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PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

VOL. L

1861-3.

PHILADELPHIA:

I'RINTED BY THE SOCIETY
1863.

In coufonnity with the usages of similar institutions, we do not hold
ourselves responsible for the facts or opinions of those who favor us with
their communications. The proof of the one, and the defence of the
other, rest with the authors, whose proper signatures will in all eases be
prefixed.

/1//6f

LIST OF PAPERS.

Page

Bland, J. H. B.

Catalogue of the Longicorn Coleoptera taken in the vicinity of
Philadelphia 93

Descriptions of several supposed new species of Cerambycidae
in the collection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia,
with observations on some already described 267

Descriptions of a few supposed new species of North American
Coleoptera 353

Buckley, S. B.

The Tarantula (Mygale Hentzii, Girard)and its Destroyer (Pom-

pilus formosus. Say) 138

Description of two new species of Termites from Texas . . 212

Clemens, Brackenridge, M. D.

Micro-Lepidopterous Larvae. — Notes on a few species, the ima-

gos of which are probably undescribed 75

New American Micro-Lepidoptera 131

North American Micro-Lepidoptera 147

Synopsis of Families of Heterocera 173

CouPER, William.

Importance of Insect Architecture to Entomologists . . .' 370
Remarks on Tent-building Ants 373

Cresson, E. T.

Catalogue of the Cicindelidfe of North America 7

Catalogue of the described species of Tenthredinidae and LTro-
ceridae inhabiting North America 33

A Catalogue of the described species of several families of
Hymenoptera inhabiting North America 202

Catalogue of the described species of North American Hymen-
optera 227, 316

Edwards, W. H.

Notes upon Grapta Comma, Harris, and Grapta Faunus, Ed-
wards (C-album of some Authors) • . . . 182

IV

Descriptions of certain species of Diurnal Lepidoptera found
within the United States, figured in Doubleday's Genera, but
undescribed 221

Fay, H. T. - .

On Winter Collecting 194

GrROTE, Aug. R.

Additions to the Catalogue of U. S. Lepidoptera . . . 218, 345

Horn, Geo. H., M. D.

Notes on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larvae and Pupte 28

Observations on the habits of some Coleopterous Larva? & Pupae 43

Description of some new North American Coleoptera . . . 187

LiNTNER, J. R.

Metamorphoses of Ceratomia quadricornis, Harris .... 286

Norton, Edward.

Notice of several new species of Tenthredinidae .... 143

A description of several new Hymenoptera 198

On the synonyms of Cimbex Americana 201

Catalogue of our species of Ophion, Anomalon, Paniscus and

Campoplex ^ 357

OsTEN Sacken, Baron R.

On the Cynipidai of the North American Oaks and their Galls 47

Description of some larvae of North American Coleoptera (PI. 1) 105

Characters of the larvcC of Mycetophilida? (Plate 2) . . . 151
Additions and corrections to the paper entitled: "On the Cy-

uipida) of the North Ameri-cau Oaks and their Galls" . . . 241

Lasioptera reared from a gall on the golden-rod . . . . 368

Ridings, James.

Description of a supposed new species of JEgeridae from Vir-
ginia, and observations upon Papilio Daunus, Boisd 277

Uhler, p. R.

Descriptions of a few new species of Hemiptera, and observa-
tions upon some already described 21

Walsh, Benj. D.,.M.x\.

On the genera of Aphid;x> found in the United States . . 294

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.

LIST OF OFFICERS FOR 1861.

PRESIDENT,

George Newman.

VICE PRESIDENT,

James H. B. Bland.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,

Ezra T. Cresson.

RECORDING SECRETARY,
J. Frank Knight.

TREASURER,

Charles Wilt.

COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION,

Thomas B. Wilson, M. D.,
Ezra T. Cresson,
John Meichel.

Vol. 1. MARCH, APRIL AND MAY, 1861. No. 1.

2 [March

STATED MEETING, March 11.
President Newman in the Chair.
Seventeen members present.

The Committee appointed to revise the Constitution and By-Laws
prior to procuring a Charter, made their final report, which was ac-
cepted and the Committee discharged.

donations to cabinet.

65 specimens of Dlptera., 62 of Hemiptera, 2 of Ortlioptera, 2 of
Neuroptera^ and 1 of Coleoptera, presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

17 specimens of ]Veuroj)fr,ra, 18 of OrfJiopft^ra, 5 of JL/nipnojitera,
and 1 of Henilptera, presented by James Ridings.

200 specimens of Colenptera^ 2 of HjjTnenoptera, 3 of Keuroptera^
and 2 of Ilemiptera, presented by George H. Horn.

2 specimens of Diptera, 1 of ITt/menoptera^ 1 of Ortlioptera^ and 1
of Hcmiptera^ presented by George Newman.

43 specimens of Coleoptera^ presented by James H. B. Bland.

2 specimens of H^menoptern^ presented by Charles Wilt.

Total, 2-44 Cohnptera, 63 Ilemiptera^ 67 Diptera^ 21 Orthoptera,
22 Neuroptera, and 10 Ilymenoptera — 130 specimens.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Libellulinse, Enropaeae. descn'pfse ac depjictse a Toussaint de Charp'ii-
tier. Lipsise, 1840, presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION. •

A communication was read from Mr. Bland, in which he stated that
he collected on the 3rd inst., near Newtown, N. J., specimens of Cara-
bus vinctus, Web., JV^otiojjhilm porrectus, Say, Stenolophus ochropezus.
Say, and Chalepus trach^pi/iju^, Burm., in rotten stumps; also Copris
ammon, Fab., Aphodius Jiinetarius, Fab , Apliodius inqiunafus, Lee,
and GeotriqKS Egeriei, Germ., under dung.

VERBAL COM.UUNICATIO.VS.

Mr. Newman exhibited to the members a species of Apafs, both in a
perfect and grub state ; he found this insect eating the wood work of
a rustic flower stand at Prof. Rogers' conservatory; they had completely
riddled the wood, thereby showing to perfection their destructive cha-
racter. Specimens of the wood were also exhibited.

Mr. Horn called the attention of the members to the necessity of col-
lecting the larvae of insects, as the study of that portion of Entomology
was of vast importance to the scientific world.

1861] «*

NEW BUSINESS.

The report of the Committee on Constitution and By-Laws was next
taken up, and that portion relating to the Constitution was unanimously
adopted.

PROPOSALS AND ELECTIONS.

Proposition No. 45 for membership was read.

On ballot, Dr. George Hewston and Mr. Wm, W. Lumbry, of Phila-
delphia, were elected.

STATED MEETING, March 25.
President Newman in the Chair.
Nineteen members present.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.
50 specimens of IL/mannptera, 29 of Diptera^ and 3 of Coleoptera,
presented by Rev. J. H. McFarland.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

The following works wore deposited by Dr. Samuel Lewis :

Merian de Europischc Insectcn. — Mcrian de Surinaamsche Insecten.
Amsterdam, 17^0.

Archives de Vhistoire des insectes, publiees en Allemand. Par Jean
Gaspar Fuessly. W inter thour, 179-1.

Analecta Entomologica. Auctore Joh. Wilh. Dolman. Holmise,,
1823. Bericht iiber eine au/ Madagascar veranstaltete Sammlung von
Insecten aus der Ordnung Culeoptera, von Dr. Fr. King. Berlin,
1833.

Burmeister's Manual of Entomology , translated from the German
by W. E. Shuckard. London, 1836.

Linnaea Entomologica. Zeitsclirift herausgegeben von dem Ento-
mologischen Vereine in Stettin. 3 Bdnde. Berlin, 1857 — 1859.

Encyclopedie d' Histoire Naturelle. Anneles. Paris, 1859. Coi^-
opthres, Part 3. Paris, 1860. Par Le Dr. Chenu.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION.

Mr. Newman exhibited a piece of grape vine with twenty-four eggs of
Platyphyllum concavum, Harris, (common katy-did) deposited upon it.

Mr. N. remarked that the eggs remain in that state all winter and
hatch out in the month of June.

4 [Al'RIL

NEW BUSINESS.

The report of the Committee oq Constitution and By-Laws was next
taken up. and that portion relating to the By-Laws was unanimously
adopted.

ELECTIONS.

On ballot, Dr. T. B. Wilson, Ezra T. Cressou and John Meichel were
elected to serve as Committee of Publication for ISlJL

Thomas Daly, of Philadelphia, was then elected a member.

STATED MEETING. April 8.
President Newman in the Chair.
Twenty-three members present.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

1124 specimens of CoUopUra, embracing several new and very in-
teresting species from the Western States, presented by John Pearsall.

675 specimens of Colrnptera. 36 Henuptera, 7 NeAiroptera, and 6
Orthnptcra, presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

140 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by James D. Dowling.

100 specimens of Colcoptera^ presented by Henry Ulke. This lot
embraces many rare and interesting species, among which are the fol-
lowing :

Clcindela ohsoleta^ Say. Eurijptyclius heterocerus, (Say).

" decemnotata^ Say. Hj/lochares nir/ricoriu's, (Say).

" albilahris, Kirby. Platijccrus dcpressiiSj Lee.

" micans, Fabr. Limonius vagus, Lee.

" Ihnhalis, Klug. Cori/mhetes Kendalli, Kirby.

Oodes aeruffinosus, Chaud. " aeripennis, (Kirby).

Matus hicarinafus, Say. Elatcr apicatus, Say,

Berosus paUescens, Lee. Ulochaetes leonmus, Leo.

S'dpha hituherosa, Lee. Chri/somda sir/moidea, Lee.

Bj/rrhus van'us, Fabr. Anthicus Jloralis, Payk.

Ti-i/plax JiavicoUis, Lac. " thovacicus, Ferte.

Gardiophorus cardisce, Say. " vicinus, Ferte.

27 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by William Evett.

5 specimens of Culeoptera^ presented by J. H. B. Bland.

Total, 2120 specimens.

1801] 6

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

St/stematische JSeschreibung dcr bekannten Europdischen zweijiiige-
U(fe.n Lisecteu^ von Joh. Willi. Meigen. Vols. 1 — 7.

Also a complete set of the Froceedingx and Journal (second series)
of the Academij of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, presented by Dr.
T. B. Wilson.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectcs. Genera des CoUoptlres ou expose
metliodique et critique de tons les (jenres proposh Jusqit ici dans cet ordre
d^insectes, par M. Th. Lacordaire. Tome 1 — 5. Paris, \%b^ — 1859;
deposited by E. T. Cresson.

Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, Vols. 1 — 8, and Nos. 209 — 230
of Vol. 9. London, 1856 — 1861; presented by E. T. Cresson.

AVRITTEN COMiMUNICATIONS.

A comniuuication was read from Mr. Bland, in which he stated having
collected this week, ffaliplus americanus, Aube, Berosus striatus, Say,
and Dineutes americanus, Linn., in ditches below the city.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings :

" Catalogue of the Cicindelidae of North America, by E, T. Cresson."

" Descriptions of a few new species of Hemiptera, and observations
upon some already described, by P. II. Uhler."

And were referred to Committees.

STATED MEETING, May 13.

President Newman in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The Committees on Mr. Cresson's paper and on Mr. Uhler's paper,
read April 8th, reported in favor of their publication in the Proceed-
ings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

51 specimens of Coleoptera, 20 Diptera, 9 Hemiptera, 6 Hymenop-
tera, 5 Orthoptera, and 1 Neuroptera, presented by Wm. Evett.

42 specimens of Coleoptera and 46 Hemiptera, presented by James
Ridings.

14 specimens of Coleoptera and 12 Hemiptera, presented by T. Bunte.

6 [May

8 specimens of Coleoptera , 8 Hymenoptera, 2t Orthoptera and 1 Dij^-
tera, presented by George Newman.

11 specimens of Ili/menoptera, presented by Rev. J. H. McFarland.

5 specimens of Colcopfera, presented by Messrs. Feldman and Wenzel.

3 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by Dr. Samuel Lewis.

3 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by J. D. Dowling.

1 specimen of Coleoptera, and a larva of Cerafocampa regalis, Fabr.,
neatly prepared and presented by J. H. B. Bland.

Total, 244 specimens.

DONATION TO LIBRARY.

Arca)ia I^aturx, on Archives d'Histoire Naturelle. Par M. James
Thomson. Paris, 1859. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A communication was read from Mr. Newman, in which he reports
having collected the following insects in the vicinity of Red Bank,
New Jersey, on the 14th and 27th of April :

Coleoptera : CicinJela haltimorensis, Cicindela patruela, Cicindela,
generosa, Cicindela purpurea, Gicindela rugifrons, Elaphrus ruscariuSj
Helluomorpha laticornis, Lehia vittata, Plutynus {Agoiuan^ octopunc-
tata, Cacujus clavipes, Canthon chalcites, Cremastochilus Harrisii,
Anomala Linotata, Lachnosterna trisfis, Lachnosterna hrevicollis, Serica
vespertina, Stephanucha areata, Corijmhites tarsalis, Chrt/somela phi-
ladelphica, Bippodamia parenthesis, Coccinella novemnotata, and Ly-
coperdina angulata.

Lepidoptera : Anthocaris genutia, Colias philodice, Vanessa antiopa,
Grapta interrogationis, Pyraineis atalanta, Thecla niphon, Thecla
smilacis, Polyommatus phleas, and Nisoniades juvenalis.

Also a communication from Mr. Ridings, reporting the capture of
the following Coleopterous insects since the last meeting:

Elaphrus rtiscarius, Omophron americamim, Ardistomus viridis,
Languria trifasciata, Gnorimus maculosus, Asemum moestum, Elaj^hi-
dion {Stenosjihenns^ notatum, Rhagium lineatum, Euderces pini, and
Clytus marginirollis.

Also a communication from Mr. Bland, in which he reports having
taken the following Coleopterous insects on the 12th inst., in a wood on
the Media railroad, between Darby and Gray's lane, under stones and
rotten wood :

Cychrus stenostomus, Pterostichus (^Poscilus^ lucublandus, Lachnos-
terna fusca, and Lachnosterna hirsuta.

1861]

Catalogue of the CICINDELID^ of North America.
BY E. T. CRESSON.

The object in preparing this Catalogue has been to give, as far as "^

possible, a complete list of the species of Cicindelida? found in North
America, with references to where they are described and figured.

The habits and locality, as far as known, are also given to facilitate
the researches of collectors. I have not attempted to classify the spe-
cies of Cicindela, as I have only a few Mexican and West Indian spe-
cies within my reach to refer to; therefore, I have arranged them in
alphabetical order, until some entomologist undertakes the task of mo-
nographing them. ^

CICINDELTDJE.

The species of this family are very predaceous, living almost entirely
upon other insects, both in their larva and perfect state, seizing and de-
vouring every insect they can overcome, sparing not even their own
species. Linnaeus has very appropriately termed them "insect tigers,"
as they are certainly the most savage of all Coleoptera.

Amblycheila, Say.

1. A. cy li n dr i fo r m i s, Say (Majiticora), Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.
o, 139 ; Trails. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 409 : Thomson, Monog, des Cicind.
tab. 3, fig. 3 : Lee. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, 3::!, tab. 1 ; Col. Kansas and
N. Mex. 1856, tab. 2, fig. 1.

A. Piccolominii, Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 8, 560; tab. 19.

Cabinet of the Society. This remarkable insect is probably crepus-
cular or nocturnal in its habits, but nothing definite is as yet known.

Specimens have been taken in California, New Mexico and Kansas,
near the base of the Rocky Mountains.

Omus, Esch.

1. O. Dejeanii, Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 7, 297; tab. 10, fig. 1.
Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. tab. 3, fig. 4: Lee. Pac. R. R. Report,
1857, p. 27; tab. 1, fig. 1.

Found in Oregon and Washington Territory. Cabinet of Mr. H. Ulke.

2 0. cal i fo r n i c u s, Esch. Zool. Atlas, p. 5; tab. 4, fig. 1:
Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 7, 301; tab. 10, fig. 3. (copied): Mann.
Bull. Soc. de Mosc. 1843, 182 : Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. tab. 3,
fig. 5 — 6: Lee. Pac. R. R. Report, 1857, p. 27; tab. 1, fig. 3.

Found iu California. Rare. Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke.

8 _ [May

3. O. Audouinii, Reiche, Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 7, 300; tab. 10, fig.
2 : Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. tab. 3, fig. 7 — 8 r Lee. Pac. R R.
Report, 1857, p. 27; tab. 1, fig. 2.

Cabinetof the Society. This species, as well as 0. Dejeanii, is
said to be quite common in Oregon and Washington Territory, and are
found running on the ground like spiders.

Tetracha, Westw.

1. T. Carolina, Linn. {Cicimlela^ Syst. Nat. 2, 657; Gmelin, 1,
4, 1922 : Oliv. Ent. 2, 33, 29; tab. 2, fig. 22: Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 233:
Dej. Spec. 1, 8: Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p. 30; tab. 4, fig. 9 — 10.

Megacephala caroliiH'nda., Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 1, 175.

Megaceplahi ocn'dentalis, Klug, Pries, vorr. Ins. 11 ; Jahrb. Ins, 1, 5.

Megacephala mdcu/lcoDu's, Lap. Rev. Ent. de ^ilb. 2, 29.

Megacrphala mexicann, Gray, Griff, An. Kingd. 1, 263; tab. 29, fig.
1: Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in the Southern States, also in Cuba
and Mexico. This beautiful insect is very abundant in Texas, under
logs and stones near the water's edge ; when pursued they do not hesi-
tate to plunge into the water and conceal themselves under stones, and
remain there a long time. They very seldom fly, but run with great
velocity.

2. T. geniculata, Chevr. (Megacephala) Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
27. Lap Rev. Ent. de Silb. 2, 29 : Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p.
31, tab. 5, fig. 1.

Found in INJexico. According to Mons. Thomson, this species is
synonymous with T. sob rina, (Dej.) from Brazil.

3. T. virgula, Thomson. Monog. des Cicind. p. 31.
From Cuba.

4. T. infuscata, Mann. (Megacephala) Bull, de Mosc. 1837:
Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p. 32; tab. 5, fig. 2.

Megacephala lati'pennis, Chaud. Bull. de. Mosc. 1843, p. 42.
Megacephala ohsrurata, Chaud. ib.

From St. Domin2;o.

5. T. a e u t i p e n n i s , Dej. (Megacephala) Spec. 1, 13 : Lap. Etud.
Ent. p. 35; Rev. Ent. de Silb. 2, 32: Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p.
36; tab. 6, fig. 5—6.

Megacephala Laportei, Chevr. Rev. Ent. de Silb. 2, 83.
Megacephala occiden talis, Klug, Ins. doiib. p. 11.
Megacephcda adonis, Lap. Etud. Ent. p. 35.
Found in Cuba, Hayti and St. Domingo.

ISul] 9

6. T. a n g 11 s t a t a , (^hevr. (Mrfjacrphald') 3Iag. de Zool. 1841 , Ins.
tab. 55: Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p. 38; tab. 6. fig. 9.

Megacephala obscura, Hlipfner: Dej. Cat. old edit. p. 1.

From Mexico.

7. T. impressa, Chevr. {}f<<i<u-('p]wht') Mag. de Zool. 1841, Ins.
tab. 50 : Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p. 39.

Found in ^lexico. According to Mons. Thomson, this species is sy-
nonymous with T. affinis, {DcJ.) from South America.

8. T. virgin ica, Liun. (^Cicindcla^ Syst. Nat. 2, 657; Gmelin, 1,
4, 1922: Oliv. Ent. 2, 33, 30; t^ib. 3, fig. 27: Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 233 :
Lap. Rev. Ent. de Silb. 2, 30 — 32 : Thomson, Monog. des Cicind. p.
41; tab. 7, fig. 7.

Cabinet of the Society. Generally not common; but in July and
August of last year, it was taken quite plentiful under logs and stones
in elevated grassy fields, on the west side of the Schuylkill, above
Philadelpliia.

Iresia, Dej.

1. I. Bouchardi, Salle; Chevr. Rev. et 3Iag. de Zool. 1856, p.
351. Lacord. S. a B. Atlas, tab. 1, fig. 3.

From Mexico. The species of this genus are found on the leaves of
trees, and are exceedingly rapid in flight.

CiCINDELA, Linn.

The species of this genus are remarkable for the perfection and sym-
metry of their structure, the lightness and velocity of their motions,
both on the earth and in the air, and for the splendor and brilliancy of
their colors. They prefer arid and sandy places exposed to the sun ;
their flight is of short duration, rarely exceeding ten or a dozen yards
at a time; they are easily alarmed, and generally difiicult to capture.

1. C. abdominalis, Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 237: Herbst, Kiifer, 10,
202: Dej. Sp. 1, 140: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 183; tab. 14, fig.
13; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 57; tab. 1, fig. 54.

Cabinet of the Society. This is a small black species with a red ab-
domen; it is quite rare, and generally taken in pine forests on sand
blackened by fire. Inhabits the Middle and Southern States in the
months of June and July.

2. C. a ere a, Chevr. Mag. de Zool. 1841, tab. 58.
Found in Mexico.

10 [May

3. C. Ancocisconensis, Harris, Family Visitor, (Cleveland, 0.)
2, No. 39: Hild. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 331: Lee. Tran. Am. Phil. Sec.
11, p. 38; tab. 1, fig. 15.

Found about the White Mountains, New Hampshire.

4. C. argentata, Dej. Sp. 1, 147; Sp. 5, 215.
From Guadeloupe.

5. C. ascendens, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat, Hist. 5, 172; Trans. Am.
Phil. S^c. 11, 51; tab. 1, fig. 42.

From Greorgia and West Indies. Perhaps only a variety of C. s e r-
pens, Lee.

6. C. aterriraa, Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1, 35.
Found in Mexico.

7. C. baltimorensis, Herbst, Kafer, 10, 180; tab. 172, fig. 3:
Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 48; tab. 1, fig. 25.

G. repanda, Dej. Sp. 1, 74: Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 9.
C. Mrti<:oUts.\ Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 49.
Cabinet of the Society. Common from April to July, in New Jer-
sey, on sandy roads and fields.

8. C. bland a, Dej. Sp. 5, 238: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 138;
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 49; tab. 1, fig. 38.

C tarsalis, Lee. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 66.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. Found in Georgia and North Carolina,
on the banks of rivers.

9. C. hoops, Mann. Dej. Sp. 5, 258.
Cabinet of the Society. From the West Indies.

10. C. c a 1 i f 0 r n i c a, Menetries, Bull. Soc. Imp. St. Petersb. 1843,
52: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 44—62.

Found in California.

11. C. carbon aria, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 128.
From Mexico.

12. C. Catharinse, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 178.
Found in Mexico.

13. C. celeripes, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 183; tab. 14, fig.
14; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 60; tab. 1, fig. 62.

Cabinet of the Society. Said to be abundant in Kansas in the mouth
of May.

1861]

11

14. C. chloroccphala. Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
Found in Mexico.

15. C. c i n c t i p e n n i s , Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 182 ; tab. 14,
fig. 12; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 45; tab. 1, fig. 30.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke and of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Found in Kansas on muddy plains.

16. C. c i r c u m p i c t a , Fert6, Eev. Zool. 1841, 39, 193 : Lee. Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 58; tab. 1, fig. 57.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Texas.

17. C. corvina, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 53; tab. 1. fig. 47.
Cabinet of the Society. From Mexico and Texas.

18. C. Crave rii, Thomson, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 528.
From Mexico.

19. C. Cristoforii. Chevr. Mag. de Zool. 1841.
Found in 3Iexico.

20. C. cumatilis, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 173; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 56; tab. 1, fig. 53.

C. Gucxiana, Chevr. Kev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, 424.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke and of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

21. C. cuprascens, Lee. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 65; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 49; tab. 1, fig. 37.

C. Uanda.X (var.) Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 180: Chaud. Bull.
Mose. 1854.

Cabinet of the Society. From Missouri and Kansas.

22. C. eursitans, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 60; tab. 1, fig. 63.
Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. I am informed by Mr. Ulke that there

has at last a locality for this insect been found in Southern Illinois; it
was seen running very quickly on the sand quite in abundance. It is
apterous.

23. C. curvata, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
From Mexico.

24. C. cyan ive n tr is, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. From Mexico.

25. C. cyanella, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 46; tab. 1, fig. 31.
Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. Found in Kansas.

26. C. cyanospara, Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1842, Pt. 1, p. 23
From Yucatan.

12 [May

27. C. decemnotata, Say, Am. Ent. tab. 18 ; Journ. Acad. Nat.
Sc. 1, 19.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Kansas and Nebraska.

28. C. decostigma, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent: Lee. Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 1, .54 ; tab. 1, fig. 48.

C. viexicana, Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1, 31.

Cabinet of the Society. From Texas and Mexico.

29. C. dorsalis, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 20; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 1, 41.5; tab. 13, fig. 5: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 47 :
Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 47; tab. 1, fig. 32.

0. signafa, Dej. Spec. 1, 124.

Cabinet of the Society. Very abundant on the sea.shore of New Jer-
sey in July and August. Mr. Henry Feldman informs me that he has
taken this species on the eastern shore of the Delaware River as far up
as lied Bank. The Society possesses a specimen captured by Mr. John
Meichel on the bank of a small stream near Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

30. C. duodecim-guttata, Dej. Sp. 1, 73: G-ould, Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist. 1, 51; tab. 3, fig. 3: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 42; tab.
1, fig. 24.

0. Proteus, Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 9.

Cabinet of the Society. Found almost everywhere in the United
States, and in various localities. In Pennsylvania they are most gene-
rally found on clay soil about brick yards, in the mouths of May and
June.

31. C. fera, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
Found in Mexico.

32. C. ferrugata, Putz. Mem. Soc. Liege, 2, 368.
From Mexico.

33. C. flammula, Thomson, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. 3rd ser. 4, 326;
tab. 8, fig. 5.

Found in Mexico.

34. C. f 1 a va-pu n c t at a, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
Cabinet of the Society. From Mexico. This species diff'ers from C.

decostigma by the abdomen being partly red.

35. C. formosa, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 19: Am. Ent. tab.
18: Dej. Sp. 2, 424: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 180; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11. 39; tab. 1, fig. 18.

Cabinet of the Soctety. Found in Kansas and Nebraska, near sand
hills.

isoi]

13

36. C. fulgida, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 141 : Lee. Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. 4, 179; tab.'l3, fig. 5; Trans. Am. I'hil. Soc. 1 1, 40; tab. 1,

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Kansas, on sandy places.

37. C. generosa, Dcj. Sp. 5, 231: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.
1. 42; tah. 3, fig. 2: Lee Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 39; tab. 1, fig. 17.

0. ohllqmifa.X Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 10,

Cabinet of the Society. Found in the Middle and Western States,
on sandy roads, from May to September.

38. C. gratiosa, Guerin, Rev. Zool. 1840, 37: Lcc. Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 59; tab. 1, fig. GO.

Found on the coast of Florida.

39. C guttifera, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 42; tab. 1, fig. 23.
From New Mexico.

40. C. hemichrysea, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. p. 129.
From 31exico.

41. C. hemorrhagica, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 171; Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11. 55; tab. 1, fig. 49: Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1854.

Cabinet of IMr. Henry Ulke and of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Abundant on the seashore at San Diego, California, in the mouth of
June.

42. C. Hentzii, Dej. Sp. 5, 428 (Heutzii): Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. 4, 182; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 55; tab. 1, fig. 50.

C. hsemorrhouhiIis,\\ Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 254; tab. 2, fig.
2: Harris, New Engl. Farmer, 7, 91: Gould, Bosfc. Journ. Nat. Hist.
1, 52; tab. 2, fig. 5.

Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. From Massachusetts.

43. C. h ir t i CO 1 lis. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 20; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 1, 411; tab. 13, fig. 2: Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 8: Chaud.
Bull. Mosc. 1854: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 180; Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 11, 43; tab. 1, fig. 26.

a albohirta, Dej. Sp. 2, 425: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 49;
tab. 3, fig. 1.

C. (jracida, Lee. Ann Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 170.

C. iinita, Kollar, Ann. Wien. Mus. 1, 330.

Cabinet of the Society. Found from Maine to Texas; abundant on
the shores of the oceans, lakes and rivers. Found on the seashore of
New Jersey, from March to September.

14 [May

44. C. humeral is, Chevr. Mag. de Zool. 1841, tab. 59.
From Mexico.

45. C. hydrophoba, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 125.
Found in Mexico.

46. C. imperfecta, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 171; Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 45; tab. 1, fig. 28.

From California.

47. C. inccrta, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 127.
G. lu'jens, Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1, p. 34.

From ^lexico.

48. C. inspersa, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 130.
From Mexico.

49. C. 1 a c e r a t a , Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1854 : Lee. Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 11,48; tab. 1, fig. 35.

Cabinet of Mr. H. Ulke. Found on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

50. C. 1 a t es i gn ata, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 172; Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 39; tab. 1, fig. 19: Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1854.

Found on the seashore and salt marshes at San Diego, California.

51. C. Lecontei, Hald. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 361: Lee. Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 34; tab. 1, fig. 7.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Wisconsin.

52. C. lemniscata, Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, 220; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 59; tab. 1, fig. 61.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. From Arizona.

53. C. lepida, Dej. Sp. 5, 255: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 181;
tab. 13, fig. 8; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 51; tab. 1, fig. 41.

Cabinet of the Society. Found abundantly on Coney Island, near
New York, on the white sandy shore; also at Trenton, New Jersey, and
in Missouri.

54. C. limb at a, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 141.

From the Nebraska and Arkan.sas Rivers. Say's type having been
destroyed, this species has not since been recovered.

55. C. longilabris, Say, Long's Exped. 2, 268 : Lee. Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. 4, 178; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 33; tab. 1, fig. 5.

C. alhilahris, Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 12; tab. 1, fig. 1.
Cabinet of the Society. Found in the Northern States and Canada,
in paths through grassy and bushy places.

1861] 15

56. C. luteolincata, Chevr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 351.
From Mexico.

57. C. macra, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 50; tub. 1, fig. 39.
C. hhinda.X Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 190.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

58. C. macrocnema, Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1852, Part 1, p. 15.
Found in Mexico.

59. C. marginata, Fabr. Syst El. 1, 241 : Herbst. Kiifer, 10, 206:
Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 417; tab. 1:5, fig. 6: Gould, Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist. 1, 48: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 48; tab. 1, fig. 36.

C. variejafa, Dej. Sp. 1, 84.

Cabinet of the Society. Found on the ocean beach of South Carolina
and Georgia, also on the salt marshes of Massachusetts and New York.

60. C. marginipennis, Dej. Sp. 5, 260: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. 4, 182; tab. 14, fig. 11; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 57; tab. 1,
fig. 55.

Cabinet of the Society. Found on the shores of the Susquehanna
River, below the bridge at Harrisburg, Pa., in the month of June.

61. C. media, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 47; tab. 1, fig. 33.
Found on the seacoast of South Carolina and Georgia.

62. C. Mellyi, Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1852, Part 1, p. 19.
From Mexico.

63. C. Neitii, Guerin, Rev. Zool. 1844, 254.
From Mexico.

64. C. nigroccsrulea, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 181; tab. 14,
fig. 9; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 35; tab. 1, fig. 10.

Found in Kansas.

65. C. obsoleta, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 143: Lee. Ann.
Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 178; tab. 13, fig. 4; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 32;
tab. 1, fig. 2.

C. prasina, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 31 (green variety).
Cabinet of the Society. Abundant on the arid table lands in Kan-
sas; also found in Arkansas.

66. C. 0 eel lata, Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1, p. 33.
From Jalapa, Mexico.

67. C. oregoua, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 41; tab. 1, fig. 22.
C. duodecim-guttata,\ Men. Bull. Soc. Imp. St. Petersb. 2, 52.
Cabinet of the Society. From Oregon and Northern California.

16 [May

68. C. pallifera, Cliaud. Bull. Mosc. 1852, Part 1, p. 17.
From Yucatan.

69. C. patruela, Dej. Sp. 1,62: Gould, Bost. Jour n. Nat. Hist. I,
44; tab. o, fig. 4: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 178; Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 11, b6; tab. 1, fig. 12.

C. consentanea, Dej. £p. 1, 63 (black variety).

Cabinet of the Society. Found in the Middle States, in the month of
June, generally about puddles of water in roads running through woods.

70. C. Pilatei, Guerin, {Dromochorus) Mag. de Zool. 1845, Ins.
tab. 162.

A very rare species, found in Texas; it is apterous and of a dull black
color. Mr. Ileni-y Ulke possesses a specimen in his beautiful and va-
luable collection.

71. C. praetextata, Lee. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, .220: Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 58; tab. 1, fig. 58.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. Fi'om Arizona.

72. C. pulchra. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 142: Dej. Sp. 2,
421: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 175; tab. 13, fig. 1; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 34; tab. 1, fig. 6.

Cabinet of the Society. This beautiful insect is not common, and
very difficult to capture. Found on the arid table lands near the Rocky
Mountains, from the Platte River to the Rio Grande.

73. C. punctulata, Oliv. Ent. 33; tab. 2, fig. 18: Fabr. Syst. El.
1, 241 : Herbst, Kilfer, 10, 173; tab. 171, fig. 8 : Dej. Sp. 1, 101 :'Gould,
Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 54: Say, Trans. Km. Phil. Soc. 1, 420; tab.
13, fig. 2: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 182; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11,
53; tab. 1, fig. 46.

C. micans, Fabr. Syst. Suppl. 61 : Herbst, Kiifer, 10, 180; tab. 172,
fig. 2 (green variety).

Cabinet of the Society. A very common species, found in almost
every State from Maine to Texas. In Pennsylvania it is generally
found on dry roads, and frequently in the streets of cities, from June
to September. The green variety is found in Kansas and New Mexico.

74. C. purpurea, Oliv. Ect. 33; tab. 3, fig. 34: Herbst, Kafer, 10,
195; tab. 173, fig. 7 : Say, Trans. Am. Phil Soc. 1, 419; tab. 13, fig. 8 :
Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 44: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11,
37; tab. 1, fig. 14.

C. 7nari/ina/is, Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 240: Herbst, Kiifer, 10, 175; tab.
171, fig. 10: Dej. Sp. 1, 55; Sp. 5, 210.

1861] 17

C. Amhihonli, Lcc. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5, 207; tab. 18, fig. 7;
Lee. Aim. Lye. Nat. p[ist. 4, 176 (black variety).

Cabinet of the Society. Quite comiuoii in the .Middle and Western
States, ou roads by the woodside, from .March to September. The green
and black varieties occur only at the AVest.

75. C. pusilla, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 31; Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc. 1, 424; tab. 13: Dej. Sp. 2, 432: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,
1S3; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 45; tab. 1, fig. 29.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Kansas, on moist mud.

76. C. quadrina, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 176.
From Mexico. '

77. C. radians, Chevr. Mag. de Zool. 1841, tab. 57.
Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. From Mexico.

78. C. roseiven tr is, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
C. semi-circulmn's, Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1, p. 33.

Found in Mexico.

71). C. r ufi ven tris, Dej. Sp. 1, 102: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
11, 56; tab. 1, fig. 52.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. Found in the Southern States and St.
Domingo.

80. C. rugifrons, Dej. Sp. 1,51; Sp. 5,209; Gould. Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist. 1, 46: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 34; tab. 1, fig. 8.

C. denticidata, Hentz, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 254; tab. 2, fig. 1 :
Harris, New Engl. Farmer, 7, 90.

C. o6.sci/m,|| Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 418.

C. modesta, Dej. Sp. 1, 52: Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 176 (black variety).

C. unicolor, Dej. Sp. 1, 52; Sp. 5, 210: Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd
Cent.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in the Eastern, Middle and Southern
States and Mexico, on sandy roads. The black variety is common in
New Jersey in the month of May. It has been stated that the black
variety does not occur with the green one, but Mr. Geo. Newman assures
me that he has found both vai'ieties together in the same locality.

81. C. Sallei, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2ad Cent. 126.
From Mexico.

S2. C. Saulcyi, Guerin, Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 87; 1841. p. 96: Lee.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 47; tab. 1, fig. 34.
C. venusfa^ Ferte, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 37.
Cabinet of the Society. Found ou the seashore of the Gulf of Mexico.

18 [May

83. C. s c u t e 1 1 a r i s , Say, Journ. Acad. Nat Sc. 3. 140 : Lee. Ann,
Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 176; tab. 13, fig. 2; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 35;
tab. 1, fig. 9.

Cabinet of the Society. A beautiful species, found in Kansas, on
sand hills, in the month of June.

84. C. sedecim-punctata, Klug. Jahrb. Ins. 1, p. 32: Lee.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 56; tab. 1, fig. 51.

C. ruhriventrisj Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 101.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. Found in Mexico and New Mexico.

85. C. serpens, Lee. Ann. Lye, Nat. Hist. 5. 173; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 51; tab, 1, fig. 43,

Found at Key West, Florida.

86. C. severa, Ferte, Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 41: Lee. Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 58; tab. 1, fig, 56,

From Mexico, Texas and New Mexico,

87. C, sex-guttata, Fabr, Ent. Syst. 1, 176; Syst. El. 1, 241:
Oliv. Ins. 33'; tab. 2, fig. 21: Herbst, Archiv. tab. 27, fig. 17; Kafer,
10, 171; tab. 171, fig. 6: Dej, Sp. 1, 53: Say, Trans. Am. Phil, Soc.
1, 414; tab, 13, fig. 4 : Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 45 : Lee. Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 36; tab. 1, fig. 11,

C. violacea, (var,) Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 232: Herbst, Kafer, 10, 198.

Cabinet of the Society. A very common species, found from New-
foundland to Texas, In the Middle States it is found most frequently
on new cut logs, and also on roads running through woods, from June
to September.

88. C. sigmoidea, Lee. Ann. Lye, Nat, Hist, 5, 172 ; Trans, Am,
Phil, Soc, 11, 52; tab, 1, fig. 44,

G. tri/asciata, (var.) Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1854, 172,

Cabinet of Mr, Henry LUke, Found on the seashore at San Diego,
California.

89. C. smaragdina, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent, 179.
From Mexico.

90. C. Sommeri, Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1837.

Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, From Mexico,

91. C, sperata, Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11,50; tab. 1, fig. 40.
Cabinet of the Society. From Mexico and Texas.

92. C, splendida, Hentz. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3, 254; tab. 2.

1861]

19

fig. 3: Klug. Jahrb. Tns. 1, 23: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 176;
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 36: tab. 1, fig. IB.

C. ^ix-gnttata, (var.) Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 241.

0. limbah's, (var.) King. Jahrb. Ins. 1, 29.

C. marginalis, (var.) Dej. Sp. 5. 210.

a spreta, (var.) Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 177; tab. 13, fig. 7.

0. amana, (var) Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 177; tab. 13, fig. 3.

Cabinet of the Society. Found almost everywhere in the United
States, yet not with the varieties intermingled.

93. C. ten u il ineata, Chevr. Mag. de Zool. 1841.
From Mexieo.

94. C. tenuis ign a ta, Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 5, 171; Trans.
Am. Phil. Soe. 11, 44; tab. 1, fig. 27.

Cabinet of Mr. Henry Ulke. Found in California, Texas and Mexico.

95. C. terricola, Say, Long's Exped. 2, 268.
From Kansas and Nebraska.

96. C. togata, Ferte, Rev. Zool. 1841. p. 40: Lee. Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 58; tab. 1. fig. 59.

From Texas and Mexico.

97. C. tortuosa, Dej. Sp. 1, 87: Lee. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11,
52; tab. 1, fig. 45.

'C. tri/asciata, Fabr.' Klug, Jahrb. Ins. 1, 21: Chaud. Bull. Mosc.
1854: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4, 181; tab. 14, fig. 10.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Georgia and Louisiana, on the
mud of rice fields; it is also found in the West Indies.

98. C. unipunctata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 174; Syst. El. 1, 238:
Oliv. Ins. 33; tab. 3, fig. 27: Herbst, Kiifer, 10, 190; tab. 173, fig. 1:
Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 412; tab. 13. fig. 3: Lee. Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. 11, 32; tab. 1, fig. 4.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in the Middle and Southern States,
in pine forests and amongst grass, in the month of June.

99. C. Vasseleti, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 1st Cent.
Prom Mexico.

100. C. venusta, Lee. Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. 4, 179; tab. 13, fig.
G; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 39; tab. 1, fig. 16.

Cabinet of the Society. Found in Kansas, on sandy plains.

101. C. viatica, Chevr. Col. du Mex. 2nd Cent. 180: Lee. Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 62; tab. 1.

From Mexico and Sonera.

20 [May

102. C. viridi e oil is. Dej. Sp. 5, 265 : La Sagra, Hist, de Cuba,
Ins. tab. 6, fig. 3.

Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Found in Cuba.

103. C. vulgar is, Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1, 409; tab. 13, fig.
1: Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1. 43: Lee. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. 4,
179 ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 11, 40 ; tab. 1, fig. 20.

C. ohliquata, Dej. Sp. 1, 72 : Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, 10.
Cabinet of the Society. Found in almost every part of the United
States.

104. C. V u 1 1 u r i n a , Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 6, 439 ; Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc 11, 32; tab. 1, fig. 3.

From Texas and Mexico.

105. C. Walkeriana. Thomson. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3rd ser. 4,

!

ool.

From Costa Kiea.

Additions and Corrections.

Page 10. Between C. a t e r r i m a and CV b a 1 1 i m o r e n s i s insert
C. aurora. Thomson. Arcana Naturae, p. 90.
From Mexico.
Page 12. For C. f 1 a v a- p u n c t a t a read C. f la v o -p u n c t a t a .
Page 16. Between C. P i 1 a t o i and C. p r a? t e x t a t a insert :
C. ponderosa. Thomson. Arcana Natura3. p. 89.
From Mexico.

1861] 21

Descriptions of a few new species of HEMIPTERA, and observations upon some

already described.

By p. K. Uiilkr.

PACHYCORIS. ]5lirui.

P. dissociatus . — Form of P. Faliricii, Liun., greenish or bluish
black, shiuing; head deeply, rather closely, coiifluently piuictnred ;
antennae black; rostrum piceous; eyes brown; ocelli testaceous; thorax
sparsely, shallowly punctured, punctures rather dense in the transverse
impression behind the head, lateral margins recurved, slightly sinuated ;
the usual tubercular prominence at the humeral angles, interior to which
is a short longitudinal impression; scutellum punctured like the thorax,
punctures becoming closer against the lateral and posterior margins,
before the apex slightly depressed, basal fossae very deep, prolonged
in a less deep impression, obliquely inwards, behind the fossas, near the
lateral margin is a shallow depression ; corium deep black, finely,
closely punctured ; beneath polished, coarsely, confluently punctui'ed,
punctures becoming shallower and more sparse upon the sides of the
venter, middle of the venter to the tip destitute of punctures, finely
polished, blue-black; legs black, shining, pubescent.

Length 7i lines. Humei-al breadth 4| lines.

Uab. — New Leon, Mexico. (Lt. Couch.) Cabinet of the Smithso-
nian Institution.

MACRAULAX, Dallas.

M. tristis. — Robust, convex, fuscous, irregularly^ marbled with
black; head closely, confluently, deeply punctured with black; antennae
blackish fuscous, pubescent, compressed, second and third joints sub-
equal, fourth and fifth about equal, basal joint shortest; rostrum reach-
ing the penultimate segment, piceous, first joint, base of the second,
and articulation of the fourth testaceous, second a little longer than
the third, fourth shortest; central lobe of the head projecting beyond
the lateral ones ; ocelli red; thorax less closely punctured, punctures
confluent in spots, especially towards the sides and humeri, lateral
margins hardly recurved, slightly sinuated, a rather deep impression
behind each eye, a larger one near the lateral middle, and a longitudi-
nal, oblique one interior to each humeral tubercle; scutellum punctured
like the thorax, rather less densely so upon the disk, basal- lateral impres-
sions rather deep, small, roundish against the thorax, interior to each
impression is a small, round black spot; corium punctured like the scu-
tellum, membrane fuliginous ; lateral margins of the tergum paler fus-

22 [Mat

cous, coiifluently punctured, the iuner edge impunetured; beneath yel-
lowish, coarsely, confluently punctured with black, numerous small,
impunctured spots, especially against the sutures of the pectus, each
abdominal segment with a small bare spot upon the edge, middle of the
venter less densely and more finely punctured, becoming obsolete U230n
the immediate disk, each side of which is a longitudinal dull spot, cen-
tral furrow very distinct, reaching obsoletely upon the penultimate seg-
ment ; coxae yellow, black in the middle ; femora yellowish, black at
the tip, and coarsely punctured with black; tibias hairy, pale piceous,
finely punctured ; tarsi blackish-piceous, pubescent.

Leuiith 7 lines. Humeral breadth 4J lines.

Hdh. — Baltimore. Rare. A specimen in the collection of the So-
ciety.

This species deviates a little from the type of the genus; differing a
little in the length of the rostrum, the shape of the head, and the ab-
dominal furrow does not attain to the posterior margin of the penulti-
mate segment ; but it cannot be properly separated from this genus.

ziCRONA, Dallas.

Z. splendida. — Dark green, polished; head finely margined with
yellow anteriorly, emarginated, margins recurved, surface rather finely
punctured, middle lobe shorter than the lateral ones; antennae and ros-
trum black, the latter with white sides to the first joint, and tips of the
basal joints, also whitish ; thorax coarsely, confluently punctured pos_
teriorly, more finely and sparsely so towards the anterior angles, ante-
rior margin with a very narrow, each side interrupted, red line, lateral
margins red and connected at the humerus with a tran.sverse red line,
which crosses the disk ; seutellum confluently, and more finely punc-
tured than the thorax, and a red line running parallel to the margin
half its length, and the apex red ; hemelytra still more finely and densely
punctured thau the seutellum; embolium white; membrane dark green ;
lateral margins of the tergum red from the embolium to the apex; be-
neath coarsely punctured upon the pectus, more finely so upon the ven-
ter, middle of the head, an interrupted, spotted line against the legs,
connected with an interrupted transverse line upon the antepectus, and
the surface between the legs, pearly-white ; lateral margins of the ven-
tral segments broadly red, the last segment very narrowly so, disk of
the venter and a small spot upon the penultimate segment, also red ;
each side, behind the discoidal spot, is an elongated silvery spot; legs
dark green, polished, punctured, tibiae and tarsi pubescent.

Length 4 lines. Humeral breadth 2} lines.

Hah. — California. Cabinet of the Society.

18G1] 23

Zicrona exapta, Sn//, is a beautiful species inhabiting; Arctic Ame-
rica, New England and Missouri ; it is subject to much variation, and
one variety has been described by Kirby, N. Zool. p. 270, No. 384, as
Feiitatoma variegata : another variety is Zicrona marc/met/a, Dalhfi,
Brit. Mus. Cat. Hemiptera, pt. 1, p. 109. 5.

Edessa cruciata, Sai/, belongs to Acnnthoaoma. and has since
been redescribed by Hope. Cat. Hemipt. p. 30, (1837) as Acanthoaoma
boreal is.

Pentatoma tristigma , Sa//, belongs to Euschisfux^ and is E. luri'hix.
Dalhis, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hemipt. pt. 1, p. 207 j pi. 7. fig. 6.

GONOCERUS, Lat.

Gr. obliquus. — Blackish-fuscous, robust; head, antennfe and ros-
trum black, the latter with a broad yellow stripe each side beneath ;
thorax densely covered with black granules, each anterior angle with a
small, cylindrical, orange, projecting point, directed forwards, lateral
margins orange; scutellum granulated, the extreme tip orange; heraely-
tra rather less densely granulated than the thorax, embolium lurid,
corium bounded posteriorly by a semidiaphanous, narrow whitish band;
membrane uniform, deep fuliginous ; tergura red, excepting the lateral
submargins, posterior margin of the sixth segment and surface of the
remaining posterior segments, which are black, lateral margins obscurely
and irregularly orange; beneath finely punctured with black, which is
bare in places, disclosing the fulvous ground-color; wings dusky hya-
line, nervures black; legs black, punctured.

Length 11 lines. Humeral breadth 2^ lines.

Hah. — California. Cabinet of the Society.

This species somewhat resembles G. tristis, Fabr., but maybe
known at once from that species, by the band upon the hemelytra, and
the rather more robust form.

Lygaeus 5-spinosus, Say, belongs to the genus Ali/Jui^, and has
since been described by Herrich-Schaefter, Wanzenartigen Insektea, 8,
100; pi. 282, fig. 868, as Al>/dm crumtus.

Lygaeus eurinus, Sai/, belongs to Alydus., and seems to be the
common Alydus calcaratus, Liun., found so abundantly in some parts
of Europe.

Lygaeus geminatus, Say, is the common European Cymm resedx,
Panz. Fauna Germanica, 40, 20.

24 [May

CAPSUS, Fabr.

(\ rob ill I £6. — Rather slender, sides subparallel, body orange-yel-
low, finely pubescent ; head with two posteriorly approximated, black
lines; rostrum, antennae and eyes black; basal joints of the antennse
rather robust, about one-third the length of the second, all the joints
pubescent; thorax yellow, sometimes dusky in the middle, just before
the middle a transverse impressed line, which is touched in the middle
anteriorly by the apex of a triangular, deeper impression, lateral mar-
gins recurved, sides hardly sinuated; scutellum black; disk of the
hemelytra longitudinally smoky-black, membrane same color, lateral
margin of the corium rather straight; wings fuliginous; beneath bright
orange, disk of the venter to the apex smoky; coxae, trochanters, and
bases of the femora beneath white, remaining portions of the legs smoky-
black.

Length 3 lines. Humeral breadth 1 line.

Hah. — Maryland. It is found in great abundance during some sea-
sons upon Rohinia p^culacacia. I have also taken a specimen in July,
upon the common wild grape-vine.

Capsus rapidus, Skij, has since been described as Capsus multico-
lor, Herrich Schaeffer, Wanz. Ins. 8, 19; pi. 254, fig. 795.

DYSDERCUS, Amyot et Serv.

D. lunulatus. — Head yellowish-red, with a bilobed dusky spot
upon the middle ; antennas deep reddish-brown, polished, the apical joint
slightly pubescent; rostrum pale reddish-yellow; thorax yellowish-red,
a little dusky against the anterior margin, posterior lobe occupied by a
half-moon shaped black spot, which barely omits the posterior margin and
does not touch the lateral margins; scutellum black; hemelytra whitish-
yellow, a large half-inoon-shaped, blackish spot against the middle of
the lateral margin, the round side inwardly, but not reaching to the
internal margin, nor running upon the exterior elevated edge; mem-
brane dusky-black; collar white, inferiorly; pleura and two intervening
pectoral areas between the coxae, also white ; the remaining inferior
surface, excepting the three last segments, which are bright red, yel-
lowish-red; legs dark reddish-lurid, nails blackish.

licugth 6 lines.

Hah. — Mexico? The specimen described is in the collection of the
Society.

.\(

^^^j TERMS: ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. [(

PROCEEDINGS

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nlomalogkal ^orfelji

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OF PHILADELPHIA.

JUNE, JULY ^ND A.UGUST,

isei

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OV THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHTLADKLPHIA.

Vol. 1. JUNE, JULY, AND AUGUST, 1861. No. 2.

S T A T ED MEETING, June 10.

President Newman in the Chair.
Fourteen menibei's present.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

1220 specimens of C'oleojjfera, presented by Henry Ulke.

110 specimens of (hleoptera^ presented by William Evett.

27 specimens of Hemlptcra , 20 Ili/menoptera ^ 14 Di'pteru, and 6 Ortli-
opffrd^ presented by Dr. George H. Horn.

80 specimens of Colcoptcrn, 13 Heinipteni^ 10 OrtJioptera ^ and 7 TTjj-
wi'iioj)fi'ni, presented by Dr. J. L. Leconte.

Total. — 14")7 specimens.

])ON.\TIONS TO LIBHAItY.

Prorppdingsi of the Soricfi/ for March, April, (did Mai/, from the Pub-
lication Committee.

The Eritomnlof/lxt'ii Annual for L*^!)], from E. T. Cresson.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A communication was read from Mr. Newman reporting the capture
of the following (^ileopterous insects during last month in the vicinity
of Red Bank. New Jersey: — (Hrliulfla gpncrosa, on sandy roads; Ca/oso-
rna ralnlvtn. under logs; FfcHiirtmarpha laflronih. under stones; Cicoplnuii,

211 [.Trxp'.

mcrasnahis, burrowing in the sand; Strategiis Anfsevs, under a chestnut
log; Serka vespertma, on chestnut leaves; Serica troct/ormis. on dwarf
huckleberry; and Arhopalus pktus^ on hickory logs. Also the following
from near Belmont, Phila. : Clcmdela sexgattata, Carahus semttvx. Dicse-
lus po/ifits, and Cassida novemviarulata. under logs; NotiopMlusporrectus,
and HeJhtomorpha Infirornis, under stones; Matm bicarinafHS!, in water;
and Eiiri/omia fulguhi, eating the sap of the locust tree.

Mr. Newman also reports having reared the following Lepidoptera from
pupae and cocoons collected last fall and winter :

Papilio fiiniiis^ Linn. Larva feeds upon the Tuhp-poplar.
PapUin traihts^ Linn. Larva feeds upon the Sassa/ras.
PcipUln phllfuor^ Linn. Larva feeds upon the Serpentaria.
Papilio (isfen'as, Fabr. Larva feeds upon the Carrot.
PaplIio tnarreUxs, Cram. Larva feeds upon the Paii-jyau.
Safnniia hnat, Drury. Larva feeds upon the Wahiut.
iSafurnia ci'rropia, Linn. Larva feeds upon the Elder.
Saturn la poh/phnmis, Fabr. Larva feeds upon the Otik.

A. commixnication was read from Mr. Bland, reporting the capture of
the following Coleoptera since the last meeting: Diaper Is hi/dnl, in rot-
ten stumps: Mi/cctophagiis flpxuosiia., Trlplax tliorai lea . and Plati/dema
riifirorjn's. in fungi; DIcppIuk eloiigafus, Dlcfelus polltus. and Jjihla scapu-
/arls. all on the west side of the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia.

A communication was also read from Mr. Cresson, stating that he had
captured two specimens of SpJiz/raccjihala hrcrlrornls. Say, (Am. Ent.
pi. n"'.) on the 4th of May, by the side of a small stream, in a wood a
short distance above Frankford. Phila. On the next day he observed
them quite in abundance on the leaves of the skunk cabbage, but having
no net with him, he could not capture any; he returned a few days
afterwards for the purpose of collecting a lot of them, but they had all
disappeared, and none have been seen since. It is presumed that this in-
sect can only be found in this locality, between the 1st and l^'th of May.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled '' Notes on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larvae and Pupge,
by George H. Horn." And was referred to a Committee.

Proposition No. 46 for membership was read.

27

1801.]

STATED MEETINCr, July 8.

President Newman in the Chair.
Sixteen members present.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Dr. Horn's paper read June 10th, reported in favor
of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

8322 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by Henry Ulke.

G4 specimens of Hymenoptera , 56 Hemiptera, 40 Dlptera, 15 Ortliop-
tera^ and 7 Cohoptera, presented by Dr. George H. Horn.

92 specimens of Coleoptera, 60 Hcmqitcra^ 29 Hi/menoptera^ 16 Dip-
tera, and 4 Ortlioptera, presented by William Evett.

34 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by John Pearsall.

31 specimens of Colcoptera, presented by J. H. B. Bland,

4 specimens of Coleoptera., presented by Robert Jack.

2 specimens of Coleoptera^ presented by Dr. James C. Fisher.

2 specimens of Dlptera^ presented by George Newman.

Total, — 3776 specimens.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A letter was read from the Lyceum of Natural History, dated New
York, June 24th, 1861, acknowledging the receipt of No. 1, Vol. 1, of
the Proceeding's.

'»*-

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Catalogue of the described species of Tenthredinidae, and Uro-
ceridae, inhabiting North America, by E. T. Cresson. "

And was referred to a Committee.

NEW BUSINESS.

On motion of Mr. Ridings, the Publication Committee was authorized
to publish in the Proceedings of the Society, such reports of the capture of
insects made by members up to the commencement of publication, as
they may deem necessary.

ELECTION.

Or -jullot. iMr. Daniel Wiest, of Philadelphia, was elected a member.

28 [Jli.v

Notes on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larvae and Pupae.

15Y (JK(»R(iK H. HORN.

The tollowinj;- observations are few in number, and comprise only, such
as have been made on larvae and pupae taken during the present season.

Researches into the habits of the hirvcB of Coleoptera are attended with
considerable difficulty, the conditions required for their existence and
development being in many instances so peculiar and so varied, that it is
only after repeated failures, that one can attempt to rear them with any
reasonable hope of success. Stimulated by the successes of many Euro-
pean entomologists, and by the hope of rearing some valuable insects, I
have been induced to enter the field, and so far my attempts have met
with much encouragement. Many observations have been made which
have not sufficient connection to warrant their publication, these will be
reserved for some future article. Descriptions of the larvae will not be
given at present, but will be reserved, until either the author shall have
completed their study, or some one already conversant with the subject
will undertake their descriptitn.

Dermestes 1 a r d a r i u s , Linne. — This insect is found wherever dried
or smoked meat is stored, and when found it generally exists in consider-
able abundance. The larva is covered with bristly hairs. It is usually
seen creeping on the surface of the meat. For food it prefers such as
contains much fat and connective tissue, seldom attacking the muscular
portions when the others exist. This larva does not often bury itself in
its food till about the time of its assuming the pupa state. The insect re-
mains in the latter condition, for a period varying from three or four days
to a week or even more, depending principally upon the warmth of the
locality.

Anthrenus destructor, Mch. — To ent(nnologists, one locality for
this insect is too well known. It is often taken in flight in the dusk of
the evening. Numerous specimens have also been obtained from flowers.

I have lately obtained many specimens in all stages of development,
and have had opportunities for noting the time required for all its trans-
formations. The egg is deposited in any fissures that may exist in a spec-
imen, and after development, penetrates toward the centre, in which it
remains until perfectly developed, making its presence known by some
dust around the pin, if the specimen be an insect.

It requires nearly two weeks for the larva to arrive at a state of growth
sufficient for the assumption of the pupa. During this time the larv;^
show great powers of destruction, several of them rendering a large speci-
men perfectly valueless. In the pupa, it remains about four or five days.

JS(;i J -jy

I'tilddiutvl;! e 1 a t e r i 11 a , //////. — One specimen of tlie perfect inso(;t,
and many ]»up;x>, toj^etliov with one larva, were taken by my,selt'. They
were all found in one loj^-, which was rather moist and rotten, its texture
being so destroyed that it was impossible to distinguish the species, though
it was probably Oak. The pupa> were concealed by a thin layer of the
wood, and were on the side adjacent the earth. The identity of the pu-
pa^ was established by raising several, and by means of the cast larva skin
which adhered to a pujia, T was enable to identify the larva.

Sinoxylon A short time since I received from Mr. George

Newman some fragments of a rustic ornament made from branches of
trees To all appearances there was nothing wa-ong, though on breaking
the pieces, they were found to be completely riddled by this insect. Its
borings were in a very fine powder. The time re(|uired for its transfor-
mations, has not been observed.

The specimens raised by me were referred to l^r. Leconte, who is of
the opinion, that this insect is undescribed, should further investigation
prove it to be a native species.

Sinoxylon basil are. Sa^. — Inhabits hickory wood in which it bores
to a considerable depth, preferring the hard central wood. Its borings
are very fine, and firmly compressed. No special preparation appears to
be made when about to assume the pupa state. After full development
is attained, it turns almost at a right angle and emerges through a circu-
lar opening in the bark of the hickoi-y. The transformation from the
larva tlivough the pupa into the perfect state is made in a very short space
of time.

Anobium p a n i c e um , Fahr. — The larva of this insect is the great
destroyer of almost every root or seed used by man. It is known to the
druggist as the "' worm, " and it spares nothing in its ravages, the nour-
ishing oatmeal, the bitter Columbo and Gentian, and the poisonous Nux
Vomica, suffer alike. It has been known to perforate sheet lead.

I have lately taken it in considerable abundance boring between sheets
of cork, such as are used for cabinets, in which situation it makes tortu-
ous canals, ruining the cork almost entirely.

It remains in pupa about four or five days.

Clytus e r y th r oc e ph al us, Oh'r. — This insect I raised from the
logs with the Sino.ii/loti hnsUavf. Its borings are much coarser, and its
preference is for the softer portions of the wood. Its course outwardly
after having assumed the perfect state is gradual, and not at a right an-
gle, as is the case with the Sinnxi/Ion.

30 [J TILT

Arhopalus p ictus, Drurij. — Also inhabits the Hickory. Its excava-
tions are immediately subcortical. Unlike the (Jlijtua^ its course is not
in a line, but it bores in every direction, making extensive excavations.

Its borings are coarse and saw-dust like, and are packed with consider-
able firmness. When about to become pupa, the larva bores for a slight
depth into the wood, and for a distance of about three inches. The ap-
erture is closed with some very coarse splinter-like borings, and after
having turned its head in the direction of its previous subcortical dwell-
ing, it undergoes its transformation, and requires about two and scmie-
times three weeks for becoming a perfect insect.

Rhagium 1 i n e a t um, Oliv. — Inhabits pine stumps, under the bark
of which it lives. It may be taken in abundance in early spring.

I have never observed the larva, though when about to transform, it
places circularly around itself coarse borings, forming a sort of nest.

The time required for development is not known.

Leptura nitens, Forst. — The larva and pupa of this insect, inhabit
the Black Oak. I have never observed either.

Callidium v a r i a b i 1 e , Linn. — The larva of this insect may be found
in early spring, under the bark of White Oak logs and stumps.

Its habits are similar to the Arltopalus. The pupa requires a week or
ten days for becoming a perfect insect.

Callidium varium , Fair. — Is found with the preceding. The lar-
va? and pupfe resemble that of the ( '. variablle very closely.

Synchroa punctata, Ncirm. — The pupa only, has been observed.

One specimen of the imago with four pupfe, were taken by myself dur-
ing the third week of May. They live in rotten Oak stumps, thriving
best in the White. The pupa requires about one week to perfect itself.

Centronopus calcaratus, Fahr. — Inhabits Black Oak stumps.
The larva grows with rapidity. It remains in pupa two weeks, and
requires four or five days to gain its dark color.

Centronopus a nth r acinus, Knoch. — May be taken in company
with the latter insect. The larvae and pupae of both species resemble
each other very closely. The time re({uired for the development of this
species is rather shorter than that of C. calcaidtus.

is<n.] 31

' 8 T A T K I) M K K T T N (I , August 12.

President Newman in the Chair.
Ten rnombers present.

REPORT OF OOMMTTTKK.

The Committee on Mr. Cresson's paper, read July 8th, reported in
favor of its publication in the Proceeding of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

150 specimens of Jlemiptera, 52 Hi/menoptera, and 25 Coleoptera,
presented by William Evett.

50 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by Dr. Samuel Lewis.

22 specimens of Diptera, presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

2 specimens of Coleoptera, 2 Hi/menojHera, and 1 Lepidoptera, present-
ed by Dr. George H. Horn.

4 specimens of Hnniptera, presented by J. H. B. Bland.

1 specimen of Diptera, presented by Louis Schneider.

Total. — 'iOO specimens.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. By John L. Leconte,
M. 7>., presented by the Smithsonian Institution.

Report on the Measure Worm, or the Geometra Niveosericearia, 7vhich
infest the trees of Brooklyn ; suggesting remedies for their extermination.
By Joseph B. Jones. M. D., presented by Mr. J. W. Wiedemeyer.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Observations on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larvae and
}*upac. by (reorge H. Horn."

And was referred to a C(mimittee.

A commimication was read from Mr. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following Coleopterous insects, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, during
last May: ('dlosoma calidum, Dicselus elongatus, Dicseliis ovalis, and
Remhns laticol/is, under logs; Phanseus carnifex, in Cow dung; Brachys
ferminans. and Glyptoscelis hirtiis, by bush-beating; Corymhites f^thiops,
and Gniirotea cyanipejuu's, on Oak trees; Phttydema hasalis, under bark
of Pine stumps; Stajjhyliinis maculosus, under loose bark on the ground;
HafrisuK lincdtictillis. in ants' nests, it is very active after being disturbed;
Xi(t(</ii:i (ihsciinis. found flying in great abundance on the Eastern shore

32 [August

of the Delaware, on a bend somewhat elbow-shape, about one mile above
Red Bank, N. J. The insect flies gracefully, seldom rising more than
four feet from the ground, and it alights with ease; it is in no hurry to
rise, and walks rather lazily, opening and extending its beautiful antennae.

The day was warm and calm. Visited the same place again about a
week afterwards, but found only one specimen, under a block of wood.

The day was cool and windy.

Also the following Coleoptera, captured during last month, in the same
locality: Anci/luchira lineata, on wild Chamomile; C'ori/mljites apprcssi-
frons^ on Oak trees; Drapetes geminahis^ Chalcolepldms vlridipilis^ Dec-
tes spinosa, (follops quadrimacvJatus^ and Rhipiphorus dimidiatus, taken
on flowers with beating-net; Cli/hhn puhescena^ about wood- piles at Reed
street wharf; Tetraopes canteriator^ on the Asclepias PhyJotaccoides; Mic-
rorhopala Xercne, taken in abundance with the beating-net, on the banks
of Timber Creek, about one mile east of Woodbury Turnpike, N. Jersey.

Also a communication from Mr. Cresson, reporting the capture of the
two following species of Coleoptera, during the fore part of July :

Stratcym Antsem. This insect burrows in the sandy fields of New
Jersey, and were taken quite common by digging for them. They de-
scend to the depth varying from one inch to a foot, the females were gen-
erally found deeper than the males. By searching for them early in the
morning, they can be captured with greater ease, as the earth around
the holes is fresh. Locality, near Gloucester, New Jersey.

Tcfraopps canter lator. Came upon a locality for this insect, between
Gloucester and Red Bank, New Jersey, where it occured in considerable
abundance. It frec^uents the same species of A.sdtpias as the T. tetroph-
fhdlmus, but were found only upon the young plants.

The following communication was received from Mr. T. B. Ashton, of
Washington County, New York, and read before the Society, April 25th,
1859 :-

" PoDURA MVicoLA, Fitch. — Foiind on the 18th of April, weather cloudy and cold,
temperature above 50° Fah. This insect was met with in countless numbers on
and near a swampy piece of ground, through which ran a small creek. My atten-
tion was first directed to what I supposed to be soot floating down the creek, and
paid no further notice to it, until I discovered the insect in large numbers in the
Highway, a few rods distant from the creek, and then suspecting the cause of the
soot-like appearance floating on the water, I returned, and to my surprise, found
countless millions of them alive and active, piled upon each other to the hight of
half an inch, and in spots varying from an inch or less, to twelve inches in diame-
ter, floating on the water in every eddy, for a distance of about thirty rods.

I also observed them in vast numbers, in every direction for rods around the
creek. This was the only place I met with them on that day, though I passed over,
on foot, a tract of countrv fifteen miles in extent."

Catalogue of the described species of TENTHREDINID^, and UEOCERID^,

inhabiting North America.

I5Y K. 'I'. CUKSSON.

The compilation of a catalogue of the described species of North Amer-
ican llymenoptera, on the same plan as ^IcIsJicimc/a (^tlcopfira^ Oaten
Sacken's Dipte.ra, and Morris's Lr'jmlajjffra , is very much wanted, and
would be of great assistance to the student, as a bases to work upon.

The descriptions of our Hymenoptera ai'e scattered through the Trans-
actions of learned Societies, Scientific Journals, Pamphlets and other pub-
lications difficult of access, and presenting a serious obstacle to any one
endeavouring to identify specimens.

Therefore, as it is not certain when the expected work of M.- Saiissnre,
on the IL/mcnopteru of North America, will appear, I propose to publish
in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society, a series of Catalogues
of our species, commencing with the Saw-flies, and to continue on with
a list of the other families, as my time will permit, or until Saussure's
work appears. This plan will enable the student to commence operations
forthwith, and may also be the means of encouraging others to study and
collect.

Many omissions will doubtless be found, owing either to the unaccessi-
bility of some publications, or to others having in some way escaped ob-
servation.

I have not attempted to determine the conflicting synonymes, either gen-
eric or specific, but have merely given the names, with references to the
original descriptions, and where figured.

The species within each genus, have been placed in alphabetical order,
so as to facilitate reference.

All species marked simply " America, " or those of which the locality
is unknown, have been omitted. In a few instances, I have included
European species, as they have been found in this country; in such cases,
reference to the authority is given.

I have considered it useful to include the species contained in Dr.
Harris's Catalogue of the insects of Massachusetts, many of which have
never been described, or have been so since, under other names, as may
be observed in the able paper of Mr. Edward Norton, on the genus AUan-
tus in the United States, published in the Journcd of the Boston Society/
of NatnraJ History, 1860. p. 236.

•>4 [August

Now as Mr. Norton has commenced the good work of monographino-
our species, it is to be hoped that every collector will realize the impor-
tance of extending to him every assistance and encouragement in their
power, so that he may be able to continue his useful labors.

The sooner this is done, the sooner our collections will be properly
named and classified.

Fam. TENTHREDINID^.

CIMBEX, Fabr.

americana, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 104. Georgia.

Dahlbomii, Gu/r. Cuvier. Icon. E^gne Animal, p. .398 ; Ins. tab. 64, fig. 1. N. Amer.

decem-maculata, Leach. Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. lOfi. Curtis, British Ento-
mology, vol. ], tab. 41. (Europe.) D' Urban, Zoologist, vol. 18, p. 7085. Canada.

Kirbyi, St. Farg. Hist. Nat. des Ins. Hym. vol. 4, p. 672; tab. 48, fig. 6. N. America.

Klugii, Leach. Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 105. Saint Domingo.

luctifera, Klug, Verhandlungen, p. 85. Georgia.

Mac-Leayi, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 103. Saint Domingo.

TJlmi, Perk, MSS. Emmons. Natural History of New York, Agriculture, vol. 5, p.
191 : tab. 26. fig. 11. United States.

TEICHIOSOMA, Leach,
triangulum, Kirhy. Fauna Boreali- Americana, vol. 4. p. 254. Canada.

ABIA, Leach.
Cerasi, Fifch. Third Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 67. N. York.

ACORDULECERA, Say.
dorsalis. Saj/. Ruston .Tournal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 210. Indiana.

HYLOTOMA, Latr.

abdominalis, Leach. Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 123. Georgia.

analis, Lcaeh, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 123. Georgia.

biramosa, Klug, Jahrbbcher der Insectenkunde, vol. 1, p. 242. Mexico.

calcanea, Snj/. Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 211. United States.

cocciuea, Fahr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 24. Carolina.

concinna, King, Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde, vol. 1, p. 246. Mexico.

dorsalis, Khig. .Tahrbiicher der Insectenkunde, vol. 1, p. 236. Mexico.

dulciaria, Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 314. North-west Territory.

erythrosoma, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 124. Georgia.

fusca, King. Jahrbiicher der Insectenkunde, vol. 1, p. 247. Mexico.

humeralis, Beauv. Ins. rec. Afr. et Am. p. 99; Hym. tab. 9, fig. 6. United States.

lepida, Klug. Jahrbiicher der Insectenkunde, vol. 1, p. 239. Mexico.

Mac-Leayi, Leach. Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3. p. 122. Georgia.

I5«il.] 80

pectoralis, Leach, Zo()logi<;al Miscellany, vol. :{, p. 124. North America?
poecila, Klug, .lahrbueher der Inseotoiikutido. vol. 1, p. 2.S9. Mexico.
procera, Klug, Jahrbiieher der Iiisectenkunde, vol. 1, p. 2'.\b. Mexico,
scutellata, Say, Boston .Journal of Xatiiral History, vol. 1, p. 211. United States,
versicolor, King. Jahrhucher der luseetenkunde, vol. 1, p. 240. Mexico.
zanthothorax, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 'A, p. 124. North America?

ATOMACERA, Say.

cellularis, Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 21.S. Indiana.
debilis, "S'ay. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 212. Indiana.

CRYPTUS, Leach.

Klugii, Lcarh, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 125. Georgia.

THULEA, &ii/.

nigra, -Vny. Boston .Tournal of Natural History, vol. ], p. 214. Mexico.

SCHIZOCERA, Latr.

calceola, Kni-ris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

SELANDRIA, Leach.

barda, Jfai-ris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
Cerasi, I'eck. Natural History of the Slug worm, Boston, 1799. Massachusetts.
halcyon, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
Uuglandis, Fitch, Third Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 149. N. Y,
pygmaea, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
Rosae, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 380. Massachusetts.
Vitis, Harris. Treatise on Insects, p. 378. Massachusetts.

ALLANTUS, Panz.

abdominalis, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, I860, p. 238. Conn,
albomaculatus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 256. Me. Conn,
angulifer, Xorfort, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 252. Me. N. H. N.Y.
apicalis, Sat/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 216. Indiana.
atroviolaceus, Harris, Catalogue. Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860,

p. 255. Maine, Massachusetts, and Connecticut,
bardus, Sa.t/. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 218. Indiana,
bicinctus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 241. United States,
bifasciatus, Saj/, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 72. Arkansas.
cestus, Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 216. United States.
coronatus, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
dejectus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, I860, p. 249. New York,
dissimilis, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 250. Nth. Illinois.
dubius, Harris, Catalogue. Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p.

241. Massachusetts.
epicera, l^ay, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 216. Indiana.
epinotus, Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 215. Indiana,
externus, Sai/, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 72. Missouri.
flavicoxae, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History. 1860, p. 258. Conn. Me.
flavolineatus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 259. Conn.
flavomarginis, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 254. Conn,

36 [August

goniphorus, S<ij/. Ro.-^fon .Tdiirnal of Natural History, vol. 1, ji. 2I.i. Indiana.
grandis, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, LS60. )). 2.S9. Connecticut.
incertus, Norton. Boston .Tournal of Natural History, 1S60. p. 25S. Connecticut.
intermedius, Norton. Boston .Totirnal of Natural History, 18(50, p. 242. Mass. Conn-
leucostoma, Kirhy, Fauna Boreali-Americana. vol. 4. p. 2ofi. America-borealis.
lobatus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History. 1860, p. 253. Connecticut.
marginicollis, JIa.rri.s, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
medius, Harri.^, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
melisoma, JLirri.^. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
mellinus, Harris. MSS. Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 248. Me.
mellosus, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 2.S7. Conn. Penn.
niger, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 2.39. Conn. Penn.
obesus, Sai/. Harris's Catalogue. JVbr/on, Boston .Journal of Natural History, 1860,

p. 260. Massachusetts.
pallipes, Sai/. Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 72. Missouri.
pannosus, Sa\/. Boston Journal of Natural Histor}', vol. 1, p. 217. Indiana,
piceocinctus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 249. New York.
pinguis, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 244. Conn. Mass.
rufescens, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 245. Maine.
rufocinctus, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 248. N. H. Conn.
rufopectus, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History. 1860, p. 255. Conn. Penn.
sambuci, Harri.^. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
signatas, Norton. Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 247. Maine,
tacitus, Sai/. Harris's Catalogue. Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860,

p. 246. Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
tardus, S'ai/. Harris's Catalogue. Norton, Boston .Journal of Natural History, 1860,

p. 246. Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
tricolor, Harri.t, M8S. Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 247. Me.
trisyllabus, Sat/, Harris's Catalogue. Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History,

IstlO, p. 2:^8. Massachusetts, and Connecticut,
trosulus, Sai/. Harris's Catalogue. Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860,

{>. 244. M.issachusetts, and Connecticut.
varius, Norton, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1860, p. 240. Connecticut,
ventralis, Sai/. AVestern Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 71. Arkansas.

TENTHEEDO, Linn.

articulata, King, (kmi-hytus) Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 284. Baltimore.

basilaris, Sai/, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2. p. 316. North-west Territory.

bicolor, Beauv. Ins. rec. Afr. et Am. p. 97; Hym. tab. 9, fig. 1. United States.

clavicomis, Fa.br. Entomologia Systematica, vol. 2, p. 108. North America.

cordigera, Beauv. Ins. rec. Afr. et Am. p. 97; Hym. tab. 9, fig. 4. United States.

femorata, Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, p. 920. Kirhy, Fauna Bor. Amer. 4, p. 254. Am. bor.

formosa, Khuj, (all.wtus) Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 115. Georgia.

labiata, Klvr/, (allantus) Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 73. Georgia.

litura, A7!t^, (ali.antits) Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 83. Georgia.

lucorum, Linn. Systema Naturfe, vol. 2, p. 921. Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana,

vol. 4. p. 225. America-borealis.
obtusa, King, (ai,i,anti:s) Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 55. Georgia.
proxima, King, (am-antus) Berlin Magazin, 1813, p. 130. Baltimore,
pulcbella, Kkig, (ai,lanti;s) Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 121. Georgia.
pygmaea, Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 318. United States.

isci.] :{7

rubiginosa, BcdKV. Ii>8. roc. Afr. et Anier. p. 98; Hym. tab. 9, fig. !>. United States.

rufipes, (Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 317. North-west Territory.

septentrionalis, Linn. Systoina Naturae, vol. 1. p. 926. Curtis, (cnfEsiis) British
Entomology, vol. 1, tab. 17. (Europe). Harris, (cn.e.siis) Catalogue of the In-
sects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Massachusetts.

terminalis, Sai/, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 318. United States.

thoracina, Beauv. Ins. rec. Afr. et Amer. p. 97; Hyni. tab. 9, fig. 3. United States.

unicolor, Beauv. Ins. rec. Afr. et Amer. p. 97 ; Hym. tab. 9, fig. 2. United States.

verticalis, *S'rt.v. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 317. North-west Territory.

DOSYTHEUS, Leach.
aprica, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

DOLEKUS, Jurine.

arvensis, Saj/, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 319. United States.
coUaris, Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 72. Missouri.
inornatus, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 319. United States.
sericeus, Say, Long'.s Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 320. United States.

EMPHYTUS, Leach.

aperta, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition, Mass.
mellipes, Harris, Catalogue of tlie Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
platycerus, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 220. Indiana,
recens, Say, Boston .lournal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 220. Indiana.
semicornis, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 220. Indiana.
tarsatus, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 219. Indiana.

NEMATUS, Jurine.

fulvipes, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
integer, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 218. Indiana.
labrata, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
longicornis, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 218. Indiana,
melanocephala, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
monochroma, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
pallicornis, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
stigmata, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
suratus, Fitch, Third Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 68. N. York,
ventralis, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 315. United States.
vertebratus, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 218. Indiana.

■ CLADITJS, Klug.
isomera, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

LOPHYRTIS, Latr.

Abbotii, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 120. Georgia.

abdominalis, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 315. North-west Territory.

Abietis, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 376. Massachusetts.

americanus, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 120. Georgia.

compar, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 121. Georgia.

Fabricii, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, vol. 3, p. 120. Georgia.

■{!^ [August

flavida, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
Lecontei, Fitch, Fourth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 58. N. York.

TARPA, Fabr.
scripta, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 312. Arkansas. N. W. Territory.

LYDA, Fabr.

amplecta, Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 46. Carolina.

calceata, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

circumcincta, Klug, Berlin Magazin, 1808, p. 279. Georgia.

maculiventris, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

ochrocera, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

ocreata, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 222. Indiana.

plagiata, King, Berlin Magazin, 1808, p. 278; tab. 7, fig. 6. Baltimore.

rufofasciata, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

tesselata, Klug, Berlin Magazin, 1808, p. 276; tab. 7, fig. 4. Georgia.

CEPHUS, Latr.

abbreviatus, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 314. Pennsylvania.
filicornis, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
heteropterus, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
integer, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
mexicanus, G-uerin, in Cuvier's Iconographie du Regne Animal, 3, p. 403. Mexico,
trimaculatus, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 313. Pennsylvania.

XYELA, Dalm.

ferruginea, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 310. Arkansas.

infuscata, Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

ADDITIONS.

The following species of Hylotoma (p. 34 ) , were accidentally omitted ;

HYLOTOMA, Latr.

miniata, King, Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 298. North America,
plumigera, Klug, Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 306. New York.
rubra, Klug. Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 299. New York.
sanguinea, Klug, Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 299. Georgia.
scapularis, Klug, Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 298. Baltimore.
virescens, Klug, Berlin Magazin, 1814, p. 296. Georgia.

isin.] ai)

Fam. UROCERID^.

XIPHYDRIA, Latr.

abdominalis, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 311. Pennsylvania,
albicornis, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 392. Massachusetts,
basalis, Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 222. Indiana,
maculata, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 221. Indiana,
mellipes, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 393. Massachusetts,
tibialis, Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 312. Pennsylvania.

SIREX, Linn.

albicornis, Fnhr. Entomologia Systematica, vol. 2, p. 127. Emmons, Natural His-
tory of New York, Agriculture, vol. 5, tab. .32, fig. 3 ( J ) . United States.

bizonatus, Stephens, British Entomology, vol. 7, p. 114; tab. 36, fig. 2. ( Europe ) .
Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, vol. 4, p. 256. Canada.

cinctus, Drury, History of Insects, vol. 2, p. 72 ; tab. 38, fig. 2. New York.

Columba, Linn. Systema Naturre, vol. 2, p. 929. Say, American Entomology, tab.
32. United States.

cyanea, Fabr, Entomologia Systematica, vol. 2. p. 127. North America.

dimidiatus, Westwood. D' Urban, Zoologist, vol. IS, p. 7085. Canada.

duplex, Shurkard. Magazine of Natural Historjs new series, vol. 1, p. 631. Ingpen,
Transactions Entomological Society of London, vol. 2. p. Ixxxii. Canada?

flavicornis, Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, vol. 2, p. 126. Labrador.

Juvencus, Linn. Systema Naturce, vol. 2, p. 929. Curtis, British Entomology, vol.
(i. tab. 253. (Europe) . Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, vol. 4 p. 257.

nigricornis, Fabr. Entomologia, Systematica, vol. 2, p. 125. North America.

Pennsylvanica, Degeer, Histoire des Insectes, vol. 3, p. 393, part 1, tab. 30, fig. 13.
Tnited States.

TJROCERTIS, Geoff.

abdominalis, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 392 {%) . Massachusetts,
nitidus, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 391 ( 9) • Massachusetts.

TREMIX, Jurine.

obsoletus. Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 73 ; American Entomology,

tab. 32. Missouri,
sericeus, Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 73; American Entomology,

tab. 32. Missouri.
Servillei, St. Farg. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, (Suites a Buffon)Hymenopteres,

vol. 4, p. 645 ; tab. 45, fig. 2. North America.

ORYSSUS, Latr.

affinis, Harris. Treatise on Insects, p. 394. Massachusetts.

haemorrhoidalis, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 394. Massachusetts.

maurus, Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 394. Massachusetts.

Sayi, Wisfwood, Zoological Journal, vol. 5, p. 440. Indiana.

terminalis, Xeivman, Entomological Magazine, vol. 5, p. 486. North America.

TERMS: ONP] DOIVL.VR VFAl ANNUM. TN ADVANCE.

PROCEEDINGS

v7JCi *At ■^^•K^

>?^5t

tiimitoiog

■ en B M Mq

OF PHILADELPHIA.

SEPTEMBER ^ND OCTOBER,

1861

PHILADELPHIA:

I'R.insrTEID FOR. THE S O C I E T "^.T.

fLjim.»tB

a^MMiBg^'fl will fBtwwiwiMfciuiU.pui«iaiiJT*JWP J '-11 rjBiiinMiii 11*1^1 t^yi'^-WM^w^Mifi

^tW ^^j^Waj^jWv SX)Uo^-

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.

Vol. 1. SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1861. No. 3.

STATED MEETING, September 9.

President Newman in the Chair.
Twelve members present.

report of committee.

The Committee on Dr. Horn's paper read August 12th, reported in fa-
vor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

donations, to cabinet.

40 specimens of Hemiptera , 22 Ilijmenoptera ^ and 5 Orthoptera^ pre-
sented by Dr. George H. Horn.

52 specimens of Coleoptera^ embracing many rare and beautiful species^
among which is a fine specimen of Cicindela ahdominalis Fabr., presented
by James H. B. Blaad.

22 specimens of Diptera, presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

4 specimens of Hijmenoptera, 1 Orthopte.ra, and 1 Coleoptera, present-
ed by William Evett.

Total. — 147 specimens.

donation to library.,

Proceedings of the Societi/ for June, Jidy and Awjunt, from the Publi-
cation Committee.

42 [Ski'Tkmbkk

written com m u n ication s.

A cuinmunication was read from Dr. Leconte anuuuiicing that during
the months of July and August, at Bedford Springs, in Bedford Co. Pa.,
he collected the following species of Coleoptera, of unusual occurrence :

Chlsenlus chlorophanus. Chlsenhts prasinus. Cerlius Ziegleri, Bry ax-
is longuhis. Batrisus globosus. Eitryuaa n. sp., and ffomalota? n. sp.,a.l\ in
the hills formed by a species of ant of a brown color, with a piceous abdo-
men. Bri/oporus . Rlii/asodes covjungens. Bdcanms tantiUus.

Helirhuti fa»tigiatus. Udirhiis ^/</ioj>At?».s, very abundant, flying at night;
and also under stones beneath the water of streams. Serica iricolor.
Cupes capitatu. Xyletinua n. sp. Trijpop)itys sericeus. Oligomerus er-
rnns. 3fi/odites fasciata, on Solidago. Brachy tarsus tomentosiis.

Also a communication from Mr. Newman, calling the attention of the
members to specimens of the larvse of Dryocampa imper talis, and Cerato-
ravipa rcgalis, exhibited by him this evening. The larvae of Dryocampa
imperialis varies very much in color, some being a beautiful green, and
others jet black. The perfect insect also varies, some specimens being
darker than others. He also states that he has bred 28 larvae of Cerato-
campa regalis, most of which have gone into the ground to transform, and
to appear as perfect insects in July next.

Also a communication from Mr. Bland, reporting the capture of the fol-
lowing Coleoptera: Cicindela ahdominalis was found running on a white
sandy road in Atlantic County, N. J., on the 4th of last month.

On the 2oth of August, in Camden County, N. J., he found Euryomia
inda abundant on Vernonia novemboracensis ; also Tritoma higuttata abun-
dant in fungi.

Mr. Bland also states that from his experience in collecting aquatic Co-
leoptera during the past two months, he has found the early part of Aug-
ust the best time. The plan he adopted was to gather the moss and weeds
from the sides of swamps, and wash them in a close muslin net. Collectors
will thus find their labors rewarded by many minute species which cannot
be otherwise obtained.

Also a communication from Mr. Cresson, stating his belief that there are
two broods of Sphyracrphala hrevicornis during the year. It suddenly
reappeared on the 20th of August in the same locality as before reported,
but on grass and weeds instead of skunk cabbage, which had disappeared.

The best time to collect them is at sundown, by sweeping with a net,
the grass and weeds growing in a damp and shady situation ; at this time
they are quite inactive and easy to capture.

The folluwing pajjer wuh presented for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled '' On the Cynipidje of the North American Oaks and their G-alls.-
by Baron R. Osten Sacken.

And was referred to a Committee.

Observations on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larvae and Fupas.
BY GEORGE H. HORN.

Fornax b a d i u s ,{3fels.) — Numerous specimens of the larv?e and pupae
of this insect were taken by me during the month of June. It lives in
the stumps of Oak trees which are undergoing a state of dry decay.

The larvae are very curious in their general appearance. Both ex-
tremities are very much flattened. The anterior is also obtusely pointed,
while the posterior extremity is broadly dilated. When about to assume
th3 pupa, it becomes doubled upon itself, becoming U-shaped. The lar-
va skin splits opposite thoracic portion of the pupa, and the pupa com-
mences to contract. The pupa measures in length about three-eights of
an inch while the larva is fully one inch long. It remains in pupa two
weeks. This insect like the genuine Elateridse, has the power of leaping
when placed on its back, it also makes the peculiar clicking sound when
the abdomen is held between the fingers.

My first specimens of this interesting larva were received from my
friend Mr. W. M. Gabb, to whom I am indebted for many interesting
specimens and much valuable information.

Orthostethus infuscatus, ( Germ.^ — I found the pupa of this insect
in the centre of a large decaying Chestnut log. Owing to some misman-
agement, I was unable to rear the specimen. Hence its periods have
not been observed.

Parandra brunnea, {Fahr.) — The larvae of this insect may be seen
in almost every locality in which decaying wood may be found. It ap-
pears to prefer Beech wood, at least I have always found greater num-
bers in that particular kind of wood. The larvas are at first very much
elongated, the head and thoracic segment being broad and flattened.

It finally contracts to about one half its former length, and becomes
thicker. As pupa it exists about two weeks.

Goes pulverulenta, (Ilald.) — This insect is very destructive to
living Beech trees. It bores into those branches which are about three

44 [OCTOBKH

inches in diameter. The length of its channel is about eight inches.

The specimens of wood containing this insect, were first obtained by
Mr. George Newman, from the neighborhood of Germantown.

Doryphora trimaculata, (^Fabr.) — The larvoe of this insect may be
taken during the latter weeks of July, and the early weeks of August,
feeding on the leaves of the Asclepias Phi/tiAaccoidcs. It is nearly hem-
ispherical in shape and of a light orange color, with the exception of the
thoracic portion which is nearly black. A row of black spots on each
side, marks the position of the spiracles. The pupoe require about a
week to perfect themselves.

STATED MEETING, October 14.

President Newman in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Baron Osten Sacken's paper read September 0th,
reported in favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

713 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by J. D. Wingate.
320 specimens of Coleoptera, presented by Henry Ulke.
12 specimens of Diptcra., presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson.
7 specimens of Diptera, presented by William Evett.

4 specimens of JTi/mrnojJtera, 3 Hcmipitera, and 8 Coleoptera, present-
ed by James H. B. Bland.

5 specimens of Lepidoptera, presented by George Hill.
5 specimens of Ijcpiduptera^ presented by Charles Wilt.
4 specimens of Coleoptera^ presented by Henry Feldman.

Total, — 1076 specimens.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Species general des Lepldopdhres^ Deltoides et Pyralltes. Par M. A.
Guenee. Paris, 1854.

Catalogue of British Lspidoptera in the Collection of the British Mus-

1861.] 45

eum. By James Francis Stephens. London^ 1856. Presented by J. W.
Wiedeincyer.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History^ Vol. ^^ pages
97 — 192. From the Society.

Prairie Farmer {Chicago, III.'), Vol. 8, Nos. 13 and 14. From the
Editors.

Catalogue of several genera of the Tenthredimdse in the United States.
By Edward Norton. Boston, 1861. From the Author.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A communication was read from Mr. Bland, reporting the captive of
the following Coleoptera since the 1st instant: — Cychrus stenostomus in
rotten logs. Oxyporus major, Oxyporus lateralis, and Cryptohium bicolor
in fungi. Necrophorus velutinus under carrion at Schuylkill Heights.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Micro-Lepidopterous Larvee. Notes on a few species, the images
of which, are probably undescrlbed, by Brackenridge Clemens, M. D."

And was referred to a Committee.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION.

Mr. Bland called the attention of the members to specimens of Pytho
niger presented by him this evening. The}' were taken near Stroudsburg,
Pa., during the last week of September, under the bark of Pine logs; they
can be taken later in the season, as many were observed to be in the pupa
state at that time. The specimens were collected by Mr. C. F. Parker,
and until now, have been rarely observed.

PROPOSALS AND ELECTIONS.

Propositions No. 47 and 49 for membership were read.

The following gentlemen were then elected Correspondents, viz :-
Stephen Calverley, of Brooklyn, New York.
Edward Norton, of Farmington, Connecticut.
A. S. Packard, Jr., of Brunswick, Maine.
Benjamin D. Walsh, of Rock Island, Illinois.
William LeBai-ou, M. D., of Geneva, Kane Co. Illinois.
Isaac A. Pool, of Chicago, Illinois.
Samuel H. Scudder, of Boston, Massachusetts.

The f(ill<iwii)g reports, made by members, of captures of insects, were
iread before the Society at various times before the commencement of pub-
lication, and are now ordered to be published:-

46 [OCTOBKK

Commuuicatiou from Mr. Ridings, read August 9th 1859, reporting the
capture of the following Coleoptera in Northern Virginia during July :-

Dijndstcs Titi/iiH^ was found abundantly on the limbs of the Ash tree,
on the last day of July, near the banks of the Shenandoah River, a short
distance from Front Royal, in Warren County. Also Cjchru^ Andrcwsi!^
Cijchrus viduus, and Nomaretus n. sjj.,^ under stones on the Alleghany
Mountains in Hampshire County.

Communication from Mr. Cox, read September 26th 1859, reporting the
capture of the following Coleoptera in the vicinity of Lewistown, Mifflin
County, Pennsylvania, during the summer of 1859 :-

Pasimachus depressus. Dicselns dilatatus. Temnoch'du virescens. Holo-
lejyta fossalai'u. Aranfhocerus apJiodioides. Osvioderma scabrmn. Tivh-
ius bdjens. Adelocera impressicollis. Alaus niyops. Scricosomns sUaccus.
Dotopinx ohhniqiroHis. MegapcnthcH limhalis. Lndiux attemiatus. Ancij-
lochira fasvlatu. Aiici/Iochiru lineata. Ptoshna gihhicolUs. Tricliodes api-
vorus. Dorcaschema nigrum. Toxofus cylindricoUis. Toxotus vittiger.
GlyptosceltH liirta. Cassida cruciata.

Communication from Mr. Bland, read October 24th 1859, reporting
the capture of the following Coleoptera :-

On May 29th, at Chester, Pa., found 8 specimens of Listroderes

on the plantain, at the junction of the stem and the root.

On June 5th, captured specimens of Cisfela eryihropteva on the blos-
soms of the Tulip-poplar; also Lehia viridis, Lehia ornata, Lehia vittata,
and Lehia srapularis, collected with the beating net.

On October 2nd, obtained specimens of 3Ionoci-epidius hdlus and Mon-
ocrepidius auritus under stones on hill-sides facing south and east; also
found specimens of Conoirachelus in abundance on newly cut tim-
ber.

Communication from Mr. William S. Wood, read November 12th 1860,
reporting that he observed the larvae of Safuniin maia Drury, in broods
of 50 to 75 in each, feeding on the scrubby oak near the sea shore; they
feed together until the third changing of their skins when they commenced
to scatter. They went into the ground on the last of August, 1859, and
became a perfect insect on October 10th 1860.

* This species has since been described and figured by Dr. Horn in the Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Vol. 8, jj. 669, tab. 8,
fig. 1. as Nomnretvs imperfcctus.

ISOl.] 47

On the CYNIPIDiE of the North Americau Oaks aud their Galls.
BY BAHON 11. OST£N SACKEN.

The study of the galls or deformations produced by insects on different
plants, is one of the most interesting subjects in entomology and this
interest belongs especially to the numerous and varied galls produced by
the Ci/ni))i(hv, principally on the oak. Still, the difficulties attending the
study of the habits of the Ci/mpidse are so great, the peculiarity and, I
may say, the intricacy of these habits is so extraordinary, that the most
important questions concerning them remain as yet unsolved. This is so
true that it is not yet positively known, for instance, whether a consider-
able portion of the species of Ct/nipidse have any males or not, or what
their mode of reproduction is.

The chief reason of the difficulty of this study is the close and pei'sistent
observation of natui'e it requires. Here, it is not sufficient to collect at
random, in order to work out at leisure the materials thus obtained ; here
one has to watch the growth of the gall on the tree for weeks and months;
in order to be enabled to make certain observations, one is bound to a cer-
tain season of the year and a certain locality and if the season is missed or
the locality cannot be reached at the requisite time, one has to wait a year
before the observations can be renewed. Few entomologists are so favor-
ably situated as to pui'sue a study of this kind for a sufficiently long period
of time and with such success, as to give the results thus obtained a shape
of relative completeness and the knowledge of the galls of Cynipidx would
make but little progress, if the gradual accumulation of single and scat-
tered observations of different observers did not supply in some measure
the place of a persistent and systematic study. Such scattered observa-
tions are therefore of the greatest value and entomologists cannot be too
much encouraged to publish them, or to communicate them to others for
publication. The value of such single observations depends chiefly on
their accuracy ; that is, the observer must see well and render onh/
what he Jias !<een ; a condition much more difficult to comply with, in
matters of natural history especially, than is usually imagined.

The aim of the present article is to publish certain observations which
the author may not be in a position to continue. At the same time, a
synopsis of the previous observations on the North American oak-galls
is given.

One of the difficulties which obstruct the study of the Ci/nipi(hv is the
imperfection of their classification. Notwithstauding the great difference
in their habits, the variety in the structural characters seems to be very
limited. Up to the present time the chief stress has been laid on char-

48 [OCTOBKR

acters of a very indefinite nature, namely, the comparative length of the
second and third segments of the body and the relative length of the rad-
ial area.

Hartig, the monographist of the family, ( Ueber die Familie der Gall-
wespen in Germar's Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, Vol. II, and Supple-
ments in Vol. Ill and IV) has published a mere sketch of a classifica-
tion, promising at the same time to issue a more detailed work, which
however has never been published. Thus, the genera he has established
remain very insufliciently defined and are difficult to recognize. I have
been hardly able to place a few of the species in my possession in the
new genera of Hartig, which circumstance may be only partly accounted
for by the peculiarity of the american fauna.

Hartig's principal divisions are these :

A. Second (*) abdominal segment longer than the others. {Cynipidx.')
I. Radial area narrow ; areolet opposite its base.

II. Radial area broad, short ; areolet opposite its middle.

B. Third (*) abdominal segment longer than the others. {Figitidx.')

C. Segments of the abdomen of equal length. (Genus Ibalia, also be-

longing to Fiyitidse.?)

In the recently published monograph of the Figitidse by Mr. Reinhardt
(Berl. Entom. Zeitchr. 1860) he modifies the characters of the Figifidse
by saying : second segment of the abdomen shorter than half its length.

Accordingly, the character of the Cj/ni'pidse would be : second segment
etc, longer than half its length. Ibalia Latr., Mr. Reinhardt separates
as a distinct family, Ihaliidsc Blanch.

The further subdivision into genera is based principally on the sculp-
ture of the body and the number of joints of the palpi. As stated above,
I have not been able to place most of my species in these genera, and
have confined myself therefore to indicating to which of the three groups,
or sections of the first group they belong. The two sections of the group
A ( Cynipides) are easy enough to distinguish by the form of the radial
area and the position of the areolet ; still there are cases in which this dis-
tinction even is difficult to make.

In my descriptions I have tried therefore to supply my inability to define
the genus of most of my species by a careful description of those parts of
the body (neuration, relation of the segments of the abdomen, structure

* Instead of second and third segment, Hartig calls them ^/irst and second. But
in reality, the anterior portion of the abdomen forming a narrow neck or petiole
is the first segment. I have followed the more correct terminology in my deg-
eriptioas.

18G1.] 4S

and number of joints of the antennjo), which are important for classification

Another division, introduced by Hartig is based upon the habits of the
insect only, without a corresponding structural character to distinguish them.

Almost all the insects of Section I (with a narrow radial area and basal
areolet) and some of Section II, (with a short, broad radial area and inter-
mediate areolet) are called by him true gall-Jliea CFsenidcs), they being
the originators of the galls A part of the Cynipidtc of Section II, and a
few of Section I, are mierdy parasites in the galls produced by the gall-
flies of the first division. Ilartig calls them Inqidlinse,. A third division
(called the parasites by Hartig) is formed of the rest of Section II and
the whole group of Ficjitidae.. " The habits of this division, says Hartig,
are little known ; some, as Xjjstus Ilartig (^Allotria Westw.) live parasiti-
cally in Aphides; others in larvae of diptei'a."

That these differences exist in nature is certain; but a great deal remain?*
to be done yet before attempting a natural distribution of the known gen-
era and species on this basis. It seems hardly probable for instance that
species of the same genus (as stated by Hartig about Neurvterus), should
sometimes be true gall-producers, sometimes parasites.

It will be seen below that I have reared from galls several species, the
characters of which are those of Figitidee and which ought therefore to
belono; to the first or second and not to the third of Hartif-'s divisions,
where the Figitidse are placed. Again about the true relation of the Jn-
quiUnse to the Fseiiides, their food, the mode of introducing their eggs in-
to foreign galls etc., nothing is known and 7wt a single direct observation
seems to be extant. The fact of their parasitism is thei'efore merely infer-
red from the circumstance of their having been reared from the same galls.

Another unsettled and greatly vexed question with reference to gall-flies
is that of their sexes. According to Hartig, all gall-flies of the second
and third division (Inquilinpe and Farasites) and some of the Fseni<les,
(the gen^era Trigonasjns^ Spathegaster^ Teras and Andricus) occur in both
.sexes. The remainder of the Fsenides (the genera Ci/nips and ApophijJ-
lus Hartig, Syn. Biorhiza Westw.) are known in the female sex only.

Neuroterus has again an intermediate position; those species of this gen-
us which are gall-producers, were known to Hartig in the female sex only,
whereas he possessed a male of one of the species belonging to the luqifil-
inse..

Hartig says that he examined at least 15,000 specimens of the genus
Cynips, as limited by him, without ever discovering a male. To the same
purpose he collected about 28,000 galls of Cynips divisa and reared 9 to
10 thousand Cynijjs from them; all were females. Of ('. folii likewise
he had thousands of specimens of the female sex without a single male.

50 [October

Hartig observes that if these insects had been obtained by catching,
the absence of the males might be explained by their escaping, in some
way or other, our prosecution ; but, says he, this supposition is not admiss-
ible for insects obtained by rearing; he was compelled to conclude, there-
fore, that these insects were agamous, or, in other words, that the males
did not exist at all.

In a communication made to the Academy of Sciences in Philadel-
phia and which is published in its Proceedings (July, 1861), I have re-
ported on an observation, which, if confirmed, would solve the question
of the sexes of Ct/nipidse. From a singular, spindle-shaped gall on the
red oak, I reared a male Cynijn which is very similar to the gall-fly of
the common oak-apple of the red oak, C^mps confluent Harris, known in
the female sex only and looks exactly as one might suppose the % Cj/nip^
conjiuens, if known, ought to look. If it is proved that the Gynips of the
spindle-shaped gall is the male of the Ot/nlps of the oak-apple, and if it is
shown, by further observation, that in the genera, supposed agamous by
Hartig, the males produced from galls are different from those of the females,
then it will be plain how 28,000 galls of the same kind could give lO.UOU
females and not a single male.

A strong proof in confirmation of my assertion is, that in those genera,
the males of which are known, both sexes are obtained from galls in al-
most equal numbers, even the males, not unfrequently, predominate in num-
ber (see Hartig, 1. c. IV, 399). Now the gall-flies reared by me fi-om the oak
apple were all females; Dr. Fitch also, had only females; and Mr. B. D.
Walsh, in Hock Island, 111., reared (from oak-apples of a different kind)
from 85 to 40 females, without a single male. This leads to the conclu-
sion that the Cynipes of the oak-apples belong to the genera hitherto sup-
posed to be agamous. If the characters of Ilartig's subdivisions were giv-
en more in detail, the simplest way of testing the question would, of course,
be found in those characters; they would decide at once whether Ci/nips
conjiuens really belongs to Hartig's agamous genera and whether the dis-
covery of a male is a novelty in science or not.

I will state some other questions, deserving the especial attention of
future observers.

Most of the gall-flies always attack the same kind of oak ; thus the gall
of (J. seminator Harris, is always found on the white oak; ('. tuhicola 0. S.
on the post oak etc. Still some galls of the same form occur on different
oaks; a gall closely resembling that of V. qiirrcus (jf<jl>u/iis Fitch, of the
white oak occurs also on the post oak and the swamp chestnut oak; a gall
very similar to the common oak-apple of the red oak <iceurs on the l)lack-
jack oak etc. Are such galls identical, that is. are they produced by a

1S(U.] 51

;;;ill-Hy of the same kind? I have not been able to investii;ate tliis ques-
tion sufficiently. Again, if the same gall-fly attacks different oaks, may
it not, in some cases, produce a slightly different gall ? It will be seen
below that C. quercns futilis, I'nmi a leaf-gall on tlie white oak, is very like
(\ quercns papillafa from a leaf-gall on the swamp chestnut oak; I could
Milt perceive any difference, except a very slight one in the coloring of the
feet. "Both gall-flies may belong to the same species and although the
galls are somewhat different, they are, in some respects analogous and might
})e the produce of the same gall-fly on two different trees.

Some gall-flies appear very early in the season; Ci/nips quercusjxdusfris
for instance emerges from its gall before the end tf May; these galls are
the earliest of the season ; they grow out of the buds and appear full-grown
before the leaves are developed. May not this gall-fly have a second gen-
eration and if it has, may not the gall of this second generation be differ-
ent from the first, produced, as it would be, under different circumstances,
in a more advanced season, perhaps on leaves instead of buds etc. ?

A remarkable fact is the extreme resemblance of some of the parasitica
gall-flies with the true gall-fly of the same gall. Thus, Ci/nipt^ q./utilis
O. S.,is strikingly like Aylax? futili)<, the parasite of its gall. The com-
mon gall on the blackberry stems produces two gall-flies which can hardly
lie told apart at first glance, although they belong to different genera.

I have said enough to show the great interest of the study of the habits
of gall-flies and will conclude now by giving some necessary explanations
about the terms used in my paper.

The terminology of the neuratiou of the wing which I have used, is
that of Hartig. I call suhcosfal vein the first longitudinal vein below the
anterior margin; its tip, joining this margin, forms an obtuse angle with
the remainder of the vein. The radud vein begins at the triangular areo-
/'■/ in the middle of the wing and runs obliquely towards the anterior mar-
gin, which it reaches about midway between the tip of the subcostal and
the apex of the wing. The area enclosed between this vein, the anterior
margin and the tip of the subcostal is the nulial area. Sometimes the
subcostal, instead of stopping at, or just below, the anterior margin, is con-
tinued along that margin till it reaches the tip of the radial vein ; in this
case, the radial area is closed. The areolct is connected with the angle
or knee of the subcostal by a vein which Hartig considers as a part of the
radial vein, (he calls it the lower radius) and which Dr. Fitch calls the
srroiid transverse vein. I have used the latter name. This vein is im-
portant, as on its length and direction depends the form of the radial area,
on which, as we have seen above, is based the division of the Ci/nipidse
in two sections. In the first section, the areolet is nearly opposite the tip

52 [October

of the subcostal vein; the second transverse vein is then short and fre-
quently angular; the radial area is elongated. In the second section, the
areolet is beyond the tip of the subcostal vein; this makes the second
transverse vein longer and more oblique and that the radial area more
or less triangular. The areolet is frequently indistinct, sometimes absent.

The hasal vein of Hartig or ihe first transverse vein of Fitch, is a stout,
always very distinct vein near the base of the wing, starting from the sub-
costal and running a certain distance across the wing. The cubitus is a
pale, frequently obsolete vein, which starts from the hasal vein touches
the areolet and disappears long before reaching the posterior margin.

The last longitudinal vein, nearest to the posterior margin. I call the
anal vein.

The literature of the North American galls is not abundant. Bosc
was the first who described 16 galls from Carolina as stated by Mr. West-
wood (Introd. II, p. 131). Having been unable to find the work of Bosc
in this country, I made an efi'ort to obtain an abstract from Europe; but
thus far I have failed.

Dr. Harris, in his Treatise on the Insects of New England injurious to
vegetation, has described the galls of C^nips confluens, C. nulilipennis,
and C. seminator.

Dr. Fitch (Reports etc. Vol. II) described and figured quite a number
of oak-galls, illustrating them in his usual popular and highly attractive
manner.

All the galls, described below, have been found in the environs of Wash-
ington, unless otherwise mentioned. Besides the gall-flies {Psemdes, In-
quilinx, and Parasites^, numerous other hymenopterous parasites have been
reared from the galls; but their description is reserved for some future oc-
casion.

The number of galls recorded in this paper can be but a very incon-
siderable fraction of the total number of the oak-galls of this country; and
the history of many of these even is but imperfectly known.

I would be very thankful to all entomologists or observers of nature who
would communicate me their observations.

R. OSTEN SACKEN.

Washington, D. C.
Russian Legation,
August 25, 1861.

180 1.] 53

Synopsis op the Oak-galls.

I. Ou leaves.

A. Formations of a definite, constant form, fastened to the leaf by a very
small portion of their surface (except No. 10) and lohich can he
taken off without carryhifj a portion of the leaf with 'them; fasten-
ed (except No. 7 and 8) to the underside of the leaf.

Globular galls, consisting of a smooth shell with a single kernel
in the centre ; the space between both being filled with a spongy,
or cellular substance, or with filaments radiating from' the ker-
nel to the shell.
With the spongy substance; diameter of the gall about l.n.

1. Red oak; gall of Cynips conjluens, Harris.

Black oak; ") analogous galls; gall-fly also very siin-

Black-jack oak; j ilar; is it different ?
With the cellular substance; diameter of the gall 0.15 — 0.2.

2. Live-oak; gall-fly unknown.
With the filaments.

Diameter about an inch ; filaments not very dense, without
silky gloss.

3. Red oak; gall-fly unknown, perhaps C. conjluens Fitch

(non Harris).
Diameter three quarters of an inch or less; filaments silky.

4. Post oak; Cynips quercus centricola. 0. S.

Subglobular galls with a thick hard shell and with a network of
lines on the surface; diameter 0.25 — 0.4.

5. White oak; Cynips qiiercus p)isum Fitch.

Cylindrical, tubular gall, with spines on the outside.

6. Post oak; Cynips quercus tuhicola 0. S.

Spindle shaped, petiolate galls, the petiole being the prolonga-
tion of one of the leaf- veins ; frequently on the edge of the leaf.

7. Red oak; Cynips quercus coelehs 0. S. (the supposed

male of C. conjluens Harris.)

8. White oak; Cynips quercus fusiformis O. S.

Wooly excrescences.

Rounded, wart-like; apparently with a single kernel.

9. Post oak; Cynips quercus verrucarum 0. S.

White oak; ■» distinct from the former; gall

Swamp chestnut oak; J flies unknown.

54 [October

Irregular, with numerous seed-like kernels.

10. WLiite oak; Cynips qiterciis lanse Fitch.
Post oak; gall-fly unknown.

A A. Galls more or less intimately connected with the substance of the leaf,
projecting generally on both its sides (except No. 17), they cannot
therefore be detached without carrying a portion of the leaf with
them.
On buds or very young leaves.

Grlobular, hollow gall, with a single, whitish, cocoon-like kernel,
rolling freely about within the shell.

11. Pin oak; Cj/nips qucrcus piduatrls 0. S.
Similar galls on other oaks.

On the blade of the leaf.
With a sinole kernel.

Globular, of the size of a hazelnut or grape, a third of the
sphere projecting on the upper side of the leaf and the re-
mainder opposite, on its underside.

12. Red oak; Cynips nuhillpennis Harris.

With two and three kernels.

Rounded on both sides of the leaf.

13. White oak; Cynips qxiercus futilin 0. S.
Nipple-shaped, with a reddish aureole on the underside of

the leaf.

14. Swamp chestnut oak; Cynlpi^ (picrcmpapWata O.S.
With a variable number of kernels or cells ; gall varying in size

and form accordingly.

Irregular, flattened gall of a cellular substance ; surface un-
even and microscopically hirsute.

15. Post oak; Cynips qiiemts irrcgnlaris 0. S.
Irregular, small, hard gall, abruptly rising on the upperside

of the leaf, somewhat subconical on the opposite side.

16. Red oak; Cyiilpa quercus modesta 0. S.

( )n the midrib of the leaf.

Swelling of the midrib on the underside of the leaf

17. Black-jack oak; Cynips quernis nigne. O. S.
Red oak; similar swelling; gall-fly unknown.

Woody, rounded or club-shaped gall on the leaf stalk, at the or-
igin of the leaf, or on the midrib, near the basis of the leaf.

18. Swamp chestnut oak; gall-fly unknown.

ISGl.]

55

11. Ou limbs, twigs, etc.

A. Formations of a different substance than the limb, which can be
taken off without carrying a portion of the limb with them.

Globular, corky galls with a single kernel.

19. White oak; Ci/nips quercus t/hhulits Fitch.

Post oak; ) ,, ^. ,

^ ' - ^ gall-flies unknown.

fewamp chestnut oak ; )

Oblong, smooth gall, spongy inside; single kernel.

20. Spanish oak; gall-fly unknown.

Wooly mass, surrounding the twig and containing very num-
erous seed-like kernels.

21. White oak; Ci/nips seminator Harris.

Bladder-like, hollow galls, packed together in numbers round
the limb.

22. White oak; Ci/nips quercus fieus Fitch.

AA. Swellings of the limbs, twigs, leafstalks, which cannot be detach-
ed without breaking the limb.

At the tip of limbs and twigs.

23. Willow oak; Cynips quercns 2JhelIos 0. S.

24. White oak ; Cijnips quercux arhos Fitch.

25. White oak ; gall-fly unknown, perhaps identical with

the preceding.

Distant from the tip of limbs or twigs.

26. White oak; Cynips quercus hatatus Fitch.

27. White oak; Cynips quercus 'tuber Fitch. (*)

* The singular woody knots, emitting pale yellow, conical, brittle projections,
which occur in great numbers on the pin oak, if they are produced by a Cynips,
should be referred to this section.

56 [October

1. QUERCUS RUBRA. Red Oak. Large^ smooth, glohular gall on the
leaves, filled, when ripe, with a hrown, spongy mass. Diameter about 1.5.
Cynips confluens Harris.

It is described by Dr. Harris (Treatise etc. p. 433).

These galls are more than one inch, sometimes almost two inches in di-
ameter. '• They are green and somewhat pulpy at first, says Dr. Harris,
but when ripe, they consist of a thin and brittle shell, of a dirty drab color,
enclosing a quantity of brown, spongy matter in the middle of which is a
woody kernel about as big as a pea. A single grub lives in the kernel, be-
comes a chrysalis in the autumn, when the oak-apple falls from the tree,
changes to a fly in the spring and makes its escape out of a small round
hole which it gnaws through the kernel and shell. This is probably the
usual course, but I have known the gall-fly to come out in October."

I am more inclined to agree with Dr. Fitch who supposes that there are
annually two generations of this fly. They are not rare around Washing-
ton, but I have never found them so abundantly as they seem to occur in
other localities. On the first of June I found balls of this kind already rip-
ened, measuring one inch and a half in diameter, of the usual drab color
and somewhat greenish only at its base. One of them, which I opened
contained a larva. On the 13th of June another gall was opened, it con-
tained the perfect insect, but with wings yet wet and folded and evidently
not quite ready to escape.

On examining the specimens of this gall in my collection, I notice two
varieties of it. The one, the surface of which is glossy, occurs on the smooth
leaves of the red oak; the other, with a more opaque, almost downy surface,
always occured on tomentose leaves. I am unable to tell at present from
what kind of oak the latter leaves were taken and hence, whether the gall
is a different one or only a variety. I know that the same gall is said to
occur on the black oak ( Q. tinctorial ; I found a similar one on the black-
jack oak {Q. nigra) and by cutting it open, obtained a gall-fly closely re-
sembling C. confluens. But it would require a larger number of specimens
to settle the question of their identity or diversity.(*)

* My manuscript was already presented to the Entomological Society, when I
received from Mr. Benj. D. Walsh in Eock Island, 111., two specimens of a gall-fly,
which he had reared abundantly from a gall answering exactly Dr. Harris's des-
crijjtion of the gall C confluens. He took these specimens for the true C. confluens,
in which I cannot agree with him, as the words of Dr. Harris's description (''head
and thorax with little pits") do not answer to them. It seems to be therefore a
diflerent kind of gall, very like the preceeding, but producing a very different in-
sect, as the 9 has 14-jointed, and not 13-jointcd antennte. I add the description of
this Cy7ii]>s as follows :

C. aciculata n. sp. 9 • — Black; antennse 14-jointed, pitch-black: face pubescent.

1861.]

r)(

The insect of this gall is :

Ct/nips confluens Harris. 9 " Head and thorax black with numerous lit-
tle pits and short hairs; the hind body is smooth and of a shining^]»itch col-
or; the legs are dull brownish-red and the fore wings have a brown spot
near the middle of the outer edge ; length 0.25; exp. of wings 0.6." (from
Harris's description). My specimens measure 0.21. To my knowledge,
females only have been found and described.

The male, either of this species, or of C. qacrcux. iiiauis (No. 3), has been
reared by me from the spindle-shaped gall, described under No. 7 (C. ijiirr-
cus coelehs 0. S.).

From the oak-apple I have also reared the following fly. belonging to the
section of Liqnt'/iiix Hartig. I am not certain about the genus, but place it
under the head of Sj/itoj'/'i''^'^ Hartig on account of the structure of its abdo-
men. (Yet it is to be observed that Si/nojihrus is located by Hartig among
the true gall-flies.)

Synophrus'? laeviventris n. sp. — Head reddish-brown, vertex darker, anteuiiic
brownish-yellow, 14-jointed ( 9 )• thorax black, moderately glossy, finely punctate,
slightly pubescent; scutellum gibbous, with a recurved, elevated margin and slight-
ly reddish at tip; pleurae black, punctate anteriorly, polished and glossy under the
insertion of the wing, aciculate below; abdomen shining, chestnut-brown or l)la<^k.
paler below, consisting apparently of a single segment, all the following being con-
cealed under this ; its anterior portion or neck is tumid and striate ; feet brownish
yellow, tips black, hind femora sometimes infuscated ; wings hyaline, veins pale,
radial area closed by the prolongation of the subcostal vein along the anterior mar-
gin of the wing; cubital vein very slender, almost obsolete; areolet small. Lengtli
0.07.

2. QuERCUS VIRENS. Live Oak. Smali^ghhular galls on the uruh'isf'df
of the leaf. Diameter 0.15 — 0.2.

Pale brownish when ripe ; filled inside with a spongy, cellular mass.
which is more dense than that of the preceding gall and not unlike the

with numerous, dense little grooves (as if scratched with a needle) converging from
the eyes towards the mouth; vertex with dense little pits and wrinkles. Thorax
finely pubescent, with a distinct, flat, longitudinal furrow in the middle and on
both sides with numerous little grooves, similar to those of the head, running oli-
liquely towards the central furrow; pleurse with dense longitudinal grooves; scut-
ellum with two large, flat pits at the basis, a longitudinal groove in the middle and
numerous little pits on both sides. Abdomen pitch-black, shining, with an ex-
tremely minute, microscopical punctation near the hind margin of the segments,
but not quite reaching this margin, which is smooth : feet brownish-red, coxa? black ;
last joint of the tarsi infuscated; wings with a dark brown spot at the basis of tin-
radial area; tijDS of the veins not reaching the margin of the wing; areolet trian-
gular, distinct. Length 0.25.

Besides the 14-jointed antennre, the more distinct areolet, the aciculated thoi-ax
etc., this species is distinguished from C. confluens by tlie form of its abdomen,
which is less rounded above and more abruptly truncated behind.

58 [October

])ith of a reed in texture. Single kernel in the centre.

I am indebted for these pretty galls to Dr. Foreman, who brought them
from Georgia, and although I do not know the fly, I have no doubt, from
the structure of the gall, that it is the produce of a Cynips.

:->. QuKRCUS RUBRA. Red Oak. Large., amootJi, glohular hroictiisli-yeJ-
lotr ijidl., attached to the underside of the leaves, Inside with whitish., deli-
rate filaments 1'adiating from the kernel to the shell. Diam. about an inch.

Very like gall No. 1, at first glance, but smaller, the specimens in my
possession measuring an inch or a little more in diameter. It is also fas-
tened to the leaf by a small point of its surface. The outside of this gall
shows no other difference from the oak-apple of the red oak but the size.

The inside on the contrary distinguishes them at once; instead of the
spongy, brown mass with which the other gall is filled, this one is almost
empty, the kernel being kept in its central position by a certain number
of whitish filaments which radiate from it to the shell. I have found
several specimens of this gall near Washington, without obtaining the
insect.

My attention has been called by Mr. B. D. Walsh, to the fact that this
gall has been erroneously taken by Dr. Fitch (Reports, Vol. II, No. 317) for
ronfiuens Harris. Judging from some expressions in Dr. Fitch's description,
it may really be so. In this case, the insect described by Dr. Fitch as
( '. ronfiuens would be a new species, very like the former; for which I
propose the name of C^nijjs quercus inanis (Syn. C. ronfiuens Fitch, non
Harris). In the same case, I would be much inclined to think that my
C. quercus coelebs is the male, not of C. ronfiuens Harris, but of C. quercus
inanis.

4. Quercus OBTUSILOBA. Post Oak. Smooth^ (jhhular g<dl, attached
to tile underside of the leaves., inside with dense., white, silky filaments radi-
ating from the kernel to the shell. Diameter three-quarters of an inch
in- less. Cynips quercus centricola 0. S.

Easily distinguished from the two preceding by its smaller size, and
its more even surface. The inside is very like that of the preceding gall,
only the white filaments are much more numerous and dense and have a
silky gloss. In autumn I found these galls brownish-yellow, with num-
ennis pale, or brown or reddish spots; in winter the dry galls are of a uni-
form color, not unlike that of yellow peas.

Cynips quercus centricola n. sp. 9 — Head black, opaque, finely pubescent with-
out any visible punctation; palpi pale brown, black at tip; antennje 14-jointed;
first joint of the flagellum longer than the two basal joints taken together; the fol-
lowing joints gradually decreasing in size; the six last joints very short; thorax

1861.] 50

black, opaque, finely pubescent with yellowish; two distinct, longitudinal furrows
start from the shoulders and converge towards the scutellum: between them two in-
distinct, glabrous, somewhat concave lines, reaching from the collare to about half
the distance towards the scutellum; on each side, between the furrow and the base
of the wing, there is a smooth, shining, glabrous stripe, distinctly concave at its
anterior end, which is very near tlie furrow, without however touching it: the inter-
val between the furrows is finely and sparsely jinnctate, which jjunctation is some-
what concealed by the appressed pubescence; scutellum somioval, iinely chagreen-
ed and pubescent, the pubescence converging towards a longitudinal, ecnfral line;
the two pits, usually found at the basis of the scutellum, are flat, roughly sculptur-
ed at the bottom; on each side of them there is a tuft of short, yellowish hairs; ab-
domen dark brown, shining, finely pubescent on both sides at the basis: posterior
margin of the second segment very oblique, the segment being much broader on
its dorsal than on its ventral side; feet black, more or less reddish-brown at the troc-
chanters, the knees and the basal joints of the tarsi, especially of the two anterior
pairs; wings: basal, subcostal, radial and second transverse veins very. stout, dark
brown, almost black; the radial one slightly arched, its tip incrassated, almost club-
shaped; second transverse vein very stout, angular; areolet distinct, triangular; cu-
bital vein distinct before and beyond the areolet, running, from it in a straight line
and without decreasing at all in distinctness towards the posterior margin and stop-
ping at a short distance before it: anal vein likewise straight and distinct; it has a
brown cloud a short distance beyond the basal vein : another small brown cloud is in
the corner formed by the radial and the cubital vein, just beyond the areolet and a
couple of irregular brown marks towards the tij? of the wing. Length about 0.17.
I have obtained the only specimens I possess by cutting the gall open
(in October).

5. QuERCUS ALBA. White Oak. " Globular (/all, resevthlinij <i pea.
its su7-f ace finely netted loitlt fiamrcs or cracks and intervening elevated
points, like tlie surface of a straicherri/, oh the underside of the lefrres."
(A. Fitch, Reports, Vol. II. No. 310. with a figure). Cymi'S quercus
PISUM Fitch.

I found these galls internally exactly as Dr. Fitch describes them, with
two cavities, divided by a thin partition. On the 2ord of June they were
lemon-yellow, reddish on one sidej the larvfe were very small. In autumn
the dry galls have the color of a dead leaf and preserve their shape very
well on account of their thick, woody shell.

The fly obtained by me from these galls is evidently different from that
described by Dr. Fitch. The latter seems to be the true originator of the
gall, whereas mine is very likely a parasite. INly specimen, apparently a
male, has li-jointed antennte (Dr. Fitch's C. quercus jri^um. has 15 and
13 joints), and on account of the structure of its abdomen belongs to the
Fi(jitidae. The characters of the genus Sarothrus as given by Mr. Kein-
hardt (Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1860) agree with it tolerably well, except that the
petiole of the abdomen is striate and not smooth.

Sarothrus ■? pisum u. sj). — Black, mouth slightly reddish: antenna* 14-jointed,

60 [October

brownish-ferruginous, base of first joint black ; thorax finely pubescent, punctation
exceedingly fine and indistinct; lower part of pleurae smooth and shining; scutel-
lum gibbous, rounded, deeply rugose ; metathorax with two parallel, longitudinal
carinas; petiole short, slightly tumid, striate; second segment of the abdomen dis-
tinctly shorter than the third, downy on both sides, near the base; third segment
very broad, especially beneath, occupying half of the abdomen, or more ; the follow-
ing segments very short ; feet jJale yellow ; base of coxpe and tip of tarsi black ; wings
hyaline, thick veins pale, areolet present, although indistinct; anterior portion of
the cubital vein almost obsolete ; second transverse vein very oblique, slightly arch-
ed; radial area somewhat elongated, closed. Length about 0.14.

6. QuERCUS OBTUSILOBA. Clusters of yellow^ tuhular gnJls with red
spines, on the unrlerside of the leaves. Cynips quercus tubicola n. sp.

The gall is a perpendicular tube 0.3 to 0.4 long, slightly narrowed at it.«
point of attachment, open at the other end, yellowish and covered on its
outer surface with numerous red spines. If cut open longitudinally, its
inside appears divided into three compartments like so many floors, by two
horizontal partitions; the compartment nearest to the base is empty, the
intermediate one contains the insect and the third one is open at the top.

If the red spines are removed with a knife and the surface of the gall
examined under a strong lens, it shows dense longitudinal fibres and nu-
merous little pale yellow crystals. The substance of the gall itself is hard,
as if crystalline. From 30 to 40 of these galls are found sometimes on the
underside of a single leaf. I frequently found them near Washington, in
October and obtained the fly soon afterwards, each tube containing a sin-
gle fly.

Cynips tubicola n. sp. — Chestnut-brown, darker on the abdomen, or, in imma-
ture sjiecimens, the whole body reddish-brown; antennre 13-jointed, basal joints
brownish, the remainder black; feet yellowish brown, tips of tarsi black; thorax
slightly pubescent; wings hyaline, subcostal and radial vein dark brown, areolet
triangular, middlesized; second transverse vein very angular, j^ortion of the cubi-
tal vein anterior to the areolet indistinct. Length 0.12.
I obtained numerous $ of this fly.

7. Quercus rubra. Red Oak. Elonjj<(tcd , fusiform, pale (jreen (jull.
with a pedicel, inserted on the ed<je of the leaf and hcimj the preAonrjation
of a leaf -vein. Length about an inch. Cynips quercus C(ELEBS n. sji.

The pedicel is about 0.15 — 0.2 long; the gall itself is an elongated, sub-
cylindrical body, tapering on both sides, O.G or 0.7 long; its apex is slen-
der, about 0.1 or 0.15 long, I have found three specimens of this gall
near Washington, in June; two are inserted on the margin of the leaf, not
far from the stalk; the third is on the leaf-stalk itself, but so that on the
side of the gall the leaf originates about half an inch above its place of
insertion, whereas on the other side the beginning of the leaf corresponds
exactly to the place of insertion of the gall-stalk. In all the three cases.

tlu! i^all is tho prolong-ation of a vein; in the latter case, the vein, in con-
sequence of the growth of the leaf, has become entirely independent of the
blade and appears to be growing out of the leaf-stalk. (I am indebted for
this explanation of the growth of this gall to Prof SchacflFer, of this city).
The inside of these calls is hollow; each contains a brownish, oblonL'
nucleus, kept in position by woody fibres. On the 17th of June I obtain-
ed the gall-fly from one of my specimens; on June 28th a parasite from
the other; the third was dry when T found it. The gall-fly is a S and T am
inclined to take it for the male of either C. ronjiiicns Harris or of an allied
species. (Compare the Introduction.)

Cynips quercus coelebs n. sp. — Head and thorax black, opaque, deeply rugose,
the latter pubescent : antennse reddish-brown, paler towards the tip, 15-jointed, as
long or longer than the body; feet ferruginous-yellow, posterior femora and tibiae
infuscated; wings with a brown spot on the second transverse veinlet and a pale.
almost obsolete brownish shade between it and the anal angle of the wing; the sub-
costal and radial veins are interrupted before reaching the anterior margin: the
areolet is small, indistinct; the second transverse vein is stout]' and angular.

Length 0.16.

8. Quercus alba. White oak. Elongated^ fmifonn gall on a pcdUiit.
mostly on the margin^ sometimes on the surface of the leaf. Cynips QUER-
CUS PUSIFORMIS n. sp.

Resembles the preceding, but is much smaller. The pedicel is 0.2 or

0.8 long, the fusiform body about 0.15 or 0.2 and ends in a point. The

pedicel is a prolongation of one of the leaf-veins. The color of the gall is

that of the leaf, that is, it is green as long as the leaf is green and fades

with it. This gall was first communicated to me by Mr. T. Grlover, at the

Maryland Agricultural College. He had obtained a parasitical Hymen-

opteron from it. In May 18(U I found several specimens of the same gall

on a young white oak and succeeded in rearing the gall-fly.

Cynips quercus fusiformis n. sp. — Black: antennaj brownish-yellow, infuscated
towards the tip, llj-jointed, third and fourtli joints of about equal length, elongated ;
the following joints gradually decreasing in length; four joints before the last are
of equal length; last joint more than twice as long as the antepenultimate; face
pubescent below the antennae, smooth and shining above; thorax moderately shin-
ing very finely punctate, somewhat pubescent on the shoulders ; two furrows
converging towards the scutellum; the beginning of three others, indistinct ones,
between them; scutellum more opaque than the thorax, gibbous, with a hardly
perceptible, microscopical rugosity; abdomen chestnut-brown, a reddish band near
the posterior margin of the second segment; the latter more than three times as
long as the third segment; feet yellowish-ferruginous; posterior tibiae slightly in-
fuscated ; wings hyaline ; thick veins brown ; areolet moderate, triangular, very
distinct; cubital vein somewhat indistinct at its origin, second transverse veinlet
somewhat oblique, arcuated. Single female. Length 0.09.

9. Quercus OBTUSILOBA. Post Onh. Stnall. romul. imhcsnnt. irmt-

62 [October

like excrescences on the nnderskle of the leaves. Diameter about U.08.

Cynips quercus verrucarum n. sp.

They occur in numbers on one leaf in the latter part of the svimmer ;
when the leaf is dead, the wooly pubescence of these excrescences is pale
ferruginovis, but earlier in the season, it is I suppose, snow-white, as are
similar excrescences on other oaks. I obtained several specimens of a gall-
fly, which I call:

Cynips quercus verrucarum n. sjj. — Black, shining, mouth reddish, antennae 13-
jointed, somewhat incrassated towards the tip, brownish, sometimes brownish-
black, pale towards the base, especially at the tip of the two first and at the third
segment; thorax shining, smooth, not punctate, even the usual grooves not per-
ceptilbe ; feet yellow, base of coxse, middle of femora and tibiie brown; v/ings hya-
line, thick 'veins brown, second transverse vein curved, almost angular; areolet
rather large, distinct; cubital vein slender, almost obsolete at the basis; feet yel-
low, coxce, excejDt at tip, femora and tibife in the middle, brown or almost black;
(the feet of some specimens might be described thus: brownish-black, with more
or less yellow at the articulations; tarsi yellow). Length 0.05.

Four specimens 9 (?). I am not positive about the sex of my specimens,
on account of the shrunken state of their abdomen; the number of joints
of the antennae I saw distinctly only in one specimen.

Similar excrescences, but somewhat larger, occur on the white oak and
the swamp chestnut oak ; in June and July both were covered with a
white pubescence. On the former tree they occured in rows, on the un-
derside of the leaf, along the principal veins. On the chestnut oak I
found them singly. Both are probably the produce of Ci/mjis.

lU. Quercus alba. White Oak. '' Round mass, resembling wool,
the size of a hazelnut or icalmit and of a uhite or Iniff color, grow imj upon
one of the jyrincipcd veins on the underside of the leaf. Internalli/, numer-
ous hard seeds about the size of grains of wheat, crowded together and at-
tached b]j their lower end to the vein of the b-af. " (Dr. Fitch's Reports.
Vol. II, No. ol6). Cynips quercus lanje Fitch.

I have not found this gall yet and mention it on account of its resem-
blance with the following:

Quercus obtusiloba. Post Oak. Very like the preceding, but ap-
parently smaller and of a more irregular form. Those I observed grew at
the basis of the leaf, extending about an inch or less along the midrib
and sometimes invading the upper side of the leaf. They also contained
seed-like kernels, but much smaller than a arain of wheat. I found them
in autumn and did not obtain the fly.

11. Quercus PALUSTRIS. Pin Oak. Globular, hollow galls on the
buds and young leaves. Diameter 0.35 — 0.4. Cynips QUERCUS PALUS-
TJIIS u. sp.

18G1.]

G3

Shell green, succulent, hollow on the inside, containing a whitish, glob-
ular body, about 0.1 in diameter, which rolls freely about, not being fas-
tened to the shell.

I found these galls quite commonly very early in the spring, on the
buds of the oak, before any leaA'es had appeared. At that early season al-
ready, the globular, whitish body contained the pupa. When the leaves
came out, I observed the same gall on them, generally close by the leaf-
stalk. The fly was obtained from the galls brought home on the 17th of
May. In the woods, most of the galls w^ere found empty on the 25th of
May. Still, some of them contained the fly yet.

Several galls of this kind were observed on the pin oak; they seem to
occur also on other oaks, but I neglected to observe on which, chiefly on
account of their appearing before the leaves were developed. The gall
shrinks completely when dried, but can be well preserved in spirits.

CynipsCTrigonaspisDquercus palustris n. sp. — Black, mouth brownish-yellow,
palpi brownish: antenna iililorni, Ij-jointed in both sexes, 4 to 6 basal joints yel-
low, the remainder brown (in the % the basal joints are also somewhat infuscated) ;
third joint longer than the others, the following four gradually decreasing in length,
the remainder of the same length ; in the % this difference in length is not so strik-
ing as in they, and the third joint is somewhat thickened, whereas it is almost
linear in the 9; thorax black, smooth, shining; scutellum smooth and shining su-
periorly, deeply sculptured on its posterior declivity ; abdomen black, shining ;
feet yellow, basis of coxae brown, tips of tarsi black; wings immaculate, thick veins
brown, those of the anterior portion of the wing especially dark; the basal vein
sometimes obsoletely clouded; areolet of moderate size, distinct; cubitus distinct
on its whole length, not quite reaching the margin. 'J, and 9 • Length 0.08 — 0.1.

12. QuERCUS RUBRA. Red Oak. ^^Glohular (jalh, of the size of a haz-
elnut or grape., groioing through the leafij exjiansion of the red oak, a
third of the sphere projecting from the iqijjer surface of the leaf and the
remainder opposite, on its under side. " (Dr. Fitch, Reports, Vol. II, No.
818). Cynips nubilipennis Harris (Callaspidia nubilipennis Fitch.)

The gall-fly is " black, with tawny yellow legs and its wings smoky on
their disk and tips, with none of the veins continued into the margin, the
antennae 13-jointed in the female, which is 0.20 long and to the tips of
her wings 0.30." (Fitch, 1. c. See also Harris, Treatise etc. p. 434.)

This gall never occurred to me in the environs of Washington.

13. QuERCUS ALBA. White Oak. Small, rounded galls, projecting on
both sides of the leaf Diam. 0.25 — 0.3. Cynips quercus futilis n. sp.

Pale green, rounded but not globular, being somewhat flattened; inside
with two or three small, seed-like, oblong kernels, kept in position by some
whitish filaments. In July some of these galls are found dry; they retain
then their size and shape, but have the color of a dead leaf the rest of

64 ■ [October

the leaf remaining green. When taken from the tree in their fresh and
succulent state, they shrink when dry, become reduced in size and almost
unrecognizable. I first noticed these galls on the 14th of May when they
were nearly full-grown. On the 15th of June they hardly had changed
their appearance, but the larvae in the kernels had grown to their full
size. On June 23rd some of the kernels already contained the pupa and
between that date and the 2nd of July the gall-flies began to escape from
the galls I had bi'ought home. Besides the gall-fly, I obtained one of the
Inquilinse, which may be an Aylax Hartig.

Cynips quercus futilis n. sp. — Black; slightly reddish at the mouth; palpi, an-
tennse and feet yellow; coxoe blackish at base; posterior femora slightly infuscated
superiorly; thorax smooth, hardly aciculated; scutellum somewhat punctate; ab-
domen shining; second segment about four lines longer than the third: following
segments very much contracted under the second; antennae 15-jointed, first joint^of
the fiagellum a little longer than the others, which are of the same length: wings
immaculate, thick veins brownish-yellow; areolet extant, small: cubitus distinct,
although very slender; somewhat obsolete only at the base. Length 0.06.
Four % specimens.

Aylax (■?) futilis n. sp. — Black, mandibles yellowish-brown; antenure 14-jointed,
yellowish-brown, first joint brown, base of flagellum paler; third joint longer than
the others, somewhat excised inferiorly; feet brownish-yellow; posterior feet al-
most brown, yellowish only at the articulations; thorax rugose-jjunctate, with a
short, scattered pubescenee; pleurae with a smooth, shining black spot; abdomen
shining, second segment not much longer than the third, the two following very
short ; wings immaculate, thick veins brownish-yellow ; radial area closed, the
subcostal being prolonged along the anterior margin of the wing as far as the tip
of the radial vein. Length 0.06.

Single specimen, apparently a male.

At first glance, this species looks very much like the preceding, being
of the same size and color; but it is easily distinguished by the usual char-
acters of the Inquilinse^ the form of the radial area, which is closed, the
position of the areolet, etc. I am far from being certain as to the genus
to which this species belongs.

14. Quercus PRINOS. Sifamp-cliest^int Oak. Small, rounded galk,
projecting on hotlt aides of the leaf] sonieu-Jiat nipple-shaped and enclosed
in a reddish cmreole on the iinder side. Diameter about 0.15. Cynips
QUERCUS PAPILLATA n. Sp.

The reddish aureole surrounding the nipple-shaped protubei'ance on the
under side of the leaf is very characteristic. The inside of these galls con-
tains two or three reniform kernels, with a larva in each compartment.

They occur in numbers on the same leaf. In the latter part of June
1 obtained the perfect insect. It was a single specimen, apparently a
male, resembling in all respects ('//nips qit< mis fulilis. obtained iVnm the

ist)!.] (•..')

i:;ill (111 the leaves of the wliite oak, except tliat its femora ami tiy^ia^, es-
pecially the posterior ones, are infuscated. I call it Ci/tiipa quprcua i^np-

ilhttd 11. sp.

15. QuKRCUS OBTUSILOBA. P<j>it Oak. Irreynlar, flattened galh,
projecting on both mJea of the leaj\ yelloio^ ivhen, ripe and dry., and of a
nnhxtance not unlike soft wood or pith, e)te/osin(/ sererai hollow kernels.
Cynips quercus irregularis n. sp.

The sizie of this gall depends on the number of kernels it contains.

One specimen in my possession, about 0.4 long and 0.28 broad, is pierc-
ed with IG holes through which its inmates had escaped; but they may
have been small parasites. The average size of these galls is between a
quarter of an inch and half an inch in length. Sometimes several of them
are packed closely together and separated only by furrows. The color of
the galls, when ripe is a light leather-yellow; their substance resembles
then the pith of a plant, being softer than wood and still hard enough not
to shrink in drying. When examined under a lens of moderate power,
the gall appears to be covered with numerous little points or small cones,
each bearing a few short hairs on the tip, Avhich under such a mag-
nifying power gives the surface a shaggy appearance. On the 29th of
iMay, when I first discovered these galls, some of them, although yet green,
were already pierced with holes. Other galls still contained larvae much
later in the season. The only fly obtained from these galls was accidently
injured, so that I can give only an incomplete description.

Cynips quercus irregularis n. sp. — Head brown, mouth yellowish ; antenn» pale
3'ellow, tliird joint thrice longer than the fourth, slender, somewhat curved, atten-
uated towards the base, stouter towards the tip; three following joints almost of
the same length (the remainder are broken); thorax brownish superiorly, jiale be-
neath, smooth, shining; feet pale, tips of tarsi infuscated; wings somewhat grey-
ish; radial vein almost paj'allel to the anterior mat-gin ; this renders the radial area
unusually long, linear; its tip is somewhat rounded; the terminal portion of the
subcosta, joining the anterior margin, is also unusually oblique and therefore long;
the pale spot on the subcosta, close before the second transverse veinlet, is very
distinct; the areolet is distinct, of moderate size; cubital vein distinct; basal vein
(or fii-st transverse veinlet) dark brown, with a slight brownish cloud; the other
thick veins are of a paler brown. Length 0.08 (?).

This species will be easily recognizable on account of its elongated, al-
most lanceolate radial area. The unusually pale coloring of my specimen
makes me think that it is immature; still the wings are perfect. The
structure of the third joint of the antennae and the size of the wingrs seem
to indicate a male. (The abdomen is broken.)

K). Quercus RUBRA. Rrd Oak. Small, irregulnr, hard protiihcrimrp,
projrrfliiij ov hnih sides of t],( hdfond loit il iffrrliiij from it in color.

66 [OCTOBEII

Diameter about 0.15. Cynips quercus modesta u. sp.

The two specimens iu my possession are a little longer than broad, ris-
ing abruptly on the upper side of the leaf, more subconical on the oppo-
site side. The substance is hard, almost woody. I cut one of my speci-
mens open and found that notwithstanding its small size, it contained five
hollows, each producing the comparatively lai*ge fly. Three of the flies
had already escaped from this gall, the two others, although perfectly
formed, were still in their cells; a third specimen I reared from the other
gall (end of June). On the whole, this gall has so little peculiar and
characteristic about it, that I apprehend it will be somewhat difiicult to
identify it, unless by the fly.

Cynips quercus modesta n. sp. — Head reddish-browu below and behind the eyes,
vertex black; antennse yellowish-brown, 12-jointed, third joint elongated, the fol-
lowing gradually decreasing in length; the last twice as long as the preceding;
thorax black, subopaque. microscopically, but densely punctate, with two moder-
ately deep furrows converging towards the scutelhun; abdomen dark brown; feet
yellow, middle portion of the femora and tibire brown, especially on the posterior
pair; tips of tarsi infuscated; wiugs hyaline, thick veins j)ale brownish; areolet
indistinct or none. Length 0.06.

Three 9 specimens.

17. Quercus nigra. Black-Jack Oak. Jrreyular^ clo)iijatc<( sircf/iiaj
uH the under side of the midrib of the leaf. Cyntps QUERCUS NIGRiE n. sp.

Found two specimens, in June. One of them extends for about an
inch along the vein, the other is shorter; both are greenish, and about 0.2
or 0.3 broad. Each gall contained several flies, which escaped between
the 20th and 22nd of June, after which the larger gall appeared pierced
with nine holes.

Cynips quercus nigrse n. sp. — 9- Reddish-brown on head and thorax; abdomen
dark brown, shining: antennae 14-jointed, brownish-yellow, last joint elongated
(viewed in a certain light it appears to have an indication of a i5th joint) ; anter-
ior feet brownish-yellow, intermediate ones darker brownish on femora and tibiae;
posterior ones still darker brown; all the tarsi brownish-yellow, with infuscated
tips; wings hyaline, very transparent, subcostal and radial veins colorless, almost
pellucid, areolet none, cubital very indistinct.

'£ . Black, abdomen shining, antennae yellowish, brown at base ( ?, a portion of
them in my only specimen is broken), feet pale yellow, femora brownish in the
middle, tibiae of the intermediate and posterior pair brownish; tips of tarsi infus-
cated; wings as in the 9 • Length 'J, 0.05, 9^.09.
Eight 9 and one % specimens.

A precisely similar swelling occurs on the red oak and I found several
on the 16th of July, but did not obtain the fly.

18. Quercus prinos. Swamp-chestniit Oak. SirrlllHij (f fhr leaf-
stalk, a.t the basis of the leaf or, sometimes, (f the midrib near the basis.

1861.] <)7

About 0.4 or 0.5 loiu

'(•>■

These swellings are subconical or club-shaped; they are rounded when
they occur on the midrib. In June, they were green, but began to become
brownish towards the end of this month. Those of the last year were woody
and brown and altogether club-shaped, as the leaf round them was broken
off. From this gall I obtained numerous parasites and one gall-fly, belong-
ing to the Figitidsc. T would consider it as an Amhlijnotm Hartig, but
the second segment of its abdomen is much shorter than the third. In all
respects, it is closely allied to the gall-fly which I raised from the gall of
C. qitercns tuher Fitch; the antennae ( 9 ) are 13-jointed, the base of the
abdomen is pubescent or downy, its radial area is closed etc. Thus, the
true originator of the gall remains unknown, unle.ss it is proved that Flg-
itidse are sometimes gall-producers. p.

Amblynotus(?)petiolicola n. sji. — Black, head and thorax somewhat shining,
smooth, slightly pubescent, the latter hardly punctate, scutellum rugose; a slight
carina between the antennte, mandibles brown, palpi yellow; antennae 13-jointed,
yellow, basis blackish; 4 or 6 basal joints of the flagellum elongated; abdomen dark
brown, shining; petiole short; second segment short, pubescent at base, third seg-
ment more than twice as long as the second; feet infuscated, except at the joints, tar-
si pale, tips black; wings hyaline, radial area closed, second transverse vein obli-
que, arcuated; areolet corresponding to the middle of the radial area. Length 0.07.

19. QuERCUS ALBA. White Oa/i. Globular galls of a rorki/ texture
on the limhs. Diameter 0.4 — 0.5. Cynips quercus glorulus Fitch.

"Smooth, globular galls the size of a bullet, growing singly or two, three
or more in a cluster, upon white oak twigs, internally of a corky texture,
each containing in its centre a single worm, laying in an oval, whitish shell,
reseiubling a little egg, 0.15 in length, producing sometimes a black gall-
fly with tawny-red legs and the second veinlet of its wings elbowed or an-
gularly bent backward, its length 0.15; sometimes a smaller fly ( C. oneratus
Harris) of a clean pale yellow color, almost white, with a broad black stripe
on the whole length of its back etc, its length 0.12." (Dr. Fitch's Reports,
Vol. II, Nos. 312, 813.)

Dr. Fitch remarks that further researches will probably show that the
galls from which these two kinds of flies come, grow upon different parts
of the white oak and that the galls themselves will present some differences
in their structure. Having obtained the same two species from these galls,
I can only say that according to Mr. Hartig's view on the subject, both
may be hatched from the same kind of gall. The Gidlaapidia querctis glo-
bulus Fitch belongs to the true gall-flies (Psenides) of Hartig; the Q/nips
oneratus Harris, on the contrary, is to be referred, on account of the neu-
ration of its wings, to Hartig's section oi' Inquilivse. Its radial area is closed,
the subcostal vein being prolonged along the anterior margin of the wing^

68 [October

and its areolet is more removed from the base of the radial area, on account
of the oblique position of the second veinlet; its abdomen consists apparent-
ly of one single segment, the second segment being so large as to cover all
the others; the petiole of the abdomen is tumid and has fine longitudinal
striae. The colors agree with Dr. Harris's and Dr. Fitch's description of
Ct/mps oneratiia.

My only specimen of the true gall-fly of this gall agrees tolerably well
with Dr. Fitch's description of Callasjndia qucrciis glohulus, only it is
much larger, being about 0.21 long. I doubt therefore whether it is the
same species. It certainly is not a Gallaspidia.

Besides these two flies, I obtained from the same 'galls two coleoptera,
Hijdnocera verticaUs Say and Otidoccplialus amerkanus Seh. (Curridion-
idse). The larva of the first, sharing probably the predaceous habits of
the other Gle.ridx, pierces, I suppose, the gall in order to consume the lar-
va and establish itself afterwards in the kernel of the gall where it under-
goes its transformation. It is in this situation that I found the beetle in
cutting one of the galls open. The larva of the Otidocephalus feeds prob-
ably on the corky substance of the gall.

Galls in all respects similar to the gall of (Ji/nips quercus ghhulus Fitch
occur on the post oak; there may be a slight difference in the surface which
seems to be less smooth ; still as both galls vary in the appearence of their
surface it is difficult to say whether this difference is constant. The best
proof of the identity or diversity of both galls would be afforded by com-
paring the gall-flies. I did not obtain those of Q. ohtusUoha and the only
insect which escaped from the galls which I had brought home was a pret-
ty fly belonging to the Figitidee, of course a parasite in the gall.

Aegilips(?)obtusilobas n. sp.— Whole body black and shining, except the meta-
thorax, which is rugose: antennae ( 9 ) 13-jointed, brownish-ferruginous, first joint
black, except at tip, last joint somewhat infuscated; feet ferruginous-yellow, in-
termediate and posterior ones infuscated on femora and tibi-^e: all the coxae black,
yellowish at tip; scutellum elevated, almost conical; a sharp margin separates its
anterior from its posterior side; anterior space of the pleurre punctate, posterior
one distinctly aciculate; petiole of the abdonien almost concealed by the funnel-
shaped expansioii of the anterior part of the first segment; this expansion is lon-
gitudinally striate; the second segment of the abdomen is broader than the, third
superiorly, but much narrower than it inferiorly, its posterior margin running ob-
liquely downwards: third segment superiorly as broad as the three following to-
gether, and still broader inferiorly; wings hyaline, neuration exactly like that of
Aegilips (as figured in the Berl. Entom. Zeit. 1860. tab. IV, fig. 3) radial area trian-
gular, cubital vein and areolet obsolete; thick veins pale yellowish. Length COS.

This species does not agree with any of the genera described in Mr.

Reinhardt's Monograph of the Fi;/ifidee (Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1860). It comes

nearest to Afyi'i/is ![;ilid.. from which it is distinguished by the structure

of the first se<;ni('iit <if the idHloiiien.

ISCI] (59

A specimen of.i similar gall, but less smooth aud less regularly globu-
lar was observed by me on the swamp chestnut oak.

20. QuERCUS FALCATA. Spanish Oak. OlAony, mhreniform, smooth
(jalh^ somewhat jwin fed at ti'j), ijelloicish-hr own, fastened hy one end to the
twij. Length three-quai'ters to an inch and more.

An abortive bud is generally at the basis of the gall. A spongy mass
fills the inside. In a kernel in the centre I found the pupa of a large gall-
fly apparently allied to (Jt/nips conjiuens Harris. Several other, smaller
hollows which I found nearer to the shell were evidently those of parasites.

I obtained some of the latter, but never succeeded in bringing the gall-
fly to perfection, although I noticed the gall several times, always on the
Spanish oak.

21. QuERCUS ALBA. White oak. Round mass, resemhlinc/ loool on oak
tirijs, infirnalli/ iciflt )n(}neroiis, sred-likc </rains. CynipS SEMINATOR
Harris.

This gall and the insect have been sufliciently described by Dr. Harris
and Dr. Fitch (Eeports, Vol. II, No. 315). I will only notice the difi"er-
ences, between my observations and those of Dr. Fitch. The thorax of
my female specimens was black, the head alone being reddish-brown, where-
as Dr. Fitch obtained numerous females with head and thorax cinnamon-
red. Again, this author states that the females are much more numerous
than the males, as he had obtained from a single gall 40 9 and one male.

My observation gave a difterent result, as I obtained from one gall 44 9
and 29 % specimens and it is possible that many more had escaped before,
as the flies began to come out immediately after I got possession of the
gall. The antennas of my % specimens are yellow at their base, but decid-
edly brownish on their latter half. Finally the four galls of this kind,
which I found in the environs of Washington have many angular projec-
tions which render their surfice uneven and not so smooth and rounded
as figured by Dr. Fitch. Notwithstanding all these difierences, I hardly
doubt that my specimens are identical with Cipiips seminator Harris.

22. Quercus ALBA. White Oak. '■'■ Dense clusters of hoUow, hladder-
I ike r/alls, pair dull t/r'Uow, resemhling in shape prrserred fi;/s, jjacked in
ho.res." (Dr. Fitch, Ileports, Vol. II, No. 314.) Cynips quercus etcus
Fitch.

I have found a similar gall near Washington, but it is much smaller,
the whole cluster being about three-quarters of an inch long and about a
quarter of an inch broad. As this gall was on the same twig with one of
the galls of C quercus tuber, I am not sure from which of them the flies
1 obtained came, the more so, as, according to Dr. Fitch's statement both

70 [October

flies are very similar. The % thus obtained had 15-joiuted autennge, which
agrees with O. quercus Jicus Fitch; but the males of the flies which I rear-
ed from the oak tumor had the same number of joints. By all means, the
insects which I reared from both galls are no true Ci/nipiihr, the second
segment of the abdomen being shorter than the third and must be refer-
red to the Fujitidse. (See No. 27, C. quercus tuber.)

23. Quercus phellos. Willow Oak. Rounded, iroodij su-elliiuj at
the tip of the limbs. Cynips QUERCUS PHELLOS n. sp.

Found copiously on the Virginia side of the Potomac, near Washington
in June. At this time they were greenish and from 0.8 to 0.35 in diam-
eter; numerous green leaves wei'e attached to them. The flies escaped on
the 29th of June.

Cynips quercus phellos n. sp. — Reddish-brown, abdomen shining, tarsi some-
what paler, their tips infuscated; antennse 13-jointed; wings hyaline, very trans-
parent, the thick veins almost colorless, hardly yellowish, areolet none, radial and
cubital veins almost obsolete; the branch of the subcostal running towards the
margin is abbreviated, rudimentary. Four J . Length 0.1.

The color of this species is like that of the head and thorax of C. quercus

ni(/rse. and the wings have the same transparency. The only thick and dis-

itnct veins of the wing are the basal vein and the subcostal vein, except its

branch, running towards the margin, and the cross vein, running from the

angle of the subcostal towards the place of the areolet. All the other veins,

and consequently the area which they form, are almost obsolete.

24. Quercus alba. White Oak. " SweUinga similar to those of
Cynips quercus tuber, groioing on the tips of the limbs of aged and large
white oak trees." (Dr. Fitch, Reports, Vol. II, No. 310.) Cynips quer-
cus ARBOS Fitch.

The fly is "small, black, having all its legs and antennae of a bright pale
yellow color, and one more joint in the latter organs than in the preceding
species ( C. quercus tuber) in the males, which sex is 0.06 in length and to
the tip of its wings 0.1." (Fitch, 1. c.)

Is it identical with the following gall? But according to Dr. Fitch,
this gall diff"ers from that of C. quercus tuber by occuring on old and large
trees only, whereas my gall No. 25 is found on trees of diff"erent age and
size.

25. Quercus alba. White Oak. Club-shaped ., icoodij swelling at the
tip of the limbs.

In June these swellings are yet green; later in the season, they become
brown, hard and woody; in autumn, the leaves emerging from their tip,
break oflF and the swellings at the tip of the limbs are easily noticed.

1801.] 71

They can be recognized immediately l>y their club-shaped form, the ves-
tiges of" the leaves (usually three), broken oft" from their tip and the flat-
tened, uneven surface between these vestiges, with the round hole, through
which the insect escaped, generally in the centre. If cut lengthways in
two, an elongated cavity is found just below this hole, and under this, a
second, smaller, more rounded cavity. The latter contains the larva.

Sometimes there are two cavities of the latter kind and consequently
two larvae occur in the same gall. On the 4tli of July I found a pupa in
an advanced state of ripeness in one of these galls; in the adjoining cell
however was still a larva. I did not succeed in obtaining the gall-fly; in-
stead of it, one of the specimens gave me Ilijdnocera vertlraUa Say, a col-
eopteron, living, as it seems, parasitically on oak-galls, as I obtained it al-
so from the oak-bullet gall ( G. que.rcus tuber) of Dr. Fitch.

This gall is very common around Washington. Is it the gall of Gi/nijjs
quercus arbos Fitch (Reports, Vol. II, No. 310)? From the gall of G.
quercus tuber Fitch it is easily distinguished by its more constant form,
its more uniformly woody consistency and the absence of the seed-like
shells, containing the larva.

I have found similar swellings on other kinds of oaks also.

^!^'-

26. Quercus alba. White Oak. " Large, hard, uneven noelh'ng,
three-quarters of an inch thick and twice or thrice as long, resembling a
potato in its shajje, growing on white oak twigs, more distant from their
ends than the oak tumor." (Dr. Fitch, Reports, No. II, No. 311.) Cynips

QUERCUS BATATUS Fitch.

" Its surface is coated with a glaucous, pale blue bloom, internally it is
of a dense, corky texture in which are hard, woody spots." (ibid.)

" The fly has the basal joints of the antennae and its legs dull pale yel-
low, its thighs and hind shanks black and its middle shanks often dusky,
the antennae of the female with thirteen joints and the length of this sex
0.09." (ibid.)

I have found near Washington a single gall answering this description,
but did not succeed in obtaining the insect.

o

27. Quercus alba. White Oak. Swelling of the small limbs or
twigs. (Dr. Fitch, Reports, Vol. II, No. 309.) Cynips quercus tuber
Fitch.

These galls are easily distinguished from the club-shaped galls by their
inside. " On cutting into these galls, says Dr. Fitch, the small limb on
which they grow is found to have its wood thickened or swollen, and over
it, forming the chief bulk of the tumor, is a corky substance of a yellow-
ish-brown or snuff" color, between which and the wood are several small

72 [OCTOBKR

hard grains, resembling seeds, each having a cavity in its centre," etc.

The flies which I obtained from these galls agree with Dr. Fitch's des-
cription, except that the neuration of their wings shows that they do not
belong to the true gall-flies (Psenides) of Hartig. The second segment of
the abdomen is shorter than the third, the radial area is cksed by the
prolongation of the subcostal vein along the anterior margin and the areo-
let corresponds more to the middle than to the base of the radial area, all
characters distinguishing them from the true gall-flies. Still, I am at a
loss to say to what genus they belong. I thought for some time that they
agreed with Amhh/notus Hartig, as defined in Reinhardt's recent Mono-
graph of the Figitidse (Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. 1860), but the antennae of
the male, which I examined repeatedly on the living and the dead insect,
appeared to me 15- and not 14-jointed. The % of Dr. Fitch's C. qiiercus
tuber has 14-jointed antennae. My 9 , like Dr. Fitch's, have 12-jointed
antennae, if the last, very elongated joint, is counted for one. The 9 of
Amhlynotus, according to Reinhardt, has 13 joints.

My specimens (several S and one 9 ) are black, with yellowish mandi-
bles and a spot of the some color between them and the antennae; the lat-
ter brownish-yellow, more dusky towards their tip in the % ; feet yellow-
ish, last pair, except at the knees and tarsi, more brownish; intermediate
pair !also slightly infuscated on the femora; wings hyaline, thick veins
pale yellowish-brown; % 0.05, 9 0.09 long.

(^^ TERMS: ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. ^^

PROCEEDINGS

oap T3Bcas

ni$%

OF PHILADELPHIA.

NOVEMBER & DECEMBER.

isei.

PHIL A DEL Pin A

FRIISTTEID FOIl TtlE S O C I E X •Y.

1^15

■=rr-'J

Oi^. ^^^^^amAvv yj^

I III jM —■mimtiwimiiii ii

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.

Vol. 1. NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER, 1861. No. 4.

STATED MEETING, November 11.
President Newman in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

REPORT of committee.

The Committee on Dr. Clemen's paper read October 14th, reported in
favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

donations to cabinet.

66 specimens of Colcoptera, 7 OrtJioptcra^ and 2 Hi/menoptera, from
G. A. Boettner, of Chicago, Illinois.

53 specimens of Coleoptera^ from James Ridings.

36 specimens of Coleoj)tera, from Rev. J. H. McFarland.

17 specimens of Hemqjtera, and 16 Coleoptera, from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

18 specimens of Coleoptera, from James H. B. Bland.

9 specimens of Coleoptera^ 3 Orthoptera, and 2 ITi/menoptera^ from
Henry Feldman.

13 specimens of Hijmenoptera., from Edward Norton, of Farmington,
Connecticut.

2 specimens of DIptera, and 2 Ilemiptera, from William Evett.
Total. — 246 specimens.

74 [November

l)ONATiONS TO LIBRARY.

Annual Reports of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institn-
tionfor 1858 and 1860. From the Institution.

Notice of some North American species of Pieris. By Samuel H. Scud-
der. From the Author.

Prairie Farmer (^Chicago, III.), Vol. 8, Nos. 15, 16 and 17. From
the Editors.

Proceedings of the Society for September and Octoher. From the
Publication Committee.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read from Messrs. Edward Norton of Farmington, Conn.,
Samuel H. Scudder of Boston, Mass., Stephen Calverley of Brooklyn,
N. Y., and A. S. Packard, Jr. of Brunswick, Maine, acknowledging their
election as Correspondents of the Society.

A communication was read from Mr. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following insects during August and September:— Trltoma unicolor,
in fresh fungi; Anomala lucicola, taken with the beating net on scrub
bushes, long grass, and flowers; Direrca spreta and Dlstenia undata, on
Oak trees; Uriphus riiher, on the Golden Rod; Sap>erda discoidea, on
Hickory trees; Anthrax Shnson, Psarus quadrifasciatns, Dasyp)ogon dis-
color, Eristalis trifasciatus, Sericomyia limhipennis, and Lihelhda Dom-
itia, on sunny spots in woods; Vanessa oryfhia, on the turnpike between
Gloucester and Red Bank, New Jersey.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled "■ A
Catalogue of the Longicorn Coleoptera taken in the vicinity of Philadel-
phia, by James H. B. Bland."

And was referred to a Committee.

PROPOSALS AND ELECTIONS.

Propositions Nos. 51 and 58 for membership were read.

Mr. C. F. Parker of Cooper's Point, New Jersey, and Robert Frazer,
Esq. of Philadelphia, were elected Members of the Society.

And Mr. H. T. Fay of Columbus, Ohio, and Mr. W. H. S. Wood of
New York, were elected Con-t'spoudcnts.

isci.] 75

MICRO-LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV^.
Notes on a few species, the imagos of which are probably undescribed.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, .M. 1).

I propose to describe, in the followinsi- ])ap('r. the mines ;ind larva; of a
few of our American leaf-miners, to indicate tlieir food plants and the
months in which they should be sought for by the collector. The observ-
ations are taken from my notes and refer to larvae I have not been suc-
cessful in rearing, or to those I have noticed out of season.

In general, it may be said, the mines of the leaf-miners are character-
istic of the genus to which the larva may belong. A single mine once
identified, enables the collector to pronounce on the genus of all the species
he may find thereafter. This added to the ease with wliicli the larvfe are
collected, and the little subsequent care required to bring them to matur-
ity, except to keep the leaves in a fresh and healthy state, makes the study
of this group in every respect pleasant and satisfactory to the entomologist.

I feel confident that many of our intellegent and painstaking collectors
would engage in the study with enthusiasm if once placed safely on the
way. I can see no surer course than commencing with the larva, assur-
ing the student that in such a month, on the leaf of a certain tree, he may
find the larva of a certain '' micro." The search for those indicated in the
present paper can scarcely fail to result in the discovery of many other
leaf-miners not alluded to here, and these will surely be taken and carried
home to asc6i"tain the appearance of the imago. With this comes a desire
to identify its genus and species and thus in a few seasons, or even in a
single one, the collector adds greatly to his stock of entomological know-
ledge.

If the search for leaf-miners, is confined to forest trees, with which it is
probably best to begin, the most favorable localities, are the edges of a
wood or forest bordering on cultivated fields, patches of young trees often
found in fields or even isolated trees, and the borders of a wood along
streams. Some mines are most easily seen on the upjjer surface of the leaf,
and others most perceptible on the under surface, and those which are
transparent by placing the leaf between the sky and the eye.

The collector should be supplied with a tin box or canister of conven-
ient size in which to place the mined leaves, separated from the tree at
the end of the stalks, to prevent them from withering. If the top fits se-
curely, leaves and parts of herbaceous plants may be kept fresh for several
hours. He will render good service if he describes in a note book, the
mine mid the larva, liotli of which should lie dotie with accurate minute-

70 [NoVKAIIiKK

ness, (retaining likewise the mined leaf and numbering it,) and the particu-
lars of its transformation to a pupa, numbering the description and the
vessel containing the leaf-miner. Two insects that are distinct, or sus-
pected to be distinct species, should never be placed in the same breeding
vessel. For the great majority of leaf-miners, a common tumbler or drink-
ing glass, the top of which is made level by grinding with emery on a
piece of sheet lead, covered with a piece of glass, and containing a little
white sand moistened with water, makes a very good breeding vessel.

The leaf, or if a large one a portion of it, is stuck into the moistened
sand and this together with the humid air of the interior of the vessel
keeps it fresh.

(Joleophora larvfB do not bear well confinement in humid air of the breed-
ing jar. To be successful in rearing the larvae, one must use a pot of moist-
ened sand, in which the food plant is placed, covered with a glass cylinder,
with fine gauze tied over the top; or the plant may be kept in water and
covered with a cylinder of glass. For this purpose old chimney tops to
lamps, answer very well. The larvae of this genus, taken in the fall of
the year hybernate in their cases until the following spring and " feed up"
on the first leaves that put forth. They must not, therefore, be kept in a
warmed room during the winter. The pupae of the fall brood of larvae
thrive much better, likewise, if not kept in a warmed room during the
cold months. The spring or early summer brood of larvae produce imagos
in a few weeks after entering the pupa state and hence it is much more
satisfactory to collect early in the year than during the latter part.

F(»r convenience of reference, I append a table of months, designating
the species included in this paper and their food plants, and intended to
show when they should be looked for by the collector.

I shall be glad to hear from any one who may find any of the larva and
is successful in rearing the imago. At the same time he might communi-
cate the fact to the Entomological Society for publication in their proceed-
ings, accompanied with a description of the imago and any observations
on its natural history he may deem interesting or important. In the course
of time, such a system would make the Journal an entomological necessity
and provide a pleasant and instructive channel of communication between
American entomologists.

A CALENDAR SHOWING WHEN THE FOLLOWING LARV^ SHOULD

BE SOUGHT.

MAY.

Coli'ophoni TillfrfDliclhi . Early to end. Leaves of Basswood, T. Anipr

1861.] 77

JUNE.

LithocoUetis Salic if olieUa. Middle to end. Leaves of yellow willow.
Nepticida villosella. Latter i)art. Leaves of Blackberry.
LithocoUetis JuglavdieUa. Early. Leaves of Black walnut.

JULY.

Catastcga AcericIIa. Early. Leaves of Red Maple.

Nepticida CorijJifoliella. Latter part, to middle of August. Leaves of

' Hazelnut.

„ Ostrysefoliella. Same time. Leaves of Iron-wood, 0. Virginica.

,, Platanella. Early. Leaves of Button-wood, P. occidentalis.

„ sagineUa. Early. Leaves of Oaks.

„ Cratse.gifoli.ella. Latter part. Leaves of Dwarf Thorn, C.pa?--

vifolia.

„ Juglandifoliella. Latter part, to middle of August. Leaves of

Black Walnut.

,, Carysefoliella. Middle to August. Leaves of Hickory.
Af;pidisca Saliciclla. Early to middle. Leaves of Yellow Willow.
Nepticida villosella. Early to middle. Leaves of Blackberry.

„ ? Prunifoliella. Leaves of Wild Cherry.

,, Amelanchierella. Early. Leaves of Service-berry, A. Cana-
densis.

AUGUST.

Ornix quadripunctella. Early. Leaves of Sei'vice-berry, J.. Canadensis.

LithocoUetis Juglandiella. About middle of the month. Leaves of Black

Walnut.

Catastega timidella. Latter part. On Oaks.

SEPTEMBER.

Aspidisca Ostrysefoliella. Middle to middle of Oct. Leaves of Iron-wood.
Nepticula Virginiella. Early Leaves of Iron-wood.

,, Rossefoliella. Early. Leaves of Dwarf Wild Rose.

Catastega timidella. Early. On Oaks.

„ t Hamaineliella. Early to middle. Leaves of Witch-Hazel.

OCTOBEB.

Aspidisca Ostrysefoliella.
Coleoph or a Ca rysefoliella.

,, Coryliella.

,, ViburnieUa.

Ostryse.
yrpfirvla i^iigiiirlla . Early. Leaves of Oak.s.

78 [NovembkR

ColeopJiora QuercifoUella. Early. On leaves of Oaks.
Neptuiida platea. Early. Leaves of Oaks.

,, angui)ifll(i. Early. On leaves of Oaks.

,, CorylifoUella. Very early. On leaves of Hazel-nut.

Coleopliora Pniniella. Very early. On leaves of Wild (^herry.

COLEOPHORA.

HABITS OF THE LARVAE.

The young larva; feed either as miners in the interior of leaves or in the
interior of seeds. When a leaf-mining larva has attained a certain age?
it cuts out the two skins of the mined place and constructs of it a jwrfnble
case, which it never abandons subsequently, except to construct a new one,
when its increase in growth demands the change. In feeding, the larva
attaches its case to a leaf and bores into it between its skins, eating out a
transparent patch, extending its body from the case for this purpose, but
quickly retreats into it again if alarmed. Some of the seed-feeding species
remain within the withered flower, and therefore entirely concealed, until
they are quite full fed. Others make a case of the husk of a seed, which
they have eaten and are very difficult to distinguish from the untenanted
seeds of the plant. The natural orders of plants that seems most frequent-
ed by the members of the genus are the Cari/ophyUacese. the Liquhnhiosse,
the CompoHitpe and the L<ihi(it?e. at least this applies to Europe and prob-
ably to our own country.

The larvae, except when preparing to form a new case, make small mines,
and the discovery of a leaf in which there are one or several transparent
patches and both the skins of the leaf entire, with one of them pierced
with a minute hole, is a very cei'tain indication that it has been the work
of a Coleophora larva.

The larva hybernate in their cases during the winter and produce inui-
gos in the following summer, '• feeding up " during the spring.

Some of the insects named here from the larvae may. possibly, have been
named and described in the ])erfect state.

1. C. Caryajfoliella. The larva mines the leaves ofhickury in Sep-
tember and October. The head and body is reddish -brown, somewhat
darker on the second and third rings.

The case is small, dark browuisli and in form is a flattened, simple, cyl-
inder. 'IMie larva feeds only in small, rectangular patches of which there
are usunllv several in the samo loif The e. isft is fixed ti the unlcr sur-

l8Gi.] 7^

face ami the larva leetls in one patch until it is compelled tn remove its
entire body from its case, and then removes to another part of the leaf to
form a new mine. The fall larva) may doubtless be taken in the .spring
or early summer. T have likewise found a case like the above on the
leaves of Dogwood. The case I found was attached to the midrib of a
leaf; I have not noted the existence of a mine.

2. C. Coryli folic 11a. 'i'ho larva mines the leaves of Hazel in Sep-
temljer and October. . It is pale brown, with dark brown thoracic, dorsal
spots. The case is three lines long, dark brown, irregularly cylindrical,
compressed or flattened at its hinder end, with two teeth about the middle
of the tipper edge, separated from each other about one-third of the length
of the case and dilated somewhat or rounded on the lower edge between
the teeth. 3Iputh ofca.se not deflected. The mine of the larva is nearly
circular.

o. C. Viburniella. The larva mines the leaves of Vilmnntm pruni-
folium in September and October. The head and body is dark brown,
with blackish thoracic patches on the second and third rings.

The case is irregularly formed. It is reddish-brown, nearly cylindrical,
with a deflected mouth and tapering at the hinder end; on the upper edge,
running up from the mouth of the case is a flattened wing-like appendage
serrated on its upper edge, nearly equal to one-third of the case in length.

The lower case is dilated near the middle or undulating and near the
hinder end above and below there is a slight projection. The case is at-
tached to the under surface of the leaf and the mine is an irregular blotch.

4. C. Pruniella. The larva mines the leaves of wild cherry early in
October, when it is more than half grown.

The case is flattened, having a notch on the upper edge about one-third
from the mouth, whence it is curved regularly to the hinder end and the
under edge is nearly straight from the mouth to about one-third of the
length from the hinder end, where it is deeply notched and curved towards
the upper edge thus forming a tail-like appendage. On the upper edge
from the uivuith of the case to the anterior notch, the edge is regularly
curved.

5. C. Ostryjc. The larva mines the leaves of Iron-wood. Ostri/<t Yir-
'jiiiica in October and during Spring.

The case is flat, rather wide, and the edges nearly parallel except near
its mouth. The upper edge is slightly curved and almost at the hinder
end is a slight notch, which is sometimes wanting, and the hinder end is
squarely excised. Color of the case pale reddish-brown.

so [November

(). C. Tiliasfoliella. The larva feeds on the leaves of the Liiideu
from the beginning to the latter part of May.

The case is black, somewhat pistol-formed ; straight along the upper edge,
turned abruptly down so as to form a handle-like appendage behind, with
a toothed, flattened, projection about the middle of the under edge, whence
to the mouth of the case it is cylindrical. The body of the^ larva is dull,
dark brown and the dorsal plates and head black.

At this date the larva does not mine the leaf, but eats holes in it, devour-
ing its substance. The case is fixed to the under surface of the leaf and
is easily seen even on the leaves of the higher branches.

The larva enters on pupation in the latter days of May or early in June.

7. C. Querciella. The larva feeds on the leaves of Oaks in October.

It does not make a mine at date, but picks out the parenchyma of the
leaf from the under surface, leaving the net-work of veins and the upper
epidermis of the leaf entire.

The case is blackish-brown and smooth, the larva permitting the lower
edge of the case to come in contact with the leaf. The case is slightly pis-
tol-formed; the portion near the mouth circular and deflected, beyond which
it widens and rises on the upper edge to a hump or projection about the
hinder third, whence the outline descends to the posterior end which is
squarely excised. The under edge is curved to a notch nearly opposite to
the hump on the upper edge.

The habits of the larva are similar to the European C. Ibqj'nndla; but
the case differs from it in form.

LITHOCOLLKTIS.

HABITS OF THE LARViE.

The larvae mine the leaves of trees, shrubs or low plants, separating ei-
ther the upper or lower cuticle and feeding on the inner substance of the
leaf. When the mine is on the upper surface, or at least most frequently
when it is in this position, the leaf becomes folded and curved at the place
mined, and the separated cuticle is gathered into folds or covers the cur-
ved portion so as to make a capacious habitation. Some of the miners of
the upper surface of leaves make large blotches, or tracts and when the
mines are fresh the separated cuticle is whitish and very noticable. The
miners of the under surface, cause the upper cuticle to become discolored
in patches. ;ind this with the fold of the side of the leaf i.s often sufficient

18()1.] 81

to indicate the presence of a mine.

Usually the species are confined to a single plant; some, however, feed
on several allied plants.

The larva never quits the mine and changes in it to a pupa. Some
species makes no cocoon, others only a very slight one and others make
one of grains of excrement woven together with silk.

Many of the species of the fall brood remain in the pupa state during
the winter and appear as imagos in the spring, and some of the imagos
that appear late in the fall seem to hybernate during the winter in the ima-
go state. The spring brood of larva3 produce imagos in the summer.

When the imagos escape from the mine the pupa case is thrust through
the separated cuticle, and left there after the escape of the imago.

1. L. Salicifoliella. During the latter part of June or early in
July the leaves of yellow willow Sallx vltclHua^ var. .S'. aU>a, should be
searched for this insect. The mine is on the under surface usually near
the base of the leaf and along the edge. I found these mines for the first
time on the 2ord of July of the present year, but they were untenanted and
the imagos had escaped, so that I am unable to furnish any further partic-
ulars respecting the species.

2. L. Juglandiella. The larva makes an elongated, rather wide
tract on the upper surface of the leaves of black walnut, without folding
the leaf, and may be found from the beginning to the middle of the month.

It is blackish or blackish-brown, with a few pale brownish dots on each
side of the thoracic segments, and with the tip of the abdomen and head
pale brown, It belongs to the second larval group described in the Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia November
1859 and may not be specifically distinct from L. C(n-t/fefoUdla described
on page 328.

ASPIDISCA.

HABITS OF THE LARV^.

The larva3 of this genus are characterized by making a small blotch
mine between the cuticles of the leaves and when they have arrived at
maturity weaving a cocoon between the cuticles, and cutting out of them
a small, oval disk, thus leaving a hole in the mined place of the size and
shape of the cocoon. In this respect they resemble the genus AnfiApila.

The larvae of the two geiici-a are, however, easily distinguished by their

^'■i [November

color; the Antlsplla larvae are white or whitish with bhick dorsal and ven-
tral spots, while the Asjyidisca larvae are reddish-brown. The disk of the
latter is likewise always fixed by a button of silk to some object in the
neighborhood of the food plant and the pupae must be kept in a dry ves-
sel after the disks have been cut out, otherwise the insects will not come
to maturity. On the other hand the Antisiyilse require a damp situation
after entering the pupa state.

1. A Ostryaefoliella. The larva) may be found on the leaves of
Iron-wood during the latter part of September and early in October.

About the lOtli of October all the mines are untenanted. There may be
a spring brood in the leaves of Ostrya but I have not observed them.

The mine is large when compared to those found in the leaves of other
plants and the hole left by cutting out the disk is out of proportion to the
size of the mined portion.

2. A. Saliciella. From the beginning to the middle of July the lar-
va may be taken on the leaves of yellow willow. The mine is very small,
the excised portion with which the disk is formed, taking up the greater
portion of it. I noticed in this larva a habit, which may be generic, but
if so it has escaped my observation; the larva, after cutting out its disk,
lets itself down by a thread, and in the middle of July the disks may be
found suspended under Willows as the larva lets itself down to the surface
of the ground. My specimens were taken on July 28rd when the mines
were generally deserted.

A larva of this genus mines the leaves of wild cherry in July. The
mines are usually near the base of the leaf and are more elongated than
any others I have found. The mine is a short tract, not broader than the
short diameter of the disk, which is cut out from the end of the mine, the
hole occupying its entire breadth. If the species is distinct, and this I am
disposed to doubt, it may be called A. Pniniella.

NEPTICULA.

HABITS OF THE LARV.ffi.

These larvae mine very narrow serpentine paths in the interior of leaves,
the mine being always on the upper surface. The mines vary much in
form, being sometimes a slender gallery or line, either simple, or enlarged
towards the end into a blotch, or a complete blotch.

When the larva is full fed it quits the mine, cutting for this purpose

IsCl.] 83

the .separated eutielo. in itrtler tu weave a minute cocoon.

The larvae of some dipterous insects make mines that strongly resemble
those of some of the iVcpticidse, but they may usually be distinguished by
the more maggot-like appearance of the former.

1. N. Corylifoliella. The larva makes a long, winding, narrow
tract in the leaves of Hazel in the latter part of July and the beginning
of August and the foil brood may be found early in October. The /ra.s.s
or excrcTuent of the larva is deposited along the middle of the tract, form-
ing a minute central black line. The edges oi the mine are smooth, and
but little broader throughout its extent than the width of the miner.

The mine is left transparent by the larva from the beginning to the end.

There is another miner in this leaf that I suspect to be a dipteron. It
makes a rather broad, tortuous tract, much broader than the preceding, and
the '• frass " is scattered in separated grains along the middle of the tract.

2. N. OstryEefoliella . The larva in July and August makes a rath-
er wide, most frequently much contorted, transparent mine, with a ncn-roic,
central, Hack line of ''/rass'' ; sometimes the early portion of the mine is
filled up with '• frass " and in others the line of frass is distinct from the
beginning. From the middle to the end of the mine whence the larva es-
capes it will average nearly a line in width.

8. N. Virginiella. In the leaf of Iron-wood, Osfr//a; makes a very
narrow, long tract, not broader than the width of the larva, the interior of
which is filled up irifh dispersed t/rains of frass, and which is dark brown
whilst the larva is mining. The larva is very slender, of nearly uniform
diameter, terminal segments pointed, pale green, with a darker green cen-
tral line, head pale brown. It should be sought early in September.

On the 14th of the month it is nearly full fed.

4. N. Platauella. From the begiuuiug to the middle of July the
blotches produced by these larvae may be found on the leaves of the But-
ton-wood tree or Sycamore. The blotch is often extended over the early
portion of the mine so as to obliterate it and again the early portion is pres-
ent, being a slender line from which the blotch is formed.

The larva is pale green and the head pale brown and weaves a cocoon
of a reddish-brown color during the latter days of July.

5. N. Crataegifoliella. The larva may be found in the leaves of
Dwarf Thorn, Cratsejus parvifolia, from the middle to the latter part of
July. The mine is rather a wide tract, not long, most often tortuous,
sometimes turned back on itself and when nearly straight, with irregular
edges, having a narrow, contorted line of frass running through the mid-

S4 [November

die of it. The later half of the miue will average at least a line in width.

The larva is rather thick, bright green. One larva which I observed
especially mined a space oi'Jlve lines in three days, at the end of which
time it was full grown. Previously it was not more than half grown, and
the distance mined while under observation forms nearly one half the
length of the entire mine. The larva enters the pupa .state during the lat-
ter part of July.

(5. N. J u "■ 1 a n d i f o 1 i e 1 1 a . The larva mines the leaves of Black Wal-
nut from the latter part of July to the middle of August. The mine is a
very narrow, whitish tract, very often recurved and slightly tortuous, some-
what, although slightly, enlarged at its end, with a very narrow central line
of " frass." The larva is pale green, almost whitish, rather thick and re-
sembling a dipteron.

I found a single specimen on the 27th of last August, when the mines
appear to be usually untenanted, and very oddly, it escaped from its mine
as I held the leaf, whilst looking unsuccessfully for another specimen.

7. N. CarysBfoliella. In the leaves of Hickory late in July and
early in August. The mine is very like the preceding, but rather wider
and longer and not so tortuous, but nearly always recurved and with the
central " frass " line. The larva is pale green, with a dark green central
line and brownish head. It is nearly or quite cylindrical, diameter uni-
form, the anal segments pointed. I have taken a specimen as late as the
oOth of August, but at this date almost every mine found is untenanted.

8. N. vi Hose 11a. May be found in the leaves of the Black-berry
about the middle of July. The mine is very narrow only about wide en-
ough to accomodate the miner, tortuous, with a central frass line. The
larva is pale brownish and leaves its miue during the latter part of July.

This differs from JSf. RahifolieUa (see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. of Phila. ,
June, 1860, p. 214.), both in the mine and color of the larva.

9. N. Amelanchierella. In the leaves ')f Service-berry or June-ber-
ry, Amelaiichirr Canadensis, in June and July. The mine rather a broad
tract, sometimes much contorted, with rather irregular edges, placed most
often towards the base of the leaf and having a rather broad '' frass " line
of a dark brown color.

UK N? P runifoliella. Mines resembling those of the Nepticidi£,,
may be found in the leaves of wild cherry, J^ntinis Serotina, during the
latter part of July and early in August. It is more or less blotchy in the
beginning, with frass dispersed and towards the end gathered into a rath-
er broiid lino with the "rains distinct. I have nevci' found them teiianted

ISC.l.] 85

and it is (juite possible that they are tlie work of dipterous hirvao. The
mines are reddish-brown after the hirvas leave them.

11. X. an^uiuclla. May be found in the leaves of oaks early in Octo-
ber and in the latter part of June. The mine is a very narrow serpentine
tract, irhlcli is jilled Of dhcoloi-cd tliroiKjIioat Its lerifftlt hi/ hidcklsli excrf-
mnif. The larva fits the mine closely, in color lemon-yellow, with ten
square dark brown or blackish spots on the ventral surface.

Other mines in thesame leaves have, sometimes, a broad frass line, sprink-
led along the middle and often it begins as a slender line and these doubt-
less all belong to the same species.

12. N. platea. Mines oaks early in October. The mine is a moder-
ately broad, winding, tract, with a broad line of dispersed grains of excre-
ment. The larva is purplish, with a pale green vascular line and a row of
reddish-brown dorsal dashes. The mine is much broader than that of the
preceding miner.

lo. N. saginella. Mines oaks early in October. 1 have found the
larva abundant in the leaves nf chestnut early in August. The larva
makes a transparent, moderately broad, serpentine tract, gradually increas-
ing in breadth from the beginning to the end where it is very slightly en-
larged, with a central black frass line. It is about a line wide towards the
larger end and from twelve to fifteen lines long. In the leaves of Chest-
nut the mine is often made along the edge of one of the coarse pointed
teeth, running up to the point, whence the enlarged portion is turned in-
wards. In this leaf the mines are only twelve lines long.

The larva is dark bright green, with a darker vascular line; head brown-
ish. The body is rather thick, and of nearly uniform diameter. The
summer brood leave their mines towards the latter part of August, and in
Oaks, I think in July.

There may be found in Oaks a mine very similar to the above, that is
about a line wide towards its larger end, but which is about tiro and a
hrdf inches /on;/. And another much narrower than either, which is not
much contorted, but nearly straight, running along the veins and midrib
and measuring at least font- inches in (em/th.

14. N. Rostefoliella . In the leaves of Dwarf Wild Hose, Jioso. la-
cida, early in September. The mine is very serpentine, frequently running
around the edge of the leaf including its teeth, moderately broad, nearly
filled with a broad blackish-brown frass line, the grains of which are dis-
persed or have a wavy arrangement, in the later part of the mine. In
the early ))(ntioii. the tract is filled witli the excrement of the larva.

86 [NOVE.MIIKK

The larva is lemon-yellow; head and spot on the middle of the second
segment pale brown. I have no doubt about the distinctness of this spe-
cies from any other mining the leaves of plants allied to the rose family.

It may, however, be identical with or closely resemble the Eui'opean
JV. Auomalella.

GEN IX.

HABITS OF THE LARVJE.

In early life the larvai are leaf-miners and make mines on the under
surfiice of leaves, difficult to be distinguished from those of the genus Llth-
ocoUctiti. Towards maturity, however, they abandon their mines and feed
under a portion of a leaf turned down from its edge, which is bound close-
ly with silk. When they are full fed, a small poi'tion of the edge of a
leaf is turned over and the larva weaves its cocoon within the cover thus
made.

O. quadripunctella. Early in August the larva may be found in
the leaves of June-berry or Service-berry making lithocolletiform mines
on the under surface. Towards the middle of the month, it abandons its
mine and feeds under a turned down portion of the leaf The larva is
dirty greenish, with four black dots on the head and four on the dorsum
of the second segment. It weaves its cocoon, which is reddish-brown,
during the latter part of the month.

CATASTEGA.
HABITS OF THE LARVJE.

The insects included in this genus are not leaf-miners although they
belong to the division of Micro-lepidoptera. I am not, perhaps, justified
in forming a genus from the charactei's and habits of the larvae and would
not do it, if I were not convinced that the genus is undescribed. The
insects may not belong to the group Tineina, and if not they most probab-
ly belong to the Phycites.

The larvae make tubes in which they live, with the grains of their ex-
crement and silk, on the underside of leaves, covering them with a tent or
sheet of closely woven silk, under which they feed, by picking out the
parenchyma of the leaves. They are extremely timid, and do not begin

ISC,].] ?S7

tu feed or weave until after night-fall. As the tube is increased in length,
the silken tent is likewise advanced as it is necessary for the insect to ob-
tain new feeding grounds.

1. C. timidella. The tube of the larva may be found on the under
side of oak leaves in the latter part of August and early in September.

The larva is semi-cylindrical, wrinkled transversely, with a shield on
the second segment;. head small, pointed. It is very dark, coucolorous
green, shield paler; head pale brown, varied with darker brt)wn.

The tube is very long, cylindrical, enlarging from the beginning which
is a mere thread until it attains considerable thickness. The open extrem-
ity is covered by a web, in the middle of which is a gallery lined on each
side with frass, and the larva passes through it in order to feed. In feed-
ins: the larva leaves the outer cuticle and the net-work of veitfs entire.

About the middle of September the larva abandons its tube to form a
cocoon on the surface of the ground. I have seen numbers of this larva
on oaks in Minnesota near Saint Paul.

2. C. Aceriella. The larva forms a moderately long, slender, cylin-
drical tube at the base of the leaf of maple, A. rubrum, early in July, and
is covered with a thin transparent web closed in advance. The tube in-
creases in diameter from the beginning to the end and is placed between
two principal veins of the leaf, and the web is extended from one vein to
the other.

3. C? Hamameliella. The larva constructs a little, short tube of
frass along the midrib of the leaf of Witch- Hazel, Ilamamelis Virginica,
during the latter part of September. The tube is begun in the angle
made by a vein and the midrib and the triangular space between them is
covered with a thin web of silk having beneath it the tube.

The larva is nearly cylindrical, slender, with head pointed. It is of a
uniform, rather pale green color.

■'^■'^ [Deck.mbkr

S T A T E D MEETING, December 0.
President Newman in the Cluiir.
Eifteeu members present.

REPORTS OF OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES.

'J'he report uf tlie Recording Secretary was read as follows :—

REPORT OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY

FOR 1801.

The Recording Secretary in presenting his Report of the operations of
the Society during the past year, takes this opportunity to congratulate
the members upon its present prosperous condition and upon the bright
prospects which loom up in the future.

The present Report will necessarily be brief because of the plan adojtted
during the past year, of publishing the Proceedings of the Society at short
intervals. By referring to its pages abundant information can be obtained
concerning the transactions of the Society, and the rapid progiess that has
been made within the short space of one year.

At all times since the organization of the Society, its members have
been much gratified at the success that has atteiuled their eftbits. and it
may be confidently asserted that what was but recently looked upon as an
experiment, may now be considered an established fact.

The contributions to the Cabinet during the past year have been both
numeroits and valuable; the following particulars have been extracted from
the Reports of the Committees in charge of the various departments which
will show the present prosperous condition of the Cabinet :-

In Coleoptera there is an increase of 520 species, 8,885 specimens dur-
ing the past year, making a total of 2,550 species, 20,210 specimens now
in the collection. The principal donors are Dr. T. B. Wilson, Henry Ulke,
John Pearsall, Dr. G. H. Horn, J. H. B. Bland, William Evett and J. D.
Wingate. The collection contains a few types of new species described by
Dr. Horn, and also several unique specimens still undescribed.

The want of an Elementary work on the l^epidoptera of North America,
has done much to decrease the interest in this department, and the diffi-
culty of procuring correct names for our species has also been the means of
discouraging many in collecting, consequently the increase in the collection
during the past year has been small. The collection now contains 519
species. 8,414 specimens an increase of 1!*S species, 2,l(i!l s|ieciniens dur-
thc past year.

1861.] 89

The collection of Diptcra, though not large, contains many rave and
beautifully preserved specimens carefully named and classified. During
the past year the increase has been small, owing to the difficulty of obtain-
ing names for the species, whereby about MO species are reserved by the
members for presentation so soon as correct names can be procured for
them. The collection now contains 224 species, 5G1 specimens, an in-
crease of 75 species, 285 specimens during the past year. The principal
donors are Dr. T. B. Wilson, and Baron R. Osten Sacken who has very
kindly presented the Society with types of his Monograph oi' Limnohiacesc,
published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia, August 1859.

The collections of Hymenoptera, Neuroptera &c., arc yet small, but have
bright prospects of a rapid increase during the ensuing year. Through
the kindness of Mr. Edward Norton of Farmington, Conn., {^Hymenoptera)
and Mr. P. R. Uhler of Baltimore, Md., {Neuroptera &c?) the species in
the collections have been correctly named and arranged. Of Hymenop-
tera the collection contains 136 species, and of Neuroptera &c., 249 species,
an increase of 311 species during the past year.

As a whole, the interest manifested by the members in building up the
collections of the Society has been exceedingly liberal and enthusiastic.

The cabinet was commenced in January 1860 and since then 3,678 spe-
cies have been presented. The collection of Coleoptera is arranged in
two large and handsome cases of drawers, for which the Society is indebt-
ed to our fellow-member Dr. Thomas B. Wilson; the remainder of the
collection is arranged in boxes. The order and condition of the Cabinet is
excellent and, unlike large collections generally, it is entirely free of all
infection.

During the past year several valuable additions have been made to the
Library, which now contains 129 volumes and pamphlets. It is to be
hoped that the members and correspondents will exert themselves for the
increase of this department, as it is a very important necessity.

One of the most prominent and interesting additions to the Society dur-
ing the past year has been the establishment of a publication to be issued
every two or three months and containing extracts from the minutes of
the meetings, and also any papers on entomological science that may be
received from contributors and ordered to be published. Through the
liberality of Dr. T. B. Wilson, Dr. Samuel Lewis, E. T. Cresson, J. Frank
Knight, Greorge Newman, Robert Jack, William Evctt, James Ridings,
John Knight, J. H. B. Bland, Dr. G. H. Horn and J. D. Dowling, suffi-

90 [Decembeii

cient funds were raised to purchase a complete outfit of necessary printing
materials. With this encouragement the publication was immediately
commenced. The first and second numbers were printed on a small press
page at a time, occupying much time and labor. As the material increased
a larger press was procured, which will answer all purposes until the re-
ceipts are suificient to employ a printer. The only expense attending
the publication is the ink and paper. The composition, press-work &c., is
done voluntarily by the members of the Publication Committee, and our
fellow-member Mr. C. F. Parker to whom the Society is indebted for bind-
ing the publication. The press-work is executed in the evenings by Mr.
John 3Jeichel to whom much praise is due for the style in which it is done
considering the disadvantages of working by gas-light. Up to the present
time three interesting numbers (J'2 pages in all) have been issued and the
fourth is now in press and will soon be ready for distribution. Since the
commencement, eight papers have been presented for publication, viz:-

By E. T. Cressun. — 1. Catalogue of the Cicindelidae of North America.
2. Catalogue of the described species of Tenthredinidae and Uroceridae,
inhid^iting North America.

By P. It. Uhler. — Descriptions of a few new species of Hemiptera and
observations upon some already described.

By Geo. H. Horn. — Notes and Observations on the Habits of some Cole-
opterous Larvce and Pupse, tAvo papers.

By Baron R. Osten Sacken. — On the Cynipidse of the North American
Oaks and their Galls.

By Brackenridge Clemens, M. D. — Micro-Lepidopterous Larvae. Notes
on a few species, the imagos of which are probably undescribed.

By J. H. B. Bland. — A Catalogue of the Longicorn Coleoptera taken
in the vicinity of Philadelphia.

The publication is sent to the principal scientific institutions in this
country, and als<) to the Entomological Societies in Europe, through the
Smithsonian Institution to whom the Society is indebted for its kind and
liberal olFer to transmit the publications and exchanges of the Society to
and from Europe.

During the past year ending November oOth, 1861, there have been
elected 9 members and lU correspondents. The Society now numbers 53
members and 27 correspondents.

All of which is respectfully submitted by

J. Frank Knight,

llecording Secretary.
Decemhrr Ofh. 1801.

18G1.] yi

The Animal Reports of the Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer and
Standing Committees on Colcoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera,
Neuroptera &c., Library and Publication were read.

The Committee on Mr. Bland's paper read November 11th, reported in
favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

' DONATIONS TO CABINET.

18G specimens oi' IL/menoptera, 9 Ilemiptcra^ 6 Neuroptera^ and 3 Cole-
optera, from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

20 specimens of Hemiptera, 20 Neuroptera, and 16 Hi/menoptera, from
Charles Wilt.

90 specimens of Colcoptera^ from John Pearsall.

24 specimens of Cohoplcra^ from Rev. J. H. McFarland.

7 specimens of Hemiptera^ 5 Hymenoptera, 4 Lepidoptera, and 4 Dip-
tera, from Dr. G. H. Horn.

15 specimens of Coleoptera, from Dr. Samuel Lewis.

4 specimens of Coleoptera, from Robert Stretton.

Also a very fine male specimen of Dorcus hrevis Say, captured in New
Jersey and presented by Grcorge Newman.
Total, — 374 specimens.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Prairie Farmer {Cliicar/o, 111.), Vol. 8, Nos. 18 to 21. From the
Editors.

Z()olo(]y of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah. Insects hy
Prof. S'. S. Haldeman. Philadelphia, 1852, Deposited by Chas. Wilt.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read from Mr. H. T. Fay of Columbus, Ohio, and Mr. W.
H. S. Wood of New York, acknowledging their election as Correspondents
of the Society.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceedings :
" Descriptions of some Larvae of North American Coleoptera, by Baron
R. Osten Sacken."
" New American Micro-Lepidoptera, by Brackenridge Clemens, M. D."
" The Tarantula (Mygale Hentzii Girard) and its destroyer (Pompilus
formosus Say^, by S. B. Buckley."
And were referred to Committees.

ELECTIONS.

Messrs. John McMeichel, and George W. Gallierd, of this city were

92 [Decembkb

elected Members of the Society.

And Cyrus Thomas Esq., of Murphysboro, IlHnois, was elected a Cor-
respondent.

The Society then proceeded to elect Officers and Standing Committees
for the ensuing year, with the following result :-

OFFICERS.

PRESIDENT.

George Newman.

VICE PRESIDENT.

James H. B. Bland.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,

Ezra T. Cresson.

RECORDING SECRETARY.

J. Frank Knight.

TREASURER.

Charles Wilt.
STANDING COMMITTEES.

COLEOPTERA.

J. H. B. Bland, G. H. Horn, M. D., Samuel Lewis. M. T).

LEPIDOPTERA.

James Ridings, Charles Blake, Horace B. Mitchell.

HYMENOPTERA.

Ezra. T. Cresson, James Ridings, John Meichel.

DIPTERA.

T. B. Wilson, M. D., Charles Wilt, C F. Parker.

NEUROPTERA, &C.

William Evett, J. Frank Knight, Robert Nuttell.

LIBRARY.

Samuel Lewis, M. D., C F. Parker, Charles Blake.

PUBLICATION.

T. B. Wilson, M. D., Ezra T. Cresson, John Meichel.

1801.] 9a

Catalogue of the LONGICORN COLEOPTERA taken in the vicinity

of Philadelphia.
BY JAMES II. B. BLAND.

The preparation of the following Catalogue was suggested by the large
number of Ccrambycidac etc., which can be collected in the neighborhood
of Philadelphia. In consequence of the numerous wood wharves and the
commerce with different parts of our coast, many species have been intro-
duced which had previously no habitation in our region.

On account of the beauty and size of many of the species, this family
has been a favorite with collectors, and the addition of an occasional new
form to our fauna has still further stimulated exertion. Many forms here-
tofore considered rare, have, by careful observation of habits and localities,
been rendered tolerably abundant.

In the preparation of this list several large and valuable collections have
been consulted, for the assistance thus derived acknowledgments are given
in their proper places. Much is also due to the individual experience of
members. To Messrs. Henry Feldman and George Newman, I acknowl-
edge much indebtedness, as there is probably no gentlemen to whom as
much is due, for their labors in making known the coleopterous fauna of
the neighborhood of Philadelphia.

The sign (*) appended to the names of species, indicates the possession
of specimens by the Society.

CATALOGUE.

PARANDRA Latr.
brunnea Fahr. (Tenebrio) Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 49. (*)
Common everywhere in June.

ORTHOSOMA Serv.
cylindricum Fahr. (Prionus) Syst. El. 2, 261. («)

Pound in Pine woods, under logs and stones, in July.

PRIONUS Geoffr.
laevigatus Harris, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Hartford, p. 8.3. (*)

Inhabits Pine Forests, from June to September. Hare,
laticollis Brury, (Cerambyx) Ins. vol. 1, pi. 37, fig. 2. («)

In Pine woods near Camden, N. J., from June to September.

SPHENOSTETHUS Hald.
eerripennis Hald. Proc. Aoad. Nat. So. Pliila. .3, 120. (*)

A fine specimen of this rare insect was captured by Mr. George New-
man, on the wood wharves in the summer of 1859.

94 [December

PUKPTIRICENTJS Serv.
humeralis Fabr. (Cerambyx) Syst. El. 2, p. 274. (»)

On Hickory, near Timber Creek, N. J., also on the Elder wlien in blos-
som,
asillaris Ilald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 31. (*)
Taken ou Hickory and Blackberry in June.

EBURIA Serv.
quadrigeminata Sai/, (Stenocorns) Journ. Acad. jSTat. Sc. 5, p. 275. (■^•)

This fine insect is rather rare in this locality, it has been collected in
the wood near Darby in the month of June.

CEEASPHORUS Serv.
cinctus Druri/, (Cerambyx) Insects, \o\. 1, pi. 37, fig. 6. (*)
Abundant on the wood wharves in the month of June.

ELAPHIDION Serv.
notatum Oliv. (Callidium) Ent. 4, p. 61; tab. 7, fig. a9. (•■■)

Common everywhere in June,
rufulum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 32. («)

Frequently found on the Oak in June. I have known it to be taken
on the Maple trees in the streets of the city,
atomarium Drury, (Cerambyx) Insects, vol. 1, pi. 41, fig. 6. (*)

Ou the wood wharves in June,
vicinum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 33. («)

Taken on the wood wharves in the month of June,
villosum Fahr. (Stenocorus) Syst. El. 2, p. 311. (*)

Found on Oak trees in a wood near the Media Rail-road, in June,
unicolor Randall, (Stenocorus) Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 2, p. 42. (*)

Found in the wood in the ue'.<^hborhood of Girard Avenue Bridge in
June. Not common.

TEAGIDION Serv.
coquus Li'im. (Cerambyx) Syst. Nat. Fabr. (Lamia) Syst. El. 2, p. 300. (*)

A specimen was captured by Mr. S. H. Shinn, near Red Bank, in Sept.

fulvipenne Say, (Callidium) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 414. (•■■)

L everal specimens have been collected near Red Bank, N. J., in June.

CRIOCEPHALUS Muls.
obsoletus Randall, (Callidium) Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 2, p. 27. (*)
In Pine woods in July.

ASEMTJM Esch.
moBBtum Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 35. (*)
Common in various localities.

18G1] 95

HYLOTKTJPES Serv.
bajulus Linn. (Cerambyx) Syst. Nat. 2, p. 636. (*)

Found on the wood wharves in the inoath of June.

CALLIDIUM Fabr.
antennatum Ncwm. Ent. Mag. 5, p. 393. (•^)
Very common on the Pine in June.

PHYMATODES Muls.
aereus Kewm. Ent. Mag. 5, p. 393. (*)

On the wood wharves in June,
variabilis Linn. (Cerambyx) Syst. Nat. 2, p. 635. (*)

Very abundant on the wood wharves in June,
amoenus Say. (Callidium) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 413. (*)

On the wood wharves in the month of June,
varius Fabr. (Callidium) Syst. El. 2, p. 345. (*)

Very common on the wood wharves in June.

PHYSOCNEMUM Hald.
brevilineum Say, (Callidium) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 413. {^)

Found on the wood wharves in June. Not common,
ligneum Fabr. (Callidium) Syst. El. 2, p. .341. («)

I have collected this sjDCcies near Camden, N. J., in the last week in
March, by stripping the bark from Cedar stumps.

TYLONOTUS Hald.
bimaculatus Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 3S. (*)

This rare insect has been found under the bark of Tulip-poplar, and on
the Ash.

SMODICUM Hald.
cucujiforme Say, (Callidium) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 277. (■■•)
Found on Oak in June, near Gloucester, New Jersey.

ARHOPALTJS Serv.
pictus Drury, (Cerambyx) Insects, vol. 1, pi. 41, fig. 2. (*)

Abundant on the Hickory in spring, and on Solidago in autumn.

Eobilis Harris, (Clytus) Trans. Nat.Hist. Soc. Hartford, p. 84. (*)
This species is quite rare in this locality.

fulminans Fabr. (Clytus) Syst. El. 2, p. 346. (*)
Taken on the wood wharves in June.

ERIPHUS Serv.
suturalis Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 411. (*)

Taken on the Ox-eye daisy in August, near Gloucester, New Jersey.

96 [Dkcembek

CLYTUS Fabr.
scutellaris Oliv. (Callidium) Ent. No. 70, 61; tab. 5, fig. 52. (*)

Taken on flowers in July. Not common,
luscus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, p. 347. (»)

On Hickory in July, in a wood near the Media Rail-road,
erythrocephalus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, p. 350. («)

Very common on Hickory in June,
capraea Sai/, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 424. (®)

On flowers in June. Rare,
marginicollis Lap. Mon. p. 41; tab. 9, fig. 50. ('•■■)

At the wood wharves, on Pine, in April. Generally not common,
ruricola Oliv. (Callidium) Ent. 4, p. 65. (*)

Taken on the wood wharves. Rather rare in this locality,
nitidus Horn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. ISGO, p. 570; pi. 8, fig. 2. («)

One specimen found in Grlouce.ster County, New Jersey. Very rare,
pubescens Dej. Cat. Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 10, p. 40. (*)

In Pine woods in the month of July. Not common.
COlonus Fabr. Syst. El. 2, p. 345. («)

Abundant on Pine, in June.
4-maculatus Hald, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 41. (®)
Found on the Black Elder in June. Very rare.

CYRTOPHOETJS Lee.
verrucosus Oliv. (Callidium) Ent. 4, p. 67. (*)
On the Walnut in May. Not common.

EUDERCES Lee.
picipes Fabr. (Clytus) Syst. El. 2, 353. (»)

Taken on the White Thorn when in blossom.
pini Oliv. (Clytus) Ent. 4, p. 71; tab. 8, fig. 105. (»)

On scrub Oak near Timber Creek, New Jersey, in June. Rare.

OBRIUM Serv.
rubrum Newm. Ent. Mag. 5, p. 395.
Taken on Ash. Very rare.

pallidum Say, (Callidium) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3. p. 412. (*)
On Oak in June. Rare.

IBIDION Serv.
4-maculatum Hald. (Heterachthes) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 43. (*)
Found on Hickory from June to August. Rare.

NECYDALIS Linn.
mellitus Say, (Molorcbus) Journ. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 191. (*)
On flowers, in July. Very rare.

18«>1] ^I

HELI0MA3TES Nowrn.

bimaculatus Say, (Molorchus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. .3, p. 428. (*)
Taken on the Walnut in June.

ACAITTHODERES Sorv.

Morrisi Ulilcr, Proc. Acad. Kat. Sc. Phila. 7, p. 417.

i know of but two specimens of this rare and beautiful insect found in
this locality; they were captured by Mr. Ileury Feldmaa.

quadrigibbus Say, (Acanthocinus) Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 195. (*)

On the wood wharves in June. Rare,
decipiens Ifald. (.^gomorphus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 45. (*)

Found on Oak in June.

GRAPHISUEUS Kirby.

fasciatus DeGeer, (Cerambyx) Insects, 5, p. 114; tab. 14, fig. 7. (••■)

On Oak in June. Abundant,
pusillus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, p. 167. (*)

Found on Oak trees in a wood near the Media Rail-road, in June.

.EDILIS Serv.

nodosus Fahr. (Lamia) Syst. El. 2, p. 289. (*)

Found under the bark of Pine from June to September. The specimens
collected in this locality are quite small compared with those found
in the Pine forests of New Jersey,
obsoletus Oliv. (Lamia) Ent. 67, 13, 90. (»)

Taken under the bark of Pine stumps. Not common

LEPTOSTYLUS Lee.

aculiferus Say, (Lamia) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 329. (•■■■)
On Oak trees.

commixtus Said. (Amniscus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 47. (•■■)
Taken on Pine trees.

macula Say, (Lamia) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5. jJ. 2GS. (®)
Found on Oak in June.

fascicularis Harris, (Lamia) Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Hartford, p. 88.
On Oak trees in the month of June.

LlOPirS Serv.

maculatus Ilald. (Hyperplatys) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 49. (*)
On Maple trees in July.

symmetricus Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. ,50.
Taken on Oak and Walnut in June. Rare.

angulatus Lcr. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd. ser. 2, p. 172.
( )ii the wood wharves.

^^ [Decembkk

biguttatus Lee. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd. scr. 2, p. 172. (*)

Taken on the wood wharves,
variegatus Ilald. (Amniscus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 47. («)

Found on Pine trees.

alpha Sai/, (Lamia) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 270. (»)
On Oak and Mulberry trees.

EUPOGONITJS Lcc.

tomentoSTis Ilald. (Dcsmiphora) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 50. (*)
On Pine wood in June.

vestitus Say, (Saperda) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 273. (»)
Found on Oak in June.

FOGONOCHERTJS Latr.
mixtus Raid. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 50. (*) ^

In Pine woods in July.

MONOHAMMUS Serv.
titillator'PaJr. (Lamia) Syst. El. 2, 2'J5. (»)

Common on Pine wood in June,
confusor Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 4, p. IGS. (»)

A si:)ecimen of this fine ini^ect has been captured flying in the streets
of Philadelphia in June.

CACOPLIA Lee.
pruinosa Lcc. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd. ser. 2, p. 143.
Taken on Oak in June. Very rare.

GOES Lcc.

tigrina DeGccr, (Cerambj'x) Insects, 5, 113; tab. 14, fig. 6. («)
Taken on Oak trees in June.

tessellata Hahl. (Monohammus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 51.

Found on Oak near Timber Creek, New Jersey, in June. Very rare,
pulchra Hald. (Monohammus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 52. (*)

On Hickory in June, in a wood near the Media Rail-i'oad.

pulverulenta Hald. (Monohammus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 51. (*)
Found on Beach in June.

debilis Lcc. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd. ser. 2, p. 150. (*)
Taken on Oak trees in June.

TETRAOPES Dalm.

canteriator Drapiez, (Lamia) Ann. Gen. Sc. Phys. 2, p. 47; tab. 16, fig. 6. (®)
Taken on the milk-weei {Asclejjias) in June.

totrophtbalmus Forster, (Cerambyx) Cent. Ins. 41. (*)
Abundant on Asclepias in June.

1861.] 9»

PSEN0CERTJ8 Lee.
supornotatua Say, (Clytus) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 425. (*)
Found on O.ik and Hickory. Not common.

DECTE3 Lcc.
spinosa Say, (Lamia) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 271. (*)
On ripe Wheat, from June to August.

IIIPPOPSIS Serv.
loninisrata Fahr. (Saperda) Sj'st. El. 2, p. 330. (■'■)
Taken in June. Very rare.

HETffiMIS Ilald.
cinerea Oliv. (Saperda) Ent. 4, p. CS; tab. 3, fig. 35. (*)
Common on Mulberry in July.

DORCASCHEMA Lac.

Wildii Uhlcr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, p. 417. («)
Found on Mulberry in July.

alternatum Say, (Saperda) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 405. (^)
Abundant on Mulberry in July.

nigrum Say, (Saperda) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 272. (*)
On Hickory in July. Not common.

SAPERDA Fabr.

obliqua Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 274. («)

This fine species was collected in abundance in June and July of this
year, near Timber Creak, New Jersey.
Candida Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 319. (»)

Common on Apple and Quince in July.

vestita Say, Long's Exped. 2, p. 290. (*)

Found on the Linden in June. Abundant,
moesta Lcc. Agassiz Lake Superior, p. 234. (••■)

Very rare in this locality.
discoidea Fabr. Syst. El. 2, p. 322. (*)

Taken on Hickory in SvAy. Not common,
punoticollis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 40G. (*)

Found in June and July. Very rare,
lateralis Fabr. Syst. El. 2, p. 323. (»)

Very common on Hickory in June.
tridentata Oliv. Ent. 4, p. 28. (»)

Not common in this locality.

CYRTINTIS Lee.
pygmxus Hald. (Clytus) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 42.

This pretty little insect is very seldom taken in this neighborhood.

100 [Decembku

STENOSOMA Muls.

sordidum Hald. (Ataxia) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 56. (*)
On the wood wharves. Rare.

OBEEEA Muls.

ruficollis Fabr. (Saperda) Syst. El. 2, p. 322. («)
Found near Gloucester, New Jersey in June.

mandarina Fabr. (Saperda) Syst. El. 2, p. 321. (*)
Taken on flower.; in June.

tripunctata Fair. (Saperda) Syst. El. 2, p. 321. («)
On flowers in June.

DISTENIA Serv.
nndata Fabr. (Stenocorus) Syst. El. 2, p. 311. («)

Taken on Hickory and Beaeli, west of the Schuylkill River, in June,

ENCYCLOPS Newm.

coeruleus Say. (Leptura) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, p. 2S0. (*)
On the Blackberry in June.

DESMOCERTJS Serv.

palliatus Forstcr, (Cerainbyx) Cent. Ins. p. 40. (S-)
Very common on the Elder in June.

EHAGIUM Fabr.

lineatum Oliver, (Stenocorus) Hist, des Ins. 4, p. 13. (-)

Very common under the bark of Pine wood in the spring.

TOXOTTJS Serv.

cylindricollis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 417. ("■•■)

Taken on bushes and plants in June. Not common,
trivittatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, p. 422. (*)

A specimen of this fine insect was captured by Mr. S. H. Shinn, in the
latter part of June, opposite Manayunk.

cinnamopterus Randall, (Leptura) Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 2, p. 45. (*)
On Walnut in May. Rare.

ACM.ffiOPS Leo.

quadrivittatus Linn. (Leptura). Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, p. 65. (*)
Taken ou Tulip-poplar when in blossom.

GAUROTES Lee.
cyanipennis Say, (Leptura) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 423. (*)

This species is conunon on Cedar trees, near Wii^sahickon Creek, also
on the Tulip- Poplar in June.

1861] 101

CENTRODEEA Lee.
picta Hald. (Toxotus) Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. 10, p. 58. (*)

A specimen of this pretty insect was captured in June last at Frankford.

STEANGALIA Serv.
emarginata Fabr. (Leptura) Syst. El. 2, p. 356. (••■)

One specimen found on the Wild Kose, near Frankford.

bicolor Swcd. (Leptura) Act. Ilolm. 3, p. 197. (••■)
Taken on flowers in June.

luteicornis Fabr. (Leptura) Syst. El. 2, 361. (--)
On the blossoms of the Sweet Briar.

famelica. Nevjm. Ent. Mag. Hald. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, 61. (*)

On the blossoms of the Sweet Briar,
acuminata Oliv. (Leptura) Ent. 73, 3, 35. (*)

Taken on Sweet Briar,
lineola Saj/, (Leptura) Journ. Acad. Nat. So. 3, 421. (■••'•)

On the blossoms of Sweet Briar.

cruentata Hald. (Stenura) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 10, 64. (*)

One specimen collected on the wood wharves in June, by Mr. C. "Wilt.

cordifera Oliv. (Leptura) Ent. 73, 41. (•■■)
On Oak trees in June.

TYPOCERTIS Lee.
fugax Fabr. (Leptura) Syst. El. 2, 359. (*)
Taken on the Elder when in blossom.

LEPTURA Linn,
cribripennis Lee. Coleoptera of Kansas and New Mexico, p. 21. (*)

One specimen collected on flowers in West Phila.. by Mr. G. Newman.
rubrica Saij, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 418. (*)

On the Elder when in blossom.

vagans Oliv. Ent. 73, 46. («)

Taken on flowers in June and July. Not common.

8-notata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 419. (••■)

Found on Hickory. Rare in this locality,
vittata Oliv. Ent. 4, 30. (»)

Common on Hickory in June,
pubera Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 279. (*)

On flowers.

mutabilis Newm. Ent. Mag. p. 71. (•■■)
Also found on flowers. Rare.

nitens Forster, Cent. Ins. 45. (*)
On Oak bushes. Common.

lu conformity with the usages of similar institutions, we shall not hold
ourselves responsible for the facts or opinions of those who favor us with
their communications. The proof of the one, and the defence of the
other, will rest with the authors, whose proper signatures will in all cases
be prefixed.

'^Sl TKK.MS: ONK DOLLAR PKR ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. S

PROCEEDINGS

eap tb:b

'y^^.

niomologital

OF PHILADELPHIA.

JA.NU^RY & FEBRUi^IlY,

ise s

PHILADELPHIA;

mirJTEID FOU TUB SOCIETTT.

^-

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.
Vol. 1. JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1862. No. 5.

STATED MEETING, January 13.

President Newman in tLe Chair.
Eighteen members present.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The Committees on the papers of Baron Osten Saeken, Dr. Clemens,
and Mr. Buckley, read December 9th, reported in favor of their publica-
tion in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

520 specimens of Lepidoptera, from James Ridings.

223 specimens of Coleoptara, and 137 H^menoptera^ from Dr. T. B.
Wilson.

224 specimens of Coleoptet-a, from William Evett.

17 specimens of Diptera. and 4 Aptey<(^ and 3 Coleoptera, from Thom-
as Cox.

21 specimens of Colroptcrd, fnmi Rev. J. H. McFarland.
10 specimens of (Joleopfcvd . from Henry Feldman.
1<) specimens of (^nlropfira . from John Pearsall.
• ) specimens of l)ij>fi rn. fi'oni George Newman.

104 [January

1 specimen of Coleoptera, 1 Hymenoptera, and 1 Ortliopttra, from S.
H. Shinn.

1 specimen of Diptera, from"]Charles Wilt.
Total, — 1 1 76 specimens.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

American Bee Journal^ Vol. 1, Philadelphia, 1861. Presented by
Charles A. Blake.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. ?>, pages
193—224. From the Society.

Prairie Farmer ( CJiicogo, III.), iVbs. 22 to 25 of Vol. 8, and Nos.
1 and 2 of Vol. 9. From the Editors.

Proceedings of the Society for November and December, 1861. From
the Publication Committee.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A communication was read from Mr. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following insects during last month :—

Coptodera viridipennis Lee, under bark of Tulip-Poplar.
PlocMonus timidus Hald., under bark of Black Oak.

Schizogenius under stones.

Undecatomus rugosus Rand., under bark of Tulip-Poplar.

Hippodamia parenthesis Say, under stones.

And 80 specimens of Winter Tortrix under bark of Black Oak.

A letter was read from Mr. Cyrus Thomas of Murphysboro, Illinois, ac-
knowledging his election as a Correspondent of the Society; and also stat-
ing that during last season he ascertained that the Galgidus ocidatus in
his section of the country, feeds almost exclusively on a species of Tridac-
tyliis (or Al/fl) that he has named the T. lllinoiensis. It is some larger
than the apicalis Say, and about the size of tcrminalis Uhler.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " A
notice of several new species of Tenthredinidas, by Edward Norton."
And was referred to a Committee.

ELECTIONS.

Mr. William A. Nason of Chicago, Illinois, and Mr. Abraham S. Reber
of Howard, (■entre (bounty. Pennsylvania, were elected (■orrcspondnita of
the Society.

1S(;2.]

lu:,

Description of some larvae of North American Coleoptera.
HY HARON R. OSTKN SACKKN.

The fourteen larvre described in the sequel belonji,' all (with the excep-
tion of Fornax and Epilarhna'), to genera the preparatory states of which
have not, to my knowledge, been made known before. The most intei'est-
ing among them are PtiJodactyla^ the discovery of which will probably
contribute to establish the true location of this genus in the system; Zenoa,
belonging to the interesting family of Rln'}>irrriilsp.; Parandra, a genus
forming the extreme limit of the extensive family of Lo)igicnrns, and the
three unknown larva}, which, after the discovery of their imagos, will add
an entirely new form to the system of coleopterous larvae.

The larvae of Ptiloddcfi/ln, Fornax badius, Parandra, Arltopalus and
Centronopus were discovered by Dr. Horn in Philadelphia, to whose kind
communication I am indebted for them.

Zenoa and Prlonori/plion were found by Benj. D. Walsh, Esq., Rock
Island, Illinois.

Coprla rurollmt, FAeiion-ni^ and Ejx'lac/uia were reared by myself.

Of the three unknown larvae two species were found among alcoholic
specimens of coleoptera from the southern parts of this country and the
third was discovered by Dr. Horn.

All the specimens described had been preserved in alcohol.

COPRIS CAKOLINA Linn.
(Plate 1. Fig. ].)

The larva has the general appearance of all the larvae of LamflUcornx^
only the curved or doubled shape, peculiar to them, is more striking here
than in any other, the ventral segments of the abdomen being considerably
contracted, whereas the dorsal ones are very convex and distended into a
hump-like expansion, through which the contents of the intestinal canal
can be seen.

The length of the larva, if measured along the curved axis of the body,
is about two inches; its color, a dirty yellowish-white; the skin is glabrous,
except a few scattered hairs.

Head rounded, brownish-yellow with darker spots; vertex convex, with
an impressed line, emitting two, less distinct branches, in the middle; front
flattened; epistoma trapezoidal, with an impression each side; lahrum short,
transverse, narrowed at the base, bisinuated anteriorly and beset with short,
erect bristles; anfcinipr, 4-joiiited, about as long as epistoma and labrum
taken toaether, inserted on a tubercle, which mitrht almost be taken for a

106 [Januarv

fifth joint; joints cylindrical; the first a little longer than the second; sec-
ond and third of the same length; fourth joint short, slender, attenuated
at the tip, inserted at an angle to the axis of the antenna ; mandib/es horny,
very strong, with three blunt denticulations at the tip; their stout basal
portion emits a strong tooth, concealed inside of the mouth (this is the
description of the left mandible; the n'fjht mandible of my specimen seems
to be more worn, as it has neither denticulations at the tip, nor an inner
tooth); nidjtllse: stout cardinal piece, placed obliquely; basal piece elon-
gated, subcylindrical, horny; it bears two lobes; the outside one, close by
the palpus is coriaceous, elongated, beset with stiff bristles and ends in a
blunt point, directed upwards (towards the labrum); the inner lobe (con-
cealed inside of the mouth), is shorter and ends in a strong, horny, curved
point; it has some bristles on the inside, near the base; maxillary palpi 4-
jointed; joints short, subcylindrical; second joint a little longer than the
third; last joint likewise longer, pointed; mentmn quadrangular, somewhat
narrowed at the base; paljiigerous piece transverse, rounded on the sides,
excised in the middle and beset with bristles; labial palpi 2-jointed; first
joint short, stout, tuberculiform ; second joint small, narrow, almost rudi-
mentary.

Thoracic .si'i/moits narrower than those of the remainder of the body;
the first with a horny, almost square piece on each side of the back and
with a few scattered hairs; flic fccf with a few scattered hairs: coxas cy-
lindrical, elongated, but little shorter than the remainder of the foot; fem-
ora and tibijie almost soldered together, a vestige of a joint being percep-
tible only on the upper side; the first are subcylindrical, the latter incras-
sated at the base, attenuated at the tip, which is crowned with a few min-
ute bristles, and two longer hairs, evidently representing rudiments of un-
gues.

Alxlnmrn very convex, bag-like on its back, glabrous, with the excep-
tion of a few scattered hairs; dorsal segments with transverse folds in the
middle; under the anal aperture there is a semicircular, coriaceous piece,
densely covered with short bristles, except in the middle, which is smooth
and shining; it probably aids the larva in its motions.

Each larva Avas found enclosed in a globular case of dung or earthy mat-
ter, about an inch and a quarter in diameter. Early in spring, I found
these cases imbedded in the sand on the banks of the Potomac. The lar-
va) underwent their transformation in confinement in the course of the
summer, and although the pu])9e died before the exclusion of the perfect
iiis(!ct. their form proved without any possible doubt that they were Cnjin's
(■(iriilniii.

1862.] " K»7

This larva shows a decided analogy with those of Oufhif/jhui/u^ ( Muls-
ant, Lamellicornes, p. 104, tab. I, fig. 5) and Canthon w/<;e/ts'(('aMdeze,
Hist, des Mctam. de quclques larves exotiques, tab. II, fig. 2), with the
following differences: it is much stouter than both, especially than Can-
thon; it has no vestige of a hairy protuberance on the back, like Ontho-
2ih(ujus) its labruni is less distinctly three-lobed.

ZENOA PICEA Beauv.
(Plate 1. Fig. 2.)

Larva resembling those of the B/aferidse or Touhrlonidec in general ap-
pearance ; cylindrical, the head being almost of the same breadth as the
body, substance hard, horny, more or less dark brown; length, a little
more than an inch. "^

Head stout, rounded, almost subglobular. inserted in the first thoracic
segment, so that the front and the occiput above and a part of the gula
below, are not covered by this segment. Front and occiput are deeply
punctate; the latter has a short, longitudinal furrow in the middle; gula
submembranaceous. Oral opening wide; its upper border somewhat re-
flexed, incrassated ; its lower border, enclosing the maxiiUc and the under
lip, is cut out square, but does not reach the border of the thorax.

Lahrum transverse, horny, jagged anteriorly, very uneven on its sur-
face, showing deep punctures, placed in a row posteriorly, a depression
before them, and many wrinkles on their intervals.

Antiiinfe. rudimentary, apparently retractile, as they seem to be repre-
sented by two short tubercles, ending in a l»ristle, and projecting from a
pit visible on each side of the head, on the oral border.

Ocelli not apparent.

Mandibles small, horny, strong, subpyramidal, ending in three teeth,
the intermediate being the largest; the furrows, forming the intervals of
these teeth, run some distance down the outside of the mandible; there is
an excavation between them. This ]iair of organs is concealed deeply
within the oral opening and cannot be distinctly seen, unless the mouth
is dissected.

Maxillae: a rather large cardinal piece, connate with the mentum ; a
basal piece, which is more than twice broader than it is long; a small, al-
most horny, suboblong, lamelliform lobe, rounded at the tip and bristly on
the inside, and a second, still smaller, inner lobe, inserted below the first
and closely applied to it; it is also beset with bristles and is concealed
from view by the labium; maxillary palpi short, conical. 4-jointed; the
first joint, although the longest, is still broader than long; the other joints

108 [Jantiarv

short, transverse; the last pointed.

The lahivm consists firstly, of a triangular or heart-shaped nientum, en-
closed between, and connate with the cardinal pieces of the maxilla?; a fine
impressed line indicates their suture ; secondly, of a short, transverse, palpi -
gerous piece, bearing on each side a short. 2-jointed palpus, with a stout
basal and small narrow terminal joint; thirdly, of a large horny piece, situ-
ated behind the latter one, and occupying the whole width between the
lobes of the maxillae. It is bisinuated anteriorly and as it projects above the
palpi, the latter are very indistinct, and appear concealed in an excavation.

First thoracic segment but little longer than broad, deeply punctate,
like the head; a transverse furrow, running near by, but somewhat obli-
quely to, the anterior border, separates anteriorly a narrow, densely striate
band, which is broader on both sides than in the middle; a second trans-
verse, but less definite furrow runs from the middle of the back, where it
is almost obsolete, down both sides, reaching the first furrow on the under-
side of the body.

Second and third thoracic segments transverse, almost three times broad-
er than long, deeply punctate, like the first. The stigma is placed on each
side near the anterior margin of the mesothorax.

Feet inserted in a depression on the underside of the thorax; they are
very short, approximated at their bases and consist, besides the coxa, of
three short, stout joints, the last of which ends in a strong unguis.

Abdominal segments, eight in number, cylindrical, broader than long,
perfectly annular, as there is no visible suture on the sides or below, sep-
arating the ventral from the dorsal segments. The dorsum is punctate,
but more sparsely than the thorax; the venter is smooth, except at the
posterior margins of the segments, which are finely striate. The eighth
segment is punctate all round, and more densely than the others. The
posterior part of this segment is obliquely truncate and is closed posterior-
ly by a round, flat, horny piece, punctate on the outside and which can,
to a certain extent, be opened and closed like a lid, being connected by a
hinge superiorly and an expanding membrane inferiorly. This lid is to
be considered as the ninth segment of the abdomen.

The segments 2 — 7 of the abdomen, have each, on the dorsal side, near
the anterior margin, a pair of deep pits, somewhat angular anteriorly.

The eighth segment has, on the same place as the pits of the previous
segments, a pair of short, oblique grooves, running towards the anterior
incisure and finely striated at the bottom. The presence of eight pairs of
abdominal stigmata is indicated by small, round, smooth discs or depres-
sions, with eleA^ated margin, situated on both sides of the body, on the

same line with the thoracic sti<;ina. IJetween each pit and the sti<>nia of
the same segment, a sniall excavation, finely striated at the bottom, is per-
ceptible close by the incisure, the anterior portion of this excavation be-
ing covered by the posterior margin of the previous segment.

This larva was communicated to Dr. LeConte by Benj. D. Walsh Esq..
in Rock Island, Til., as being probably that of Zrnoa picrn. He had found
it under bark, in Southern Illinois, together with the perfect insect.

Mr. Caudf^ze in his recent pamphlet (Hist, des metam. de qlq. larves
exot. 1801) describes a larva from Ceylon, which shows the closest resem-
blance to the above described one. But Mr. Candeze's larva was sent to
him as that of an elaterideous insect, Campsosternus Templetonii.

Dr. John L. LeConte. to whom I communicated my doubts on this sub-
ject, informed me that a clerical error had probably been committed in re-
gard to " Cfonpsostenm.s" as there is a CaUlrhlpix Tcniph'tonl! from Ceylon.
which genus is next to Zi'noa. Thus there can be no other doubt, I think,
about the family to which both larvae belong.

The differences between these larvae are immaterial. An ocellus on
each side of the head was distinctly seen on the larva from Ceylon ; I could
not perceive any on mine ; besides, the antennae of my larva are shortei-,
but, as they seem to be retractile, this shortness may be only apparent.

But I differ from 3Ir. Candeze in the interpretation of the two rows of
pits on the abdominal segments of the larva. He takes them for stigmata
and says, in accordance with this supposition, that the larva has the ab-
normal number of six pairs of stigmata on the abdominal segments and
none on the thorax. My larva shows, as stated above, the normal arrange-
ment of these organs: a pair on the thorax and eight pairs on the abdomen.

These stigmata, although very small, are quite distinct and placed on
each side below the row of dorsal pits. With a strong lens, a double slit
may be seen at the bottom of each. Mr. Candeze mentions "small depres-
sions with an elevated margin and smooth bottom" which he perceived on
each side of the anterior abdominal segments, below the pits, and which
were obliterated on the posterior segments. May they not be the true
stigmata ?

■J-*

PTILODACTYLA ELATEKINA Illi?.
(Plate 1. Fig. -A.)

Larva 0.35 — 04 long, cylindrical above, venter flattened ; head and thor-
ax a little broader than the remaining segments; consistency horny on
the dorsal segments, softer on the ventral ones ; head and thorax horny,
reddish-brown; dorsal segments yellowish-brown, venter paler; the body

110 [January

is beset with uumerous, although uot deuse, long, erect hairs, forming trans-
verse rows on the dorsal side.

Head horizontal, rather short, rounded, somewhat stout, inserted in the
prothorax. a transverse portion of the front, not much longer than the pro-
jecting parts of the mouth (including the epistoma), remaining uncoverd;
(lutcunpe inserted on the sides of the head, a little shorter than the breadth
of the labrum, 4-joiuted, basal joint very short, transverse, more than twice
broader than long, second joint subcylindrical, less than twice longer than
broad, third joint cylindrical, about the same length with the third, but
much narrower, obli(iuely truncated at the tip ; the fourth joint is repre-
sented by two minute, short articles, closely applied to each other and in-
serted in the truncature of the third joint; a black spot on each side of
the head, close behind the antenujv;, may foreshadow the appearance of
ocelli, which are not otherwise perceptible; front irregularly wrinkled, ep-
istoma short, transverse, its posterior suture very distinct, straight in the
middle, slightly oblique on both sides; labrum transverse, not longer and
a little narrower than the epistoma, horny, its anterior margin nearly
straight, slightly recurved in the middle, so as to form a distinctly elevated
edge; its surface has two minute impressed points, with a hair inserted on
each; niajidthhs horny, stout, slightly arciiated exteriorly and hollowed
out on the inside, with three blunt teeth at the tip; unless removed, they
arc concealed inside of the mouth and do not project beyond the labrum;
inaxillic : a short, obli(jue cardinal piece; a broad, coriaceous basal piece;
two lobes of the same consistency; the inner one narrow, short-lanceolate,
pointed at tip, with six or seven stout bristles on the inside; the other,
inserted between the first and the palpus, and separated from the basal
piece by a distinct sutu.re, is also coriaceous, rounded at tip. on the inner
side of which a palpiform, subcylindrical. stout joint, pointing inside, is
inserted; three stout bristles are placed immediately behind it; maxillary
palpi 4-joiuted, conical, joints of about e(|ual length, diminishing in
breadth; mrufnm large, flat, disclike, broader than long, rounded on the
sides, partly concealing the basis of the maxillae; palpigerous piece horny,
broad, with a bisinuated projection in the middle, between the palpi,
which are 2-jointed, short.

Prothorax as long as it is broad, with numerous transverse wrinkles on
its anterior half, more smooth posteriorly; laterally it is bent on both sides
towards the pectus, so as to be convex above and concave below; its lateral
edges are sharp and project over the basis of the coxae; its anterior and
posterior margins above are straight; the lateral ones slightly rounded;
the angles are also rounded; its iinterior portion below is a triangular skin,

1862.]

Ill

coverins: the basis of the head. The second and fhird se":ments of the
thorax as well as eight segments of the abdomen are nearly of the same
length, short, transverse, smooth, except some indistinct punctures in which
the hairs are inserted, especially a row of theni near the posterior margin.

These segments are bent on both sides towards the venter, so that the
sutures between them and the latter are on the underside of t'le body.

Ninth or hint Nefpnenf of the abdomen convex above, rounded posterior-
ly, projecting beyond its ventral side, which has a large, fleshy tubercle
(pseudopod), with a fissure in the middle.

A longitudinal impressed line is visible on the posterior part of the
prothoras and on the three following segments.

The feet have the usual structure: a large oblique coxa, a distinct, sub-
lanceolate trochanter, a stout, short femur, a narrower tibia ending in a
horny unguis; the in-ide of the femora is lined with a few short bristles.

The stigmata are perhaps concealed within one of the ventral furrows,
as notwithstanding my repeated eftbrts I did not succeed in finding them.
The pnpa has two bristles, inserted at some distance from each other,
near the anterior margin of the ]n-othorax ; two similar bristles close before
the root of the wings; the abdomen is conical, beset with fine hairs on the
margins of the segments; its tip is bifid.

Dr. George H. Horn who kindly communicated to me this larva, makes
the following statement about its discovery (Proc. Jhit. Soc. Phila. 1861.
p. 29), " One specimen of the perfect insect and many pupae, together
•' with one larva, were taken by myself. They were all found in one log,
•' which was rather moist and rotten, its texture being so destroyed that
" it was impossible to distinguish the species, though it was probably an
" oak. The pupai were concealed by a thin layer of wood, and were on
•' the side adjacent the earth. The identity of the pupag was established
•' by raising several, and by means of the cast larva skin, which adhered
•' to a pupa, I was enabled to identify the larva."

Although this insect is placed in the same family with (Ji/pkon, it is
difficult to discover any points of resemblance between the larvae of both.

The general appearance, the mode of life and the details of the struc-
ture are totally different. The long antenna? and maxillary palpi, the
large labrum, excised anteriorly, the depressed, onisciform appearance of
the larva of Ci/))li(i)i. (and Prlonoryplion), are replaced here by short an-
tenna) and palpi, a short, transverse labrum. almost entire anteriorly, and
a cylindrical body, reminding in form and consistence of the \&v\-x. of
Elaterldac. The mentum is rather broad in both genera; still it is much
larger in Cijplion, where it occupies the greater part of the underside of

112 [January

the head; its labial palpi are remarkably distant from each other, whereas
they are approximated in the larva of PtUodactyla. It may be that the
larva (A Atopa^ if better known, would show more relations-hip to the lat-
ter; but the details given in the only description (without figure) which
is extant (Erichs. Wiegm. Arch. 18 i I, p. 88 and Chap. & Candcze, 1. c. p.
492) seem rather to justify an opposite conclusion. Antcnras, episttnia,
labrum, mandibles, maxillae etc., of the larva of At( fa .'ccm to le dif er-
ent. Its head is perpendicular, as in the LLmellicoin larvae, and not hor-
izontal.

It would be difficult at present to point out any other relationship of
the larva of PtilodnrtyJn; that to the Elatcridse is merely confined to seme
analogy in the general appearance; the differences are very considerable.

FORNAX BADIUS Mels.
(Plate 1. Fig. 4.)

The first larva of Fornax was described and figured by Mr. Coquerel
in the Annales de la Soc Enfom. Vol. IV, 3e Serie, 185'J. It came from
Madagascar. The larva of the American s] eces, kindly communicated
to me by Dr. Horn in Philadelphia, agrees with that of Mr. CVquoel in
all the principal characters, especially the singular structure of the head.

The larva of F. badius is 0.83 long, linear, flat, slightly coarctate at the
incisures; its consistence is tough, its color (except the head and some
horny spots on the body), yellowish; it has no feet. Examined under a
strong lens, the skin of the larva appears finely striate.

T/if head is semi-elliptical, flat, horny, dark brown in the middle, red-
dish-brown on the sides; its sharp margins are serrated as follows: in the
middle, anteriorly, there is a small excision with two minute projections,
or teeth, on each side; behind them, six larger teeth may be counted on
each side, the last of which is the largest and is preceded by a deeper ex-
cision. The interpretation of these teeth, as parts of the mouth, is not
without difficulty. The two pairs of minute projections on the anterior
part of the head, if viewed from below, appear separated from the lower
cephalic plate by a stout, bisinuated suture and may, perhaps, be taken
for the underlip. In the interval between the first and second lateral
teeth a very minute, 2-jointed, palpiform organ, with a similar, 1-jointed
organ close by it, on the inner side, are perceptible. They project from
a perforation in the horny substance of the head and seem to be retractile,
as they are not visible in some specimens. I incline to take the one for
the maxillary palpus and the other for the inner lobe of the maxilla. The
lateral teeth 2 — 4. seen from below, appear separated by a suture. This

1862.] \V6

piece may be the mandible. Finally the last and largest lateral tooth I
would consider as the lateral angle of the cephalic shell and the place
where the antenna, of which not a rudiment however is perceptible here,
is generally inserted. (Mr. Corjuerel considers this last tooth as the man-
dible.) 1 hus, the mandibles soem to be closely connate with the cephalic
shell and not susceptible of any independent motion. The oral opening
is only a small transverse slit on the anterior sharp edge of the head. Ex-
cept the above mentioned sutures on the underside, the surface of the
head is perfectly smooth and shining, above and below. No ocelli are
discernible.

l^'ie two Jiraf thoraric s^rgmniti^. are longer, broader, and somewhat stout-
er than the abdominal ones; the first is a little narrowed anteriorly, the
second almost square; the third segment is transverse, but little broader
than the abdominal ones, and exactly like them in shape. The fust seg-
ment of the thorax has, on each side, laterally, a brow*, horny, polished
spot; it has, besides, in the middle of the dorsal, as well as of the ventral
side, two similar spots, having the shape of an inverted comma, and deep-
ly striated on their broader end; they j;re placed longitudinally, ] arallel
to each other; the space between them is occupied by a square, opaque
spot of a velvety appearance.

The second thoracic segment has, on its dorsal side, two pale brown,
horny, elongated, closely approximated, deeply striated spots, enclosed in
a horse-shoe-shaped, opaque, velvety band; the ventral side of the seg-
ment has exactly the same structure, only the two striated spots coalesce
here in one. The thoracic stigmata, placed on the sides of this segment,
are very distinct.

The ((bdomlnaJ segments are nine in number; the three first are trans-
verse, broader than they are long; the following are smicwhat longer, so
that the sixth, seventh and eighth are almost square; each of the segments,
except the ninth, has a pair of dis inct stigmata placed on the sides, close
under the margin of the preceding segment. The four anterior ones have,
near the anterior margin, a narrow, opaque, velvety band and behind this
band, a small, horny, transverse streak of undefined outline, covered with
fine longitudinal striae. The four following segments have, instead of the
velvety band, a larger, triangular or semicircular spot of the same nature.

The ventral side shows exactly the same structure. All the velvety
spots show in a certain light, a golden, sericeous reflection.

The ninth or last segment of the abdomen is a little broader, although
not longer, than the preceding ones, rounded at the tip; its basal portion
is of the same color and consistence with the other segments; its tip is

114 January

brown, horny and punctate. On the dorsal side, at the basis, this segment
has a semicircular, velvety spot, like the preceding segments. On the ven-
tral side it has a semicircular excavation with a finely denticulated anterior
(arcuated) margin, a finely granulated bottom, and a posterior (straight)
margin, indicated by a row of short, rude, longitudinal furrows. A short
longitudinal groove may be seen, besides, among the granules of the bot-
tom; it is evidently the anus.

There is no distinct suture between the dorsal and ventral segments,
neither on the thorax, nor on the abdomen.

This larva resembles in every respect that described by Mr. Coquerel,
except that he counted eight abdominal segments, instead of the normal
number of nine, which admits of no doubt in my specimens. A slight
diiference is also observable in the shape of the horny, striated spots of
the first thoracic segment; in the larva from Madagascar, their anterior
end is broader th|,n the posterior one. Mr. Coquerel difiiers besides from
me in the interpretation of certain parts of the head ; he does not mention
the minute palpiform projections and considers as mandibles, wbat I take
to be the lateral corners of the cephalic shell, which, in normally organ-
ized larvae, are the places of insertion of the antenna?. iMy supposition is
.strengthened by the comparison of the larva of J/rA/.s/'.s, where the antenna?
are developed.

The pupa of F. hndhis is U.35 long, elongated, pale yellowish, with
sparse hairs and bristles on the head and hairy tufts at the tip of the
body. (See Coquerel's figure, 1. c. Tab. XV, fig. 8 K.)

The flat, sharp-edged, denticulated head of the larva of Forna.r with its
connate parts of the moiith, apparently capable only of almost impercepti-
ble motions, and the small oral opening, render it very probable, in my
opinion, that these larva? pierce the skin of other wood-boring larva) and
suck the contents of their body. In this respect they would only resem-
ble their congeners, the Elaterideous larvae, some of which are known to
be predaceous.

Dr. Horn found numerous larvae and pupjis in June, in the stumps of
oak trees undergoing a state of dry decay. When about to assume the
pupa state, the larva becomes doubled upon itself, U-shaped. The pupa
state lasts two weeks. (See Proc. Entoni. Soc. Phila. 1801, p. 4o.)

FORNAX ORCHESIDES Newm. (?)
(Plate 1. Fig. 5.)

Since 1 obtained from Dr. Horn the previous larva, I easily recognized
a.s a Forhd.r an undetermined larva of my collection, which I had found

several years ago near Berkeley Springs in Virginia. As it is alxjut an
inch and a fifth long, it must be that of the largest s{)ecies of the genus.
Fornii.r i>r</iisi(/( s ( oi'. jierhajts 7'\ /h'i-o/dj- ?).

It agrees with the larva of F. IhkIIhs \n all inijtortant characters, so tliat
it will be sufficient here to point nut the diflerences.

'llic litad is somewhat broader anteriorly and the lateral pieces (man-
dibles H are three and not four-toothed as in the other larvte. The surface
of the head above is sparsely punctate. Thi palpiforni projections, although
minute, are discernible.

The first tliordcic sr(/)nriif is twice broader than long, narrowed anteri-
r»rly. rounded on the sides ; its substance is almost horny. reddish-broAvn ;
the surface is punctate, with a longitudinal groove on each side, two trian-
gular, darker spots in the middle, especially apparent on the ventral side,
and a triangular, sericeous spot between them, near the posterior margin ;
this spot is broader on the ventral than on the dorsal side.

The two fullowlng thorarir and the ahdnminal sripnents, except the last.
are covered, above and below, with dense longitudinal striae. Near the
anterioi' margin of each, in the middle, there is a sericeous spot, which is
rouiul on all segments, on the dorsal as well as on the veiitial side, except
on the second thoracic segment above, where it is tridentate. and on the
second and third thoracic segments below, where it is reversed truncated
heart-shaped.

T/i' litst ((hdijiniiiid >ieijui,int is of a more horny consistence, deeply punc-
tate, hollowed out below. In the middle of the underside there are the
same granulations as in the former larva, arranged in concentric rows,
round a furrow in the middle. The basis of the same side has deep long-
itudinal furrows. The truncated posterior margin of the segment shows
two minute. obli((ue, horny points.

As to the proportions of the segments, the thoi-acic ones are broader than
long, the abdcnuinal ones almost square, except two or three intermediate
ones, which are a little longer than broad and somewhat narrowed at both
ends; the last segment is longer than broad, suboval.

PRIONOCYPHON DISCOIDEUS Suv.

iiarva onisciforni. elongated, flattened, with sharp latcial edges, slight-
ly attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly; its consistence is coriaceous; xX's
(■olor a dull ])ale yellowish; its length U.4.

Ihiid rather large, about half so broad as the first thoracic segment;
anterior margin of the u]i]ier ceiihalic ]date almost straight, dividini;- the
head transv(!rsoly in two almost e(|ual parts, t\\^'. posterior of which (^oin-

lit! [January

prises the broad, but short, front, with a group of black ocelH on each side;
the anterior one showing the upper surface of the parts of the mouth.

AnteMnse, inserted immediately before the ocelli, almost half so long as
the body, setaceous; they have two cylindrical basal joints, the second
longer than the first; the remainder of the antenna is very slender, grad-
ually attenuated towards the tip and consisting of numerous short joints,
of which more than 150 can be counted.

No distinct epistoma; Jahrwm occupying only one third of the breadth
of the head, nearly as broad as it is long, narrowed posteriorly, rounded
on the sides, and with a broad excision anterioi'ly ; it bears several bristles.

Mandibles stout at the base, attenuated towards the tip, which is point-
ed; arcuated on the outside and slightly excavated on the inside; their
direction being nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, they
do not cross nor touch each other; their color is pale, brown only at tip.

MaxiJIpe. elongated, fleshy, ending in a coriaceous, yellowish-brown lobe,
ciliated on the margin; an oblique brown suture runs from that lobe down
a part of the maxilla, thus separating a narrow piece on which the palpus
is inserted; the latter placed on a cylindrical basal tubercle, resembling a
fifth joint, elongated, almost longer than the maxilla, 4-jointed; joints cy-
lindrical, slender; the first is the longest; the second and third of equal
length, shorter than the first; the fourth still shorter and more slender.

UnderJip very large, covering a considerable portion of the underside
of the head. It consists firstly of a trapezoidal basal piece, immediately
adjoining the anterior margin of the thorax; secondly of a large, rounded,
cushion-like piece, on the anterior sides of which the palpi are inserted;
the latter are 2-jointed and uniisually distant from each other; thirdly of
a lingua, slightly projecting from behind the latter piece and ending in
three stout bristles.

Flrat thorncic segment elliptical, convex and smooth above, twice broad-
er than long, its sides rounded, lined with a few bristles; its anterior an-
gles hardly indicated. Second and thire/ segments transverse, shorter
than the first, but of the same breadth; smooth above, somewhat rounded
and ciliated on the sides. These three dorsal segments project considera-
bly beyond the ventral ones.

The firt ;irc rather long; coxfc large, placed obliquely inwards, those of
each pair touching each other at the tips; femora and tibi?e cylindrical,
clothed with sbnvt bristles; ungues slender, elongated, spinose about the
middle.

Abdaniiii with eight dorsal and nine veiiti'al segments; smooth and con-
vex above and below; lateral edaes sharp, clothe I with soft hairs; seaments

i8t;-j.] 117

short, nearly of the same length; their breadth is that of the last thorac-
ic segment; the posterior ones however, are somewhat attenuated; the last
dorsal segment is trapezoidal, longer than the preceding; its posterior mar-
gin is sinuated.

An almost imperceptible longitudinal impressed line runs along the
middle of the dorsal side of the body, on the thoracic and abdominal seg-
ments.

This larva shares all the striking characters of the larvae of Cyphon^ as
characterized by Erichson (see Chapuis & Candeze, Catalogue des larves
etc. p. 493, tab. V, fig. 5); the long antennte, the rounded labrum, excised
anteriorly, the long maxillary palpi, the large labium, with the labial pal-
pi very distant from each other etc.. are common to both. If my descrip-
tion of the lingua and the maxill;\! is less detailed than that of this author,
it is merely because, having only a single specimen for examination, I did
not like to dissect it. No more than Erichson did I perceive any vestiges
of stigmata.

The differences which I observe consist in the form of the head, which,
in my specimen, is less expanded behind the antennae and in the more
considerable length of the latter.

To the discoverer of the larva, Benj. D. Walsh Esq., in Rock Island,
111., I am indebted for the following notice about its habits :-

'' The larvfe of Prionoci/plio)) {fisroidcns Say, occurred abundantly of va-
••rious sizes about the end of .May in the hollow of an oak stump contain-
•' ing a gallon or two of water. Some were in the decayed wood which
'• formed the walls of the hollow, but most of them were attached to pieces
" of loose wood and bark which lay at the bottom of the water. The
" pupae appeared to be found only in the walls of the hollow.

'• On the 7th of June, having given a fresh supply of the coffee-colored
" water from the stump to a number of these larvae, which I had placed
•• in a glass iar, I noticed them beneatli the surface of the water vibrating
'• vigorously up and down a pencil of hairs proceeding from a horizontal
•'slit in the tail. This pencil appeared to be about the length of four ab-
■'dominal segments; and on a subsequent occasion, one of the larvae hav-
•' ing suspended operations for a second or two. T was able to see. with the
••assistance of a double lens magnifying about four diameters, that the
••pencil was composed of three pair of filaments, each beautifully bipecti-
•■ nate. I presume it is used to extract air from the water.

" When at the surface this larva generally, but not ahvays. swims on its
••back, keeping its body slightly below the surface and striking with its
•• feet, .so as to jerk from point to point in a cui'ved line. The pencil of

118 [January

" hairs tuuches the surface all the time. beiii<; apparently not over one or
•'one and a half uiillimetres in length, and obscurely developed when coni-
" pared with the view obtained on June 7th under the surface of the water.

•' Occasionally a bubble of air is discharged from the tail. Generally.
• when it is beneath the surface, the anal pencil is retracted entirely. It
'• has the power of jerking its body suddenly round, and darting up and
" down with great vigor. Its remarkably long antenna} are constantly vi-
'• brating. like those of terrestrial insects. Its general habit is to crawl
•• on decayed wood beneath the surface, occasionally swimming to the sur-
" face, probably for a fresh supply of air.

•' The puj)a is white, with large black eyes which are very consjdcuous
'• liciicath. and two short black setaj on the occiput. The body is covered
•' with a short, white, erect down or pubescence. The antenn;i? are about
'• two-thirds the length of the body, placed lengthways beneath, side by
'•side. The body is scarcely .'1 inch. long.

" The imago occurred at the same time as the larva, in profusion, in the
•■rotten walls of the hollow. 1 found none in my breeding jar aftei'.Juno
■• 7th. From about Jime 14th to July 21st I was absent from home. On
•■ August 7th 1 examined the jar. and found eight or ten larv;\J in it. but
" no pupa3 or imagos.

'• The stump whence they were obtaineil. sujiplied many additional lar-
'• vai, but none have since developed into the imago state. Hence 1 con-
•■ elude that this insect is not double-brooded."

PARANDRA BRUNNEA l-\al.i.
(Plate 1. Fig. li.)

The longicorn larva? are remarkable for the great uniformity of their
general appearance and structure and although a considerable number of
them have been described, the characters distinjiviishin"' the larvai of the
different groups of this family have not. as yet, been sufficiently defined.

All that we know about these characters is contained in the following
passage of Erichson (Wiegm. Archiv. 1842. p. o7(i): ■•Notwithstanding
•• the great similitude between the larvte of Longicorns. some important
•• differences in the structui'e of those belonging to the four divisions of
•this family may Itc noticed. The larv;e of the fj(imli(hr differ more than
••the others, on account of the total absence of feet and the position of
■■ the ffrst pair of stigmata which is placed in the fold between ])ro- and
•• in(>sotboracic segnn^its. less abru]itly separated tlnin the othci's. Tbe
■• otiier larva' Inive this first jiair on the sides ot the niesothor.ix, and have

1862.] un

" feet, which however are sometimes so small, as to be perceptible only
" when magnified, even in hu'ge sized larvte. The Ceramhytidx^ (^Cc-
" rambt/x, Callidiion,) have on the posterior side of the prothorax, above
" and below, a fleshy, transverse fold, separated by a furrow from the
" horny disc of this segment; in the Fn'onidse. and Lepfio-idse, the same
" fold is visible only on the underside, The Lcphn-se have a large, flatten-
" ed head, as broad as the prothorax, whereas in the other longieorn
" larvse the head is small and much narrower than the thorax. The larvai
" of Prionidse, show the least differences from those of the Lcpfuridx, and
" that of Spondi/li)> is remarkably allied to the latter."

These characters, if used for the determination of larvae will be found
useful, but not in all cases exhaustive. The position of the mesothoracic
stigmata, for instance, is frequently such that it is difficult to decide
whether they belong to the mesothorax itself, or to the fold between it
and the prothorax. The absence of feet seems to be a good character of
the Lamildfe ; that exceptions occur, however, is proved by the larvae of
Arhopalnx, which has no feet, although belonging to the Ccramhijcidae.

A striking instance of the uniformity of structure which prevails
among the longieorn larva? is aff"orded by that of Parmidni. This genus
is located on the extreme limit of the family ; the appearance of the per-
fect insect is so different from that of the other lonijicorns that one miaht
be tempted to suspect, that its location among them was unnatural.
Nevertheless, its larva is a true longieorn larva, and could not possibly be
mistaken for anything else. The general appearance, the structure of the
head and mouth, the large development of the prothorax, with its horny
disc above and below, the fleshy protuberances along the back and the
venter, the Y-shaped anal opening, etc., this larva has in common with
all the others of the family. The size of the head, the presence of feet,
the fleshy fold on the posterior ventral margin of the jiiothorax, the posi-
tion of the first pair of stigmata, and the development of the ninth abdo-
minal segment, the anal portion of which, usually separated by a fold in
longieorn larvse, is very small hero, are so many indications of its i-elation-
ship to the Frionidx.

Length about an inch.

Head large, not much narrower than the prothorax. inserted in it i'ur
more than one half of its length ; when extracted its appeai-s heart-
shaped; a longitudinal suture runs in the middle, above and below; the
excision between the posterior rounded lobes is filled up with a fleshy sub-
stance forming the connection of the head with the prothorax. Its color
i.'^ yellowish. exc(!])t the margins of the oral o]iening. which are brownish.

120 [January

Episforiia trapezoidal ; its anterior angles rounded. Labrum longer than
broad, narrowed at the base, broadest before the middle and again narrow-
ed towards the tip, which is truncated and beset with golden pubescence.
Mandibles very stovit at the base, pointed at tip. almost pyramidal ; they
have no indentations; they are but little excavated on the inside and their
tip is but very slightly curved. Mnxillse: stout cardinal piece, short, trans-
verse basal piece, a small, coriaceous, bristly lobe, and a 3-joiuted palpus,
projecting beyond this lobe. Mcntmn transverse, rounded on the sides;
palpigerous piece small, bilobed, each lobe bearing a short, 2-jointed pal-
pus; Ungud very much developed, prolonged inside of the mouth and con-
sisting of two coriaceous lobes, pubescent along the margins and connate
on their flat surfaces, the margins only remaining free (this can be per-
ceived only by dissection). Antennse short, apparently l-jointed; first
joint the largest, second joint as if immersed or retractile in the first, third
but little longer, fourth minute and narrow.

Prothorax yellowish, brown on the anterior margin; its underside shows
three triangular pieces separated by distinct sutures; at the posterior cor-
ners of the middle one the feet are inserted on a pair of fleshy tubercles;
each side of the prothorax has also a triangular, elongated piece, placed
between the ventral and the dorsal horny plate; the latter is flat on the
back and recurved almost at right angles on the sides, so as to encroach
considerably on the lateral sides of the prothorax; its dorsal disc is limit-
ed on both sides by a longitudinal fold, tinged with brown, beginning at
the posterior margin, but not ([uite reaching the anterior one; the anterior
portion of this dorsal disc is smooth, the posterior one covered with fine,
bi'own. granulations more extended anteriorly in the middle than on the
sides; the posterior margin of this disc is abrupt, steep and smooth. The
middle triangle of the breast-plate has the same granulations on its poster-
ior half; they are also extended to a portion of the lateral triangles.

The tiro (ithrr tJinracic !<i(jmrnfH are short, wrinkled; on the underside,
between the feet of each pair, two oblique wrinkles, connected by a trans-
verse furrow, may be observed. The feet are short and consist of a fleshy,
tubercular coxa, a short femur and tibia and an elongated nail. The first
pair of stigmata is placed on the sides of the mesothorax.

The seven first dbdomlnrd sajmnifs have each, on the dorsal, as well as
the ventral side a fleshy protuberance, which is oblong on two or three an-
terior segments and more rounded on the others; being divided longitudi-
nally by a deep furrow, these protuberances appear double ; they have
besides, especially those on the anterior segments, a more or less distinct
transA^erse furrow and a pair of oblirjue wrinkle-^ on the sides. The eighth

IS&I.] 121

and ninth segments are smooth above and below. The anterior segments
are the shortest; the following gradually increase in length; the ninth is
the longest; its anal tubercle is small, divided into three lobes by a Y-
shaped furrow ; a few hairs are insei'ted around it. Number and position
of the abdominal stigmata are normal.

Dr. Horn, to whom I am indebted for the communication of these larvaj,
found them in different kinds of decaying wood, especially beech wood,
which they seem to prefer. (See Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. I, p. 73.)

ARHOPALUS PICTUS Drury. (robinise Forst)
(Plate ]. Fig. 7.)

Larva 0.6—0.7 long, somewhat flattened-club-shaped, the thoracic seg-
ments beins: considerablv broader than the abdominal ones, but at the
same time distinctly flattened above and below.

Head, when extracted from the thorax, appears almost circular and nar-
rower than the prothorax ; in its usual position, it is inserted in the latter,
so that, besides the mouth, a very narrow portion only is visible. The ex-
serted portion is brownish, the remainder yellow. Antennse short, appai'-
ently retractile, as in some specimens only two joints are discernible, where-
as in others four joints could be seen ; the second joint seems to be retrac-
tile in the first ; the fourth is rudimentary. The visible portion of the
head above is ix'regvilarly wrinkled and marked with some punctures; be-
low it has two short, parallel, longitudinal striae on the gula. Epistoma
distinct, small, trapezoidal ; lahrum suboval, almost as long as broad, nar-
rowed at the base, broadest in the middle, narrowed again and ciliated at
the tip. Mandibles very strong, horny, black, rounded at the tip, regu-
larly convex on the outside ; inside somewhat excavated and applying ex-
actly with the broad, rounded tip, against the inside of the opposite man-
dible. The maxillse and the underlip have the usual structure of these
parts in longicorn larvae, only the basal pieces are shorter than in the larva
of Parandrd and the lingua seems to be less developed.

The prothorax is twice broader than long, rounded anteriorly, flattened
above and below, bi'OAvnish -yellow, covered, especially on the sides and
below, with a short, golden pubescence. The sutures of its component
parts are by far not so distinct as in the preceding species. A deep, long-
itudinal, sinuated furrow is visible on each side; a short transverse furrow
crosses its posterior end. The upper disc is enclosed between two furrows
beginning at the posterior margin and not reaching the anterior one ; a
transverse furrow, parallel to the posterior margin separates a narrow fleshy
fold The anterior portion of this upper disc is irregularly punctured

122 [January

aud wriukled, ulthough shining; in some specimens it has an indistinct,
elongated, somewhat oblique brownish spot on each side, about the mid-
dle ; the posterior portion of the disc is opaque, covered with dense longi-
tudinal wrinkles, among which a straight impressed line is apparent in the
middle. The ventral side is irregularly punctured on the sides and has a
depression in the middle which is less apparent in some specimens.

The two other tlwracic^ as well as the two first abdominal f-eymcntu^ have,
above and below, a transvei'se, flattened opaque disc, limited on each side
by a furrow, and showing some indistinct furrows on its surface ; the other
abdominal segments have the usual protuberances, on the dorsal as well as
the ventral side, marked with wrinkles. The last segment is short and
divided in two halves by a transverse fold ; the latter half has the anal
opening at the tip. iVll these segments are beset with short golden hairs
ini the sides. The distribution of the stigmata is normal.

The presence of a narrow, fleshy, fold on the posterior margin of the
prothorax, above and below, is a character of the (Jcramhijriilse; but the
absence of feet belongs to the larvae of the Lamlidye.

The larva usually occurs in the wood of the locust. Dr. Horn found it
in the hickory. According to him " its excavations are immediately sub-
" cortical ; unlike the Glytus, its course is not in a line, but it bores in
'•every direction, making extensive excavations." (See Froe. Entom. Soc.
Phila. I, p. BO. )

The pupa has numerous, pointed granulations on the prijthorax ; simi-
lar granulations ending in sharp points, are placed in a row on the dorsal
segments of the abdomen, near the posterior margin ; the same segments
have, more anteriorly, a few similar sharp, horny projections. On the pen-
ultimate segments, these projections are larger and recurved anteriorly at
the tip ; there are six in a row near the posterior margin, and two others
more anteriorly. The last segment has four similar projections in a row.

PSENOCERUS SUPEENOTATUS Say.

Larva about O.o long, subcylindrical or prismatical. pro- and mesotho-
rax being a little broader than the other segments.

Hea<} about half the breadth of the prothorax, reddish-yellow, brown
along the oral margin, more reddish below. Anlmuec very shoi't (in my
specimens, preserved in too strong alcohol, they seem to have contracted
and arc hardly visible). Episfonia trapezoidal. Lahrinn transverse, short,
rounded anteriorly and ciliated with short hairs. Mandihlo^ subconical.
apparently not touching each other at their tips; the inaxVlfp and the lab-
inm seem to shai'c the characters of the jireceding laivjv.

1862.]

128

The upper disc of the j)rot/i>>/a.i, liuiited uu both sides by the usual
two furrows, beginning at the posterior margin and not quite reaching the
anterior one, is covered, on its anterior portion, by dense, parallel, longi-
tudinal striae ; this portion (equal to about one-third of the length of the
prothorax), is somewhat more convex than the remainder; the remaining
two-thirds are more smooth and shining, irregularly and faintly wrinkled ;
close by the posterior margin, these wrinkles become more dense and also
assume the shape of longitudinal, parallel striae, which however are less
deep than those of the anterior margin. The underside of the prothorax
.shows a triangular central disc, separated by more or less distinct furrows,
and two triangular lateral discs (see Paratidra). A transverse furrow
near the posterior margin of the central triangle separates a fleshy trans-
verse fold, which, in this genus is very large and distinct. < The corres-
ponding fold on the dorsal side is very narrow and much less distinct.
The mesothoracic stigma is placed in the fold between pro- and mesotho-
rax.

The two other thoracic and the (dxlonlndl sc<j))i('iifs are nearly of the
same size and shape ; only the former are a little broader. On the dorsal
side, each of them, beginning with the last thoracic and ending with the
seventh abdominal segment, has an oblong, transverse protuberance in the
middle, marked on its surface with two transverse rows of small shining
tubercles, especially apparent on the fifth, sixth and seventh segment ;
eight or ten tubercles may be counted in each row. The rows are con-
vergent at both ends. Similar protuberances exist also on the ventral
side ; only, instead of eight, they are nine in number, as the mesothorax,
which is smooth above, has a protubei'ance of this kind on the underside.
The eighth and ninth abdominal segments are smooth ; the anal portion
of the ninth is distinctly separated.

The whole body is sparsely beset with fine golden hairs.

The absence of feet and the position of the thoracic stigmata indicate
the position of this larva among the Lamiidee of Erichson. I found them
in winter, burrowing the stalk of a climbing plant, which may have been
the grape vine, although I failed at that time to ascertain it positively.
The perfect insect was reared from them the next spring.

CENTRONOPUS ANTHRACINUS Kn.xli.

Larva O.S long, cylindrical, yellowish-white, of a soft, fleshy consistence,
naked, except a few sparse hairs on the head and still fewer on the body.

Ift (1(1 horizontal, yellowish (except the tip of the mandibles, which is
l)rowii). as broad as the jtrothorax, rounded. sn)ooth and convex above.

124 [January

flat below, spiu'sely beset with a few hairs on the sides and below; ephtoma
transverse, trapezoidal, pale anteriorly, separated from the front by a rec-
tilinear suture ; labmm transverse, as broad as the anterior, narrower por-
tion of the epistoma, rounded at the anterior angles and beset with small
hairs ; mandibles horny, stout at the base, abruptly narrowed towards the
tip and slightly curved interiorly; tip tridentate, the intermediate tooth
being the largest; maxiUse: cardinal piece oblong, fleshy, obli({uely di-
rected inwards and closely applied to the basis of the mentum ; basal piece
elongated, subeylindrical, fleshy, forming a knee with the cardinal piece ;
maxillary lobe oblong, coriaceous, as long as the palpus, densely beset with
hairs and spines on the inside and at the tip ; maxillary palpi 3-jointed ;
first joint not longer than broad, second a little longer, subeylindrical,
third as long as the first, but much narrower, attenuated at tip ; mentum
longer than broad, somewhat expanded about the middle; palpigerous piece
transverse, short, bisinuated anteriorly ; its lateral portions might be taken
for the basal joint of the palpi, on account of their small size and round-
ed shape; the middle portion projects anteriorly between the palpi; its
anterior, oval margin has several minute bristles; palpi 2-jointed; first
subeylindrical, not much longer than broad; second joint shorter and nar-
rower; gida marked with three longitudinal furrows, running towards a
triangular piece which fills up a space between the basis of the maxillae
and mentum; (infrnnse a little shorter than the mandibles, 4-jointed; basal
joint short, tuberculiform, second and third joints cylindrical, elongate,
the latter shorter than the first; fourth joint very minute, much narrower
than the third, still longer than broad, bearing an elongate hair at the tip ;
ocelli apparently none.

Thoracic segments smooth, of a somewhat harder consistence than the
abdominal ones ; the first is twice as long as each of the two others, con-
vex above, Avith sharp edged lateral margins. Feet of moderate length j
coxae directed obliquely inwards, each of them touching at the tip the op-
posite one of the same pair; ti'ochanters elongate, lanceolate at the tip;
femora not much longer than the trochanter, subeylindrical, beset with a
few bristles on the inside ; tibae a little longer, somewhat attenuated towards
the tip ; ungixis stout and pale at the base, brown at tip.

The nine rdxlominaj segments are of about equal length, fleshy, soft;
the last segment ends in two short, unguiform, horny projections, directed
upwards, which are pale at the base and brown at tip.

The pupa is yellowish-white; the sides of its abdominal segments are
recurved upwards in the shape of two strong teeth, one of which points
towards the head, the other towards the anus ; inside of each of these

teeth is a smaller, tootli-liko projection ; at the tip of the abdomen there
are two divergent spines.

Both larva and pupa of this insect are in perfect accordance with those
of other Tenebrionidse, and especially of the genus Tenebrio, except that
the skin of the larva is of a softer substance than is generally the case in
this family. Hardly any difference will be found, for instance, between
my description of the parts of the mouth and that which Erichson gives
of the larva of Tenehrio molitor (Chapuis & Candeze, 1. c. p. 514). It re-
mains, therefore to find out the generic diff"erences of the larvae by a close
comparison of specimens, and not merely of descriptions. ■

Dr. Horn, who discovered this larva and communicated it to me, states
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. I, p. 80) that it inhabits black-oak stumps, and
may be found in company with the larva of C. calcaratm.

EPILACHNA BOREALIS Muls.

Several larvae of this genus having been described before, (see Chapuis
& Candeze, 1. c. p. 635, tab. IX, fig. 10, and Candeze, Histoire des metam.
de qlq. larves exotiques, tab. VI, fig. 8) and mine agreeing with them in
all essential characters, it is not necessary to give here a detailed descrip-
tion. I will only mention that the antennae are somewhat longer than
those figured by Candeze (1. c. fig. 10) and that the fourth ocellus is ex-
tremely minute, so that there are, in fact only three distinct ocelli.

The larva is very common on the leaves of the pumpkin. It is yellow
with long, brown, branched spines, arranged in rows of six on each seg-
ment, except the first thoracic segment, which has only four. The pupa,
instead of spines, has short bristles, especially on the thorax.

UNKNOWN LARV.ffi,

related to either of the groups of Lfunpyrida, Telcphoridcc and Elaterid(z.

(Plate 1. Fig. S.)

Among the larvte now before me for description, there are several un-
known ones, belonging apparently to three distinct species of the same
genus. One of the species, of which I have three specimens, comes from
Louisiana and New Mexico. The second one (communicated to me by
Dr. LeConte) is from Arizona. Both are from 2* to 3 inches long. The
third species is represented by a single specimen, about an inch long,
found by Dr. Horn in Pennsylvania.

The following is the description of the first of these species :-
Larva 2f inches long (one of the specimens, measuring only 1| inch is
perhaps not full grown), linear, slightly attenuated at both ends, convex

126 [January

on the back, flattened on the ventral side; glabrous, smooth and shining;
consistence horny; color of the dorsal segments (thoracic and abdominal),
except a narrow border on the posterior margin which is paler, dark brown,
almost black, with two large, rounded, ferruginous-red spots on each ; in
two of my specimens (both from Prairie mer rouge), these spots, occupy-
ing the sides of the dorsal segments, leave a broad brown band between
them; in the third specimen they are much larger, and although the brown
space still exists on the thoracic segments, it becomes almost obsolete on
the abdominal ones, where the two spots gradually coalesce towards the
end of the body, so that the sixth and seventh abdominal segments may
be described as being ferruginous above with a brown margin, running all
round ; on the ninth and last segment, the brown stripe is again more ap-
parent, although the remainder of the segment, except the two anterior
corners, is ferruginous. The anterior corners of the first thoracic segment
are yellowish.

H((id horizontal, inserted in the first thoracic segment as far as the
basis of the antennae, flat, irregularly rugose above, dark brown, except
the softer parts of the mouth and tubercles bearing the antennae, all of
which are paler.

Antennse a little shorter than the mandibles, inserted on a fleshy tuber-
cle just behind the root of the latter, 3-jointed ; first joint subcylindrical ;
second joint a little longer than the first, somewhat thickened towards the
tip ; third joint at least twice narrower than the tip of the second, not
much longer than broad, ending in an obtuse point; its tip seems to be
separated from it by an articulation, thus representing perhaps a rudimen-
tary fourth segment; the two first segments are brown, their tip brownish-
yellow; the tubercle, on which the antenna is inserted, as well as the third
joint are brownish -yellow.

Ocelli one on each side, behind the basis of the antennae.

The upper horny disc of the head is limited anteriorly, in the middle
of the space between the roots of the mandibles, by a bisinuated margin,
in the shape of a flat W, from each of the two sinuses of which protrudes
a small, fleshy tubercle ; just before the tubercles, and closely applied to
both, is a similar fleshy, but paler and more transverse piece. Although
the epistonia is not separated by a distinct suture, I am inclined to take
cither these three fleshy pieces, or the two first alone, for the labrum ; in
the latter case the third transverse piece would l)e merely a protruding
soft inner })art of the mouth.

M((n<Iil>J<i^ free ( not covered by other jiarts of the mouth), falcifbrni,
elongated, narrow, slightly and uniforiiily curved, pointed at tip. perfectly

1862.] 127

smooth (without any teeth or projectious) on their whole length ; with a
longitudinal groove, running from the basis to the tip on their upper side ;
their roots far distant from each other, being inserted on the sides of the
head ; when in repose, these organs overlap each other on a considerable
portion of their length, the left one being the uppermost in my specimens.

Maxillse: no distinct cardinal piece; basal piece elongated, closely ap-
plied to the mentum and soldered to it on its lower portion ; besides the
palpus, each of them bears two palpiform appendages ; one is close by the
palpus, inside of it, and is better seen from above than from below the
head; it does not reach beyond the tip of the first joint of the palpus and
is apparently 2-jointed, the first joint being short and annuliform, the sec-
ond cylindrical, stout, obtuse ; at its tip there is a very minute tubercle,
as if a rudimentary joint, on the inside, and a long bristle on the outside;
the second appendage is inserted much deeper, inside of the maxilla ; it
is closely applied to the mentum and can be perceived only, when this or-
gan is slightly removed from its usual position ; it is very small, cylindri-
cal and more slender than the first appendage, and consists of a single
joint, inserted on a tubercle.

The palpi are rather long and stout, being but little shorter than the
antennae; they are 4-jointed, the two basal and the last joints being broad-
er than long ; the third is a little longer.

Mentum elongated, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, bearing a trapezoidal
palpigerous piece, which is narrowed at the base and has a small rounded
projection on the inside, in the middle, especially distinct when seen from
above ; a bristle on each side of this projection and several bristles on the
outside of the palpigerous piece, between the palpi ; labial palpi consist-
ing of two cylindrical, short joints; the second truncated at the tip.

The maxillfB and the palpigerous piece, with their palpi project consid-
erably beyond the mandibles. The basal pieces of the mandibles and the
mentum occupy the whole breadth of the underside of the head, their
basis only being enclosed in the usual excision of the lower cephalic plate.

Prothorax trapezoidal ; slightly broader than the head anteriorly ; al-
most twice as broad posteriorly; its upper disc being recurved on both
sides, somewhat encroaches on the underside, where it is limited by a
sharply defined edge. On the underside, a V-shaped groove separates a
triangular piece covering the basal portion of the head (see fig. 86).
' The two following segments of the thorax are of about the same length,
a little longer than the first ; they are also trapezoidal, but less narrowed
anteriorly; their upper disc is also recurved on both sides, so as to encroach
on the ventral segments.

1^^ [January

The sculpture of the three thoracic segments consists of a very fine,
umbiUcated punctuation, which is chiefly apparent on the first segment
and more scattered on the others. There is besides, a longitudinal impres-
sed line, running along the middle of the back of the three segments, with
slight interruptions at the incisures ; this line is continued also, although
less distinctly, along all the abdominal segments.

The feet : coxae elongated, subcylindrical, inserted near the lateral mar-
gin and directed obliquely towards the middle, so as almost to touch with
the tip, that of the opposite coxa; trochanters well developed, elongated;
femora subcylindrical; tibiae short, narrower than the femora, subcylin-
drical, bearing a curved, pointed nail at the tip. The feet of the last pair
are larger than those of the two other pairs. All three pairs have numer-
ous bristles on the underside; the femora have a crown of very short,
strong spines round the tip. The thoracic stigma is placed on the ventral
side of the mesothorax, in the anterior corners, close by the recurved mar-
gin of the upper disc.

Tlit abdominal segments viewed from above, resemble in size and shape
the second and third thoracic ones ; they are perhaps a little longer, chiefly
the sixth, seventh and eighth and the middle ones a little stouter; the ninth
or last segment is shorter than the preceding, narrowed posteriorly. The
eight pairs of stigmata are placed laterally on the dorsal side of the first
eight segments, about the middle of a longitudinal furrow. Each ventral
segment consists of three portions ; the middle one is square, and but
slightly convex; it has a rounded, conchoid depression in the middle, with
fine longitudinal striae at the bottom (this depression is wanting only on
the last segment); the lateral portions, separated from the middle one by
longitudinal furrows, are elongated, smooth. These lateral pieces, together
with the corresponding pieces, cut off from the dorsal segments by the
stigma-bearing furrows, form an uninterrupted margin on both sides of
the larva. Except the dorsal impressed line and some hardly apparent
rugosities, the dorsal segments of the abdomen are smooth and even.

The last segment ends in a short pseudopod, in the shape of a flattened
tube, directed downwards, truncated at tip ; its basal portion is black and
horny, with a small projection on each side ; the remainder is of a fleshy
substance. The anal opening seems to be at the tip of this tube.

The larva from Arizona is easily distinguished from the former by its
coloring. The dorsal segments are dark brown or black anteriorly and
brownish-yellow posteriorly, the black occupying more than half the length
of the segment. The second anl third pairs of feet have tico ungues in-
stead of one, the second being smaller (in the other larva this second un-

L%2.] 12!)

guis may be also perceived as a mere rudiment). Tlie teetli (^r projections
on both sides of tlie horny portion of the pseudopod are larger than in
the former species ; they are curved and pointed (unguiform). In all
other characters, this larva agrees with the former. Its length is about
2) inches.

The third species, communicated to me by Dr. Horn, was found under
oak-bark, in a wet place. Although much smaller (it measures only 0.9)_
and of different color, it has exactly the same structure as the large larvae,
so as to make it appear very probable that it belongs to the same genus.

It is brownish-yellow ; the middle portion of the dorsal segments is red-
dish-brown, thus leaving a yellowish margin ; the pro- and mesothorax, as
well as the last abdominal segment are reddish-brown. The venter shows
none of the conchoid depressions of the large larvas.

A specimen from Mississippi, similar to the latter in color and about an
inch long, was communicated to Dr. LeConte by Prof. S. S. Haldeman,
with the remark that it was luminous. Should this observation prove cor-
rect, it would not be surprising at all if the large larvae were also luminous.

The points of relationship of these larvae to the EhiterUJsR^ Lampijridff.
and TelepTioridse. are evident ; but the analogies to the two latter families
prevail decidedly over those to the first. The mode of insertion of the
head, the structure of the mandibles and maxillae, the presence of an ocellus
on each side, the form and position of the pseudopod, even the general ap-
pearance of the body are more like those of the Lmnpyriila^. Neverthe-
less the differences are obvious : the dorsal discs do not project on both
sides over the ventral segments, the stigmata are placed on the sides of the
body and not below, on the venter^ the terminal joints of the palpi are
stout and blunt, and not slender and pointed as in both Lanipyris and
Tdephorus; the head, although inserted up to the root of the antennae in
the first thoracic segment, is not concealed by it, as in the Lampyrulse.

The analogies with the ElateriJse are hardly more than those also shar-
ed^by the two other above named families; if there are any besides, they con-
sist in the position of the stigmata and, perhaps, in the structui'e of the
ventral side of the prothorax. But the differences are very considerable;
our larvae have neither the large head, entirely exserted from the protho-
rax, nor the peculiar structure of the basal pieces of the maxillae and the
labium which distinguish the Elateridse. Besides they have a pair of ocelli,
which are wanting in the latter, and the structure of the last abdominal
segment with the pseudopod is totally different.

The mode of insertion of the mandibles of the larvae of Lycidx, they
being approximated at the basis and divergent at the tip, at once excludes

130 [January

our larvae from this family.

Under such circumstances it is extremely difficult to form an hypothesis
as to the insect to which these larvEe belong, however strange it may ap-
pear that such should be the case with larvae nearly three inches long, and
apparently so common.

Judging from the occurrence of large sized larvae in the Southern States
and of middle sized ones of the same genus in the Middle States, it be-
comes evident that this genus is represented by coleoptera at least an inch
or an inch and a half long in the former and by smaller species in the lat-
ter. There being no such genus either among the Lumpyrklse or Tele-
phoridse^ or in their vicinity, we are compelled to look for it among the
Ulateridse. This supposition, however improbable, is not entirely out of
question since the discovery of the larvae of Cardiophorus and Cryptuht/ij-
11 us has proved, that the type of Elaterideous larvae is not so uniform, as
it was formerly assumed. The genus MrlaHdctea might perhaps answer
the required conditions.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Fig. 1. Copris Carolina, nat. size; la, head, from above, with slightly o]»ened man-
dibles; \h, maxillaj and labium; \c, maxilla.

Fig. 2. Zenoapicea, nat. size; 2a, maxillfe and labium.

Fig. 3. Ptilodactyla elaterina, magnified; 3a, maxilla; 36, labium; 3c, antenna;
'3d, underside of the head and of the anterior portion of prothorax.

Fig. 4. Fornax badius, magnified; 4a, head and two first thoracic segments, from
above; x tip of maxilla(?); xx mandible(?); y place of insertion of the
antenna (?).

Fig. 5. Fornax orchesides {?), nat. size; 5a, head and portion of prothorax, from be-
low, magnified; x minute retractile organ, perhaps tip of maxilla (?) ;
XX mandible (?).

Fig. 6. Parandra brunnea from above, nat. size; 6a, the same from below, magni-
fied; 6i, head, from below.

Fig. 7. Arhopalus pictus, magnified, from above; 7a, from below; the two last ab-
dominal segments were somewhat extended in the two specimens from
which these figures were drawn; in most of the other specimens, they
were like fig. 76, where the last pair of stigmata may be seen on the
eighth segment; 7r?, mandibles ; the upjier figure represents the inner
surface, the lower one, the profile.

Fig. S. Unknown larva from Louisiana and New Mexico, nat. size ; Sa, head and
prothorax from above, magnified: 86, the same, from below; Sr, mandi-
ble; ?id, tip of maxilla.

18(32.] 181

NEW AMERICAN M I CR 0- LEPIDOPTER A.
BY BRACKENRIDdE CLEMENS, M. I».

OPOSTEGA Zeller.

Discoidal rxll of irnt(j!f ojkii. Hind wings extvcmely narrow, linear
lanceolate. The subcostal vein is central and becomes trifid beyond the
middle of the wing, sending an extremely short branch to the costa from
the point of subdivision and two long branches, one of which runs to the
tip of the wing and the other to the inner margin. The median vein is
distinct, curved, simple and nearly joined by the inner extremity of the
subcostal vein. The submedian distinct and short.

Fore wings pointed, almost candulate, but appearing from the cilia to be
dilated posteriorly. All the veins simple, parallel^ intliont hranches, sotne
much attenuated and none extended to tJie tip of the u-i)uj. Subcostal
vein much attenuated, nearly obsolete, equally remote from the costa and
the median vein, which is thickened and distinct, and runs through the
middle of the wing without reaching the inner margin below the tip.
The fold of the wing is distinct, with a parallel, much attenuated nervule
above it arising at the extreme base of the median. The submedian vein
distinct, thickened.

Head smooth above. Face mostly on the inferior surface of the head,
extremely narrow, hairy beneath and between the antennas in front. Eyes
oval, obliquely placed, almost concealed by the antennal eye-caps. Anten-
nae with the basal joint expanded into a large eye-cap, which is thin and
cup-like anteriorly. Labial palpi hidden on the under surface of the head,
short, drooping, with the terminal joint very short. No maxillary palpi.
No tongue.

Q. albogaleriella. — Silvery white. Fore wings with a minute black dot at the
extreme ape.r nf the wing. Hind wings and oilia somewhat yellowish-white.

This insect is very interesting as it is the first extra-European member
of the genus, as well as I can ascertain, that has been described. The
imago was found on the table under my gas-light on the morning of the
9th of July. It was only slightly injured, the stalks of the antennae hav-
ing been burned off and the cilia of one pair of wings a little burned.

None of the larva; belonging to this genus have been discovei'ed.

TRICHOTAPHE Clemens.
T. flavocostella.— (r .' /?a?;o(V).s-)'c//«, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sen. May, IStiO, p. I(j2.
1 luive not met with another specimen of this insect, but have been en-
abled to determine its genus from the f<ill(jwing, which resembles it close-

132 [January

ly in many respects. These insects must be handled very carefully when
they are taken, as the labial palpi are easily detached even whilst they are
living.

T. alacella. — Labial palpi second joint orange-yellow, terminal joint tinged with
fuscous. Head deep brown above, irridescent. Face shining pale yellow. Anten-
nae deep brown. Fore wings deep brown, witli a steel-blue, shining streak along
the costa, extending from the base to an orange-yellow costal spot at the begin-
ning of the apical cilia, and deeply excised in the middle of the wing. Beneath
the excised portion and near the inner margin is a short, steel-blue streak, and
the costal streak emits a slender line to the inner margin, opposite the costal or-
ange-yellow spot. Hind margin with a series of steel-blue dots. Cilia brown.
Hind wings fuscous, cilia a little paler.

Taken on wing 17th of July.

SOLENOBIA? Zeller.

In the hind wings the costal vein is well developed and placed close to
the costa. The subcostal vein is simple, giving rise near its middle to an
angulated discal vein which sends off a branch to the margin beneath the
tip and receives the discal fold at its angle. The median subdivides into
four hranches^ the tiro sujicrior hranrlies having a common o)-i(/in, the
others short and equi-distant.

The subcostal vein of the fore wings sends off a long, decided marginal
branch from the basal third ; about the middle of the wing forms a long,
rather large secondary cell, from the hinder end of which arise two mar-
ginal branches, and from the point where the lower branch of the second-
ary cell enters the discal two other branches arise diverging from their
origin, one to be delivered above and the other beneath the tip. Opposite
the discal fold arises another branch running to the maro-in beneath the
tip and the median vein subdivides into three nearly equi-distant, short
branches, the posterior of which is nearly perpendicular to the inner mar-
gin. The submedian is short and furcate towards the base for half its
length.

Head liairy above and in frontj without ocelli. Eyes small, spherical,
slightly naked above. Cephalic stigmatne very large and distinct. An-
tennte setaceous, scaley and tufted slightly above towards the end, ciliated
beneath. Max illari/ palpi, lahial palp}i and tongue undeveloped.

S ? Walshella. — Head and face dark gray. Antennte dark gray, slightly spotted
with wliite. Fore wings pale gray, varied with fuscous sprinkled over the surface,
without defined markings, except along the costa near the tip, where there are a
few pale grey or whitish s^jots. Cilia gray. Hind wings gray.

I received a specimen of the above insect sometime since from my es-
teemed friend Benj. D. Walsh of Rock Island, 111., who was compelled to

1802.] la;}

fix it to a strip of card for the want of small pins. The specimen may
have been injured in its parts by this treatment, but I cannot discover
any injury. He likewise forwarded at the same time a specimen of the
case, which is earth-brown in color and consists of silk, granulated with
particles of fine sand, and therefore the larva could not have been a wood
miner as Mr. Walsh at first supposed. The larva is in all probability lich-
enivorous and feeds in the portable case in which Mr. Walsh found it in
the fiill. I sincerely hope the discoverer of the species, will not fail to
ascertain the natural history of the larva and put it on record in the pages
of the "Journal," for I know no^one who can do this more pleasantly and
accurately.

In his letter to me .Mr. Walsh says: " The little moth I sent you is cer-
tainly not a ^wood-miner' although it occurs under the bark of shag-bark
hickories and other trees with scaly bark. From finding the larva late in
the fall and the winter enclosed in its case in that situation, I had suppos-
ed that it fed under the bark; but I ascertained in August and September
that it was not there and therefore conclude that it merely retires there to
become a pupa. I noticed an individual apparently identical this winter
attached to a pine board fence. There was not the least appearance of
'mining' under the bark, by which I understand cutting a channel similar
to other boring insects."

Only the males of the genus Solenohiu are winged, and the females
have attracted much attention recently, in consequence of the fact that
they lay unimpregnated fertile eggs.

NEPTICULA.

N. fuscotibiella. — Antennse dark fuscous, basal joint silvery white. Head red-
dish-yellow. Fore wings purplish-fuscous, with a rather broad, slightly oblique
silvery band exterior to the middle of the wing. On the costa of the wing the
the band is rather nearer to the base than on the inner margin ; cilia j^ale grayish.
Hind wings pale gray, with pale gray cilia. Thorax dark fuscous with a purplish

hue. Legs and abdomen beneath yellowish with a brassy lustre, the hind tibise
fuscous.

Taken at light on the 11th of August.

N. bifasciella. — Antennae pale fuscous, basal joint silvery. Head pale reddish-
yellow. Fore wings dark bronzy-green, somewhat purplish at the base, with two
silvery bands; a rather broad, straight one on the basal third of the wing, and a
narrower straight one on tlie apical third: cilia gray. Himl wings gray, with
gray cilia.

At light, 11th of August.

N. Platanella. — Anteunn' dark fuscous, eye-caps large, silvery. Head reddish-
ochreous. Fore wings dark brown, with a small white, slightly silvery spot on
the middle of the inner margin and a verv short costal streak of the same hue

134 [January

opposite to it. The cilia very pale yellowish and the scales behind tlie cilia of
the same hue tipped with dark brown. Hind wings yellowish-fuscous; cilia fus-
cous.

Imago during the latter part of July.

LYONETIA Hiibner.

The hiud wings are setaceous. The subcostal is placed nearly in the
middle of the wing, is bifid from about the middle sending a small branch
to the costa and a long one along the inner margin to the tip. The med-
ian vein is very distinct and simple.

Fore wings caudate^ when denuded. The discoidal cell is very long
and narrow, acute behind. The subcostal vein sends two branches to the
costa, a moderately long one from the middle of the cell and one just be-
hind the acute angle of the disk. (In European specimens there are three
subcostal branches, two of which are given oiF near the end of the disk.)
The apical branch and the superior branch of the median vein arise at
the angle of the disk, the former of which is trifid, sending a branch to
the costa at the beginning of the slender tail, another to the inner mar-
gin a little beyond it and a branch to the tip of the wing. (In European
specimens the apical branch is represented simple.) jMedian vein two-
branched. The sjtbmf'dt'aii in'th a Idiig forii <it its /xisc

Head smooth with appressed scales, lace broad and retreating, slightly
tufted above with erect scales. Antennae ns long as the anterior ivings,
slender, with a moderate sized basal eye-cap, partly concealing the eyes.
Labial palpi slender, cylindrical, ascending (in the living insect) to the
basis of the antennae, much separated ; in the dead insect, drooping and
applied to each other. Tongue naked, a little longer than the labial palpi.

L. speculella. — Head, face and palpi pure white. Antennse slightly fuscous, bas-
al joint white. Fore wings pure white, with a bronzy-fuscous streak on the inner
margin, which is obliquely inclined to the tip of the wing, extending a little above
the fold and pointed In-hind, and a short streak of the same hue behind it and
nearly parallel to the inner margin. Near the ajiical j>ortion of the wing are four
bronzy-fuscous costal streaks, the most interior one of which is oblique and the
others nearly vertical and more or less united in the middle of the wing, and at
the extreme apex is a black spot. Hind wings darkish gray, with gray cilia.
Imago on wing the 5th of August.

The larvse of this genus are represented to make long tortuous galleries
or tracts in leaves, and to (juit the leaf when full fed. I have never bred
an imago of this genus, nor can I say with certainty that I have met with
a larva belonging to it. I sus])ect, however, that the mine presently to be
described is the work of one ot tlicm, altliouLili the larva much resembles

1862.] IBf)

I'/iz/f/ornistis ill its liabitvS.

The mine to which I refer may be found during the latter part of Au-
gust in the leaves of wild grape-vines. It is very long, winding, linear
and UAvrovfjJillejl with hfackish frass and hence easily seen, diifering thus
from a Phyllocnistis mine, which resembles the tracings left on leaves by
snails. When the larva is full fed, it enlarges the mines at its extremity,
without making the enlargement transparent, and making a fold in the
leaf at this point, weaves its cocoon and undergoes its transformation in
the mine like a Phyllocnistis larva. The larva is pale greenish, immacu-
late, lrm(/ and very dendcr, in'fh the anal segments^ very pointed.

Since writing the preceding remarks on the larva that makes the black-
ish mine in wild grape leaves, and which I suspected might be a Lyonetia ,
I examined one of the pupa I had obtained from the miner. This al-
though dead, had completed its full development and the markings on the
wing, extracted from its wing-case, were beautifully distinct. The imago
was certainly not L. specidella. In its unexpanded state, a wing is quite
opaque and the neuration very indistinct and I judge that the chitinic
matter of the veins is not secreted until after the escape of the imago
from the pupa-case. The neuration of the insect under consideration, was
that of P/tyllocnisfis and so also was the ornamentation of the wing, and
it appeared to me to be distinct from that of P. vitiyenella, although very
similar to it.

TENAGA. new gen.

Hind wings lanceolate. Without discoidal cell. The costal vein is de-
livered to the costa about its apical third. The subcostal simple, almost
or quite obsolete from the middle to the base of the wing. The discal
vein is central, much attenuated through the middle of the wing, giving
rise to a branch to the inner margin about the middle of the wing, the
base of which is extremely attenuated, becoming furcate about the apical
third, delivering both branches to the inner margin beneath the tip. The
median vein is 2-branched, the superior one, angulated in the middle.

Fore wings ovate-lanceolate. Discoidal cell very narrow and placed
rather beneath the middle of the wing. The subcostal vein is rather in-
distinct, sending ofi' a costal branch from the basal third, and near the end
of the cell two costal branches, thf second one of wliieh, is furcate and
iiuicli att<unaf< il from the hi/nrcafion to its origin. Near this last branch
arises another furrati hraurji. much att< n^iotcd tmrocds its /tasr. h)otli of
whose branches are delivered to the inner margin beneath the tip of the
wing. The median vein is ;')-branched. The subniedian simple.

1^0 [January

Head and face rough, hairy. Without ocelli. Eyes very small, hemi-
spherical, with a narrow space around, naked. Antennae nearly as long as
the fore wings, setaceous, simple. Labial palpi, in the living insect, as-
cending to the middle of the face, rather slender, cylindrical, smooth and
almost concealed in the facial hairs ; middle joint slightly thickened and
roughened with scales beneath, with terminal bristles; terminal joint about
half as long as the middle joint; in the dead insect, the palpi are droop-
ing and divergent. No maxilla ri/ palp L No tongue.

T. pomiliella. — Head and palpi dull ochreous. Antennae dark fuscous. Fore
wings yellowish-ochreous, with a black spot on the costa at the base of the wing
and with three black bands, one near the base, one rather behind the middle of
the wing, and one about the apical third, interrupted more or less in the middle.
In the spaces between the bands are scattered black scales. The extreme apex of
the wing is blackish, with two costal spots of the same hue between the third
band and the apex, and two or three along the inner margin behind the apex
some of which are indistinct. Cilia of the general liue. Hind wings and cilia
grayish-fuscous.

Taken on wing 27th of July in damp wooded places.

HYBEOMA. new gen.

The venation and form of the hind wings are much like that of Tenaga.
The costal vein enters the costa about its middle. The subcostal is simple,
almost obsolete posteriorly. The discal vein is central, much attenuated
behind, giving rise behind the middle of the wing to a branch to the in-
ner margin, attenuated at its base and at the apical third of the wing hc-
comes hi/id sending one hranch to the costa above the tip and the other to
the inner margin beneath, it. The median runs straight to the inner mar-
gin and is 2-branched. Without discoidal cell.

Fore wings ovate-lanceolate; the subcostal vein is much attenuated fi'om
its middle and gives rise to a costal branch behind the basal third and
forms a rather large secondary cell, the branch forming it almost obsolete,
and from its hinder end throws off' three costal branches nearly equi-dis-
tant. Beneath these arises the apical branch which is simple and deliv-
ered to the costa behind the tip. Two other branches are given oft" from
the disk to the inner margin beneath the tip. Median vein 3-branched.
8ubmedian simple. Discoidal cell fusiform, rounded behind.

Head and face rough, hairy. Without ocelli. Eyes very small, hemi-
spherical. Antennjie rather more than half so long as the fore icings, se-
taceous and simple. Labial palpi slender, cylindrical, much separated ;
middle joint with sh-ort terminal bristles; terminal joint nearly as long as
the middle, deflected. Ma.rillai\// jndjii long, folded, /(rin- or fve Jointed.
Tungne rerij xliint. reaching to the end of the middle joint of labial palpi.

1«(J2.] 137

H. servulella.^Head ami paljii jialc yellow, the latter fuscous beneath. Aiiten-
ufe dark fuscous. Fore wings sulphur-yellow, with a dark fuscous streak along
the costa from the base, slender at first but enlarged into a spot about the middle
of the costa; a band of atoms of Xhe same hue, commencing on the costa at the
beginning of the apical cilia and a streak of the same hue along the inner margin,
with its hinder end turned up obliquely towards the costa. Hind wings dark
brownish.

Taken on wing 18th of July.

The venation of EiuJarcia, Ttitaija and Ilj/bronui are much alike, par-
ticularly that of the hind wings ; the species included in them are congen-
eric and to the group thus formed, that of Diachorisia may be likewise
added. If we disregard the significance of venation, the number of gen-
era can be reduced. But nature does not make variations of structure
without attaching to the change some difference of habit, some distinction
in the biography of the individual. I have no doubt of the naturalness
of the genera and they are probably peculiar to our own country.

DYSODIA Clemens.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Aug. 1860, p. 349.

D. margaritana. — Head black, with two pale yellow spots behind the antennae.
I'al2ii jiale yellow, black above. Anteunffi black. Prothorax pale yellow. Fore
wings black, with a double, translucent, yellowish-white discal spot extending
nearly across the wing and six dots of the same hue along the costa. Beneath the
fifth costal dot are three round spots of the same hue, the middle one, larger than
the others. Cilia black, with a white spot beneath the tip and one at the in-
ner angle. Hind wings black, with a large, translucent, yellowish-white discal
spot and two round dots of the same hue between it and the hind margin. Cilia
black, with two white spots about the middle of the hinder margin. Tegulce pale
yellow. Hind tibiee with a pale yellow, central band. Abdomen black, with a
dorsal, jjale yellow stripe on the basal segment, white in the middle above, and
with two white dots on each side, one about the middle, the other near the end.

From Illinois (Mr. Robt. Kennicot). Florida (Mr. Edward Norton).

188 [January

The Tarantula (Mygale Hentzii Girard) and its Destroyer (Pompihis forniosus*S?«7/).

BY S. B. BUCKLEY.

In Texas there is a large brownish-black spider, whose body is covered
with short glossy hairs. It is armed with large, curved cheliceres or fangs
of a glossy black color. This spider is commonly known as the Tarantula.
Wonderful stories are told of the poisonous character of its bites, which
are said to have proved destructive to several human beings. This is one of
the largest spiders of North America, only being excelled in size by the
Mygale americana of the Central American region. Full grown speci-
mens of our species are about two inches long and one and a quarter broad.
Its habits are those of the other hunting spiders; it has no web but lives
in cavities, excavated by itself, in the earth. The entrances to these cav-
ities are said to be sometimes closed by a trap-door, which, however, I have
never observed, though when in Texas I have frequently seen their domi-
cils in which they were hiding with only their heads projecting above the
openings. Sometimes it lies in wait near its den. At other times it sallies
forth moving slowly in the neighborhood of its dwelling, and should it
discover a weaker insect it darts quickly and often secures the unwary one
for its food.

It very rarely injures any person as it never bites unless disturbed, nor
does it often choose an abode near houses. I have several times teased it
with a long stick but could never make it jump more than a few inches.
It would stand erect and fight bravely, biting the provoking instrument,
but would always run away the minute the stick was withdrawn. The
Texan Tarantula is entirely distinct from the spider of the same name
found in Italy, belonging in fact to a different genus. The Mtjf/alc ILnf-
z!l was first described by Girard in Marcy's Report of the Exploration of
the Red river of Louisiana.

To prevent too great an increase of these large spiders, Providence has
created an insect of the wasp family (7'V>»/^>//».s- /oymos»s Say) called by
the Texans the Tarantula-killer. It is about an inch and a half long,
with a bluish-green body and golden-rufous wings. It is a bustling un(|uiet
insect, always in motion, flying now here, now there, and when running
on the ground, its wings are in a constant state of vibration. Sliovdd
it discover a Tarantvda it begins instantly to fly in circles in the air, around
its victim. The spider, as if knowing its fate, trembles violently, stand-
ing up and making a show of fight, but the resistance is very feeble and
of no avail. The spider's foe soon discovers a favorable moment and darts
upon the Tarantula whom it wounds with its sting, and again commences
flying in circles. The injunnl spider is thrown into a tieruor ami often

1S(>2.] i:!0

becoiuct^ paralyzed, thouu'li tlie iiiflictidii ol'a second and even a third wound
is sometimes necessary. Sooner or later the sjjider becomes powerless, when
the victor approaches carefully I'eeliug its way to see if its work has been
effectually performed. It then. begins to drag the Tarantula into a hole
which it has previously dug in the ground where, after the desposition of its
eggs by the Pomj)i7us, the sjtider is covered u]» and allowed to remain.

By some wonderful provision the s])iders are ]»reserved fresh to afford
food for the young of the Poiiijh'/ks. The sanu^ jioison which kills the
spider appears to prevent it from decaying.

I ouce met a Pomjjilii^i who had just killed a large Jlj/i/o/c This was
in Central Texas, in mid-summer when the rain had not fallen for a long-
time and the prairie-soil was filled with numerous sun-cracks. The weight
of the spider was, at least, three times that of the wasp, yet the wasp run-
ning backwards, dragged it along through the dry grass which offered con-
siderable resistance, overcoming every obstacle by earnest perseverance.
The route was rendered still more difficult by the cracks in the soil,
down which both occasionally tumbled, and several times I thought the
Tarantula was lost at the bottom of a crack, but both would soon again
emerge. I had never seen such an exhibition of strength and persever-
ance even among ants. I watched for half an hour, much interested, the
energetic wasp dragging the spider through cracks and over fallen weeds,
and through fences, and I following determined to see the result, although
it was near sunset and I was distant from our encampment. After going
a short distance, the wasp and spider fell into a large crack. 1 was then
sure that the Mi/(jale had been lost. After a little 1 bent down to see
what had become of them, and was much surprised at seeing the wasp
dragging the spider from the crack. At siich an exhibition of sti'ength
I inadvertantly exclaimed aloud, "You are a stout fellow I" This ex-
clamation caused the wasp to drop the spider and gaze a moujcnt. having
noticed me then, for the first time, it then flew three or four times around
the spider, as if to mark its locality, and then went away. Sorry for
its departure I took the spider to our tent and ])reserved it in alcohol. It
is now in the Geological Rooms at Austin in Texas.

Mrs. Halsey of Chappell Mill, Washington Co. Texas, showed me a licile
in the ground into which a PuinpHiis had been seen to take a Mjj</((l( .
The hole had been excavated by the wasp ; it was altogether twelve incli-
es long, descending at an angle of about forty five degrees to the extent of
eight inches, afterwards horizontally for four inches, and at the end of
the horizontal portion the spider was l)uried.

140 [February

STATE]) MEETING, February 10.
President Newman in the Chair.
Twenty seven members present.

REPORT OP COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Mr. Norton's paper read January 13th, reported in
favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

87 specimens of Coleoptera ( Chalcophora liberta and Coccinella b-notata) and 40
HoMOPTERA {Aphis avenoe), from T. B. Ashton.

40 specimens of Coleoptera ( Clcindela marginipennis, Carabus Lapilayi, Callida
smaragdina, Lebia moesta, Bolbocerus cornigerus, PolyphyUa occidentalis, Chalcophora
fortis, Dicerca mutica, D. tencbrosa, D. lepida, D. pugionata, Cinyra gracilipes, Melan-
ophila notata, Thar ops ruficornis, Elater Shir mi i, E. discoideus, E. Sai/i, E. rubricus,
E. militaris, Athous equestris, Cory^nbites trivittatus, Plastocerus Schaumii, Odontonyx
ornata, Ectopria thoracica, Eucrada humeralis, Apate n. sp., Cistela erythroptera, Ty-
lonotus bimaculatus, Sphenostethus scrripennis, Sclerocerus linearis, Necydalis melUtus,
Physocnemum Andrean, Phymatodes dimidiatus, Phymatodes n. sp., Purpuricenus hu-
meralis (two beautiful varieties), Argaleus nitens and Strangalia emarginata), from
George Newman.

40 specimens of Coleoptera {Calosoma laqueatuni, Cucujtis puniceus, Ancylochira
Langii, A. coyifluens, Elater apicatus, Limonius propexus, L. discoideus, Podabrus tor-
quatus, Clerus sphcegus, Thanasimus nigriventris, T. rubriventris, Stereopalpus badii-
pennis, Horia Stanshurii, Lytta cyanipennis, Asemum atruvi, Crossidius pidchellus, Er-
iphus discoideus, Acmoeops vincta, Leptura carbonata and Myzia subvittata), from Jno.
Pearsall.

30 specimens of Coleoptera {Carahus Chamissonis, Calosoma Zimmermani, Agon-
um pecticornis, Lichnanthe vulpina, Mcgasoma Thyrsites, Chalcolepiidius rubripennis,
Sericosomus ineongruus, Lycus eruentus, Ergates spiculatus, Derobrachus geminatus,
Purpuricenus n. sp., Dendrobius quadrimaculatus, Tragidion annulatum, Arhopalus
eurystethus, ^dilis n. .sjj., Monohammus clamator and Leptura .sexspilota), from Henry
Ulke.

18 specimens of Coleoptera ( Cychriis angustirollis, C. marginatus. Nebria metallica,
Pasimachus sublccvis, Dysrhirius ceneolus, D. hccmorrhoidalis. D. filiformis, Ancylochira
rusticorum, A, maculiventris. Chrysobothris n. sp., Ca.mpylus denticornis, Phengodes
plumosa, Trichodcs apimrus, Lyniexylon sericeum. Allecula nigrans, Pytho atnericana,
Clytns i-maculatus and Centrodera decoloratus). irom James Eidings.

9 specimens of Coleoptera {Nomaretus caricollis, Olisthopus parviatus, Psephenus
Lecontei, Canthon j-)raticola, Chalcophora lacustris, Brachycrcpis bivi/s. Horia sunguin-
ipennis, Pr ionus emai-ginatus a.nd C)bcrea perspicillafa) from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

h sjpeeimens of Coleoptera (Rhadinc larvalis. Cymatodera undulata, Priocera cas-
tanea, Cupes cinerea and Gracillia fusca), from Dr. Samuel Lewis.

4 specimens of Coleoptera (Agrypnus Sallci, Pityobi us anguinus, Tarsostenvs albo-
fasciatus and Coccidula lepida), from J. H. B. Bland.

1 specimen of Coleoptera {Str-angalia cruentata), iVom Charles Wilt.

1S02.] 141

Total, — 274 specimens.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

,S//nf>psis (>/ the Neuroptera. of North America, h}j Hermann IliKjcn,
1801. From the Smithsonian Institution.

Proceedings of the. Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 8, pages
225 — 256. From the Society.

Prairie Farmer {Chicago, 111.), Nos. 8 to 6 of Vol. 9. From the
Editors.

Griffith's Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 2 Vols, on Insects, London, 1832;
and Stephens's Nomenclature of British Insects, London, 1829. From
James Ridings.

Naturalist's Library, 1 Vol. on Insects, London, 1852. From John
Pear sail.

Notice of the genus Selandria, and Descriptions of several of Harris's
named Tenthredinidse, by Edirard Norton. From the Author.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A letter was read from Mr. William A. Nason, dated Chicago, 111., Jan.
20th, 1862, acknowledging his election as a Correspondent of the Society.

A communication was read from Mr. T. B. Ashton, dated North White
Creek, Washington County, New York, January 10th, 1862, in which he
makes the following observations :—

"Aphis aven^ Fair., has been found the past season in vast numbers
upon the heads of Oats, clustering around the grain just where it joins
the stalk. They have been met with, the past season, through all this
section of country, and no field, in any situation that I have visited, has
been free of them. They extract the juice from the stalk that is design-
ed to mature its fruit, consequently the grain is not of the usual heft.
They were to be found in much larger numbers upon late, than early oats.
They disappear from a field as soon as the grain becomes ripe or is cut
and dried. They have never been noticed by people in general until the
past season, though, it is said, they have existed in small numbers in this
vicinity for many years. Many species of Coccinellidec with their larvae
feed upon and destroy myriads of them, and thus holding them in check,
showing- us that the All-Wise Creator commissions 'minims' of nature to
destroy the 'expectations of man' and at the same time bids them 'thus
far shalt thou go and no further.'

14:^ [February

" CocciNELLA 5-NOTATA Kirbij^ has been abundant tlirougbout all this
section of country the past season. So scarce has this insect been in past
years that I have never met with but three specimens of it in all my col-
lecting. This species, together with G. novemnotata, has destroyed count-
less numbers of the G-rain Aphis (Aphis avense) this season.

"Chalcophora liberta Gn-m.., is to be met with in the month of Sep-
tember, feeding upon the leaves of young White and Pitch Pine (J'ijuo;
strobus and P. rigida) situated in open fields and at the margin of woods.

"■ Chalcophora virginica Drury, with other species of this genus,
can be found in company with G. lihtrta.

"It is most likely that all species of Glialcopliord (and many species of
other genera of Bujjvestidse)^ found in Northei'n New York in the month
of September, live in the imago state through the winter. I once found
a specimen of Ghalcophora in the second week in April, which had, no
doubt, survived the winter. I have also met with specimens of two spe-
cies of Dlcerca near Philadelphia in the winter.

"I have taken hundreds of GhalcopJiora Hherfa^ and many of other spe-
cies of this genus, in the month of September, but do not remember of
ever meeting with them in copulation at this season. They are genei'ally
met with while feeding, and not in situations to deposit their eggs, which
would indicate that their eggs are not deposited so late in the season as
September."

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceed-
ings :-
" North American Micro-Lepidoptera, by Brackenridge Clemens, M. D."
" Characters of the larvae of Mycetophilidae, by Baron R. Osten Sacken."
■•'Synopsis of Families of Heterocera, by Brackenridge Clemens, M. D."
"Notes upon (Irapta comma of Harris, and (Irapta (Valbum, by W. H.
Fidwards."

And were referred to (Committees.

ELECTION.

Dr. {). A. Ilclmuth of Chicago, 111., was elected a ('nrrcsjiDinh nt df
the Society.

1862.] 148

Notice of several new species of TENTHREDINID^.
BY ED.WARD NORTON.

ALLANTUS Jurine.

A. excavatus, n. sp. Length 0.39. Ex. wings 0.79 inch.
9- Black, edge of collar, basal plates (of metathorax) and apex of abdomen, white.
Antenuffi stout (as in basilaris), two basal joints white; a faint spot in middle of
labrum and the palpi, whitish; mandibles black; head, thorax, posterior coxae
and femora covered with deep pits; abdomen shining; all the upper edge of collar
(tegulre black), a spot beneath tegulse, basal plates, apex of abdomen and tips of
four apical segments above, white; a rufous spot on each side of second segment,
near its base; tips of coxse, trochanters, base of femora, tips of four anterior fem-
ora and their tibire and the posterior tibise, except at tip, white; all the tarsi slight-
ly rufous or blackish. Apical half of wings deeply clouded, fading into smoky
yellow towards centre; basal half of stigma pale.

One specimen; Maryland. (Coll. Phil. Ent. Soc.)

This has the lanceolate cell open, with oblique cross line, as in Marro-
phi/a Sec. 1, Hartig, but the femora are short, as in Allantns.

STRONGYLOGASTER (Tenthkedo) Dahlbom.

S. multicinctus, n. sp. Length 0.3-1. Ex. wings 0.68 inch.
9- Black, with whitish abdominal bands. Antennae hardly longer than thorax,
somewhat thickened in middle, end joint decreasing in size. Head and face dull,
rough with large pits; thorax and abdomen shining, the former with large scatter-
ed punctures; palpi pale, face black, with a few pale hairs; edges of ovipositor
sheath fringed with long pale hair; basal half of each segment of abdomen straw
colored; tips of femora, the tibise and tarsi pale reddish, posterior knees almost
white; anterior tibial spur bluntly bifid, posterior tibial spurs very short and
blunt; wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale.

One specimen from Virginia. (Coll. Phil. Ent. Soc.)

This agrees with Strongylogaster Hartig, Tribe 2, in its lanceolate open
cell and two inner underwing cells. Its " third joint of antennae longer
than fourth" and deeply emarginate nasus would place it in Allantus Ste-
vens. It resembles Str. rwgnlata of Europe.

TENTHREDO Hartig.

T. 14-punctatus, n. sp. Length 0.34. Ex. wings 0.68 iuch.
9 %■ Greenish-white, spotted with black, above. Antennae long and slender, up-
per side black, third joint a little longer than fourth, nasus not emarginate: tho-
rax irregularly marked with black above; scutellum pale; a broad stripe through
the middle of seven basal segments of abdomen and seven dots on each side near
the base of each, black; the upper side of legs black, except on the coxae, base of
femora and an interruption near the base of tibiae; wings hyaline, stigma and
costa pale ; under wings without middle cells.

Two specimens from Virginia. (Coll. Phil. Ent. Soc.)

The tergum of the male is irregularly marked and the black tibial line

144 [February

is not interrupted.

Tlie absence of middle under wing cells is not uncommon in certain
species in this country. In these the males only are sometimes deficient
and sometimes have only one wing perfect. These variations seem to
occur in but few species, and never in the majority of others.

ETJTJRA Newman.

E. orbitalis, n. sp. Length 0.16. Ex. wings 0..32 inch.
9 % . Shining black. Apical half of antenna pale beneath, third joint hardly
longer than fourth; head pale luteus, a large black spot on vertex: clypeus wide,
retracted; mandibles at tip black, palpi irregularly black; tegulse, edge of collar,
a spot on first segment of abdomen and the legs, pale luteus; posterior tibise at
tip and tarsi above, blackish; wings hyaline: stigma large, pale at base.
Inhabits Conn., and Brooklyn, N. Y. (Mr. Akhurst.)
Four specimens, two of which were taken on the willow.

LYDA Fab.
Anterior tibia witJiout side spier. Fourth joint of antennae hardly longer than fflh.

L. semicinctus, n. sp. Length 0.34. Ex. wings 0.74. inch.
9 . Color black, with white spots. Antennse white; apical half of two basal joints
blackish; orbits and back of head white, except at summit; two dots back of ocel-
li and one beneath, two interrupted lines from orbits to ocelli, nasus and tip of
labrum white; tegulse, edge of collar, V-spot, scutellum and behind, edge of three
apical segments, edges of tergum and legs white; middle of femora and tips of
tibise and tarsi black; wings faintly clouded, a smoky spot on upper pair below
lanceolate cell.

One specimen from Virginia. (Coll. Phil. Ent. Soc.)

XYELA Dalman.

X. tricolor, n. sp. Length 0.30. Ex. wings 0.72 inch.
%. Steel-blue, red and black. Antennse black; body steel-blue; spots at insertion
of antenna, nasus, labrum, mandibles, palpi and edges of ventral segments white:
nasus edged with black, emarginate; mandibles tridentate, inner edge rufous; legs
rufous, tips of posterior femora, the tibise and tarsi black; intermediate tibise with
five, posterior with six spurs; wings hyaline, stigma black, nervures as in infus-
cata, except the costal space, which is widened and divided by a slender longitud-
inal nerve, opening into a Y near the stigma.

One specimen from Kansas. (Coll. Phil. Ent. Soc.)

XIPHYDRIA Latr.
X. attenuatus, n. sji. Length 0.26. Ex. wings 0.38 incli.
% . Color pale honey-yellow, body very slender. Head smooth, face rough below
ocelli; antennas slender, black, the two basal joints white; a spot inclosing ocelli,
tips of mandibles and front angles of mesothorax black: on each side of prolong-
ed neck, a blackish line; pectus and legs paler than body; wings hyaline, stigma
pale.

One specimen ; Pennsylvania. (Coll. Phil. Ent. Soc.)

■^ TERMS: ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE.

PROCEEDINGS

n

'I

(!)

'■n
)

1

^

)

1^

OF THE

Entomological Society

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

MARCH AND APRIL,

1862.

PHILADELPHIA :

i-ie-iasrTEiD £^ok, the society.

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p

i^

^g;^^^g3;Q^&QX^^Q^(g^^";P);®>g^j^^

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.
Vol. 1. MARCH AND APRIL, 1862. No. 6.

STATED MEETING, March 10.

President Newman in the Chair.
Sixteen members present.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The Committees on the papers of Dr. Clemens, Baron Osten Sacken,
and Mr. Edwards, read Febrmiry lUth, reported in favor of their publica-
tion in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

58 specimens of Hymenoptera, 17 Diptera, 10 Coleoptera, 6
Hemiptera, and 2 Lepidoptera, from George Hill.

23 specimens of Lepidoptera, from H. T. Fay.

25 specimens of Diptera {Arrhenica longicornis Walk., Bracltijth-n-
tera dimidiata Loew, Ceratopogon argentatus Loew, Epijjhragma fasci-
pennia Say, Paralimna ap)pendiculata Loew, Prochyliza xanthostoma
Walk., Rham,pho7nij ia hrevis Loew, Rliampliomyia glabra Loew, Rliam-
pliomjjid hmglcaiuhi Loew, Tetanocera, arcuata Loew, Tetanocera coni-
JiiiKifii Loew, Tf'tdiKifirii p/innosa Loew, Trjjpcta alha Loew, Trypeta

146 [March

alhidipennis Loew, Trjjpeta hella Loew, Trypeta (jhl'uiua Say), 2 HoMOP-
TERA {P&ylla venusta 0. S.) and 1 Coleoptera {Porphyraspls cyanea
Say), from Baron R. Osten Sacken.

2 specimens of Coleoptera {Lytta Engelmanii Lee), 2 Lepidoptera,

(^Golias csesonia Grodt.) and 2 Homoptera (^Cicada ), from T.

B. Ashton.

2 specimens of Coleoptera {Megahsoma elephas Oliv. % $ ), from
Dr. T. B. Wilson.

1 specimen of Coleoptera {Dynastes Hercules Fab. % ), from Dr.
Samuel Lewis.

3 specimens of Coleoptera, from J. H. B. Bland.

3 specimens of Coleoptera, from Charles A. Blake.
Total, — 159 specimens.

donations to library.

Prairie Farmer (^Chicago, III.), JVos. 7 to 10, of Vol. 9. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the Society, for January and February, 1862. From
the Publication Committee.

written communications.

A letter was read from the Chicago Academy of Sciences, dated Chi-
cago, 111., February 11th, 1862, acknowledging the receipt of the first
four numbers of the Proceedings of the Society.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Pro-
ceedings : —

" Descriptions of some new North American Coleoptera, by George H.
Horn, M. D."

" On Winter Collecting, by H. T. Fay."

And were referred to Committees.

ELECTIONS.

Mr. John W. Keating, of Philadelphia, was elected a Memher of the
Society.

And Mr. W. J. Howard, of Central City, Colorado Territory, was
elected a Correspondent.

1862.] 147

NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-LE IDOPTERA.
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. D.

BEDELLIA SOMNIJLENTELLA.

In the January number of the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences for i860, page 8, I described a species of the genus Bedellia
under the specific name Staintoniella. Subsequently Mr. Stainton, of
London, pronounced our American species to be the same as the Euro-
pean, and kindly sent me specimens for comparison. Our insect should
hence be known as sojunulentclla, the name of the Eui'opean species
with Avhich it is identical.

Early in last October, a little friend who amuses himself by searching
for mined leaves for me, brought me some leaves of the Morning Glory
{Ipomoea purpure(i), in which he had detected mines. It instantly
occurred to me that they were the work of a species of Bedellia, as I
knew this to be the food-plant of the genus. The leaves were put in breed-
ino'-vessels, and in due time I had the satisfaction to secure a number of
images. The species is double-brooded ; the last brood appearing during
the latter part of October and early in November.

The larva and its habits are described in European works, but I desire
to put on record in the Proceedings, for the benefit of American students,
my own description of its habits.

In early life the larva mines in a narrow, very serpentine track, some-
times intricately winding, and much resembling the mine of a Nepticula
larva. It is perfectly transpai'ent, with a central line of " frass," but in
consequence of exposure to the weather, after its abandonment by the
young larva, the delicate cuticles of the leaf are destroyed. When the
young larva is about one line long, it appears to leave the linear mine,
and thenceforward it mines the leaf in blotches, entering between the
cuticles from the under surface. These blotches are perfectly transpa-
rent, or glassy in appearance, when the leaf is held up to the light, and
the larva, with its peculiarities of coloring, is seen with perfect distinct-
ness. The point at which the larva raises the lower cuticle of the leaf is
maintained open, and the terminal rings of its body remain at this open-
ing, or the larva retreats to it to void its " frass" externally. One leaf is
often inhabited by several larvae.

The lower surface of the leaf is occupied around the mined places by
numerous cross-threads, woven by the larva and which resemble spider-
threads. These are freely traversed by the larvae in moving from one part"
(if the leaf to another.

148 [March

lu locomotiou, the movements of the larva are those of a half looper.

The larva is slender, rather moniliform, and somewhat flattened. The
body is tuberculated along the sides of the segments with round nodules.
The tei'minal prolegs project behind, like a little fork; the abdominal
prolegs are very short and slender, and four in number ; the pair on the
8th segment is rather laro-er than the others.

It is beautifully colored. G-eneral hue, greenish, varied with dark red-
dish, with six dark reddish tubercules on each side. On each side the
5th segment is a pair of white tubercules, and two more pairs of the same
hue on the 8th and 9th, and a single white one on each side the 6th.
Head pale brownish, as well as the second segment.

The pupa is naked, not enclosed in a cocoon, and is fixed by the tail at
the junction of cross-threads on the under surface of the leaf of the food-
plant, or other convenient neighboring objects. The pupa is not sus-
pended by the tail, as in butterflies, but is supported on the cross-threads
in a position more or less horizontal. The head-case of the pupa is nar-
rowly elongated and pointed, the process thus formed being three-sided.
It tapers regularly from the thorax to the abdominal extremity, but on the
back of the abdomen-case, which is somewhat flattened, there are three
ridges, one in the middle and one on each side. Color, blackish-brown ;
varied on the dorsum of the abdomen-case, with grayish along the edges
of the ridges, and with greenish between them.

The first imago, taken in the pupa state on the 9th of October, appeared
on the 21st inst. The imago rests in the position of a Tischeria, that is,
with the fore legs applied to the breast, the front part of the body eleva-
ted, and the ends of the wings touching the surface on which the imago
may be standing. It is rather sluggish in its habits. The fall brood
doubtless hyberuates until the following spring.

The affinities of this little insect are very interesting. In early life its
mode of mining indicates a relationship to the genus Nepticula. Its
subsequent habits recalls those of the genera Tischeria and Butalis. The
larva resembles the false loopei's of the Noctuina^ and its mode of trans-
formation closely approaches the pupation of the Rhopalocerous larvce,
the Pterophorina, and that of the genus Eldvhisfa. In the imago, the
folded fore legs, the position at. rest and the tufted front, show strong
afl&nities towards the genus Tischeria^ and its wing structure places it in
the lithocoUitiform group of the Tineina to which the former genus belongs.

The collector, in searching for the larva; of this insect, should look
amongst the leaves that are most shaded, for these are preferred to those
exposed to the sun. After having found a plant inhabited by them, he

IS()2.] 149

can eitlier secure them ami rear theui in breeding-vessels, or wait until
the period of pupation, and secure, the pupas without the trouble of at-
tending to the feeding of the larA'nc.

NEPTICUIA MINEKS OF THE SYCAMORE LEAF.

I ascertained, during the foil of 1801, that there is more than one
species of Neptmda that mines the leaf of the Sycamore tree, and that
all of them are double brooded. The first brood may be taken early
in June and July, and the second during the latter part of September
and early in October.

The mine and larva of one species is described in the November and
December number of the present work for 18C1, page 83, and the imago
in the January and February number for 1862, page loo; but it may be
well to repeat here, for the purpose of comparison, a more circumstantial
description of the mine of the species to which allusion is made.

The mine of Neptinda PkmtaneUa begins as a very slender track, the.
entire length of which is filled v:ith fraxs. This is very soon expanded
into a round, conspicuous, blister-like blotch on the upper surface of the
leaves, which sometimes obliterates the early portion of the mine ; but in
this event it is still perceptible on the separated epidermis as a slender,
dark brown line. After the blotch has been formed, the " frass" is dif-
fused over the floor of the mine, discoloring its surface.

Sycamore miner, No. 2, mines in quite a straight line, when its course
is along a vein of the leaf, otherwise it is slightly winding. The mine
begins as an extremely minute tract, and is gradually enlarged towards
the extremity. A day or two before leaving its mine the larva enlarges
the end into a small blotch, which has attached to it a long linear track,
irith a central line of blackish frass. In the enlarged portion of the mine
the frass-line changes into one of scattered and separated grains.

The larva is of a lively or bright green color, with a dark green central
line of intestinal matters. Head, pale brownish. The body tapers some-
what from the thoracic wings. The larva was not taken from the mine
for description.

The imago of this species is undescribed, and although I secured cocoo-
nets last fall, which may produce images in the spring, I shall be glad if
some new obsei-ver reai-s imagos in the coming summer, and records a de-
scription of them.

Sycamore miner, No. 3, mines, at first, in a very narrow, transparent
track, having a blackish central line of frass ; the tract being usually
much contorted. At this stage of its larval life, which is its earliest
period, the miner can scarcely be detected by the naked eye. Three or

150 [March

four days before pupation, the larva begins to enlarge the linear mine into
a blotch. This enlargement takes place most often over the course of the
old linear mine, the latter half of which furnishes the basis of the Lloteh,
and hence leaves within it a blackish frass-line. The edges of the blotch
are irregular ; in the mine of Plantanella the blotch is circular, or nearly
so, and the early portion of the mine is filled with frass, while the blotch
is formed by dilating the linear tract, after it becomes five or six lines long.

The larva, when young, is transparent; color, white, tinged with green-
ish, with the thoracic segments swollen, giving it a fusiform appearance.
Subsequently it becomes of a pale green color, retaining, however, the
swollen thoracic rings.

In order to insure success in rearing these minute larvae, one must be
careful that an excess of moisture does not condense on the sides of the
vessels in which the leaves containing them are kept. When the larvce
are full fed they abandon their mines in order to weave their cocoons, and
if there is much moisture on the sides of the vessel, the larvas will be
drowned in it as they endeavor to ascend its sides. When this happens,
or when the larvae are disabled by a few hours' submersion in this moist-
ure, the observer is not only discouraged, but his care and attention are lost.

This accident has happened to me very often. In order to avoid it, I
have found that if the layer of moist sand is covered with a layer of damp
earth an inch or two thick, and packed rather firmly, that the moisture
does not collect on the sides of the vessel to such a deuree as to endani-er
the lives of the larvae. Indeed its accumulation may be prevented en-
tirely, provided the sand is not too wet. The earth should not be wetted,
and its degree of dampness should be that which is natural to the soil in
summer. If the cover of the breeding-vessel fits accurately, the leaves
may be laid simply on the surface of the earth, and they will keep fresh
for quite a long time.

The cocoonets are not as easily detected by the eye, however, on the
brown earth, as they are on the surface of white sand. But if the surface
of the earth is smoothed with the fingers, so as to leave no fissui'es or
cracks in it, the larvae will nearly always weave on the sides of the glass
where they meet the surface of the earth.

The Sycamore miners often weave their cocoonets within their mines,
when the air within the vessel is too humid. Previously to weaving they
carefully cut the epidermis, some distance on each side of the point at
which the cocoonet is to be placed, and thus secure their exit as imagos.
According to my observation, this vievcr takes place in nature. And yet,
great numbers of the larvae that mine leaves overhanging a stream of water

1S(J2.] 151

— for the 8ycani(ire usually stands along the margins of streams — must be
drowned after abandoning their mines.

Characters of the larvae of MYCETOPHILID^ffi.

BY BARON R. OSTEN SACKEN.

(Plate 2.)

A considerable amount of information on the earlier stages of existence
of Diptera is scattered through the entomological publications. Only a few
years ago, Mr. Haliday prepared a list of nearly all the references on this
subject. (^List of the genera and species of the British Diptera^ the
earlier stages of which are more or less perfectly known, with references
to the principal authorities^ in the Natural History Review, p. 180.) The
next step, after a publication of this kind, is to digest the materials thus
collected, and to reduce to a more compact form the information contained
in them. But this being done, one becomes very soon aware that the in-
crease of knowledge thus obtained is rather insignificant, that a vast num-
ber of references add but very little to the facts, and that a real advance
can be obtained only by fresh investigation. The knowledge of larval
forms, due to former observers, does not, in most cases, supply us the
knowledge of the characters of these forms. The desideratum of dip-
terology in its present state is to establish the natural character of each
family in its larval form, as well as the natural character of at least the
principal genera within each family, during the same stage of existence.

An attempt pf this kind on the family of Mycetophilidae, is offered in
this paper. It contains : Ist.-A comparative description of the exter-
nal anatomy of the principal genera in their larval form. 2d.— A brief
account of what is known about the habits of each genus. 3d.— A list of
references, with a short notice on the importance of each.

It will be observed that the description of the transformations of Myceto-
hia pallipes, usually considered as belonging to the Mt/cetophilidsej has
been omitted. The earlier stages of this insect, as observed and described
in perfect agreement by Lyonnet, Dufour and Guerin, are totally at vari-
ance with those of the other genera of the family, the larva being amphi-
pneustic, and the pupa having spines round the abdominal segments, like
those of the Tipulidx. Both resemble most strikingly the larva and pupa
Rhyplius. I have deemed it better, therefore, to exclude this genus from
the family until further research indicates its true location.

The principal descriptions of the larvae of Mycetophilidae have been
given by Dufour, Bouch6 and Heeger.

152 [March

Leon Dufour,* in his paper on the metamorphoses of fungivorous larvae,
made the first and only attempt at a generalization of the characters belong-
ing to the different genera of the family. He divides these larvae in onten-
natse (Bolitophila) and non-antennatx ; the latter are subdivided in oculatse
(Mycetophila, Cordyla) and non-oculatse (Sciara). But it will be shown
below that the antennge may be considered as always extant, although fre-
quently in a rudimentary state. It is difiicult to say what Dufour took for
the ocelli; if it was the pair of small, pellucid, convex spots, which may be
perceived below the antennae, he was correct in stating that they are absent
in Sciara ; but how did he not perceive them in Bolitophila ? (" Mes in-
vestigations les plus repetees, says he, ne m'ont fait reconnoitre ilans les
anfennees, ancune trace d'yeux.") As to the trophi, their description is
very imperfect; the author indistinctly perceived a pair of serrated man-
dibles, but did not discover any maxillge nor palpi. He gives, however,
very valuable observations on the internal anatomy of these larvae.

Bouche has described several larvse of Mijcetophila and Sciara, but,
besides giving an idea of their general appearance, these descriptions have
little value. The statements about the trophi are very imperfect ; the
figures appended to them are incorrect. (Thus the mandible of M//c.
signata, Tab. III., f. 7, or the head and mandibles of Sciara, Tab. III.,
f. 11, are altogether imaginary.)

Heeger, likewise, has published observations on a Sciara and a Myceto-
phila. The paper on Sciara contains the only correct description and
figures of the trophi of any larva of this family hitherto given. In the
article on Mycetophila, on the contrary, Heeger has committed a most sin-
gular error, in taking the back of the larva fur its venter, and vice-versa.
The trophi are not mentioned at all.

In the sequel I have attempted to establish the general characters of
the lar\(t! of this family, and to show at the same time the modifications
which these characters incur in the principal genera. My statements are
principally based upon my own observations on the larvse of Mycetophila
aignata. (or a closely allied species), of Bolitophila cinerea, M., Sciophila
linhatella Zett, and several species of Sciara, all of which I have reared.
I had, moreover, a larva found under the bark of a tree in Virginia, and
which I have some reason to suppose to be that of Lfy'a.

It is on the examination of these larvae, supported by scattered state-

'ments found in previous authors, that I have tried to define the characters

of this family and of the genera. These characters may, and probably

■■■ All the quotations lui ve to be looked for in the Beferences, at the end of this ])aper.

1862.] 158

will, be modified by future research; but the only way to arrive at their
improvement, is to establish a basis to start from.

I. LARVA.

The general characters of the larva) of Mycetophllidae,, known to me,
may be set down thus :-

A distinct horny head ; a fleshy lahram, encased in a liornij frame ;
horny, flat, lameUiform mandib/es, indented on the inside; maxillse with
a, large coriaceous inner lohe, and a horny outside piece, with a circnlar
excision at the tij) ; labium horny, small, almost rudimentary ; body
fleshy, u'ith eight pairs of stigmata.

I. The head consists of a more or less strong horny shell ; it is strongest
in Bolttophila and softest in Sciophila ; it is open anteriorly and poste-
riorly, the anterior opening containing the trophi, the posterior one form-
ing the connection with the first thoracic segment.

Viewed from above, the heads of the larvae show the following differ-
ences: Ist.-In the form, which is sometimes cordiform (fig. 2, Myc. sig-
nata) ; sometimes almost square (fig. 4, Sciara) ; or broad and rounded
(fig. 9, Bolttophila). The head of Sciophila, as well as that of the
larva which I suppose to belong to Leja, are more elongated than the
others (figs. 6 and 7). 2d.-In the outline of the posterior (occipital)
margin; in Mycetophila and Sciara, it is more or less emarginated in the
middle (figs. 2 and 4, <.); the same is the case with the four larvae of
Mycetophik* and with Cordyla crassipalpa, and Sciara ingeniia, all de-
scribed by Dufour; this emargination is sometimes in the middle of a
produced lobe (fig. 10,^/.), or of a lobe formed by two lateral emarginations,
although not produced beyond the lateral parts of this margin (fig. 10, b) ;
sometimes the lobe is hardly perceptible (fig. 10, <■.) ; in some larvae, as,
for instance, that of Myc. signata, there is a distinct notch on each side of
the lobe (fig. 2,^), formed by a fold of the horny substance. In Bolito-
phila (fig. 9) and Sciop)hila (fig. 6) the posterior mai'gin is not, or is almost
imperceptibly emarginated and not produced. 3d.-The direction of the
occipital lines, two slender, pellucid lines, beginning at the interval be-
tween the mouth and the antenna and running towards the posterior mar-
gin. They converge towards the middle of this margin in Mycet. signata,
Sciophila limbatella and in all Sciarse which came under my examina-
tion; sometimes they are nearly straight (fig. 2 and 6, /"), sometimes
undulated and angular (fig. 4,/). They are not convergent, and reach
the posterior margin at two distant points in Bolitophila (fig. 16).

Viewed from beneath, the horny shell of the head also shows some

154 [March

diiFereuces of structure : a. In Sriara aud Myrctophila sigiHifa its an-
terior and posterior openings are almost connected, or separated only by
narrow, horny stripes; in some Sfi'ai-se, for instance, there are two such
stripes (fig. 3) ; in other but one (they seem to break oif easily, at least in
specimens preserved in spirits) ; b. In Sciujyhila (fig. 7, t') and the sup-
posed larva of Leja^ (fig. 8, t') the anterior and posterior openings are
separated by a broad portion of the shell ; a distinct longitudinal suture
in the middle of this interval, indicates the soldering together of the two
edges of the shell. As to Bolifophila, among my five specimens of its
larva, one has the edges of the shell connected, in the others this connec-
tion was broken, as was evident fi'om the irregular outline of the margins.

Viewed in front (in the direction of the axis of the body) the head
generally shows the following openings in the horny shell, easily perceiv-
able on account of their paler color : in Mi/cctopliila (fig. 12) a sub-
triangular spot in the middle (r/), which is the fleshy part of the upper
lip ; a round spot on each side, (rudimentary antenna, fig. 12«) ; a second,
more oblong and irregular spot below (the interval between the root of the
mandible and the edge of the horny shell, fig. 12/i'* ; fig. 11, the inter-
val between /• and .s), and a third smaller spot (m) which is the ocel-
lus ; the three slits on the lower part of the head (?i*) are the intervals
between the maxillae. Sciophila has the same pellucid spots; but those
marked a and /.•* on the plate are oblong, and the spot (ocellus?) m is
black, opaque. Sciara is in this respect like Mijcctopliila^ only the spot
m (ocellus) is either black, opaque or wanting. In Bnlitophila the spot
d (labrum) is much smaller, a a (antennae), on the contrary, larger.*

The organs connected with the head, and which I have to describe now,
are the luitennse, the ocelli and the parts of the mouth (trophi).

A. Antennse. A pair of round openings in the horny shell of the head,
one on each side of the mouth, are the places of insertion of the antennse.
In Mycetophila they seem to be generally rudimentary, mere soft, fleshy
swellings projecting through a round hole (figs. 1 and 2, «) ; still, the
larva of Mj/r. nigra has, according to Bouche, distinct, stout, conical
two-jointed antenna), and Cordi/la o-dssipaljia ( according to Dufour)
likewise, although short ones. Srlura{ig. 4, a) and S<:loj)hlla (fig. 6, fO
have, like Mycetophila, rudimentary antennae. In BollfopJilla they reach
the greatest development, being distinctly jointed. They consist ol a

* I deemed it useful to notice these paler spots on the dark ground of the head,
as former authors have mentioned them, without explaining their meaning.
Perris, for instance, has figured tJie liead of Seiopliila viewed iu tlie direction of
the axis of the bodv.

1862.] 155

stout, whitish, fleshy basal joiut. divided iu two by a horny ring; second
joint cylindrical, horny; third joint much shorter (it bears a bristle, ac-
cording to Dufour; my specimens, preserved for years in spirits, may
have lost it.) However, even the rudimentary antennas of the other genera,
when viewed from above, show on the fleshy tubercle an indistinct circle
or ring, probably the indication of a joint.

B. Ocelli. Bollfophihi and Mi/cctophil(( (m in figs. 1, 11 and 12)
show on each side, below the antenna, a small, pellucid, convex spot,
which may be an ocellus, and has been taken for one by Dufour. The
other larvae have either no such spots at all, or opaque, black spots in their
stead.

C. Trophi. The trophi of the larvae of the M//cetophilulse consist of
all the parts forming the normal type of the insect mouth : the lahriim, a
pair of horny mandUjlcs^ a pair of maxillse^ and a lahium.

1. Lahrnm. It is a fleshy piece, encased in a kind of horny frame,
which is fastened to the epistoma and interrupted anteriorly. Fig. 13
represents the labrum of Mijcctophlla slgnata ; d is the fleshy part, c the
horny frame, the inner margin of which is fringed on the inside, towards
the tip, with a row of very minute, stiff bi'istles. The labrum of the other
genera has precisely the same structure ; it is somewhat smaller in Bolito-
phila (fig. 9, (J) ; in Sciophila, and in the larva which I take to be L<'ja.
the epistoma shows a distinct depression in the middle. In all these
larvae the labrum occupies a considerable portion of the upper part of the
mouth, its tip, in repose, resting between the inner sides of the maxillae
(see (7, in figs, 1-4, 6, 7, 9 and 11.) Its function seems to be, princi-
pally, to shut the oral orifice, and perhaps to press on the mandibles and
maxillae during the process of mastication.

2. Mandibles. They are horny lamels, serrated or indented on the
inside, and attached at two points to the horny shell of the head, that is,
to a horny projection of this shell, generally existing close by the antenna
(fig. 11, r) and another point a little below it, so that a vacant space,
already mentioned above, remains between the lower edge of the mandible
and the horny shell. The mandibles are compressed between the labrum
and the maxillae, and their indented edge is more or less closely applied to
the indented edge of the maxilla (/■■ in figs. 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 ; fig. 5 shows
the position of the mandibles of S<'i(ir<L after the removal of the maxillse).
It results from this description that, differing from the usual situation of
the mandibles, here they are in a more or less oblique position towards
each other. 'Y\\e form of the mandibles differs in different genera. Those
of Mj/<-. Hi(jii(it(( (fig. lo) have a thin, rounded, serrated inner edge and a

156 [March

second row of indentations, parallel to tlie first, on the flat surface of the
lamel, along the margin of its stronger portion (fig. 15, q). The man-
dibles of BoUtojihila resemble the former in their outline. Those of
Sciara are more square, and have only three or four large indentations at
one end (fig. 16) ; those of Sciopliila are uniformly thin, slightly con-
cave, with several large indentations, and some minute ones in their inter-
vals and on the surface (fig. 17).

3. Maxillse (figs. 18 and 19). They consist of a triangular cardinal
piece (x x in the figs. 1, 3, 7, 8 and 18) and a sfijjcs composed of two dis-
tinct pieces : 1st. An inner one, which is generally connected with the
cardinal piece below by a horny process (o in figs. 18 and 19) and ends
above in a coriaceous, more or less cultriform lobe, serrated on the in-
side (z). 2d. An outside one, (d'') which is horny, and has near its tip
a round excision (i) for the palpus. The cardinal piece of one side is
generally separated by an interval from that on the opposite side (as in
Mi/cetopliila^ Sriara, Sciojdida ; see the above quoted figures) ; but in
the larva which I suppose to be that of Lcja^ they are remarkably large
and contiguous (fig. 8, xx^. The serrated lobe offers much analogy of
structure in all the larvae which came under my examination ; in Myceto-
phila, its edge had 10 or 11 sharp indentations, which become smaller
and indistinct towards the tip. The Sciarse showed only 6 or 7 such in-
dentations, of which four were larger and less sharp than in Mi/cetophila,
the other 2 or 3 were small and rounded ; in Sciophila the serrated lobe
is elongated, narrow and curved ; the indentations are distinct only at the
base; in Bolitophila (fig. 19) on the contrary, the lobe is short, rather
stout, with sharp indentations. The horny process o is particularly de-
veloped in this genus, being strongest and showing a distinct excision
immediately below the first tooth of the cultriform lobe (fig. 19). The
horny outside piece of the maxilla (d' in figs. 18 and 19) is closely applied
to the inner one (see A, figs. 1 and 3, showing the maxillje of Mycetophila
and Sciara in their relative position to the other parts of the head)
although not soldered to it (a slight pressure between two glass plates
easily separates them, as fig. 18 shows.) A small fleshy tubercle, pro-
truding through the round opening at the tip of this piece, is evidently
a rudimentary maxillary p(dpu>i (/'), which I have seen developed only in
Sciophila (fig. 7, /) where it is subuliform and apparently two-jointed.
The round excision is unusually large in this genus. The rudimentary
palpi of the other genera, show under a strong magnifying power a minute
horny ring in the middle of the excision (as in tig. 18) which may be the
indication of a second joint. In two Sciarse which I dissected, the hoop

1S(>2.] 157

cia-irc-ling tlic oxci.sii>n i« stout, so as to bo somewhat tubular (tliis is the
reason why, when isohited and compressed between two glass plates, this
opening appears less pellucid than in Mj/refoj)hi/(i).

The combined action of the mandibles and maxillae is probably that of
abrading the objects against which the under side of the head is applied.
This may also explain the large sized upperlip, which presses these organs
auainst the scraped surface, and the internal situation of the lower lip,
which, if projecting, would interfere with the function of the other organs.

4. Under lip. This organ is but little developed, and I have not suc-
ceeded in elucidating its structure completely. Between the maxillae a
horny, often V-shaped piece is seen (fig. 14 ; y in figs. 3 and 7 ', see, also,
fig. 18), the branches of which extend behind the maxillae. Judging
from the analogy of other insects, it is not improbable that this organ has
some function to perform in connection with the cocoon-spinning of the
larva). I incline to find this opinion confirmed by Dufour's description of
the larva of Ccroplatits, where these organs seem to have more develop-
ment. After having mentioned fico ])airi< of mandibles (evidently mean-
ing by the second pair the maxilla)), he describes a pair of blackish,
horny tubes, slightly curved, inserted, one each side, between the basis of
both mandibles, their tips being directed backwards. They are the organs
for spinning. The only doubtful point here is the position ascribed to
these organs, and which, if I understand it right, would not quite an-
swer to that of the labium.

II. The body of the larvte of Mjeetophilidse, is subcylindrical, more or
less elongated, fleshy, whitish or yellowish (in Sciopliila and some Seiat-se)
and consists of 12 segments. It is most elongated, almost serpentiform,
in Sciophila ; stouter and shorter in Bolitnphila and Mijcetophila. Sciara,
in this respect, seems to hold the middle. It is smooth, without hairs or
bristles, except those on the ventral side. Generally it is very trans-
parent, showing distinctly the intestinal canal and the tracheae. It has
eiijlit pairs of stigmata,* one on the first thoracic and seven on the first
seven abdominal segments, the two last ones having none. These stig-
mata are small, horny, nipple-shaped projections; those of Sciojdiila are
the smallest. (At least they were so in the species I reared ; judging,
however, from Dufour's description and figures of the larvae of Sc. striata^
it seems that the stigmata were much larger and projecting in that spe-

■* Bouche attributes nine pairs of stigmata to the larvae of Myc. nigra and to those
of the three Sciarce which he reared ; Heeger, the same number to Myc. lunata. I
believe these statements to be erroneous, as all the larvse of Mycetophila and Sciara
which I saw. and likewise those described by Dufour. had eight pairs.

15S [Marcf/

cies; the thoracic pair was bifid.) The locomotive organs consist of more
or less apparent transverse swellings on the under side of the ventral
segments, sometimes furnished with minute bristles or spines. The latter
are frequently arranged (especially in Mi/cetophiJa) in two transverse,
parallel rows on each of eight or ten segments; in Bolitophila, if suffici-
ently magnified, they appear to consist of a multitude of short bristles,
arranged in lines, and forming a transverse band. The arrangement of
these bristles seems to vary in difi"erent species, and has been used by
Dufour as a specific character in the description of the larvae of several
Mt/cetuph'dse. Myc. inodesta Dufour, according to this author, had no
such bristles; likewise the locomotive swellings of all the Sciarse which
I have examined, had none; however, Sciara ingenua Duf. had them,
according to the same author. The larva of Sciojyhila which T reared was
furnished with them, but they were exceedingly minute ; they were placed
on the ventral side of eight abdominal segments; all rows being double,
except the first, which seemed simple; the 8th or last, was almost obsolete.
The last abdominal segment of the larvae is generally simple, but often, as
in some larvae of Mi/cetophUa, more or less bilobed.

The larva of Cet-oplatus, judging from the descriptions of Reaumur,
Bosc and Dufour, has a very difierent structure of the body. Its four
anterior segments only are distinctly separated, the incisures of the others
being concealed by numerous transverse wrinkles, which give this larva
the appearance of a leech (see fig. 20). No stigmata was perceptible.

II. PUPA.

The pupjB uf the MijrttoplLilidte. are ('xtruatcd ; that is, not encased in
the contracted skin ol' the larva. The legs are applied to the breast and
venter; the antennae bent round the eyes, and their remaining portion ap-
plied to the breast between the wings and the legs. In Sriara their basis
is frequently expanded into a tooth. The prothoracic stigma is placed on a
small protuberance a little above tlie root of the wing, immediately behind
the antenna. In some Sciarse, this protuberance is extended into the shape
of a pointed horn, the direction of which is parallel to that of the longitu-
dinal axis of the body (fig. 22); an air-tube may be distinctly seen enter-
ing this horn. The abdominal stigma are distinct on both sides of the
abdomen, in the shape of small, brownish, nipple-shaped projections.

These pupai are smooth, the margins and angles (jf the body are rounded,
and not sharp or pointed, like those of the pup;e of Ttpidufse, for instance.
Tlie only exceptions I met with arc those mentioned : th(! prothoracic
horns in some species of Sriinn. aisd the (loiilile point on tlie top of tlu^

18G2.] 151)

head, duo to the tootli-like oxpansion at the bases of the antennre. Tn
this respect, these pup;x) have a ch)se resembhuiee to those of some (Wi</o-
mi/!x — a resemblauce which has already been noticed before. (See Loew,
Stett. P]ntom. Zeit., 1842.) Not all the species of Sr!<tra^ however, have
pupai of such a structure.

The pupa3 of Mi/cetnphlla and SrinpliUa are enclosed in a cocoon, of
more or less density in different species.* Exceptions may occur, how-
ever, as for instance is the case with Mycet. inermiti Dufour, which, ac-
cording to this author, has apparently no cocoon, but, as he suggests him-
.self, it may have been so delicate as to have been destroyed by the
observer in the attempt to extricate the pupae from among the remains
of the fungus in which they were concealed. Sciara in some species
spins, in others, does not spin cocoons. An earthy case sometimes re-
places it (as in *SV. fuscipes Meig., observed by Heegei"). The pupae of
Sciara toxoneura 0. S. (fig. 22), were enclosed in small hollows just below
the surface of the cow-dung in which I found them. BoUtojJiUa^ according
to Dufour, has no cocoon (although I have reared the same insect, I find
no notice about its pupa in my papers). Ceroplatus and CurJijla spin
cocoons (Dufour).

III. Eemarks on the Habits of the MYCETOPHILIDJS.

All the larvae are gregarious, and live in decaying vegetable matters.
Mijcetophiln and Sriopht'la seem to prefer fungi and. other fungoid
gi'owths, as all the known lai-vas have been observed in such situations.
Sciara, on the contrary, is found among decaying leaves, in vegetable
mould, in cow-dung, under the bark of dead trees, etc. (One species even
forms a gall, as will be mentioned below.) That these larvaj shed their
skins several times before transforming into the pupa state, seems to be
beyond doubt, although I have never had occasion to observe it myself.
Heeger asserts it with the precision of an eye-witness about the larva
of Sciara fuscipea.

INTycetophila.

Heeger gives the following account of the habits of Myc. lunafa : —

" They hibernate mostly as perfect insects or as pupae ; seldom as

" larva; ; they appear in the spring and copulate after a few days, gener-

" ally in the evening. After 6 days, or lU, if the weather is moist and

^' rainy, the female lays its eggs on the fungi growing on old horse-

* The pupa of Sciophila striata Meig., reared by Dufour, had no cocoon.

160 [March

" chestnuts, singly, 20 or 30 on the same fungus. Before depositing
" them, she generally walks along the root of the fungus, in order to find
" the proper location for them. The larvae appear after 8 or 10 days,
"and begin to burrow in the underside of the pileus; they shed their
" skin three times, and transform near the outer margin ; the pupa state
" lasts from 9 to 12 days, after which the fly comes out, generally in the
" morning; it begins to move about to take its first food only towards the
" evening.

" The eggs are one fifth of a line long, cylindrical, white."

The larvae of this genus are generally whitish, rather stout. The horny
head is more or less brown.

Myc. signata Meig. (? or a closely allied species), which I have reared,
also spun its cocoon without leaving the fungus. In order to ascertain the
relative proportion of the sexes in the perfect insect, of which I had ob-
tained a large number, I examined a himdred specimens and found 51
males and 49 females. The cocoon was truncated at one end, and this
truncature covered with a delicate web, which the fly breaks through in
escaping. In this, as in all other respects, Dufour's statements about
M.hilaris Duf. (syn. M. arcuata Meig ?), a species closely allied to M.
signata^ agree exactly with mine.

A very curious larva of the same genus has been observed by Perris
(^Myc. scatopliora Perris). It carries on its back a sheath formed of its
own excrements, and moulded by means of a peculiar uudulatory motion
the skin. The larva is more stout and convex than the other larvae of
the genus, otherwise it agrees with them. The pupa; remain within the
sheath, but before assuming this state the larva extends the sheath ante-
riorly in a short neck, and tapestries it on the inside with a pellicule, which
renders it more tough and resisting. Larvae and pupa) were found on a
meadow, under an old plank, the under side of which was overgrown with
byssus.

]5remi observed a similar larva, but referred it to Sriirpln'In. The
probable origin of this error will be explained below.

CORDYLA.

The larva of (J. <tassij>a/j)(( Dufour, observed by this author in a
fungus, seems to agree in every respect with the larva of Myrctophild .

BOLITOPHILA.

The habits of this genus seem to be like those of MycctophUu. The
larva spins a cocoon, which remains on the surface of the ground or

1862.] 161

among the fragments of the decayed fungus. Dufour's observations
agree with mine. Guerin, as will be shown below, mistook for BoUtu-
phila quite a different larva.

SCIOPIIILA.

The larvae of this genus are easily distinguished from those of Myceto-
phila by their more elongated form and their mode of life, as they do
not burrow inside of the fungi, but live on the surface, generally on the
side of the pileus, which they cover with a web.

Some of them are found on decaying wood, especially when it is covered
with hyssus.

Degeer was the first observer of these larvae ; Dufour and Perris came
next. At present the transformations of Sciopliilse of all the three divi-
sions of Meigen (A, B, C) are known, and all seem to share the same
habits. Perris reared Sc. unimaculata Macq. (Div. B, Meig.) ; the same
author, as well as L. Dufour, reared Sc. striata Meig. (Div. A), and I
obtained in the same way Sc. Umhatella Zett. (or a closely allied species
of the same division C Meig.). The concurrence of these observations
makes me believe that the statement of Van Roser, who found the larva
of S. marginata Megerl. in an agaricus, and described it as being " ex-
actly like that of Mycctopliila^^ must be founded on a mistake; it will be
shown below that larvae of both genera frequently dwell together in the
same fungus. The following is an account of my own observations on '
Sciophila : —

I had brought home (in St. Petersburg, Russia, in Sept., 1855) larvae
of Mycetophila., which I succeeded in raising. Not less than 120 speci-
mens came out. What remained of the agarici, after this, was a putrid,
shapeless, semi-fluid mass, spread over the earth laying at the bottom of the
box in which the experiment was made. On these remains I soon noticed
minute larvae, diligently engaged in spinning; they grew rapidly, and in
five days were almost full-grown. During this time they had spun over
with a delicate web the whole surface of the putrid mass, especially the
hollows and inequalities in it. Each larva had its own district, where it
contined working under cover of the already completed tent. The latter
consisted of a dense upper stratum, under which hung, like so many
suspension-bridges, the tracks of the single larvae. On these tracks,
marked by a slimy substance, the larvae glided rapidly, like on a rail,
forwards and backwards. When disturbed, they immediately backed and
disappeared in their hollows. Sometimes they turned round without
leaving the track, by doubling the body and sliding the head towards

162 [March

the anus. A short time before transforming, the larvae left their webs
and crawled away in different directions. Their slimy tracks remained
visible on the ground even when dry. The pupae were located in the
corners of the box, and protected by a dense web, consisting of several
layers; the first enclosed the pupa, the others connected both sides of
the corners. The pupa-state lasted only a few days, and the imago was
excluded fourteen days after I had first noticed the larvae. The males
appeared first, soon afterwards the females. (Dufour's larva did not spin
a cocoon.)

It is curious that the larvae of Sciophila appeared only after the trans-
formation of the Mycetophilse was entirely completed ; for two or three
weeks the eggs of the former remained apparently dormant among the
bustle of so numerous larvae of the other species. This association of th^
two insects seems to be of frequent occurrence. L. Dufour obtained Scio-
phila melanocephala n. sp., together with Mycetopliila hilaris n. sp., from
Fiatulina hepatica. Perris found larvae of Sciopthila together with the
remarkable larva of Mijc. scatophora, and if Bremi mistook the latter
larva for that of Sciophila, his error had very probably the same
foundation as that of Mr. Van Roser, — the promiscuity of the two

larvee.

The larva of S. limbatella is about half an inch long, very narrow,
snake-like, pellucid, yellowish, with some slightly darker spots ; the head
is yellowish, the margin of its excision brownish. The details of its
structure have already been given. It is strange that neither Dufour nor
Perris mention the palpi of these larvce. The latter says explicitly : " no
antennae, no palpi, no mandibles." Likewise, Perris did not discern any
organs of locomotion ; " not the slightest bristle, nor hair."

Le.ta.

The habits of these larvae, as far as known, are similar to those of
Sciophila. Van Roser (Verg. Wiirt. Dipt.) says of Lcja fasciola Meig.,
" the transparent, smooth and slimy larva lives in delicate webs on the
surface of tree-fungi."

In September, 1860, I found (in Virginia) under the bark of a felled
and decaying tree, a full-grown, white larva, living on a similar web, and
which may be a Leja, as sevei'al specimens of the perfect insect of this
genus were concealed under the same bark, in the vicinity of the larvae.
Some peculiarities in the structure of the trophi of these larvae have been
noticed above.

18G2.] 1()8

Ceroplatus.

Reaumur's, Bosc's, Dufour's, and Wahlberg's observatious on these lar-
vae, prove that their habits have much analogy with those of the two
preceding genera. They live on the underside of the pileus of tree-
fungi, where they spin a transparent tent. The larva leaves this tent
before transforming, and spins a cocoon for the pupa somewhere in the
vicinity. The cocoon, like that of many Mijcetophilidse^ is truncate at
one end, and, according to Wahlberg, closed with a lid.

Dufour, in speaking of the larva, mentions a pair of large eye.s. What
he took for them was probably nothing but the rudimentary antennae, like
those of MycctophlJa and Sciara, already described. In all respects, the
structure of the mouth seems to be like that of the other larvae of the fam-
ily, except two tubes, used for spinning, and inserted one on each side, be-
tween the root of the mandibles and the maxillae (see above, Underlip) .
An interesting observation is that of Wahlberg, on the phosphorescence
of the larvae, and, in a still higher degree, of the pupa; the latter shine
through the cocoon as through a lantern.

As Bosc's observation was made on an American species, Ceroplatus
carbanarms Bosc, from Carolina, we may reproduce here what he says
about it (extracted from the article Ceroplatus in Diet, elassiquc <rhis-
foire 7iaturelle, Vol. III., p. 403. 1823.) " This larva is vermiform
" white, slimy, with a black head, distinct segments,* and tuberculiform
" organs of progression. It lives on a species of Boletus, very like i?.
" unicolor BuUiard, and is gregarious. It appears in June, and completes
"its growth in August; then it is about 2 J inches long, and about \ of
" an inch in diameter. During the whole period of this growth, but es-
" pecially towards its close, these larvae spin in common a loose web of a
" shining white, in the tissue of which they abscond when disturbed.
" They are so delicate that a mere touch crushes them. When left dry,
" they soon perish. About the time of their transformation they spin a
" cocoon, which is more dense than their web, although loose enough to
" allow the pupa to be seen through it."

Sci.^R.\.

The localities where the larvae are found are indicated above, and some
more statements will be found below, under the head of the references.
They are whitish, sometimes yellowish and more slender, and their skin is

* The statement of distinct segments does not seem to agree with Dufour's descrip-
tinn and figure of the leech-like appearance of the larva.

164 [March

more delicate than that of the larvae of Mycetophila, whom they other-
wise resemble. They may be further distinguished by the structure of
the trophi, and most of them seem to have no bristles or spines on the
locomotive processes on the under side of the body, whereas the majority
of the Mycctophilse, have them. They are even more gregarious than the
other larvaj of this family, and have the singular propensity of sticking
together in dense patches, in which situation they are frequently found,
for instance, under the bark of trees. It is probably to the same propen-
sity that the phenomenon, known in Germany under the name of army
worm (Heer-wurm), is due. This is a procession of larvae, sometimes
from 12 to 14 feet long, and two or three inches broad, consisting of
numberless specimens, sticking closely together and forming a layer of
about half an inch thickness. Such processions has been often observed
in woods in Germany, Sweden and Russia, but never sufficiently investi-
gated to explain their object. That the larvae do not migrate in search of
food, we can infer from the fact that they appear to be full-grown when
they form these processions. (E have not seen the last pamphlet on this
subject, by Mr. Hohmann, published in 1857. I believe, however, that
it contains nothing new, as Dr. Gersfacker, in his Annual Report on the
Progress of Entomology, for 1858, merely mentions its publication, with-
out giving any extract.)

Another remarkable fact with relation to the habits of Sciara, has been
discovered by Mr. Wiunertz, and published afterwards by Mr. Loew.
The larva of Sc. tilicola Lw., produces a gall on the leaves of young lin-
den trees, in shady, sheltered situations. The lemon-yellow larva, capable
of leaping, like the cheese-maggot, lives in numbers in the stem, generally
near the origin of the last or of the two last leaves. Each of them has a
hollow of its own, and produces a swelling of the size of a pea, which it
abandons before the transformation.

The following additional account is given on the habits of Sciara fus-
cipes Meig., by Heeger :- "The females lay there eggs in decaying fungi
or vegetable mould ; the eggs form short strings, from 6 to 10 in succes-
sion. If the weather is favorable and the temperature modei'ate, the
larvae are excluded in 8 or 10 days ; they shed their skin three times, at
irregular intervals, depending on conditions of heat and moisture. Before
undergoing the pujia-state they form near the surface of the soil a little
barrel-shaped case, out of which the pupa extricates itself in part, before
the exclusion of the perfect insect."

" The shedding of the skin and the transformations generally take place
in the morning; the copulation more frequently in the evening."

18(52.] 165

We have mentioned already, that tlie pupa of Sciara is sometinicH en-
closed in a cocoon, sonietiines not, and that, in some species, the bases of
the antennae are expanded into a pair of pointed teeth, and the prothoracic
stigmata assume the shape of horns.*

About the habits of Platyura, Asinduhim, Plesiastina and some other
genera, see References at the end. Nothing is as yet known about the
structure of their larvae ; and it is not at all impossible that some of them
belong, like those of Mijcetohia (see page 1), to a totally different type of
organization.

* I may be allowed to describe here a remarkable Sciara, distinguished from the
other species of the family by the form of the fork on the wings, and which I
reared from larvse and pupse found in dry cow-dung, near Washington, in April,
1861.

Sciara toxoneura n. sp. — Nigra, antennis, ore, palpisque nigris, thorace nigro,
polito, coxis anticis flavescentibus ; alis % subhyalinis, 9 nigrescentibus; rarao
superiore furcse alarum valde arcuato, ventricoso; long. 0.12 — 0.15.

Head, mouth and palpi black; antennae black, covered with a short, dense pu-
besence; no verticils, nor any longer hairs; joints cylindrical, connected by very
short pedicels ; front, vertex and thorax black, shining ; pleurse velvety black ;
halteres blackish; feet pale, with a blackish tinge ; a darker spot on the knees;
tarsi also darker; coxae pale or yellowish, basis black; tibiae with a pair of short,
yellow spurs at tip; abdomen black; the connecting skin between the segments,
when distended, especially on the last segment of the female, yellow; wings ( % )
almost hyaline, ( 9 ) tinged with inky black, hyaline at base; the anterior branch
of the fork, being very arcuated at the basis, forms a knee; its latter half is
straight ; posterior branch only slightly curved ; cross-vein, connecting the first
and second longitudinal veins is a little anterior to the middle of the distance be-
tween the tip of the first longitudinal vein and the origin of the petiole of the
fork.

This species somewhat resembles Zygoneura by the form of the fork, but is dis-
tinct on account of the structure of its antennse.

Larva. Head black, hind margin somewhat produced and emargined in the
middle ; occipital lines convergent (very faint) ; on the under side it has two
horny stripes, connecting the edges of the horny shell ; body white, anal segment
somewhat coarctate in the middle.

Pupa yellowish ; head, thorax and wings become blackish before the exclusion
of the perfect insect ; basis of the antennae and thoracic spiracles as mentioned
above (see figure 22).

166 [Makch

REFERENCES*

MYCETOPHILA.

DuFOUR, (LfiON). Memoire sur les metamorphoses de plusieurs larves
fungivores, appartenant a des dipteres. (Annales des Scien-
ces Naturelles, 2e serie, Vol. XII, 1839, pp. 5—60; tab.
I-III.) Second Memoire (1. c. Vol. XIII, 1840, page 148-168;
tab. III.) This is an elaborate and most important paper on the
natural history and anatomy not only of the larvae of Mijcetophil-
Idae,^ but also of other families of fungivorous diptera, illustrated
by numerous figures. Besides a general introduction, the part
of which referring to Mi/cetophilidse has been reviewed above,
the following species of this family are mentioned : —

Mycetoph'da atnah'dh Duf. (Syn. M. praeuata Meig?), M.
hUaris Duf. (syn. M. arciiata Meig?), M. modesta Duf. (re-
lated to 31. hrunnca Macq.) M. inermis Duf., Cordyla crass i-
palpa Macq., Sciara ingeyiua Duf, Bolitophda fusca Meig.
(under the name of Macrocera liyhrida Meig.). Larvae and
pupae of all these species are described, and a part of them
figured.

BouciiE, Naturgeschichte der Insecten, Berlin, 1834, p. 37, sqq. M.
signata (Tab. Ill, figs. 5-9, 1. p. and details) ; M. nigra. De-
scriptions short; that of the structure of the mouth of the
larvae is not correct.

Heeger (Ernst), Beitrdge zur Naturgeschichte der Insecten^ in the
Sitzungsber. d. Wien. Acad., Vol. VII, 1851, p. 394. Tab.
XI, (1. p. i.) M. lunata M.

This paper is a puzzle to me; it is very detailed ; the figures are
prepared with great care ; and still statements and figures are to-
tally at variance with what is known about other larvae of Mijceto-
phda and even about larvae of species closely related to M. lunata.
The stigmata are said to be nine, on nine consecutive segments
of the body, except the two first; the locomotive swellings,
with their bristles, are described and figured as being on the

* All these references have been compared, except a few marked with an aster-
isk; n. e. (nothing else) at the bottom of a reference, means that it contains nothing
but what is stated about it; L, p., i. are larva, pupa, inuujo. The titles of works
and papers are given in full, when mentioned for the iirst time; afterwards, in
abbreviation.

1^02.]

167

Ixirk of the larva, etc. ! It seems evident tluit the back has
been taken for the venter, and vice versa.

Van Roser, Verzeichniss Wiirtembergischer Diptern. In the Corres-
pondenzhlatt <l. Wilrt; Landwirthsch. Vei'ems, 1834. M. hi/dm
n. sp. (undescribed). "The yellow larva," says the author,
" lives in Ili/dnum rej)andum, in galleries which it spins over ;
its shape is different from tbe larvae of the same genus." (n. e.)

I'krris. Notice sur quelques dipteres nouveaux, Ann. Soc. Entom. de
France, Ure Serie, Vol. VIII., 1839, p. 47. Tab. V., fig.s.
1—3 (p. and i.)

31. lyvogalm n. sp. Pupa found in Lycognla mininfa ; larva
unknown; imago described.
*' " Notes pour servir a I'histoire des metam. de diverses esp. de
dipteres, Ann. Soc. Entom. de France, 184! >, p. 51. Tab. III.
No. 1. (1. p. i. and details.) M. scatophora n. sp. (extract
given above, p. 160).

liREMi, Beitrag z. Kunde d. Diptern insbes. iiber das Vorkommen
mehrerer Gatt. nach besond. Localitiiten und Fang derselben;
auch iiber die Lebensweise mehrerer Larven. Isis 1846, p.
164. M. lutea and M. lunata obtained from Agaricus citri-
nus (n. e.).

ScHOLZ, Uber den Aufenth. d. Dipteren wahrend ihrer ersten Stande.
Schles. Entom. Zeit. 1819. 31. pallida Stann. and 31. luctuosa
Meig., reared from Boletus bulbosus. (n. e.)

Stannius, Bemerkungen liber einige Arten Zweifliigl. Gattungen :
Macrocera, Platyura, Sciophila, Leja und Mycetophila, Isis
1830. 31. signata reared from Boletus edulis^ and found es-
pecially in pine woods, (n. e. The paper contains synonymical
remarks, descriptions, etc.)

BoiE, Zur Verwandlungs-geschichte inlandischer Zweiflugler. Krb-
jers Tidskr. II., p. 234, 1838. 31. signata; a few words, only.

Degeer, Memoires, Vol. VI., p. 361 [Germ. edit. p. 142], 14. Tab.
XXII., figs. 1-13 (1. p. i.) The figures are good, and repre-
sent a larva with distinct antennae ; this makes me doubt
whether Meigen (Europ. Zweifl. I. p. 266) was right in refer-
ring them to 31. fusca. Although the figure of the perfect insect
is undoubtedly a 3Tycetophila, Degeer's text shows that he could
not be very certain whether it was really reared from the larva
which he has figured.

168 [March

CORDYLA.

DuFoUR, 1. c. (See Mycetophila.^

REAUMUR, M^moires pour servir a Thistoire des insectes, Vol. IV., p. 181,

Tab. XIII., figs. 9--11 (1. above and below magnif., and nat.

size). In the text, a few words, only. Dufour refers it here.

BOLITOPHILA.

CtUERIN, Memoire sur un insecte du genre BoUtophila. Annales des
Sciences Naturelles, lere serie, 1827, Vol. X., p. 399-411, Tab.
XVIII., figs. 1-13 (1. p. i. and details) ; see, also, extract in
Isis 1834, p. 926. The figure of the perfect insect, given as
that of B. cinerea, undoubtedly belongs to this genus. As
to the larva, however, some mistake must have been committed,
as it cannot be the larva of Bolifophila. Guerin's larva had two
anal stigmata, placed between four moveable lobes, and no lateral
stigmata ; and belonged, therefore, probably to the Tipulldae.
It was found in a fungus.

Dufour, 1. c. (see Mycetophila) Tab. I, figs. 9-15 (1. p. and details). B<jL
fusca is described here under the name of Macrocera hyhfula
Meig. (its old name in Meigen's earlier work).

LEJA.

Van Roser, Verg. Wiirt. Dipt. Leja fasciola Meig. (Nothing but what
is given above, p. 162, under the head of Leja.)

SCIOPHILA.

Degeer, 1. c. Vol. VI., p. 367 (p. 143 Germ, edit.); Tab. 21, figs. 6-13.
Although the figures are not very good, it is evidently either
Sciophila, as Perris contends it, or a Leja.

Dufour, Hist, des Metamorph. de Sciophila striata^ Mem. de la Soc. de
Lille, 1841, p. 201-206 (figures of 1. p. and i). Agrees with
my own observations, except some differences already noticed.
Id. 1. c. Ann. Sc. Nat., 2e s^rie. Vol. XII. (1839); he obtained Sr.
mclanocephala n. sp., together with a Afyccfophila, from Fisf.u-
lina hepatira ; no other details given, as he did not know the
larva.

Van lloSER, Verz. Wlirtemb. Dipt. (1834; Sciophi/a man/inata; nothing
besides the error, corrected above (see p. 161).

1H02.] 160

Bremi, 1. c. Isis, 1846. He gives a short description of sheath-bear-
ing larva), which leaves no doubt of their identity with the
1. of 3Ii/rrtoplLlla scatophora Ferris; he erroneously takes them
for the larvae of a Sciaphila which he calls jS'. cellaria n. sp.

Ferris, 1. c. Ann. Soc. Entom. 2e s^rie, Vol. VII., 1849, p. 381, Tab. IX,
No. 6 (1. and details). Sc. unimaculata Macq., and a few
words on Sc. striata Meig. Some differences from my own ob-
servations have been noticed above (see p. 161).

CEROPLATUS.

REAUMUR, Memoires, Vol. V., p. 23, Tab. IV., fig. 11-18 (1. p. i. and de-
tails). Detailed and correct account of the transformations and
habits. Dufour calls the species Ceroplatus Reavmuri! n. sp.

DuFOUR, Revision et monographie de genre Cerojjiafus ; Ann. des Sc.
Natur. 2e serie, Vol. XI., 1839, p. 193. Tab. V., fig. 8-25.
Five species of the genus are described, and a detailed account
on the transformations of one of them, C. tijjulo'Ules Bosc, given,
with anatomical details (1. c. fig. 21-25, 1. p. and details).

Bosc, quoted in Diet. d'Hist. Natur. Vol. III., 1823, p. 403, in an
article of Audouin on Ceroplatus ; a translation of the passage
on C'er. carhonarius from Carolina has been given by me above.
(See Ceroplatus, p. 163.) A figure of this larva is to be found
in a previous (second) edition of the Diet, d' Hist. Natur., Tab.
B, 21, fig. 4, but I have not seen it. Bosc's article on Cer.
tipulo'ides, in the Actes de la Soc. d' Hist. Nat. de Paris. T. I.,
p. 42, 1792, merely refers to the perfect insect.

Wahlberg, Acta Holm. 1838 and 1848. The latter article is transla-
ted in the Stett. Entom. Zeit., 1849, p. 120-123, under the
title : Merktvilrdiger Instinct nnd Licldentwickehmr/ hd ciner
Schiredischen Miicken Art. The species is Ccropl. sesioides
Wahlb., found on Po7^])0)-us fonientarius. The transformation
and habits are described, and an account of the phosphorescence
of larv£e and pupa3 given.

SCIARA.

BOUCHE, Naturg. p. 38, Tab. III., fig. 10-13 (1. p.). *SV. vitripennis
Meig. In decayed oak twigs. Descr. of 1. p.
" ibid, p. 39, Tab. III., fig. 14 (last segment of the pupa). Sc.
nitidicollis IMeig., under the bark of decaying stumps, under
ground. Descr. of 1. p.

170 [March

BouCHfi, ibid. p. 40, Tab. Ill, fig. 15 (last segni. of the pupa). Sc.pruinom
Boucbe. In decaying vegetable matter. Descr. of 1. p. i.
" ibid., p. 40. >SV. elongata Boucbe. Under tbe bark of decay-
ing pines. Descr. of 1. p. i

DuFOUR, 1. c, Ann. Sc. natur., 2e serie, Xlle. Vol. Tab. I., fig. 28-29
(1. p.). Sc. ingenua Dufour; in fungi. Descr. of 1. p. i.

Heeger, Beitrage, etc., Sitzb. d. Wien. Acad. XI., p. 27. Tab II., (1. p.
and details.) S. fuscipes M. Under ground, among decaying
vegetable matter. Detailed description of the 1. p. and i., with
an account of the habits. (Extract given above p. 164.)

Curtis, Journ. Roy. Agric. Soc, X., p. 101. Tab. V. S. qidnqnelineafa
Macq., bred from rotten potatoes which were covered with slimy
threads spun by the larva. No other details given. The plate
gives an indistinct figure of 1. and p.
" Grardener's Chronicle for 1845, p. 784 (with figure of 1. and p).

Sciara fucata M., ( ? or ;S'. pruinosa Bouche). Short de-
scription ; figures not remarkable.
" Farm-Insects : being the nat. history and economy of the insects

injurious to field-crops in Grr. Britain and Ireland, 1860. I vol.
with plates. Reproduces on page 460, the remarks of the two for-
mer articles on Sc. fucata M. (1. p. i. figured), Sc qulnquelineata
Macq. and Sc. j vh'caria M ?, all reared from rotten potatoes.
Nothing of importance for the knowledge of the transformations.

GtIMMErthAl, Beobachtungen iiber einige, in krankhaft faulenden
Kartoffeln gefundene Acarier uud Diptern-Larven. Arb. d.
Rigaer Naturf Ver. I., p. 825. Tab. III., fig. 3 (1. p.). S.
cittaia Meig., bred from rotten potatoes. Descript. and figures
of 1. and p. Nothing new. *SV. longipes found in the same
situations.

LoKW, Dipt. Beitrage, fasc. 4th, p. 18. 1850. S. tiUcola Lw., produ-
ci)ig a gall (see above p. 164). .S'. morio ]M., in the stalks
of Arcfiuni ; no other details given.

Zur Verwandlungsgesch. einiger Dipteren aus il. Abth. d. X<-
morcren- und lib. ihre Stellung im Systeme. Stettiuer Entom.
Zeit., 1848, p. 27. Considerations on the natural affinities of
Sciara ; its pupa, compared to that of Lai^ioptcra. (The figures
of both pupge belonging to this paper are to be foimd in the same
joiivnal for 1841, Tab. I., fig. 11-14.)

Meiokn. Europ. Zweifl. I., p. 228. obtained .SV. hiiaJipcimh from flower-
pots, (n. e.)

18(52.] 171

KoLLAR (in Rossi's Dipt. Austriaca), p. (1, reared the same species tiuni

rotten potatoes, (n. e.)

(Compare, also, Kollar's work on noxious insects.)
" (quoted by Bremi, 1. c.Isis, 1846), reared Sc. Sclimulhergr! Kol-

lar, from young pears, (n.e.)
Schilling, Ubers d. Arb. d. Schl. Naturf. Gesellsch. 1881, p. 74. .S'c

alhijrons, reared from yellow 1. and p. found in the stalks of

Angelica si/Ivestria. (n. e.)
DuEWSEN, Mutilla curojKica Linn. Stett. Entom. Z., 1847, p. 210, found

larv{« of Sciat-a, (which he did not succeed in rearing) in the

nest of a humble bee, on which Mutilhi was a parasite, (n. e.)
*Olivier, Premier memoire sur qlq. insectes qui attaquent les c^reales

1818, fig. 7-9. Three Sciarse obtained from wheat.
Frisch, Beschreibung von allerley Insecten in Deutchland, IV., p. 37.

Tab. 20, (1. p.) 1722, is probably the oldest observer of the

transformations of Sci'ara. The figures are rough, but certainly

belong here.

The references about the Sriarn of the a7-m.>/ worm (Heerwurm), are to be
found in the pamphlet: Der Heerwurm, sein Erscheinen, seine Geschichte
und seine Poesie, von L. Bechstein, Nurnberg, 1851. See, also, *Boheman
Zoolog., Arsberattelse, 1845--46, p. 21-23 ; *Berthold, Nachrichten d.
Univers. zu Gbttingen, 1854 ; *Hohmau, Ueber den Heerwurm, Progr.
Realsch. Tilsit, 1857 ; *Lorez, Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Gesellsch. Zurich,
1857, II., p. 88 seq.

Other genera of MYCETOPHILID.ffi:.
DiTOMYiA FASCIATA Meig. In Boletus versicolor Meig. I., p. 280. (n. e.)
In Pohjporus Winnertz, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1846, p. 15. (n. e.)
" MACROPTERA Wz. In Polyporus igniarius Winnertz, Stett.

Entom. Zeit. 1852, p. 55. (n. e.)
Plesiastina boleti Kalt. In Boletus versicolor Annals of Nat. Hist.,
2d series, II., p. 74, 1848.
" apicalis Wz. Reared from a rotten trunk of Carpinus betu-
lus, Winnertz. Stett. Ent. Z. 1852, p. 56. (n. e.)
Platyura marginata Meig. In fungi. Meig., Vol. I., p. 232. (n. e.)
" laticornis Meig. On a tree-fungus. Verh. Schles. Gesellsch.
1837, p. 106.
AsiNDULUM FLAVUM Wz. Reared from rotten wood, Winnertz, Stett.
Entom. Zeit., 1846, p. 18. fn. e.)

Tetragoneura hirta Wz. Rotten wood, funiji. Winnertz, Stett.
Entom. Z. 1846. (n. e.)

172 [March

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Fig. 1. Head of Mycetophila signata (larva), from below; a, antennse, d, labrum;
m, ocelli ; k mandibles; x, cardinal pieces of maxillae; h, inner, coriace-
ous piece of the maxilla; i, round excision in the external, horny piece
of the same, through which protrudes the rudimentary palpus.
Fig. 2. The same head, from above ; a and d the same as in the preceding fig-
ure ; c, horny frame of the labrum; b, epistoma ; t, emargination of the
occiput; g, notches on both sides of the occiput; /. occipital lines.
Fig. 'A. Head of Sciara (larva) from below; h maxillae; d, k, .r, as in figure 1;
t', horny stripes, connecting both edges of the shell of the head.

The same head from above ; a, d, c, t, g, f as in figures I and 2.

The same head from below, the maxillce being removed, to show the po-
sition of the mandibles k; t' as in figure 3.

Head of Sciophila limbatella Zett. (larva) ; a, d, f as in the previous
figures.

The same head from below; i palpi, developed in this genus ; y labium ;
t' suture of the horny shell of the head; d, k, x as in figure 1.

Head of a larva analogous to the preceding, perhaps that of Leja, from
below. X and t' as in figure 7.

Head of Bolitophila cinerea (larva) from above ; a, d, f as in figures 1 and
2 ; b small pellucid spots, peculiar to these larvse (not the ocelli, which
are more on the side of the head).

Three lines, showing the different emarginations of the occipital margin
of the head.

Mouth of Mycetophila (larva), from the side, to show the relative position
of the parts ; d, k, h, a, m as in figure 1 ; r and 5 are the two points of
attachment of the mandibles.

Sketch, indicating the openings in the horny shell of the head, as well as
the intervals between the trophi, which are visible when the head is
viewed in the direction of the axis of the body, d, a, m, as in figure 1 ;
k*, interval between the root of the mandible and the shell of the head ;
n*, intervals between the maxillae.
Fig. 13. Labrum of the larva oi Mycetophila signata; c, its horny frame, ciliated
on the inside at the tip ; d fleshy portion.

Labium of one of the larvae.

Mandible of Mycetophila signata : r and s, points of attachment ; q, den-
ticulations on the edge of the stouter part of the lamel.

Mandible of Sciara (larva).
" " of Sciophila (larva).

Maxillae of Sciara (larva); z, cultriform, coriaceous, serrated inner lobe;
d ' horny external piece, with the excision i, through which protrudes
the rudimentary palpus ; the small horny ring upon it may be indica-
tive of a second joint; x, cardinal piece; o, horny pieces, connecting
the upper and lower parts of the maxillae, and serving as point of at-
tachment to the muscular fibres.
Fk;. 19. Maxillae of Bolitophila (larva) ; o, d' and z as in the preceding figures.
Fig. 20. Ceroplatus (larva), copy from Dufour, reduced.

Fig. 21. Bolitophila (larva), magnified and luitural size (indicated by a line).
Fk;. 22. Pupa of Sciara to.ioncura (). wS.

Fig.

4.

Fig.

5.

Fig.

fi,

Fig.

7,

Fig.

8.

Fig.

9.

Fio.

10,

Fig.

11.

t

Fig.

12,

Fig.

14.

Fig.

15.

Fig.

16

Fig.

17

Fig.

18,

1862.] n:',

Synopsis of Families of HETEROCERA.
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. I).

That the following Synopsis of Families may be used to advantage, it is
necessary that the fore and hind wings should be carefully denuded of
their scales on both sides.

My own method of doing this, is as follows : the wings are carefully
detached from the thorax and placed on a slip of glass with the surface a

E K R A T A .

Pai>e 152, line 7 from the bottom, read h'mhatilhi instead of Hiilmtrlln .

Page 15o, line 2 from the bottom, read tig. 9 instead of f l(i.

Page 154, line 4 from the top, read in others instead of /// nthir.

Page 158, line '1"^ from the top, read loere instead of ica».

Page 158, line 6 from the bottom, read stigniata instead of sfi(/iii(i.

Page 160, line. 24 from the top, after the word motion add <>/.

Page 161, line 7 and 8, read imderside instead of skh'.

Page 161, line 18 from the bottom, strike out lying.

}*age 165, line 18, read jwbesceurr instead of puhesenvc.

contain one or more specimens. In order that they may be easily distin-
guished, the slides should be covered with paper, leaving openings through
which the wings can be seen, and the names of the family, genus and
species written upon it.

The following is the method used by Mr. Guenee, which the student
may prefer : " I commence by depriving the wing, on both sides, of
nearly all its scales, by means of the solution of gum that is used to take
impressions of them, [between two pieces of paper or tissue-paper, which
are moistened with the solution of gum, I suppose, and submitted to light
pressure,] and as some scales are not taken off by this treatment, especi-

172 [March

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Fig. 1. Head of Mycetophila signata (larva), from below; a, antennae, d, labrum;
m, ocelli ; k mandibles; .r, cardinal pieces of maxillse; h, inner, coriace-
ous piece of tbe maxilla; i, round excision in the external, horny piece
of the same, through which protrudes the rudimentary palpus.

Fig. 2. The same head, from above ; a and d the same as in the preceding fig-
ure ; c, horny frame of the labrum; h, epistoma; t, emargination of the
occiput; g, notches on both sides of the occiput ; /. occipital lines.

Fig. 3. Head of Sciara (larva) from below ; h maxillse ; d, k, x, as in figure 1 :

nuuiaunjii.-5 uu uuc cuge oi uae aiouier pare oi lue lamel.

Fig. 16. Mandible of Sciara (larva).

Fig. 17. " " of Sciophila (larva).

Fig. 18. Maxillae of Sciara (larva),- z, cultriform, coriaceous, serrated inner lobe;
d' horny external piece, with the excision i, through which protrudes
the rudimentary palpus ; the small horny ring upon it may be indica-
tive of a second joint; x, cardinal piece; o, horny pieces, connecting
the upper and lower parts of the maxillae, and serving as point of at-
tachment to the muscular fibres.

Fn:. 19. Maxillae oi Bolitophila (larva) y o, d' and z as in the preceding figures.

Fig. 20. Ceroplatus (larva), copy from Dufour, reduced.

Fig. 21. Bolitophila (larva), magnified and natural size (indicated by a line).

Fi<;. 22. Pupa o{ Sciara to.roncura O. S.

1862.] 17:5

Synopsis of Families of HETEROCERA.
BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. I).

That the following Synopsis of Families may be used to advantage, it is
necessary that the fore and hind wings should be carefully denuded of
their scales on both sides.

My own method of doing this, is as follows : tlie wings are carefully
detached from the thorax and placed on a slip of glass with the surface a
little moistened with common water. Then with a sahle hair 2)encU^
pointed and moistened by the lips, the upper surface is denuded, working
with light and careful touches, in the direction in which the scales lie.
When the upper surface has been denuded and the wings have dried,
they can be easily detached from the glass by placing the point of the
pencil under the base, or the part attached to the thorax. After the
wings have been detached from the glass the denuded side is secured to it
by a little moisture from the mouth, as it is slightly adhesive when dried,
and the under side is then carefully denuded.

The entire surface of the wing need not be denuded ; it is quite suffi-
cient if those parts in which the modifications of structure chiefly take
place are made transparent. This, however, applies principally to the
fore wings ; it is necessary to obtain a clear view of every portion of the
hind wings, except the distribution of the nervules to the hinder margin.

When the wings are very small, they must be denuded under a lens.
When large, the under side can be denuded without removal from the
body.

The wings thus treated should be permitted to remain on the glass slide
after the under side has been deprived of their scales, and protected from
injury by a thin piece of mica or thin glass cemented to the surface by
common paste or some of the cements used for making microscopic prepa-
rations. The slides may be an inch wide and two inches long, and may
contain one or more specimens. In order that they may be easily distin-
guished, the slides should be covered with paper, leaving openings through
which the wings can be seen, and the names of the family, genus and
species written upon it.

The following is the method used by Mr. Guenee, which the student
may prefer : " I commence by depriving the wing, on both sides, of
nearly all its scales, by means of the solution of gum that is used to take
impressions of them, [between two pieces of paper or tissue-paper, which
are moistened with the solution of gum, I suppose, and submitted to light
pressure,] and as some scales are not taken ofl" by this ti'catment, especi-

174 [March

ally those which cover the subcostal vein of the fore wings, I submit it
several times to a separate impression, and I finish by brushing away, with
the point of a pencil, all the scales that remain on it. Afterwards I place
the wings, still wet, between two perfectly equal slips of glass, and secure
them with a little wooden vice, [the clothes-pin which opens and closes
by means of a spiral spring answers a very good purpose for this use] and
bind around the slips a little band of black paper, which I turn over
slightly on each end. When all is dry I remove the compressor, and ob-
tain thus a very transparent frame, on the side of which I write the name
of the species, and which presents, for study, the greatest convenience."

In order to save space, the contraction " F. w." will be used for Fore
wings; and unless the fore wings are specified, the catagories must always
be understood to refer to the hind win2;s.

The " secondary cell" is formed within the disk of the fore wings by a
branch from the subcostal vein ; it will sometimes be contracted into
" 2nd celir

The " areole" is a cell formed by the branches of the subcostal vein of
the fore wings.

The " disco central" nervule, is one that rises from the middle of the
disk; when on the side of the median vein, it will be called "medio-
discal." To save space, the former will sometimes be simply *' the disco-
central."

The " intercostal cell" is formed in the hind wings by a junction be-
tween the costal and subcostal veins or a minute communicating vein,
when the two are parallel in their course, called the intercostal.

For all particulars respecting the names of the veins, etc., the student
is referred to a paper on the North American Sphinges, contained in the
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., July, 1859, where the subject is illustrated by
figures.

I reg;ret that I have neither the material nor the time to enable me to
give a synopsis of the genera of each of the families. The plan here
adopted is perfectly applicable to this purpose ; but it is scarcely the work
of one who has a limited collection, and by no means an extended acquaint-
ance with genera. For much of the information contained in the various
catagories, I have been dependent on various authors, so that I fear that
HOW and then a family group may be misplaced under a general heading
not applicable to it, or some detail of structure may not be correct. This
I am sure the student will overlook, when he considers that this is the
first attempt that has been made to arrange analyically the numerous fami-
lies of the great group Heterocera.

18G2.] 175

It may be advisable, perhaps, to indicate the mode of using the follow-
ing table, in order to ascertain the family to which an insect may belong,
that one wishes to classify, or to ascertain whether it has been described.

It will be noticed that for each affirmative catagory there is a corres-
ponding negative catagory, and, as far as my knowledge extends, each of
them are absolute. Thus, the first includes all Heterocerous lepidoptera
whose " Wings are not penniform or fissured ;" and an insect correspond-
ing to this will be found in its family group some place under this heading.
If, on the contrary, the wings of the insect are fissured, it will be found
under the second principal catagory, printed in the same kind of type as
the first, viz. : those whose " Wings are penniform or fissured.''

If the specimen belongs to the first catagory, the student will notice
whether the hind wings are supplied with a "bristle," or not; if it is
absent, the specimen belongs to a family included under the second cata-
gory. He will then observe whether the wing structure in both the fore
and hind wings is alike; if it is, and the specific diagnosis below this
catagory corresponds to his specimen, it belongs to the family Epialidge.

If the wing structure is not alike in the fore and hind wings of the
specimen, then its family must be sought under the catagory marked * *.
If this has not a " co^al vein" in the hind wings, it is included in the
division marked §; but if it has a " costal vein," then under the next
affirmative catagory referring to the same structure. This latter catagory
is again subdivided into two others, insects " ^^^ith an intercostal celV and
" Without an intercostal cell,^'' and the latter is again subdivided into
groups according to the peculiarities of the " internal vein.''''

The specimen, however, probably is supplied with a " bristle" at the
base of the costa of the hind wings, and in this case the student will pass
without further examination of the catagories included in the second one,
to the corresponding affirmative catagory, printed in the same kind of
type as the second, viz. : insects " with a bristle at the base of the hind
wings."

If the wings are " without long cilia," the specimen will be found under
the next head ; but if, on the contrary, the wings have " long cilia," all
the matter included under the negative catagory may be passed over until
the corresponding affirmative one is reached, under which will be found
the family to which the specimen belongs.

To assist the student in discovering the various affirmative and negative
catagories, those which have reference to the same structural peculiarities
are printed in some distinctive type, and the different catagories separated
by spaces. He should confine himself to these, until some one is found

176 [March

that corresponds to his specimen, and then continue the investigation by
examining the various subdivisions under it, until one is found that is
again descriptive of his specimen, and at last the special description indi-
cating the family. Whenever the catagory disagrees with his specimen,
he should, therefore, pass on to the next one in the same kind of type
until one is found that does agree with it.

Each catagory includes everything hetiveen it and the next of the
same value, so that it is useless to look under a disagreeing head for
anything that characterizes the specimen whose structure does not corres-
pond to it.

The student must be careful, in detaching the wings from the thorax,
of a moth, that the little " bristle," which attaches the hind wings to the
anterior pair, is not broken.

HETEROCEBA.

Antennse setaceous or fusiform vnth the apex attenuated (except Cast-
nia, which, however, has a collar to the prothorax and the posterior wings
a bristle) : wings usually flat in repose; hind wings generally furnished
with a bristle ; prothorax covered by a collar or patagium. Very often
with ocelli or false eyes on the head behind the antennae. Flight diurnal,
crepuscular, most frequently nocturnal.

WINGS NOT PENNIFORM OR FISSURED.
HIND WINGS WITHOUT A BRISTLE AT THE BASE OF THE COSTA.

* Neuratiou alike in the fore and hind wings.
Costal vein long; a basal spur at base; subcostal 4-branched, apical furcate.
Wings long, narrow ; discal 3-branched. Median 2-branched. Antennae very short.

Epialidae.

** Neuration not alike in lore and hind wings.
§ Without a costal vein.
Subcostal vein bifid ; with disco-central nervule ; median 4-branched.

Bombycidae (Oylothrix).

§§ With a costal vein.
■|- With a more or less distinct intercostal cell.
Costal vein short; subcostal 3 or 4-branched.
Cell nearly circular, more or less distinct; discal branchless ; median 4-branched.

Bombycidae.

Costal rather long; subcostal bifid, attenuated.
Cell long, narrow: discal fold decided: median 4-branched. F. w. fold thickened.

Cossidae.

IHiVi.] 177

If Without an intercostal cell.
I With a loiuj internal vein, extended to ami/ angle.
Costal long, free, simple. Subcostal 3-branched.
Disk usually open; if closed without disco-central.
F. w. with the subcosto-inferior nervule furcate. Saturnidae.

F. w. with the subcosto-inferior nervule simple. Ceratocampidae.

Jl With a short internal vein, near inner margin.
Costal and subcostal veins parallel towards the base.
Subcostal divides interior to the discal vein.
Discal angulated, simple, arising from subcosto-post apical.
Antennae pectinated or filiform. Palpi very short. Tongue almost obsolete.
Wings often falcate. * Drepanulidae.

XXX ^Vithout an internal vein. Subcostal hifid.
Median trifid. Discal nervule arises from subcostal.
F. w. costal vein bifid. H. w. tailed. Imagos papilionaceous. Uranidae-

HIND WINGS WITH A BRISTLE AT THE BASE.

\A/INQS WI-THOUT- l_ONQ CILIA, NOT POINTED.

HIND WINGS WITHOUT A COSTAL VEIN.
Submedian and internal veins distinct, long.
* Median vein 4-branched,

Hind wings, costa dilated at the base.
Subcostal curved, 3-branched, with an imperfect basal cell.
F. w. subcostal exterior to the disk 4-branched ; fold thickened ; submedian doubly
furcate. Bombycidae (Gen. Fimela).

Hind wings, costa not dilated at base.
Subcostal bifid. Lower branch not decidedly angulated.
Without disco-central. Antennae incrassated at the tip, shortly pectinate.

Zygaenidae.
Antennae setaceous, pectinate; body often metallic.
Subcostal bifid. Lower branch decidedly angulated.
With disco-central, antennse pectinate; wings slightly diaphanous. Ctenuchidae.
** Median vein 3-branched.
f Subcostal trifid. With a disco-central nervule.
Antennae setiform ; wings semidiaphanous. (Nudarial C.) Lithosidae.

X Without disco-central nervule.
Wings with marginal gemmated spots. (A remarkable exception.) Pyralidae.
F. w. with a broad stripe; f. w. neuration sphingiform (Ormetica, C.)

Glaucopididae.
f "f Subcostal bifid. Without disco-central.
Antennae miniitely pectinated ; f. w. subcostal branches separated.

Lycomorphidae.

* Characters drawn from Platypteryx (Drepana) lacertinaria of Europe.

178 [March

|J With a disco-central nervule.

Antennae deeply pectinate ; wings limpid ; 9 apterous. F. w. submedian with

branches. Psychidae.

Antennse shortly pectinate ; body metallic. F. w. neuration sphingiform.

Glaucopididae.
*** Median bifid, lower branch furcate at tip.
f Subcostal bifid. With disco-central nervule.
Antennse pectinate; wings often limpid or with limpid spots. Glaucopididae.
Submedian distinct, internal obsolete.
•j" Median vein 2-branched. The females of genus Dineurodes.
ff Median vein 3 or 4-branched.
Subcostal trifid, furcate at base;* discal vein with or without nervule.
F. w. with one or more areoles. Wings thin. Body slender. Geometridae.

Submedian and internal veins obsolete.

Subcostal and median 3-branched ; with disco-central. Sexual peculiarity among

9 of Eubolides. Geometridae.

HIND WINGS WITH A COSTAL VEIN.
§ 1. With an intercostal cell.
■|" With an internal vein.
Median 3 or 4-branched. Subcostal bifid.
Lower branch of subcostal angulated ; costal furcate at base.
Antennae fusiform. F. w. with nervules radiating from the disk. Zygaenidae.

Lower branch not angulated ; costal simple at base.
Antennse fusiform, setigerous, sometimes ciliated. F. w. with subcostal nervules
aggregated. _ Sphingidae.

■j""}" Without an internal vein.
Median vein 3-branched.
Subcostal simple; discal vein with angle pointing outward, with a nervule.
Subcostal bifid, discal vein curved, with disco-central.

Wings thin, delicate ; h. w. angulated at apical nervule. F. w. with two areoles.

Geometridae.

§ 2. Without an intercostal cell.
^ Hind wings '%vitIiout an internal vein.

Hind wings with a tail-like appendage.

Median 3-branched. Subcostal bifid.
Disk closed, with disco-central. F. w. with costal vein simple; subcosto-inferior
simple. Sematuridae.

Hind wings without tail-like appendage.
Median 3-branched. Suboostal bifid. Costal and sub-
costal pendiculate.
Body slender. Wings thin. F. w. often with an areole. Geometridae.

* Properly considered, the costal and subcostal are partly soldered together, but
the formation might be mistaken for a trifid vein, by a novice.

]H{]2.] 179

^^ Internal vein, never very aliort or nearly coincident ^vlth
inner margin.

Antennae thickened or incrassated towards the tip.
Wings with transparent spots. Abdomen tufted at the tip. Thyridae.

Subcostal bifid. Median trifid. With disco-central.
F. w. subniedian with an internal branch; subc. inferior furcate. Antennae clavate.

Castniadae.
F. w. submedian simple; subc. inferior simple. Antennse thickened towards tips.

Agaristidae.
Subcostal simple. Median trifid, upper branches pedicellate.
With disco-central.
Wings often hyaline. F. w. with radiating nervules ; costa folded. Antennse fu-
siform. ^Igeriadae.

Ante7inse never thickened or incrassated toward the tip.
?1. F. W. WITH NERVULES RADIATING FROM THE DISK.
Hind wings, costal vein simple.
Subcostal simple, attenuated towards basej discal nervules, two.
F. w. spotted ; medio-posterior remote ; secondary cell very distinct.

Gen. Poeciloptera Clem.
F. w. not spotted; medio-posterior not remote; secondary cell indistinct.

Gen. Anaphora Cle7n. Tineidae.
Subcostal simple, slightly joined to costal and curved into the discal.
Median 3-branched ; discal vein, simple.
F. w. with seven nervules to the costa and hind margin*. (E. Zeae.) Fyralidae.
Subcostal bifid, not attenuated ; branches usually connivent.
Median 4-branched ; without disco-central.
F. w. costa at base often arched ; median nervules curved. Subcostal remote.

Tortricidae.

^2 F. W., WITH NERVULES NOT RADIATING FROM THE DISK.

1° F. W., WITH THE FOLD THICKENED BY A SLENDER VEIN.

Costal vein simple, crossing subcostal or pedicellate.
Subcostal bifid. Discal irregular, with medio-discal branch.
Median 3-branched. Tongue extremely short or absent. Body short, thick.

Limacodidae.

2° F. W,, WITH THE FOLD NOT THICKENED.

* MEDIAN 3 OR 4-BRAISrCHED. COSTAL SIMPLE,
t Subcostal bifid, attenuated towards the base from the discal.
With maxillary palpi. Antennse, basal joint often with appendages.

Pyralidae.
ft Subcostal bifid, not attenuated; parallel to or in contact with costal.
Head ivithoiU ocelli. Tongue nearly obsolete or short.

* This wing-structure is a remarkable exception in the family.

180 [March

I Subcostal divides exterior to the discal vein.
Costal arched at base, touching subcostal slightly.
Disco-central wanting. Antennae generally pectinate. Abdomen tufted at end.

Liparidae.
Costal parallel to or in contact with subcostal toward the base.
With disco-central. Antennse shortly pectinate or ciliate. Body thick. Legs
hairy. Notodontidae.

Costal and subcostal with a common stalk.
Median 3-branched. Discal simple or with medio-discal. F. w. subcostal remote.

Lithosidae.
Median 3-branched. Disco-central feeble, lost in the fold. Head small, sunken.

(Glottulides) Noctuidae.
IJ Subcostal divides interior to the discal vein.
Costal and subcostal vein parallel.
With medio-discal. Antennse simple, pubescent. Body rather thick. Legs hairy.

Noctuidae pars. (Noctuo-Bombycides.)

Head icith ocelli. Tomjue short or almost obsolete.
X Subcostal divides exterior to the disk.
Costal and subcostal parallel or touching at the base.
With disco-central. Antennse simple or ciliated. Legs and abdomen with tufts.

Notodontidae pars.
Costal and subcostal veins with a common stalk.

Antennae bipectinate, ciliate, seiTate or simple.
Labial palpi small, pilose, scarcely exceeding the clypeus.
Medio posterior nervule remote from medio-inferior.
Median 4-branched. Discal vein angulated, simple. Abdomen, most often, spotted.

Arctiidae.
Median 3 branched: discal angulated simple. F. w. apical vein trifid at tip.

Gen. Crocota.

Head with ocelli. Tongue moderately lung.
X Subcostal divides exterior to the disk.
Costal and subcostal pedicellate or decussating at base.
Labial palpi ascending, stout; last joint closely scaled, .slenderer
than the middle.
Median 3-branched, with medio-discal or disco-central.
F. w. always with an areole, sometimes two. Wings deflexed. Noctuidae.

«-- MEDIAN 4-BRANCHED. COSTAL VEIN BIFID.
Subcostal simple, attenuated or obsolete, from a minute intercostal.
Discal, with a long curve. Head with maxillary palpi. Pyralidae.

^1[1f Hind wings iv^itli an internal vein, very sl»ort, or almost obsolete.

Internal vein nearly coincident with the inner margin,
(jostal and subcostal pedicellate, parallel, or in contact towards
the base.

1862.]

181

Subcostal bifid ; median trifid ; with or without disco-central.
Wings thin, often elevated in repose. F. w. often with an areola. Geometridae.

VVINQ«W|-rH l-ONO OILIA, POINTED. IIV1AGO SMALL.

NEURATION SIMILAR IN FORE AND HIND WINGS.

Costal veins bifid or simple.
Subcostal with 2nd'y cell. F. w. with an intercostal branch between a branch of
the costal and the first of subcostal; second branch furcate, with four branches
from the end of the disk. An intermediate branch between the bifid medio-
posterior and the median vein. Micropterigidae.

Subcostal without 2nd'y cell. In both wings, three subcosto-marginal nervules,
the apical bifid; medio-posterior from near the base, connected with the median
or a branch of it by a transverse branch. Micropterigidae.

NEURATION DISSIMILAR IN FORE AND HIND WINGS.

Hind wings rather broad; very often ovate-lanceolate^ never linear-
lanceolate.

Median 2-branched; discal nervules 2 or 3. Subcostal bifid or
simple. Group Tineides.

Median 3-branched ; discal nervules 2, 1 or
none. Subcostal bifid or simple.
Costa often excised ; very often the upper median nervules pedi-
cellate. Group Gelechides.

Bind wings extremely narroio^ linear lanceolate or almost setiform.
Median vein 2 or 3-branched. Subcostal simple or bifid.

Tineidae.

Disk most often unclosed; with a simple or furcate nervule, free,
or arising from the subcostal. Group Gracilarides.

Median vein simple. Subcostal central, 2, 3
or 4-branched.
Disk always unclosed. Costal vein obsolete.

Group LithocoUetides.

I Gracilaridae.

WINGS PENNIFORM OR FISSURED.

Fore wings fissured, hind wings entire.
Sometimes amongst the Deltoididae.

Both wings fissured.
Fore wings bifid. Hind wings trifid. Pterophoridae.

Fore and hind wings divided into six. Alucitidae.

182 [March

Notes upon GRAPTA COMMA, Harris, and GRAPTA FAUNUS, Edwards
(C-ALBiTM, of some Authors).

BY W. H. EDWARDS.

Dr. Harris describes Comma as distinct from the European C. album,
and seems not to have known Faun us ; which, instead of Comma, was the
species that had been supposed identical with C. album. Dr. Fitch (New
York Reports, &c., No. 3, page 241) appears, on the other hand, not to
have known Comma, for he considers it to be the same as our " C. album"
(Faunus), which itself, he thinks, can be nothing else than C. album of
Europe, according to Westwood's description of that species.

Grapta Comma is a well-defined species. In the form of its wings, as
well as in color, it resembles Interrogationis, rather than Faunus. The
wings are much less indented, and their color is lighter, more inclining to
orange. The spots are of the same number and similarly disposed (as is
also the case in Progne), but in Faunus they are larger and darker, and
the marginal band is broader and blacker. Of the under side of Comma
Dr. Harris says : " It is marked with light and dark brown, the hind
wings with a silvery comma in the middle." Usually the whole under
side has a lilac tinge ; across the middle of the wings is an irregular
darker band ; within and along the hind margin of both wings is a row of
small blue spots, and anterior to this another row of minute hlack spots
ujyon the hrown ground.

The female scarcely diifers in shape from the male, or in other respect,
above, but the under side is plain, with no marbling, and generally almost
black, darkest near base ; sometimes, however, it is dark brown, and one
bred specimen was yellow-brown, with the wings less indented. In all, the
marginal spots are almost obsolete.

I found the larvae of Comma upon the broad-leafed nettle, in the forests
of the Catskill Mountains, in July, 1861, and raised to maturity twelve
individuals, about half which were females. My attention was first at-
tracted by observing certain leaves drooping, and more or less eaten. On
the under side of these I usually found the caterpillar, inactive, and never
more than one upon the same plant. The half-grown larvae were black,
with a yellowish stripe along the side from the third segment to the tail,
and with yellow stripes across the back and spots of same color at the base
of the dorsal spines, which were yellow, tipped with black. The mature
larvae were white, mottled or striped with grey or ashen, and with red
spiracles. The chrysalis was pale brown, with gold spots on the protu-
berances, and the butterfly appeared at the end of fourteen days. Besides

18()2.] 188

those obtained in this manner, 1 captured, in course of the season, about a
dozen others along one of the narrow forest roads which they frequented,
in company with Progne, Faunus and some of the larger Vanessas. In
this locality Faunus w^as abundant. I took sixty in one morning, and not
less than one hundred and fifty during the season. Probably the larvae of
this species would have been found, in early summer, on the wild goose-
berry bushes that grew every where along the road. Faunus remained
till late in October, fully six weeks after Comma had disappeared. Comma
seems to be more rare than either of the allied species. I have met with
it in Kanawha county, West Virginia, but nowhere else, except in the
Catskills. A single specimen was received from Fort Simpson, where
Progne and Faunus seem to be abundant.

Grapta Faunus differs from C. album much as it differs from Progne
and from Comma, and as Comma differs from the small variety of Interro-
gationis. The general plan in the markings of these species is the same,
and the principal differences are in minor details. The upper side of all
have the same number of spots, and they are disposed in same manner.
Beneath they all have the basal half of the wing darkest, a similar dark
angular common band just before the middle, a lighter space beyond this,
and two rows of spots along the hind margin the outer of which are con-
fluent. The entire surface of each is more or less marked with fine, trans-
verse, abbreviated streaks. But Progne has the surface so obscured by these
streaks, that often nearly the whole is black, and the common band hardly
distinguishable. The entire row of spots is blue-black or green, the inner
black, and the silver mark is an L. Comma is marbled in shades of
brown, with a general lilac tinge ; the outer row of spots is blue, and the
inner black, while the silver mark is a very open C. Faunus is dark
brown next the base, pale beyond, marbled with grey-white, and the whole
more or less clouded with vinous. The marginal rows of spots are both
blue-black or sometimes green, and the silver mark in the male is usually
a small angular Gr, but in the female sometimes an L, as in Progne, and
sometimes a comma, as in the species so named.

Comparing Faunus with C. album, the former is deeper colored by
many degrees ; it is one-fifth larger, the black spots and margins much
heavier, and, owing to this and the depth of the ground-color, the general
hue of the surface is much darker than either C. album or any of the
American species. The under side of C. album is described by Westwood
as '' greyish ashen," and by Mr. Stainton as " dusky brown." Several
European specimens, now before me, answer one or other of these

184 [March

descriptions. But Faunus has the surface beautifully marbled in several
colors.

That this question of resemblance might be carefully determined, I en-
closed specimens of Faunus to Mr. H. T. Stainton, whose work on British
Butterflies I have quoted, and who would be well acquainted with C.
album, which is a common British species, requesting his opinion as to its
identity with the other. I have received the following reply : —

" Lewisham, near London, Kith FtVy, 1862.
Dear Sir : — I have carefully examined the Butterflies enclosed in your
letter of 16th Dec, and have compared them with American specimens in
the collection of the British Museum. No. 2 (Faunus) is a distinct, un-
named species, which, in the ' List of Lepidoptera in the British Museum,

Part I., 184-4,' follows V. Progne as ' Vanessa ? from Martin's

Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay.' "

As the "List'' referred to was prepared by Mr. Doubleday, we may
conclude that he also regarded Gr. Faunus as distinct from C. album of
Europe.

Gr. Interrogationis presents an interesting anomaly. We constantly
find at least three well-marked varieties, one much larger than the others,
plain colored below in both sexes, with no markings except a dark irregu-
lar band across the middle of the wings. A second variety is much mottled
on the under side, and approaches Comma, and the third is closely allied
to Comma, having, in addition to the marks of the second variety, the
double marginal series of spots so characteristic of the smaller Gl-raptas,
the outer one being blue-green, the inner, black or brown. These varie-
ties would seem to be intermediate species, but hitherto, from the diffi-
culty of identifying the larvae as coming from the same laying of eggs,
and their perplexing variation of color and markings, and from their feed-
ing on the same plants at the same seasons, they have been a puzzle to
collectors. Boisduval and Leconte say : " If we had not obtained all
these varieties from the same caterpillar, we could easily make three
species."

1862.]

185

STATED MEETING, April 14.
President Newman in the Chair.
Fourteen members present.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Dr. Horn's paper, read March 10th, reported in
favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

277 specimens of Coleoptera, 3 Orthoptera, and 2 Neuroptera
fall English), from James Ridings.

159 specimens of Coleoptera (for exchange), from T. B. Ashton.

41 specimens of Coleoptera (for exchange), from Robert Nuttell.

25 specimens of Hemiptera (^Kotonecta linu'gerum, Corisa alternata,
Cicada epigrainmatum^ Sehirus h'(/afus, Zicrona clauda, Coreus affilia-
tns, Cimex platychUvs, Eurygaster alternatus, Homscmus seneifrons, Coenus
viridicafus, all from Nebraska), from John Pearsall.

3 species of Neuroptera ( Temies Jlavipes Kollar, from Philadel-
phia and Texas. Termes cinereus n. sp., and Termes tuhiformans n. sp.
from Texas), and large numbers of the Honey- Ant (^Myi-7necocystus mexi-
camis), collected at Fredericksburg, Texas, from S. B. Buckley.

2 specimens of Diptera {Leptis ornata')^ 1 Orthoptera (Xya fermi-
noUii)^ and 1 Neuroptera {Macronema zehratum')^ from William Evett.

1 specimen of Diptera {^Trypeta longipenms), from George Hill.

1 specimen of Hemiptera (Mononyx hadmx, from Nicaragua), from
Dr. G. H. Horn.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

A Treatise on some of the Insects Injurious to Vegetation, by Thaddeus
William Harris, M. D. (New Edition.) Boston: 1862. Deposited
by Dr. Samuel Lewis.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 8, pages
257-304. From the Society.

186 [April

Prairie Farmer {Chicaijo^ III.), N'on. 11 to 15, of Vol. 9. From the
Editors.

A Portrait of Thomas Say, presented by Horace B. Mitchell.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read from Mr. W. J. Howard, of Central City, Colorado
Territory, and Mr. A. S. Reber, of Bellefonte, Pa., acknowledging their
election as Correspondents of the Society.

Also, a letter from the Lyceum of Natural History, dated New York,
March 24th, 1862, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the
Society from June, 1861, to February, 1862.

A communication was read from Mr. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following Coleoptera during March and April, 1862, viz. : — Batrisus
lineaticoUis, and Lehia vittata, under blocks of wood, and Dicselus ovalis,
under stones.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Pro-
ceedings : —

" Descriptions of several new Hymenoptera, by Edward Norton."
" On the Synonyms of Cimbex americana, by Edward Norton."

" Descriptions of two new species of Termites, from Texas, by S. B.
Buckley."

" Catalogue of the described species of several Families of Hymenop-
tera inhabiting North America, by E. T. Cresson."

And were referred to Committees.

ELECTIONS.

Mr. S. B. Buckley, of Texas, and Mr. Aug. R,. Grote, of Buffalo, New
York, were elected Correspondents of the Society.

1H(VJ.] 187

Description of some new North American Coleoptera.
BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D.

The publication of isolated species has always been deemed objection-
able by entomological writers. In palliation, the only excuse is, that the
several genera and groups to which the species belong, have been but
recently monographed by various authors. The species have been de-
rived from many localities, of which the insects have been studied and
for the most part been known in distinct publications.

TEOGOSITA.

T. marginata, picea, eubnitida, depressa, capite thoraceque grosse punctatis
hoc postice parnm angustato, lateribus vix rotundatis, margine modice reflexo,
angulis posticis acutis parvis, basi rotundata, elytris oblongis, basi vix emargina-
tis, humeris rectis, striis punctatis, interstitiis modice convexis, parce rugulosis,
biseriatim siibtiliter punctulatis, abdomine confertim subtiliter punctulatis, an-
tennis pedibusque piceis. Long. .20-25.

T. marginata Beauv. Ins. Page 125. PI. 32, fig. 3.

With some doubt I refer this species to the one indicated by Beauvois.
The figures of this author are for the most part recognisable, his descrip-
tions not in the least so. This species resembles the pleuralis Horn,
from which it difi"ers by its less depressed form, and less rounded sides of
the thorax. The head and thorax are more closely punctured. The color
is dark brown, with a pale margin to the thorax and elytra. The antennae
and legs are pale rufous. Its position in the arrangement of the species
of Trogosita, adopted by me in the February number of the Proceedings
of the Acad. Nat. Sc, is in advance of the pleuralis.

For the privilege of studying this species I am indebted to Mr. Henry
Ulke, of Washington. It appears to be not uncommon in Ohio and Lou-
isiana, whence these specimens were obtained.

MARGARINOTTIS.*

M. guttifer, ovalis. convexus, niger, obscurus, ore antennisque rufis, punctatissi-
mus rugosus, tuberculis ovalis Isevibus nitidis; pronoto duplici serie transversa,
4, 6, elytris lineis longitudinalibus irregularibus, propygidio 5, pygidio 2, tibiis an-
ticis 4 dentatis, j^osticis biseriatim spinulosis. Long. .26, lat. .18.

The difi"erences between this and the only other known species,
s caber Fabr., are so striking as scarcely to need comment. In shape it

* This genus is scarcely distinct from Hister. The sculpturing of the elytra is
the character on which Marseul appears to place most reliance, in his enumera-
tion of generic differences.

188 [April

is more elongated. The smooth elevated spots are more oval than in the
European species. The thorax has two, instead of three transverse rows,
of which the middle pair in the anterior row is to a slight extent conflu-
ent with that of the second row. The spots on the elytra are arranged in
four longitudinal rows, in the s c a h e r the rows amount to six. A sutu-
ral row of spots also exists on each elytron ; these spots are of irregular
shape and disposition. The tubercles of the propygidium are the same in
both species, in number ; the pygidium in our species has but two spots.
The anterior tibiae are coarsely four-toothed, the posterior ones are bi-
seriately spinulose, the spines in one row alternate with those of the other
row, they are not in opposite pairs. Locality, Nebraska. For this beau-
tiful little insect the Society is indebted to Mr. John Pearsall.

LANGTJRIA.

L. uhlerii, rufa, nitida, thorace latitudine longiore, convexo, parce punctulato,
lateribus late rotundatis, elytris cyaneo-nigris, punctato striatis, abdominis seg-
mentis duabus ultimiir: capite antennisqiie nigris, pedibus rufis, femoribus apice
nigris. Long. .30.

To Mr. Philip R. Uhler, of Baltimore, this little species is dedicated.

It resembles closely the m o z a r d i , diifering, however, in its more
elongate form ; the sides of the elytra are more convergent posteriorly.
The thorax is more elongate, less convex above, and less strongly rounded
sides. The head and last two abdominal segments are black. The feet
are rufous, excepting the apices of the femora, which are black. When
more specimens have accumulated, this may prove to be a variety of
trifasciata. I am indebted to Mr. Uhter, for this species. It was
found in the neighborhood of Baltimore.

TRIPLAX.

T. frontalis, elongate ovalis, nitida convexa, capite parce punctulato, fronte
nigris, thorace flavo fere duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato subtiliter punctatis
elytris nigris subtiliter striato-punctatis, interstitiis vix parce punctulatis, anteu-
nis nigris. Long. .25.

Resembles closely the macra Lee, from Maine, but readily distin-
guishable by the more deeply punctured elytral striae. The head is
black, excepting that behind the posterior margin of the eyes. From
Texas. My collection.

I would here state that the Leptura described and figured by me under
the name of n i t i d i c o 1 1 i s, is identical with that described by Newman
as vibex. The correction is made, that trouble in future may be
avoided.

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PROCEEDINGS

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MAY, JUNE AND JULY.

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.
Vol. 1. MAY, JUNE AND JULY, 1862. No. 7.

STATED MEETING, May 12.

President Newman in the Chair.
Twenty-two members present.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

The Committees on Mr. Fay's paper read March 10th, and on the
papers of Messrs. Norton, Buckley and Cresson read April 14, reported
in favor of their publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

180 specimens of Hymenoptera (^Cimbex americana, Acordulecera
dorsalis, Hylotoma humeralis, H. Machcayi^ Selandria halci/on, Al-
lantns pallipes^ A. vcrticalis, A. mellosvs, A. atroviolaceiis. A. tardus,
A. rufopectus, A. excavatus Norton (Type), DosytheuA hicolor^ D. ar-
vensis, Dolervs unicolor, D. sericeus, Evijthytus inornatus, E. melUp<:»,
Macrophya bicinctus, 3L Jlavicoxse, .3f. epinotus, Tenthrcdo 1-i-punctatus
Norton % 9 (Types). Strongylog aster mnlticinctxis Norton (Type), Taxo-
nus unicmctvs, Taxoims dubitafus, Nematus corniger, Neiuafiis longicor-
jiis, Nematus integer, Lyda scmich ictus Norton (Type), Lyda scripta.
Xyehi tricolor Norton (Type), Xyphidria attenuatus Norton (Type),

190 [May

T remix columha, Urocerus albicoi'nis, Orj/ssus hsemorrhoidalis, Peltastea
pollicinetorius, Iclmeumon comptus, I. umfasciatorius^ 1. cingor, I. malac-
us, I. devinctor, I. alternator, Cri/ptua inquisitor, 0. dimelapsus, Ophion
relictiis, 0. bilincatus, O. purgatus, 0. imheciUis, 0. cecropia, Anomalon
mundus, A. Jlavicorms, A. mellipes, A. humeralis, EjMaltes irrifator,
Trogus mdnlipennis, T. exesorius, Hhi/ssa hinator, R. atrata, PelecinuR
polyturator, Evania nnicolor, Leucospis affinis, Trijpoxijlon albitdrse,
T. clavatum, Oxi/helus emarginatm, Grahro Q-macidata, 0. 10-maculata,
C. conjluentus, Philanthus punctata, P. verfilabris, Cerceris fumipenms,
0. deserfa, C. rJi/peatua, Larrada analis, L. arciiata, L. argentata,
TacJiytcs distinctus, Bembex wonodonta, B. fasciata, Monedula ventralis,
M. Carolina, 31. picfi/rons, Hogardia speciosa, Pompilus tropicus, P.
unifasciatus, P. nebulosns, P. fenereiis, P. pctiolatns, P. biguttatus, P.
algidus, Geropales ferruginea., G. bipimctata, Pelopoeus ccerideus, P. fla-
vipes, P. canadensis, Sphex ichneumonea, S. pennsylvanica, S. tibialis,
S. philadelphica , S. apicalis, Priononyx atrata, P. Thomse, Ghlorion
coeruleus, Anmiophila intercepfa, A. gracilis, A. gryphus, Myzina sex-
cincta, Scolia \-macidata, S. bicincta, S. dubta, S. nobilitata, Elis
limosa, E. plumtpcs, Tiphia inornata, Sapyga cent rata, Mutilla fenes-
trata, M. scrupea, M. occidentalis, M. ferrugata, Eumenes fraterna, Ze-
thus spinipes, Odyncrus campestris, 0. Jiavipes, 0. ssecuktris, Vespa
maculctta, V. germanica (Amer. var.), V. vidua, Polistes annularis, P.
metricus, P. pallipes, P.americanus, P. rubiginosus, Monobia quadridens,
Sphecodes dichroa, Halictus parallclus, H. conjluentus, H. subquadrafus,
H. ligatus, H. inconsjyicuus, Andrena hirticeps, A. vicina, A. desponsa,

A. paganic'a, Agapostemon tricolor, A. pulchra, A. seruginosus, Angochlo-
ra purus, A. suniptuosa, Nomada vincta, JV. bisignata, Epeolus donatus,
Gaelioxys octodentata, Anthidium notatum, A. emarginatum, Osmia bu,c-
coiiis, 0. lignaria, Megachile acuta, M. femorata, M. melanoplisea, Melis-
sodes nigra, M. binotata, M. atriventris, Geratina duplq, Anthophora
sponsa, Xylocopa Carolina, Bombus americanorum, B. vagans, B. ela.tus,

B. feruidus, B. virginicus, B. ternarius, Ap>is mellijica') , 105 Hemiptera
(^Pachycoris variabilis, Homsemus jJarvulus, Podops dubius, Gorimelsena
nitiduliodes, G. tmicolor, G. jiulicaria, Arma modesta, A. nigrispina, Zi-
crona clauda, Eurydema regina, Gyrtomenus castaneus, Amnestus spini-
frons, Sehirus ligatus, Brochymena arborea, Enschistus ptmctipes, E. tri-
stigma, E. crassus, Proxys brevispinus, Mormidea typhoe.a, Eysarcoris
carni/ex, Goenus viridicatus, G. delict, Pentatomn graminicolor, P. lugens,
P. purpnratn, P. semii^iffafa. P. calccata. nym,eiiiirci/s nervosa, Sfrachiti

1>^<)2.] 191

hisfriouica. RlKipliiynatrr adrpinua^ AninthonoDia laftni/f, (Jn'tiorerus </fi-
leator. Meroron's Jisfiurtits, Mi'tdpudlus mdculi/cnis, Anisoscch's opposihis,
Alydux b-i^pinoaus, A. pilomhis, A. rakuratus, A. eitrhms, Neides spinosus.
Gonocerus tristis, G. vittiger^ CTiariesterntis antennator, Ilarmostes vires-
ceiis, Rhopalus maculigerus, Lygseim rerlivahis, L. turcicus, L. aulicus,
Nysius sohrmus, Pachymerus fera^ P. constr ictus, Pterotmefun ahhreviatus,
Myhdoclia monopetiolata., CEdancala doraalis, Cymus reatdae, Opthalmi-
cus bvlladis, Aufhocorh pseudo-chlnche, Lopua dolabrafics, Min's mcbilum,
M. Isevigafus, Capsus 4^-vittatus, 0. goniphoncs, C. nifdius, C. rohiniae, C.
linearis, C. discoidalis, Heterotoma fusiformis, Phytoeoris multicolor, P.
querci, Camaronotus clavattis, Phymatn erosa, Tingis hyalina, Aradiis
americanus, A. capitatus Uhler (Type), A. cruentus, A. quadrilineatus, A.
sequalis, Dysodius parvulus, Prionotus novenarins, Harpactor cincttis, Si-
neo midtispmosa, Zelus dispersus, Euagoras viridis, E. tergatus, Rediivius
personata, Apiomerus crassijies, A. spissipes, Pirates ahdominalis, Ra-
sahus rarinafus, JVahis ferus, N. literatns, Gomphocephalus nahiformis,
Hydrometra hneata, Ploiaria hrevipenvis, Gerris ajttenis, G. lacustris,
G. nifo-scuteUatus, Sahla interstitialis, S. uniforme, Corisa interriqita,
C. obliterata, Kotone.cta hmigervm, N. unehdafa), 62 HoMOPTERA (^Ofio-
certis Coquebertii, Phylloscelis atra, Issiis eoleopratus, Plata vidgaris,
Poeciloptera septentrional is, P. bivittata, P. pruinosa, Aphrophora paral-
leld, A. quadrangidaris, A. saratogensis, A. 4t-notata, Proconia undata,
Diedrocephala 4-vittata, D. moUipes, D. communis, D. bijida, Clastopiera
obtusa, C. prof eus, Fid icina auletes, Cicada pruinosa, O. septendecim, 0.
rimosa, C. hieroglypliira, C parvula, Ccresa bubtdis, C diseros, Smilia
van, S. inermis, Caranota arcuata, C. niera. Gargara inornata, Entilia
sinuata, Tlielia himaculata, T. A-vittata, T. unanimis, Tragopa calva,
Enchenopa binotata, E. latipes, Bythoscopus clitellarius, B- seniinudus,
Macropsis nobilis, Typhlocyba conies, T. Fabse, Scolops sulciptes, Jassus
irroratus, J. iiiiniistus, Ledra aurita, L. caryae, Gypona S-lineata, G. Co-
lumbia, Penthimia farcta, Coelidia sub/asciata, C. olitoria), 60 Neurop-
.TERA (Psocns contaminatus, P. striafus, P. abrupttus, P. venosus, Perla
occipitalis, Txniopiteryj' frigida. Ephemera natata, Pcdingenia limbata,
Bsetis verticisj Galopteryx apicaMs, G. maculata, Hetse-rina. americana,
Lestes rectangular is, L. hamata, Agrion durum, A. violaceum, A. putri-
ditm, A. exsulans, Ischnura polhttum, I. iners, Gomphus dilatatus, Anax
Junius, jEschna constricta, jE. ^-guttata, jE. hc.ros, Libcllula semifasciata,
L. luctuosa, L. pulchella, L. auripennis, L. bistigma, Plathemis trimacv-
latus, Mf'sofhcmis simplii-ol/is, M. longipennis, Diplax virina, D. herenice.

192 [May

D. seinicincta, D. lalticuudula, D. amonda, Pertthemis doniid'a, )Si(i/i>i
in/umata, Chmdiodes jjectinicorms, C macidatus, C. angusticol/is, Cory-
dalisi cornuta, Poli/stoerhofes jnuicfatus, Chrysopa curyptera., Myrmelrou
obsoh'his, Ascahiphns hyalimis, Panorpa ru/escens, Bittacus pdir(jniis, B.
stu/mateiiis, Ne.uro}tla semi/asciafa, LimnophUus inidkus^ Setodcs cxqiil-
sitns)j 25 Orthoptera (^(Edtpoda discoidea, (E. Carolina. (E. coraJUna,
(E. ^ulphurea, (E. cucerata, CaIoj)tenns femur-ruhrum., OpsomaJa hrevi-
coi'rm, P/afyj)hyIlum concavum, Phancroptera cufvicaiida, (JonocfphnJus
fniiif/e)-, Pliylloptcra ohlonglfolia, Xipliidinyn aijlle, X. gracil(., PliyJIorcrus
/jidchellns, Q^ranthus nivens, Thaninotri-:o)i dorxalis, Achcfa ((b/jrcvinta,
A. miniisrida, Dendrocharis cratsegus, Bacuvcidus Sayi., Blahera gigantea ,
Blata pcnnsylvanica), and 64 DlPT^RA {Tipida roUaris, T. costalt's, T.
rvnctaiis, T. Jlam'cans, T. tricolor^ T. trivitfata, Pachyrhina mao-ocera,
Limnohia hnmatura^ Dicranomyia dlversa, D. pudica^ Erioptera holo-
trklia, Leptis vertehi-ata^ L. trrminaMs, ChrympUa basdaria, C. fasciata,
C /amipennis, C. rotiondipennis, Syneches /■iifus, Trypeta. seqiitilix, T.
comma.! T. poli'ta, T. solidaginis, T. vernonise, TeUvioccra clava^ T. pal-
lida, T. picfqyrs, T. saratogensh., T. sparsa, Sepedon fasclpcnnla^ S. pn-
slllus, DIchseta brevlcauda, Parydra brcvlceps, P. bitubcnulata, P. 4:-tu-
bercrdata, Scatella higens. Atomosia macrocera), from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

862 specimens of Coleoptera (for exchange), and 6 Lepidoptera
( Vanessa 31dbertl, Leucania imipuncta, Eucosmia undidata), from Dr.
J. D. Wingate.

30 specimens of Hymenoptera (^Hylotama sciUellata, Tanthredo vcr-
tlcaKs. Dolerus sericeus, Nematus ventralis, Clad Ins isomer a., Lophyrus
Abbotli, Crsesus latltarsus Norton ( Type ), Lyda abdoniinalls Norton,
(Type), L. plagiafa, L. fasciata Norton % 5 (Types), Cephus trimacula-
tus, SIrex nigricornis, S. Edward sH, Trcmix colnmba, T. sericeus, Ichneu-
mon jucuiidus, Peltastcs polllclnctorlus, Cryptus iiunclus, C? grallalor,
Iballa maculipennis, T. enslger Norton (Type), Evankt imlcolor, Ells
plllpcs, Nomada torrida. N. snlphurata}, from George Newman.

21 specimens of Hymenoptera ( Vesjxi vulgaris, Polistes dladema, F.
palllpes, Angoc.hlora j>uriis, Agagosfrtnoii pvlchra^, from Edward Norton.

11 specimens of Hemiptera { Stlrcfm^ flinlirlafus. S. violacrus, Enry-
(lima rcglna, Sr/ilrux bilineatns, Crlnoteriis arinlgcriis. (Mcmodus manor-
tiiis. Ophthalmicus jxiceus, O. nlgcr. Zosimniis rlncrra^ Pygulam))is amerl-
caiiiix), 2 DiPTERA {Tabuda fulrlpcs^ Parallnina apj>cndlcidcita), and 1
Hymenoptkha ( Fr/iiisti ciirfus Norton (Typo), from William Evett.

isoi'.] irr.

(? specimens of HymknoI'TKUA ( Trnf/n-rdo ro/i/onn'rvs Nortmi ('ry])e),
Lroccms alhicornis, Annn'/ji/ii/a /tirtiiosa, Pilopujn^ /istii/dris^ AV/.s 7%/-
fcra, Polistes carni/ca:), froii) Dr. Geo. H. Horn.

3 specimens of Hemiptkra {Di/xilercim .•<ii/iir(i/is. Jjunjiin siiccinrfiis),
from P. K. Uhler.

2 specimens of HYMKNCti'TKHA (Troj/ns. c.ro^oi-ius)^ bred from the chrys-
alis of Papillo anferias, from Dr. Samuel Lewis.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Prairie Farmer {Chicago^ Jtt.^^ Nos. 16 to 19 '//' Vol. 0. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the Sorlcfj/ for March and Aprif, 1862. From the
Publication Committee.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A letter was read from Mr. Aug. R. Clrote, dated Huffalo. April 17th,
1862, acknowledging his election as a Corresponding Member of the
Society.

A conajiuiiicatioii w;is rend from Mr. Bland, reporting the capture of
the following Coleoptera, on the 11th inst., west of the Schuylkill Hiver,
below Gray's Ferry: Lchia scupularis and Langurla Mo::<irdt^ common
on the Dandelion. Coccidula lepida.^ with the beating-net.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings :
" Additions to the Catalogue of United States Lepidoptera, by Aug. 11.
Grote."

And was i-eferred to a Committee.

NEW' BUSINESS.

The recent act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, incorp(irating the
Society, was read and accepted, and a Committee appointed to revise the
By-Laws in conformity thereto.

ELECTIONS.

Mr. Thomas Shaw, of Germantown, Pa., and Mr. John Getz, of Phila-
delphia, were elected Resident Members of the Society. Col. Craig Bid-
die, of Bucks County, I'enii., and Mr. William M. (iabb, of San Fran-
cisco, ('al.. were elect(Ml Corresjionding IMemliers.

104 [May

ON WINTER COLLECTING.
KY II. T. TAV.

It ])a.s been well said that any observations, however trivial and coni-
nioM-place they may seem, upon the habits of insects, may prove of some
)iractical use. Hoping, therefore, that the following paper, which com-
prises the results of my experience in collecting Coleoptera in the vicinity
of Columbus, Ohio, during the winter months, may be of some little in-
terest to the lovers of the science of Entomology, I venture to offer for
the consideration of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, a Cata-
logue of the species I have found in a season of the year, generally deem-
ed so unproductive to the collector.

It is perhaps unnecessary to state, that such of these species as are
found safely stowed away in decaying wood for their winters' sleep, could
only be reached in moderate weather or at such times as the frost is driven
from the ground by the warm winter rains so prevalent in this climate.
Nevertheless, a large portion were collected in quite cold weather, and
when the ground was covered by snow — I refer to such as are found under
moss and loose bark of decaying trees.

I have often been astonished at the number of Beetles congregated in
the same spot. On one occasion in particular, on stripping the bark from
the base of an oak partially decayed, it would be no exaggeration to say
they could be counted by hundreds, comprising about twenty species,
mostly common. Is this for warmth ?

One more observation and I will proceed with my list. In a place
where there are many rott.on logs, I may dig in half a dozen without find-
ing a single specimen, the next one I come to will perhaps reward me
abundantly.

Nehria paUipes Say. Abundant.
Carabus vwrtns Web. One specimen.
Scarites suhfrrraneus Fabr.
Brachinus finnans Linn.
Galerita janus Fabr.

Casnonia jK7insi/loanica Linn. Under stones.
Apristus suhsulcatus Dej.
Cymindis amerirana Dej,
Pinnrodi'Vii Jimhafa Dej. Thidcr V)ark.
,, fioicata Dej. Under bark.

55
55
55

1SG2.] 195

CaUi<hi marginata Dej. I'lKler moss.
C'(tfatJuisi fjirgan'ns Say. Very common.
I'hif^nuit hijpoUthus Say.

„ extensicolUs Say. Extremely abuudaut.
,, sinuatus Dej.
„ melanarius Dej.
„ placidus Say.
,, cupn'penni's Say. Rare.
PterosficJiKs sti/fficus Say.
,, adoxas Say.

„ mntus Say.

,, ptirpuratii^ Lee. Rai'e.

erf/throjms Dej.
honeshiK Say.
Inruhlandus Say.
., rJialcifcs Say.

..4w)(//-« (^JVicna) angustata Say.
CJiIsenius serirais Forst.
,, sestivus Say.

,, nemoralis Say.

„ tricolor Say.

Aiwmoglossus pHsiUus Say.
Gratacantlius diihius Beauv. Under stones.
Agonoderus I'meola Fabr.

„ paUtpes Fabr.

Anisodacti/lus haltimorensis Say.
carhonarius Say.
nigrita Dej.
Bradycellus atrimedms Say.

„ ruprestris Say.

Ilnrpalus cah'ginostis Fabr.

,, pennsylvanicus DeGeer.
,, spadiceus Dej.

,, o^mcipennis Hald.

StcnolopliHs conjunctus Say.
55 fuliginosus Dej.

,, testaceus Dej.

Btmhid'ium Jsevigatum Say.
Silpha Surinam en sis Fabr. One specimen.

55
55

196 [May

Epnrsea rufa Say.

P7-ometoj)m 6-macitIafa Say.

Omosita colon Fabr.

Alindria cylindrica Geoff. Very rare.

Trogosita castanca Melsh.

Peltis quadrilineata INIelsh.

Ditoma quadrignttata Say.

Aidoninm parallelojnped mn Say. Very abunduut.

Coli/dinm. lineoJa Say.

Endectus reJJexns Say.

Bothrideres geminattis Hald.

Rhyssodes exaratus Newm. bi rotten logs.
,, conjungens Newiii. In rotten logs.

Sylvamis Surinam ensh Linn.

Nousihms dentatus Say.

Catogcnns rv/us Fabr. Abundant.

Cncujux davipus Oliv. Very common in winter, have never met witli it
in summer, it seems to bid defiance to cold. I have often found it act-
ive in the midst of the frost which forms under the bark (if trees ueur
water.

Lsemojddanis higuttatus Say. Aery common.
„ modesfns Say.

Brontes dubius Fabr.

Cryptophagiis maculatus Melsh.

Engis quadnniacuJatus Say.

Dacne fasciata Fabr. I find both species of Darnc. very abundant ; I
„ Jieros Say. think they go under the ground for their win-

ter quarters. I once turned up quite a number of D. hrrros with my
trowel from the loose soil under the end of a fallen hickory covered
with woody fungus, from which I had taken many specimens the pre-
vious summer, and have often found a dozen at a time, closel}' packed
together under the bark at the root of stumps or decaying trees, seem-
ingly enticed from their hiding-place by the warmth of the suii.

Ischi/rus qitadnpiDirtdfus Oliv. Hare.

Tritoma unlcolor Sav.

Laiujvria Mozard! Latr.

Afi/rrfopJwgns punctatus Say.
,, ffcxHosiis Say.

/)rrnirsf('s pu/chra Lee. Under moss. \ cry rare.

5>

1S(;l>.] 197

iMcanuti dama Thuiil). One specimen, 9 . *

DorcKs parallelus Say. In rotten wood.

Phitycerus quercus Web. Tn rotten wood.

Cenichus piceus Web. T obtained in Dec. ISfil, 23 specimens, mostly

males, from a small i)iece of half decayed wood.
J\iss<i/iis coniufMS Fabr. Very common and apparently as active as in

warm weather.
Dicerca spreta Gory. Two specimens taken under moss, in February.
Aihlocera pennata Fabr.

marmorata Fabr.
aurorata Say. One specimen.
impressicolUs Say.
„ avita Say. One specimen.

Alaus ocidatus Linn.
Elater /hittus Say.

^at/i Lee. One specimen.
,, hcpaticus Melsh.
,, ruhricus Say.
Drasterius dorsah's Say. Under stones.

„ vespertinus Fabr. Under stones.

Mchi)iotus communis Schon.
,, fissilis Say.
,, tenax Say.
Limonius (j/lindri/ormis Say.
Corytnhites suIcicoUis Say.
Eros mundus Say. One specimen.
Fliotimis corrusra Linn. Quite common under bark.
'Ihaneroclerus sanguineus Say. Under bark.

Gkrus {chneumoneus Fabr. In almost incredible number in the inter-
stices of the rough bark of red-oak. I have not met with it in the
summer season.
Clerus nigripes Say.
Necrohia rufipes DeGeer.
Oedionychis vians Illig.

Chrysomela viride Melsh. One specimen under moss.
Megilla maculata DeGeer. Very common.
Adouid parenthesis Say.
Endomychus higuttatiis Say.
Opiocephahs bicornis Oliv. Very common.

198 [Mav

PUUjfdcma (ime.t%C(ina Lap.

,y clypeatiis Hald.

,, picilahrum Melsh.

,, elliptica Fabr.

,, r^ificornis Sturm.

Diaper h hi/dni Fabr.
Vloma culinaria Lion.

,, hnprei<xti Melsh.
Tcnehrio cat^taneua Kuoch.

Jphthimis pennsi/lvanlcHs De(ieer. Very coiiinioii.
Xylopmus antltrarinux Knoch. Very comuioii.
jPhellidins cornufuH Fabr.
Boletophagus corticola Say.
Penthe ohliquata Fabr. Common.
Antliicus cinctus Say. Under bark.

In addition to the above list, there have been found a number of mi-
nute species, mostly of the families Sfaphi/linklse and Curcuh'nnidse which
I have not as yet been able to name. The only Longicorn I have met
with, is a single specimen of Cyrtopliorus. nlcjor Lee, or a variety of Gly-
us albo/asciatiis Gory, I am not decided as to the true name. It was
found at some little depth in the soft wood of a decaying elm, in as neat
a receptacle as can be imagined.

A description of several new HYMENOPTERA.
BY EDWARD NORTON.

TENTHREDO Hartig.

T. californicus, n. sp. 9- Length 0.36. Ex. wings 0.72 inch.

9. White; mostly bLack above. Antennse hardly longer than thorax, each joint
more slender than the preceding; third longer than fourth; clypens deeply emai--
ginated, labrum retracted, truncate; mandibles with two strong inner teeth; an-
tennse above, a large spot enclosing ocelli, a spot on back of head, thorax and ter-
gum, except at sides, black; two dots below ocelli, four line* on mesotliorax form-
ing two V-spots, the scutel and the remainder of the body including the margin
of tergum, white; a slender line on all the legs above (except on tarsi), the tips of
tibiae and tarsi, black ; claws ferruginous; wings hyaline, stigma and costa pale.

California. (Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.)

The lonii of tlio liilinini and tlu' jiusterior coxa; a little Idii^cr tiiau
ordinary, seeiii to separate this from Taiitliredo^ but in other respects it
appears to agree with tliis genus.

FENTJSA Leach.

F. curtus 11. sj). 9- Length 0.14. Ex. wings 0.32 inch.
5. Black, abdomen piecons. Antennre toward tip, the hibnun and inaudibles
piceous; a smooth fovea between an tennre ; tegulse and abdomen piceous; thorax
shining, smooth, each segment of abdomen depressed toward apex; legs ochra-
ceous; coxa^ and femora (except at tip) black: apical joints of tarsi blackish;
wings semitransparent, stigma and costa darker, nervures black.

Penn.sylvania. (Coll. Knt. 80c. I'hik.)

CR.2ESXJS Leach.

C. latitarsus, n. sp. 9 •

' 'rasit.'i .se^Jfenfriona/is, H. ('nt. Length O.P.S. Ex. wings 0.72 inch.
9. Black; base of tibife white. Antennae as long as body; body shining hluc-
black: a crescent-shaped elevation between antennae ; clypeus emarginate; labnini,
mandibles and palpi piceous; mesothorax with confluent longitudinal piuictui'es,
j)leura dull witli dense punctures; legs black, anterior pairs piceous toward tip:
posterior trochanters and basal half of all the tibife white; posterior tibife enlarg-
ed and flattened toward tip; first joint of tarsi still wider, flattened, longer than
the remaining tarsi, its edges elevated to a rim on both sides: wings hyaline, a
little smoky below stigma; a dot in middle of second and (liird subraarginal cells.

Pennsylvania. (Coll. Ent. Soc. Phihi.) Mass. (Harris Collection.)

The name aeptenfriojialiH was previously given to a European spe-
cies.

LYDA Fabr.

Sec. ^. Anierior tibke ivith one side spur.

L. abdominalis n. sp. 9- Length 0.50. Ex. wings 0.96 inch.

9- Black, with rufous abdomen. Two basal joints of antennfe black, tipped with
yellow (remainder wanting), two oval spots on vertex, partly enclosed by two
crescents, which join on the occiput two lines extending downwards on each outer
edge of head to mandibles, two oval spots outside of antennae and a transverse
line on clypeus, white; mandibles rufous, palpi pale; teguhe, a spot in front and
one beneath, V-spot, seutel, dot at base of metathorax, a sjiot before each of the
coxa- on the pectus, pale straw color: abdomen rufous, the apical segment above
and a spot on the two apical segments beneath, black; legs at base black, lerrugi-
nous below tips of the femora; tips of tibife and apical joints of tarsi blackish ;
tips of coxae and ;i line on femora beneath white : wings large, fainth'' smoky,
stigma lengthened, not rounded, ferruginous; line within costa opened into a Y,
upper limb longest.

Pennsylvaniii. (Coll. Ent. 80c. Pliil;i.)

2(MI [Mav

Hec. 2. Anterior tibiae vjithout side spur ; third joint of antenna: a.s lomj as the two
following.

L. fasciata n. sp. ^ % ■ Length 0.32. Ex. wings 0.72 inch.

9 . Color black, abdomen and wings fasciate. Antennte little longer than thorax,
two basal joints shining, transversely pitted or rugose: a minute dot over each
eye, a spot from between antenna; to tip of clypeus, middle of mandibles and tips
of palpi, yellow: tegulse, two spots forming a V on prothorax, seutel, a transverse
line on base of metathorax, spots on the sides of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth
segments and apex of abdomen *nd four transverse lines on the same segments
beneath, yellow: legs yellow, varying to ferruginous, the coxse except at tip and
a spot on the femora, black; a broad blackish band covers two-thirds of superior,
and most part of inferior wings : tips of wings hyaline, stigma large, rounded,
black ; nervure within costal space curving to the inner nervure near the middle,
tip of marginal cell bluntly rounded.

'^ . Tliis has not any V on the thorax, nor transverse line on metathorax : no yel-
lew spot on third segment of abdomen and no black spots on feniora. The V)asal
joints of antennte are yellow beneath.

PeiuLsylvanui. (Coll. Ent. ,Soc. Phila. )

The female bus four discoidal cells, the first sul)iuarL;iiial roceiviiiji, two
recurrent uervi\res.

IBALIA Latr.

I. ensiger n. s|i, 9- Length 0.5(5. Ex. wings 0.92 inch.

9 . Black, with ferruginous abdomen. Occiput striate toward ocelli, stria; trans-
verse below ocelli, a curved ridge from ocelli passing beneath antennfe ; face below
antenna; coarsely punctured: prothorax elevated and slightly emarginate, meso-
thorax transversely striate, with three longitudinal depressions: seutel large, scab-
rous, with an elevated rim, produced into two teeth behind, a spine on each side
of metathorax, with divergent carinse : a smooth shining spot beneath wings, be-
neath which is an angulate depression and a large striate longitudinal fossula :
pectus transversely striate; abdomen ferruginous, smooth, shining, knife-shaped;
ovipositor of the same color, about two- thirds the length of abdomen ; legs
black, shining ; posterior tibiaj rough with confluent punctures ; second joint
of posterior tarsi with a long blunt spine: apical joints of tarsi obscurely ferrugi-
nous; wings hyaline, apical ends semitransparent, blackish.

Pennsylvania. fColl. Ent, Soc. Phila. j

This agrees in many respects with I Ixilia (uinp^ df Say. which T have
never seen.

1S(;2.] 201

On the synonyms of CIMBEX AMERICANA.
BY EDWAUl) NORTON.

Cimbex Americana.

Cimbex Americana Leach, Zool. Misc, ;i, 104. %. Harris Cat. Mass. "J, . St. Far- ■
geau. Mon. Tenth. 38, 87. Geo. % .
Cimbex dcccm-maculata D'Urban, Can. Zool. 18, 7085. Can. 9 •
Var. Civibcx Ulmi Peck, Harris Cat. Mass. 9- Emmons, Nat. Ilist. N. Yurk, Agric.
5, 101. New York. ? % .
Cimbex Viardi St. Fargeau. Ann. See. Eiit. de France, 2, 454. N. Am. 9-
Cimbex luctifera King, Verhandl. &.Q. Berlin, 1, 85. Georgia. 9 '^ ••
Var. Civibcx LaPortci St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 2, 454, N. Am. % .
Cimbex Kirbyi St. Farg. Hym. 4, 672. N. Am. % .

For the convenience of the student and collector, these are specified as
varieties, the 0. x\niericaua having clear wings, the var. Ulmi dark wings
and the var. LaPortei the abdomen mostly rufous.

After a careful examination ol' a number of specimens 1 think that they
are not sufficiently distinct in their character to be called separate species.
The wings of C. Americana are hyaline with the radial cellule and apex
of both pair fuscous; while the wings of C. Ulmi and C. LaPortei vary
from obscure semitransparent to dark violaceus, but are darkest at the
same points. In the form and marking of the body and legs, neither
males nor females difier materially, Of the females both Americana and
Ulmi have six, eight and ten spots on the abdomen, in different specimens ;
sometimes they are six in number, on the sides of the 4th, 5th and 6th
segments (all round, all oval and both round and oval), in two cases seven
in number (dark wings. Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.j, four spots on one side and
on the other three; often eight in number (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th), and
often ten in number (ord, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th), differing very much in
size and form, and in two eases (one clear and the other dark wings) nearly
meeting on the ord, 4th and 7th, and coalescing on the 5th and 6th seg-
ments. These last I take to be the Cimbex luctifera of King. The color
of the abdomen varies in some cases from steel-blue through shades of
purple to brick-red. These last are all males and dark winged.

Through the kindness of Mr. Shurtleff, of Cambridge, Mass., I have
examined two males of C. LaPortei, one of Ulmi, and two females of
Ulmi with blue (8-spotted) abdomens, all bred from pupa; found together
beneath a willow tree on which he had previously seen them feeding.

Beside the red abdomen I find no peculiarity in the dark winged speci-
mens which does not occur in those having clear wings.

It may be that the C. luctifera of King will prove to be a different

202 [May

species when specimens are procured from Georgia. He describes what
he thinks to be the male as having six spots on the abdomen. Some of
my specimens have all the peculiarities of his female.

It is quite desirable that those who have an opportunity, should describe
the larvai of this insect which they may find, especially in the more north-
erly states, where the clear winged specimens are abundant. The elm,
the linden and the willow and doubtless other trees are frequented by
them.

The localities of specimens examined are as follows : —

With clear wings, N. H., Mass., Can., L. Sup. Geo. (Leach.)

With dark wings, Mass., Ct., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md. N. Am. (St. Farg.) Geo. (Klug.)

With red abdomen, Mass., Ct., N. Y. N. Am. (St. Farg.)

For which I am indebted to the Cambridge Museum, Harris Collection,

Messrs. ShurtlefF, Sanborn, Gray, Edwards, Clemens, Beadle, Akhurst,

Uhler and Eiit. Soc. Phila.

A Catalogue of the described species of several families of HTMENOFTERA

inhabiting North America.

BY E. T. CRESSON.

Fam. CYNIPID.E.

CYNIPS Linn.
aciculata O.sfcn Sarken, Proc. Entom. Sue. of Phila. 1, p. 5(5. Illinois,
bicolor Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. .399. Massachusetts.
confluentus Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. .397. Massachusetts.
dichlocerus Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 399. Massachusetts.
nubilipennis Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 398. Massachusetts.
oneratus Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 398. Massachusetts,
quercus arbos Fitch, Fiftli Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 29.
quercus batatus Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 30.
quercus centricola Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Eut. Soc. Pliila. 1, p. 58. Washington, D. C.
quercus coelebs Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 61. Washington, D. C.
quercus ficus Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 32.
quercus fusiformis Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 61. Wasliington, D. C.
quercus futilis Osten Sacken. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1. p. 64. Washington, D. C.
quercus inanis Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 58. New York (Fitch).
quercus irregularis Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 65. Washington. D. C.
quercus lana Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 34.
quercus modesta Ostcti Sackcn. Proc. Ent. Soc. Pliila. 1. ]>. 66. Wasliington, D. C.

1SC2.] 2o:!

quercus nigrae Ofifcn Surkm, Proe. Eiit. Koc. Pliilu. 1, p. <"ifi. Wasliiiic;lon, D. 0.
quercus palustris Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Knt. Soc Phila. 1. p. t!."!. Wasliington, D. C.
quercus papillata OHtcn Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 64. Washington, T). C.
quercus phellos Ostcn Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1. p. 70. Washington, D. C.
quercus pisum Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 38.
quercus tuber Fitch, Fifth Report on* the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 26.
quercus tubicola Oaten Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 60. Washington, T>. C.
quercus verrucarum Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 62. Washington, D. C.
seminator Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 399. Massachusetts.
semipiceus Harris, Treatise on Insects, p. 400. Massachusetts.

DIPLOLEPIS Geoif.

armatus Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 266. Indiana,
devius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
flagellatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
impatiens Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 267. Indiana,
impolitus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
pedatus Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 267. Indiana,
potentillae Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
quinquelineatus Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 266. Indiana,
stigmatus Sat/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 208. Indiana.

CALLASPIDIA Dahl.
quercus globulus Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 30.

BIORHIZA Wt^stw.
nigra Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 2. N. York.

PHILONIX Fitch.

fulvicoUis Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 3. N. Y.
nigricollis Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 3. N. Y.

SYNOPHKUS Hartig.
Tlaeviventris Ostcn Sacken, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 67. Washington, D. C.

AYLAX Hartig.
?futilis Osten Sackcn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 64. Washington, D. C.

FIGITES Latr.
Chinquapin Fitch, Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 40.
impatiens Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 268.
mellipes Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 269. Indiana,
melisoma Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
pini Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

.EGILIPS Haliday.
Tobtusilobae Osten Sacken, Proc. Entom. Soc. of Phila. 1, p. 68. Washington, D. C.

AMBLYNOTUS Hartig.
1 petiolicola Ostcn Sackcn, Proc. Entom. Soc. of Phila. 1, p. 67. Washington, D. C.

L^04 [Mav

BAROTHEUS RemhanU.
Ipisum Osten Sacken, Proc. Entom. Soc. Pliila. 1, p. 59. Washington, D. C.

IBALIA Latr.
anceps »SV(y, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. .'525. Arkansas.
ensiger Norion, Proceedings Entomological Society of Phila., vol. 1, p. 20(i. Penn.
maculipennis Harris, Catalogue. Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. 3, p. 127. Penn.
Bcalpellator Woiiiuood, in Guerin's Magazin de Zoologio, 1837. Georgia.

Faiu. EVANIID.E.

EVANIA Fabr.

appendigasterT Latr. Harria, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd ed.
Cubse Giicrin, Iconographie du Regne Animal, vol. 3, p. 405; tab. f>5, fig. 1. Cuba.
fascialis Spinola, Revue Zoologique, 1842, p. 188. Mexico.

laevigata Oliv. Euc. Meth. 6, p. 453. Gucr. Icon. Reg. Anim. vol. 3, p. 405. Cuba,
petiolata Fa/jr. Entomologia Systematica. Suppl. 242. Insulis Americte (W. Ind!').
Poeyi Gucr. (Hyptiam) Rev. Zool. 1843, 335. LaSacjra, Hist. Cuba, Ins. i>l. 18. iig. 3.
Servillei Gucrln, (ITyptiam) Revue Zoologicjue, 1843, p. 335. St. Domingo.
thoracica Blanch. Histoire Naturelle des Insects (Dumeril's edit.), 4, 299. Carolina.
unicolor Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 320. United States.

HYPTLAM Illig.
thoracicum Shwkaid. Entomologist, p. 120. Xorth Carolina.

BRACHYGASTER Leach.
reticulatus Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I. p. 223. Indiana.

F(ENUS Fabr.

Barnstoni We-itwood, Trans. Entom. Soc. of London, 1851, p. 220. Hudson's Bay.
Guildingii We-iiwood, Trans. Eutom. Soc. of London, vol. 3, p. 257. St. Vincent's.
irritator JIarris, Catalogue of tlie Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
Kirbii -Bamston, MSS. We.s-fw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1851. 219. Hudson's Bay.
rufipectus Westu'ood, Trans. Entom. Soc. of London, 1851, j'. 219. St. Vincent's.
tarsatorius Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 321. Pennsylvania.

LYCOGASTER Shuckard.
puUatus Shuckard, Entomologist, p. 124. North Carolina.

PELECINUS Latr.

clavator Lair. JIarris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
thoracicus KImj, Germar Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, 3, p. 384 : tab. 2, fig. 5. Mex.

STEPHANUS .fiuine.

bicolor Weatwood , Ti ans. Entom. Soc. of London, vol. 3, p. 270. Georgia.
rufipes Sai/, Long's Second P^xpedition. vol, 2, p. 324. Pennsylvania.

l.S(>2.] 20;")

AULACUS Jurine.
Abbottii Westwood, Tr^ns. Dntoni. Sof. of London, vol. ,"), p. 266. rjeorgia.
fasciatus iS'ai/, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. I. p. 67. CHiio.
hyalinipennis Wcstwood, Trans. Entora. Soc. of London, vol. H, p. 265. Mexico,
niger iS/uirkard, Entonioloj^ist, p. 121. North America.
Eesutorivorus Biirnston, MSS. Wcslw. Tr. EuL Soc. Lond. 1861, 221. liudaon'a Bay.

Fam. ICHNEIJMONlDiE.

RHYSSA Grav.
levigata Bi-ullc, Hymenoptercs, p. 78 ; tab. 40, fig. 2. North America.

PIMPLA Fabr.
fuscicornis Brulle, Hymenoptercs, p. 104. Guadeloupe,
humida Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 224. Indiana,
marginella Brullc, Hymenoptercs, p. 107. Cuba.
melanocephala Brullc, Hymenoptercs, p. 99. North America.
^petiolatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 224. Indiana,
rufipes Brulli, Hymenoptercs, p. 102. North America.

BASSUS Grav.
gibbosus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 250. Indiana,
limitaris Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 250. Indiana. Missouri.
sanotus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 249. Indiana.

METOPIUS Panz.
cordiger BrulU, Hymenoptercs, p. 120. Carolina,
pinatorius Bosc. Brullc, Hymenoptercs, p. 120. Carolina.

PELTASTES Illig.
pollinctorius Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 245. Ind. Penn.

BANCHUS Fabr.

aequatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 247. Indiana,

fugitivus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 247. Indiana,

nervulus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 246. Indiana.

ACENITUS Latr.

amoenus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
decorus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 21S. Indiana,
melleus Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 24'J. Indiana,
stigmapteras Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 325. North-west Territory.

OPHION Fabr.
analis Say, Contribution.s to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 75. Indiana.
atricolor Oliv. Encyclopedic Methodique. Insects, 8, p. 611. Carolina.

206 [May

bifoveolatus Bridle, Hyra^nopteres, p. 138. North America.

bilineatus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 75. Indiana.

brachiator Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 240. Indiana.

cecropiae Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

chloris Oliv. Encyclopedie Methodique, Insects, 8, p. 509. North America.

dentulatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

emarginalus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 76. Indiana.

gemiuatus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 76. Indiana.

glabratus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 239. Indiana.

lateralis BruUi, Hymenopteres, p. 141. Carolina.

mundus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 239. Indiana.

purgatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 238. Indiana,

relictus Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, Supplement, p. 236. North America.

rugosus Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 138. North America.

vitticollis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

PANISCUS Grav.
rufus BrulU, Hymenopteres, p. 155. Mexico. Cuba.

CAMPOPLEX Grav.

lArcticus Curtis, Eoss's Second Voyage, Appendix, p. Ixii. Arctic America,
xanthogaster Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 159. North America.

ANOMALON Grav.

attractus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 241. Indiana.

deusatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 243. Indiana.

divaricatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 244. - Florida.

ejuncidus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 241. United States.

flavicorne Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 171; tab. 40. fig. 4. Philadelphia.

flavicornis Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 73. Arkansas.

flavipes Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 170. Mexico.

humerale Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 74. Indiana.

laterale Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 175. North America.

lineatulus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 244. Indiana.

mellipes Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 74. Indiana.

nigrovarium Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 172. North America.

recurvus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 243. Indiana.

sexliueata Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 74. Indiana.

CRYPTUS Fabr.
annulipes Harris, Catalogue of llie Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
attractus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
bucephalus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
calipterus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 234. Mexico,
cestus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 234. Indiana.
conquisitor Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 232. Indiana.
calceatus Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
cardinalis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
crescentus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

1802.] 207

clyti i7hrr(.9, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
discitergus Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 231. Indiana,
ductilis (Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 233. Indiana,
ectypus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
facetus Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
facilis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2ad edition. Mass.
fasciipennis Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 191. Cuba,
fuscipennis BruUe, Hymenopteres, p. 189. Mexico.

grallator Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 236. Indiana.
hispsB Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
irroratorius Fahr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 72. Insulis America} (West Indies?),
isochromus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
laxus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
leucotelus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
mellipes Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
micropterus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 238. Pennsylvania.
nuncius Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 237. Pennsylvania,
orbus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 231. Indiana,
palmapectus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
pleuriticus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
pleurivinctus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 235. U. States.
polyspeirus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
recurvulus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
retentor Bosc. Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 192. Carolina,
semirufus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 195. North America,
spinulosus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
subclavatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 237. United States,
subspinosus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
tenellus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 233. Pennsylvania.
velox Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
versicolor Harris, Catologue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
viduatorius Fahr. Syst. Piez. p. 70. Kirhy, Fauna Bor. Amer. 4, p. 259. N. Amer.
xanthostigma Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 190. Mexico.

CEYPTOCENTRUM Kirby.
lineolatum Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, vol. 4, p. 260 ; tab. 6, fig. 1. N. Am.

PHYGADETJON Grav.
Planosae Fitch, Second Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 269. N. Y.

MESOSTENUS Grav.

lituratus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 208. Cuba,
melanoleucus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 204. Mexico,
spinarius Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 227. Carolina,
tricolor Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 209. Cuba,
trilineatus Brtdle, Hymenopteres, p. 207. Hayti.

MESOCHORTJS Grav.
fuscipennis Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 250. Carolina.

208 [May

vitreus Walsh, Insects injurious to vegetation iu Illinois, p. ."16, fig. '.'. Illinois.

HEMITELES Grav.
fuscipennis Brulle, ifymenopteres, p, 257. Ilayti.

JOPPA Fabr,

alternans Brullc, Ilymenopterea, p. 278. Mexico.

conica Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 286. Mexico.

maurator Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 287. Carolina, riiiladuli^hia.

suturalis Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 281. Mexico.

TROGUS Grav.

atratns Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2u(l edition,
exesorius Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 298. Carolina. Philadelphia.
ischiadicus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
nubilipennis Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phila. vol. o, p. 127. (Pennsylvania.)
obsidianator Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 2i)9. Carolina. Philadelphia.

ICHNEUMON Linn.

albipectus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 306. Cuba.

aleatorius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
ales Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
alternator Sai/. Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
auxifer Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2ud edition.
atratus Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 179. Brullc, (Rhyssa) Hymen, tab. 40, fig. 1. N. Amer.
baculus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
basiator Say. Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusett.'!, 2nd edition.
biarquatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
bifasciatus iSai/, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 72. Indiana.
brevicinctor Sa>/, American Entomology, plate 22. (United States.)
brevinctor <S'ay. Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2ad edition.
calitergus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
centrator *S'«j/, American Entomology, plate 22. United States.
cingor Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
comptus Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, ]>. 229. United States.
concinnus (S'«j/, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, j). 68. Indiana,
concitator (V«y. Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
detritus Brullc, Hymenoi>teres, p. 302. Carolina.

devinctor Say, American Entomology, plate 22. N. W. Territory. Missouri.
dimelapsus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
duplicatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 230. North America,
emarginatulus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
emarginatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2ud edition,
eurostus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
extaricus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
exulans Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
famelicus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
ferrugator Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana. vol. 4. p. 258. North America.
ferrugator Fabr. Brullc, (Jopj)a) Hymenopteres. p. 295. Carolina. Philada.

isr.-_>.] 209

flavus Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 179. G'wtV. et PercA. (Ophiou) Ins. Hyin. plute :>. (!uba.

grandis Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 300. Philadelphia.

hilaris Sat/, Contributions to Macluriau Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 71. hidiaiia.

hospes //«/•?•(;'.?, <-afalogue of tlu' Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

impiger Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

inquisitor Sa\/. Contributions to Maclurian Lj'ceuui, vol. 1, p. 71. Indiana.

irritator Fahr. Ent. Syst. 2, 104. Brulli . (Ephialtes) Hynicu, p. 81. Carolina.

jaculator Linn. Kirhy, (FcBnus) Fauna Boroali-Americana. vol. 4. p. 2.J8. N. Am.

jucundus Brulle, Ilymcnoptores, j). ."06. North America.

laetus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. oO;>. Carolina.

Lariae Curtis, Ross's Second Voj'age, Appendix, \>. l.xi: pi. A, lig. 1. Arctic Amer.

leucopterus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

ligatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

lunator Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2. 1G2. JE'?nmo?i.s, (Pimpla) Ins. of N. Y. Ag. 5, pi. 1. N. Am.

lusorius Say. Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

macrurus Linn. Mant. P. 540. Drury. Insects, 1, p. 97, ])I 43, fig. 5. New York.

malacus Say. Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 72. Indiana.

melisomus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mas.';.

mellilabrus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

niellipectorius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

metathoracicus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition.

milvus Harris, Catalogue of the In.sects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition. Mass.

moderator Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, p. 935. Fabr. Fauna GnBnlandica, p. 198. Greenland.

morio Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. ISO. North America.

niorulus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 73. Indiana.

multor Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

navus Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 229. United States.

niger Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 302. North America.

nigratorius Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 55. North America.

orbitarius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

otiosus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1. p. 69. Indiana.

paratus Say, Contributions to Macluriau Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 68. Indiana.

pectoralis Sa,y, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 72. Indiana.

pennator Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 155. Georgia.

petiolatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

plantaris Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

platicerus Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

polyturator Drury, Insects, vol. 2, p. 77; pi. 40, fig. 4. Jamaica.

pterelas Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, \i. 71. Indiana.

pulcher Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 304. North America.

residuus Say, Contributions to Macluriau Lyceum, vol. \, p. 73. Indiana.

rufiventiis Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 301. North America.

sericeus Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 189. Guadeloupe.

spatiosus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd oiliiiou. Mas.s.

Stolophorus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2iid edition.

succinctus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 301. North America.

surcularis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Ma.->.~.

suturalis Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. j>. 220. Noriii Annrica.

tibialis Brvlle. Hymeno)it<'>res. j). :;ii0. Pliiladelpliia.

210 [May

trichocerus HanHs, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
unifasciatorius Say, American Entomology, plate 22. Middle States.
vau Harris, Catalogue- of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
vinctus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1. p. 70. Indiana.

BEACON Fabr.

argutator Say, Boston Journal of Xatural History, vol. 1, p. 253. Indiana.

crocator Kirhy, Fauna Boreali- Americana, vol. 4, p. 2G1. North America.

dichrous Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 398. North America.

dorsator Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 253. Indiana.

erythraeus BruUc, Hymenopteres, p. 401. Cuba.

erythrogaster Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 401. North America.

eurygaster Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 400. Philadelphia.

ezhalans Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1. p. 77. Indiana.

explorator Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 259. Indiana.

fuscipennis Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 396. Mexico.

hebetor Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I, p. 252. Indiana.

honestor Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 78. Indiana.

inescator Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 257. Indiana.

ligator Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2. p. 323. Pennsylvania.

lineola Brulle. Hymenopteres, p. 397. Carolina.

maturor Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

mellitor Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. T. p. 25(). Indiana.

niger Brulle, Hymenopteres. p. 395. Mexico.

operculatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition. Mass.

orbita Brulle. Hymenopteres, p. 399. North America.

palpatorius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

paululor Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 257. Indiana.

pectinator Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 251. United States.

populator Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 323. United States.

pullator Say. Boston .Tonrnal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 257. Indiana.

rugator Say. Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 251. Indiana.

rugulosas Say. Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 255. Indiana.

scrutator Say. Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 254. Indiana.

stigmator Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 323. North-west Territory.

thoracicus Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 260. Indiana.

tibiator Say. Jjong's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 322. Pennsylvania.

transversus Say. Boston Jtmrual of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 255. Indiana.

trilobatus Say. lioston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 259. Indiana.

truncator Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 78. Indiana.

vestitor Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I, p. 254* Mexico.

viator Say, Boston Journal of Natural Historj', vol. 1, p. 258. Indiana.

SYNGASTER Brulle.

erythromelas Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 458. North America?
rafiventris Brulle. Hymenopteres, p. 458. North America.

ROGAS Essnbeck.
flaviceps Hnliilay (DorycieA). Entomolf)gical Magazine, vol. 1. p. 45. St. Vincent's.

Qusestor i/o/i'rfa^ (Heterospilus). Kntmiuilogical Magaziue, -i, ]>. 17. Wt. Vinceut's.

HELCON Esenbeck.
dentipes Bridle, Hymenoptdres, p. 17'J. Xorth Amcricii.

AGATHIS Latr.

haematodes Brullc, Hynienopti-res, p. 49;"). Pliiladclphia.

liberator Bosc. Brullc, Hymcuopteres, p. 502. Carolina.

ornata <S'ay, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 22('). Indiana.

polita tiny, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 22.'). Indiana.

semirubra Brullc, Ilymenopteres, p. 494. Philadelphia.

MICROGASTER Latr.

americanus Latr. Encyclopedic Methodique, Insects, 10, p. 42. Martinique.
bisstigma Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 264. Indiana,
calliptera Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 264. Indiana.
carpata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 26.S. Indiana.
congregata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 262. Pennsylvania,
ensiger Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 260. Indiana,
mellipes Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 261. Indiana,
militaris 'Walsh, Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois, p. 37, fig. 10. Illinois,
unicolor Curtis, Eoss's Second Voyage, Appendix, p. Ixii. Arctic America,
xylina Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 262. Indiana.
zonaria Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 263. Indiana.

SIGALPHUS Latr.

basilaris Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 322. Pennsylvania,
patulus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
puppius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
sericeus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 321. North-west Territory.
socius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
tibialis Hahl. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences Phila. 4, p. 203. Penn.

CHELONUS Jurine.

corrugatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
dislocatus Harris, Catalogue of tlie Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
lunatus llald. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences Phila. 4, p. 203. Penn.
parvus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 265. Indiana,
sericeus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
sobrinus Hald. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences Phila. 4, p. 203. Penn.

ALYSIA Latr.

fuscipennis Brullc, Hymeno])teres, p. 516. North America.

pallipes Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 77. Indiana.

ridibunda Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 77. Indiana.

212 [May

Description of two new species of TEBMITES from Texas.
BY S. B. BUCKLKY.

Termks (Eutermes) cinereus n. sp. — Abdomen and upper surface
of the thorax cinereus with lighter and darker shades ; head of the na-
suti brownish-black and of the worker yellowish-brown ; antennae light
brown, legs and the under surfece of the head and thorax pale yellow.

Worker. Head oval, anteriorly slightly narrowed, with a circular and
somewhat convex elevation in front; epistoma a little convex, sloping to-
wards the front edge which is semicircular; vertex depressed, somewhat
smooth; occiput rounded and projecting over the prothorax; antennae 15-
jointed, hairy, clavate, shorter than the head, first joint cylindrical and
longer than the second, third still shorter and the remainder about the
length of the second, being shaped like truncated cones with their bases
forward, apical joints egg-shaped; eyes a little convex, large, brownish-
black and placed on the front sides above and anterior to the base of the
antennae; mandibles not projecting beyond the epistoma, dark brown,
somewhat triangular, a little curved at the apex, at and near which are
two strong teeth, a third small tooth is near the middle of the inner mar-
gin, outer margin curved, under surface of the head flat with a slight si-
nus extending from the mentam backwards, mentum emarginate in front,
ligula four parted, the two inner segments nearly double the size of the
two outer, all obtuse, with a few scattering hairs, palpi clavate, geniculate,
trochanter, femur and tibia smooth, tarsi clothed with rigid hairs; pro-
thorax semicircular and raised above the meso- and metathorax and nar-
rower than either the head or abdomen, mesothorax longer than the pro-
thorax, semicircular; abdomen egg-shaped, proportionably large, somewhat
flat above, under surface and near, the anus hairy; appendices abdominal
and anal wanting. Length 0.14, head O.Ol, abddlnen 0.07 inch.

Nasud. Antennae 9-jointed, basal joint twice the length of the second,
remaining joints nearly equal, egg-shaped and slightly hairy; head smooth?
somewhat pyrifoi-m, constricted a little in front of the middle, backhead
rounded and projecting backwards over the thorax ; fronthead. anterior to
the constriction, nearly one half smaller than the portion back of it, and
raised around the middle, sloping gradually front and backwards; the up-
per anterior portion prolonged into a snout, below the base of which the
front is compressed at the sides about one-third of the distance back to-

wards the strangulation ; the front edge has a small tooth or projection
near its centre, above and below which the margin is curved inwards, the
upper curve projecting slightly over the lower; snout nearly cylindrical,
being a little smaller near the middle and rather abruptly pointed ; eyes
small, convex, placed above the base of the antennae near the anterior mar-
gin of the head ; thorax, abdomen and legs similar to those of the worker.
Size, i--i smaller than the worker, the snout being about i of the entire
length of the head.

It was about sunset on the 22nd of October 1860, when I first saw this
species, in San Saba County, Texas, in a field where both worker and na-
suti were carrying home seeds of grasses and weeds. They marched in
dense columns along pathways leading to a hole near the base of a stump,
into which they entered. Others were marching outward in search of
provendor. The nasuti are about one-fourth to one-fifth of the entire com-
munity. They dwell in the ground where they have rooms, seldom more
than one to two inches long, connected by tunnels. They march with
heads erect and thrown backwards over the thorax, carrying their loads
with their mandibles.

Subsequently, while engaged in the Greological Survey of that and the
adjoining Counties, I met them frequently. After rains — which are of
rare occurrence in that climate — they make semicyliudrical tubes which
lie on the surface of the ground to the length of from three to six inches.
These arched ways sometimes intersect each other, being connected with
chambers below. They rarely work by day above the surface, and never
in the bright sunshine. In June 1861, in Llano County, I saw them car-
rying home dry segments of post-oak leaves of the preceding years growth.
Here again the nasuti worked in common with the rest of the tribe. They
must have preferred these dry leaves, because green leaves and grass were
abundant on every side. They are all quite active, moving faster than
any species of Termites which I have seen.

What is the use of the snout of the nasuti ? It may be used to exca-
vate dirt, but does not seem to be well adapted for battle as it is not of
sufi&cient sharpness to penetrate other insects easily, nor does the size of
the nasuti indicate that they were made for soldiers, but it is probable that
both forms unite for the defence of the whole tribe, and likewise labour
in common for its support.

Termes tubtformanh n. sp. — Head and thorax pale yellow; legs
white ; abdomen above dirty white with lighter and darker shades, its sides

214 [May

and under surface yellowish-white; mouth, the apices and inner edges of
the mandibles light brown ; antennae pale yellow.

Worker. Head oval somewhat egg-shaped in outline seen from above,
narrowing in front, convex and smooth above, slightly hairy posteriorly,
somewhat depressed, rounded and projecting a little over the thorax; front
raised, the back portion of the elevation triangular and depressed ; episto-
ma rounded above and protruding slightly in front, eyes large, convex,
brownish-black, placed in front midway between the lower side and the
top near the base of the antennae ; antennae clavate, 13-jointed, hairy, first
and second joint longer than the third, succeeding joints nearly equal, un-
der surface of the head has a sinus extending back from the mentum, la-
bial palpi small, clavate, maxillary palpi geniculate, clavate, the apical joint
longest, mandibles 3-toothed, two sharp teeth at the point with a furrow
between their bases, caused by the extension of the teeth into elevations
on the mandibles, the other tooth near the middle, short, with a broad base
affording a long cutting surface, outer edge of the mandible curved ; tho-
rax slightly hairy, semicircular, narrower than either the head or abdomen;
trochanters and femurs smooth with a very few scattering hairs, lower part
of the tibia and all of the tarsi hairy, claws light brown ; abdomen egg-
shaped, slightly compressed above and below, smooth, sparsely hairy.

Length 0.16, head 0.04, 0, 08 inch.

Soldier. AntenniB 11-jointed, first joint longest, the next a little short-
er and the third still shorter, remaining joints nearly equal and somewhat
egg-shaped, mandibles smooth, sharp pointed and crossing near their apices,
light brown about one-third of their length near the base, the remainder
dark brown, a small tooth about midway on the inner margin ; head oval,
smooth above, a little hairy in front, rounded back and extending slightly
over the thorax, the under suaface has a deep sinus posteriorly ; there are
two light brown spots (eyes?) in front, one just above the base of each an-
tenna; thorax, abdomen and legs similar to those of the worker. Length
0.14, head including mandibles 0.08, mandibles 0.04.

Female? Head above pale yellow, beneath, thorax, margins and sides
of the abdomen and legs white, the remainder of the abdomen ash-colored
or a dirty white, mouth and mandibles light brown, mandibles triangular,
3-toothed, teeth smaller and sharper than those of the worker, ocelli near
the middle of the sides of the head, eye» in front above and anterior to
the base of the autennai; front prominent, raised and slightly hairy; po.s-
terior part of the head rather flat at top, rounded backwards but not pro-
jecting over the thorax, smooth ; thorax subcylindrical, upper side covered

181)2.] 215

with nulunentary wings, eularged backwards into the abdomen; legs short ;
abdomen oblong, smooth, segments nine, largely furrowed or wrinkled; pos-
teriorly rounded and obtuse.

These females (?) were quite numerous (one-eighth to one-tenth of the
whole community) in a large nest on the top of a hill in the northern part
of San Saba County, late in the autumn of 1860. Again the following
spring, I found them with the wings little if any enlarged ; they crept ra-
ther slowly, endeavouring to escape into the inner recesses of the den. In
these nests I also found forms evidently in a growing state, head rudimen-
tary or none, legs none, anterior portion small and rather pointed ; abdo-
minal or posterior part large and obtuse.

Lampasas, San Saba and the adjoining counties, Texas.

This species often has clay tubes four to six inches high above the sur-
face of the ground, interlacing and crossing each other at various angles,
and generally attached to grass or bushes ; these tubes are very thin and
from one-third to one-half an inch in diameter ; beneath these cylinders
they also have cells in the ground. At other times where the ground is
very dry, hard and unsuited to form tubes, they construct an irregular clay
mass three to four inches high, which is filled with winding passages.
Again I have found them beneath rocks on hill tops, in cells from which
there were holes leading to other cells below. In overturning rocks to
find ants, it sometimes happened that both ants and termites would have
their nests under the same rock ; then the ants on discovering the termites
would invariably seize them and drag or endeavor to drag them away, nor
would the termites make any resistance. At first I thought it strange
that the ants — which are very numerous in that section — did not extermi-
nate the termites which are also very common. I have often caught ants
and placed them at the entrance of a termites' den, especially these tube-
makers, but the ants on seeing the termes on gaurd, would always run
away, and in one instance when I thrust an ant within the door, the ter-
mes seized it and dragged it hack within.

Tebmes flavipes Kollar^ is the most abundant species of the genus
in Texas. Specimens from that locality are similar to those obtained in
the vicinity of Philadelphia.

216 [May

STATED MEETING, June 9.

Presideut Newman in the Chair.
Fourteen members present,

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Mr. Grote's paper read May I2th, reported in favor
of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

lOU specimens of Coleoptera, 4 Hymenoptera. and 2 Hemiptera
(for exchange), from Robert Nuttell.

40 specimens of Hymenoptera {Lophyms ahietis, Sdamlrla rossa^
Macrophya albomaculatus, Macrophya flavicoxse, Macropliya niger^ Tcn-
threclo ru/oj^ectus, Strongylogaster rufocinctus, Stronyylogaster terminalu,
Ophion biltneatus, Ophion jnirgatus^ from Edward Norton.

34 specimens of Coleoptera {Helodes nehuloms, Lycus craentas, Olytun
undulatus, Chrysumcla adonidis, Coccidula kpida), from E. T. Cressoii.

20 specimens of CoIjEOPTEUA {Callid(( smaragdina, Pelfis /erruginea,
Caipophihts Jloralis, Elater aj)icatus, Horia Stdnshurii, Crymodes disci-
coUiii, Crossidius jJuhhellus^ Acmseops hivilatfa, Leptura cnhnprniiis (bl'k
var.), Coscinoptera vittigerd)^ from John Pearsall.

9 specimens of Coleoptera {Cicindela hemorrlmgira, Lebia atripes,
Epirauta pharmacites, Pyrota Germart, Scaphinus sphser'icolli.s\ from
Dr. Samuel Lewis.

I specimen of Ortuoptera {Achcta rittaftts), from J. Frank Knight.

DONATIONS to LIBRARY. •

Prairie Fartifr {Chicago, 111?), No/;. 20 to 1':-! of Vol. !». From the
Editors.

Procei'dings of the Boston Society of Natyral Hiiitory. Inl. S, pagen
305 to 330. and Vol. 9, pagex 1 to 32. From the Society.

Smith sovid)! Riport for 1858. l)eposited by Dr. Samuel Lewis.

1862.] 217

Classification of the Coleoptera of North America {completion of Part
1), hy J. L. LeConte, M. D. From the Smithsonian Institution.

Descriptions of new species of Scolopendra, in the collection of the Acad-
emy (of Natural Sciences), by Horatio C. Wood, Jr. From the Author.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

A letter -was read from Col. Craig Biddle, dated Philadelphia, May 16,
18G2, acknowledging his election a% a Corresponding Member of the So-
ciety.

A communication was read from 31 r. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following Insects during May and June : —

*' Cicindela consentanea (black variety ofpatruela), on the Railroad back
of Gloucester, New Jersey.

Cotcdpa lanigera, on the Willow.

Nicagus obscurus and Cremastochilus Harrisii, on the eastern shore of
the Delaware River above Red Bank, N. J. Have not found these insects
flying when the weather is cold and windy.

Tabuda fulvipes. Collected 5 male specimens of this beautiful insect
' in New Jersey during the early part of last month (May), 4 of which were
captured a short distance back of Gloucester and the other in a wood near
Red Bank. This insect seems to frequent shady situations, where it is
exceedingly tame; when disturbed it flies but a few feet and immediately
squats to the ground, remains perfectly quiet and allows itself to be cap-
tured without further trouble to either party. It appears that this very
interesting species is not generally known to inhabit North America. Walk-
er described and figured it in his Diptera Saundersiana., with the locality
unknown to him, and Lcew and Osten Sackeu in their work on North
American Diptera now being published by the Smithsonian Institution,
do not mention the genus Tabuda as being found in North America, which
is a strong proof of a fresh and valuable discovery. This circumstance
has led me more firmly to the belief that New Jersey can yet reward a
careful collector with much valuable material, even within a few hours
walk of Philadelphia."

The following paper was presented for jiublicatiou in the Proceedings :
"Descriptions of certain species of Diurnal Jjepidoptera found within the
United States, figured in Doubleday's Genera but undescribed, by Wm.
H. Edwards."

And was referred to a Committee.

218 [Junk

new businkss.

Dr. Gr. H. Horn -presented his resignation as a member of the Com-
mittee on Coleoptera, which was read and accepted.

ELECTION.

Mr. Henry Feldman was unanimously elected a member of the Com-
mittee on Coleoptera. in the place of Dr. Horn resigned. "

Additions to the Catalogue of U. S. LEPIDOPTERA.
BY AUG. R. GROTE.

Under this title I propose to describe such species of U. S. Lepidoptera
which may be found to be unenumerated in the " Catalogue of the describ-
ed Lepidoptera of North America" published by the Smithsonian Insti-
tution; with reference also to subsequent publications..

In case any of my species should prove to be synonyms, I will cheerfully
acknowledge them as such and give the priority to the rightful author.

My thanks are due here to Mr. E. Richard Straznicky of the Aster Li-
brary N. Y. for his kind attentions.

NOCTU^.

Gen. CHERSOTIS Boisd.

C. plecta Linn. United States and Europe.

Anterior wings dark brown, silky, with a broad grayish band on the up-
per margin, extending from the base about three-quarters of the entire
length of the wing. At the base a deep black streak, and a second one
running as far as the outer grayish band, encloses two grayish spots of
which the outer one is bean-shaped and the inner spherical. Posterior
wings white; fringes light. Head, tegulae and body grayish; thorax dark
brown. Exp. li inch.

Ohs. This species, which is not uncommon in the vicinity of New
York, I find on comparison to be identical with the European C. plecta.
The position for this genus in the Catalogue is immediately after Nochm.

Gen. DYPTEEYGIA Steph.

D. pinastri Linn. United States and Europe.

Anterior wings brownish-black with two irregular black transverse lines

1802.] 2 lit

near the base. Beyond the outer line are two spherical spaces with black
borders, and at the lower corner of the outer margin is a grayish patch
continued on the hind margin and bordered on the inside by an irregular
black line which runs up to the upper margin of the wing. Posterior
wings dark gray with a darker wavy line and discal spot more apparent on
the under surface. Head and tegulae brownish-black; thorax light and body
dark gray, latter with a row of brownish tufts on the upper surface.
Exp. If inches.

Obs. A critical comparison of this species, taken in the vicinity of
New York, with specimens of the European D. pinastri has perfectly sat-
isfied me of their specific identity.

Gen. HELIOTHIS Ochs.

Antenn£B simple, threadlike. Palpi as long as the head, inclined up-
wards, third article minute. Anterior wings inconspicuously marked; pos-
terior pair with a dark band on the outer margin.

H. umbrosus nov. sp.

Anterior wings yellowish-gray crossed by several indistinct irregular
darker shaded lines. Discal spot blackish beyond which is a row of mi-
nute black dots one on each nervule running parallel with the outer mar-
gin of the wing and connected with each other by a faint waved line the
curvatures turned inward toward the base of the wing ; fringes dark. Pos-
terior wings yellowish-white without markings except a broad blackish
band running parallel with the outer margin and which is partly interrupt-
ed near the centre by a space of a similar color to the rest of the wing;
fringes white. Under surface of the wings pale showing the black discal
spot on the anterior wings plainly, outside of which is a blackish trans-
verse band and a small blackish streak near the upper margin. Under
surface of posterior wings immaculate except a faint blackish shade near
the outer margin. Head, thorax and tegulse yellowish-gray, darker than
the anterior wings. Body grayish, clothed at the sides with whitish hairs,
and darkening towards the tip. Exp. I2 inches.

A male; taken on Long Island, N. Y.

Ohs. Approaches to the European H. armigera which species has
however a discal mark on the posterior wings and is otherwise specifically
distinct. It appears also from the description of H. exjn'imcns Walker, (I.
B. M. Noctw p. 687, to have some resemblance with that species, but the
expressions " (alae anticse) orbiculari et reniformi magnis ferrugineo mar-
ginatis" and " (alae posticcie) Jitura discali" do not apply to the species
I have just described.

220 [JULY

S TAT ED MEETING, July U

President Newman in the Chair.
Fourteen members present.

REPORT OF COMMITTEK.

The Committee on Mr. Edwards' paper read June 9th, repi>rted iu i'uvor
of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

4 specimens of Hemiptera {Arma placidum Uhler (Type), Ecntato-
ma graminicolor) , 3 Coleoptera (^Cri/ptoJii/pmis funebris, Sphenosfhe-
thus serripennis, Monohammus dentato7-\ from John Pearsall.

4 specimens of Hemiptera {Plociomera nodosum, Tincjis liyalhia, Pi-
rates pictpeSj Ranatra fused), 2 Coleoptera ( Canthon vigilans'), from
James H. B. Bland.

3 specimens of Diptera ( Trypeta longipennis % 9 . Tubudu fidvipes
% ), from William Evett.

1 specimen of Diptera {Tetanocera flavesr.ens') , from Charles Wilt.

donations to library.

Prairie Farmer ( Chicago, 111.'), Nos. 24 to 26 of Vol. 9 and No. 1
of Vol. 10. From the Editors.

WRITTEN communications.

A letter was read from the Smithsonian Institution, acknowledging the
receipt of Vol. 1, No. 2 of the Proceedings of the Society.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings :
" Catalogue of the described species of North American Hymenoptera,
by E. T. Cresson."

And was referred to a Committee.

A communication was read from Mr. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following Insects, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, duri^ig tlune and
July : — Anom,ala hicicola on the Pine, IL/popldaus thoracicus, Hypulus
trifasciatus and Goes debilis on the Black Oak, Goes pulrrrnlcnfiis and
Piirpiiricernis liv,mernli>i on Reed Street wood-wharf, Callidiam (immimm

1862.] li-'l

on the Mulberry, Lcptnra ritbrica on flowers, Ilsemonia MeMwimeri on
the edge of water, Trupaneo tjundrdta in the open field.s. and Ncuroiica
semifasciata under a log.

NEW BUSINESS.

Mr. J. Frank Knight offered the following, which were unanimously
adopted : —

Resolved, That the thanks of the Society be presented to Mr. Charles
Wilt, for his kindness and liberality in granting the free use of the room
in which the Society has held its meetings during the past two years and
a half, and whereby the interests of the Society have been greatly advanced.

Resolved, That a copy of the foregoing Resolution be communicated to
Mr. Wilt.

The Chairman then announced that the next Stated Meeting of the
Society will be held in the new Hall at No. 518 South 13th Street, on the
11th of next month (August).

Descriptions of certain species of DIURNAL LEPIDOPTEKA found within the
United States, figured in Doubleday's Genera but undescribed.

BY WM. H. EDWARDS.

1. Aegynnis Astarte. 2. Melitaea Chalcedon.

3. Melitaea Anicta. 4. Timetes Couesia.

Argynnis Astarte Doubleday.

Mcde. Expands 2 inches. Upper side uniform tawny; hind margin of
both wings edged by a fine black line preceded at a small interval by a sec-
ond, on which rests a series of black lunules that enclose tawny spots ;
primaries have, as in Aphrodite, a transverse row of rounded black spots,
a ziszaff band, a mark like the letter P inverted in the arc, three bent
transverse lines in the cell and a sub-median black line. Secondaries have
a transverse row of small black spots and another of narrow black crescents;
in the cell a* recurrent black line. Under side inclining to buff; primar-
ies lightly tinged with brownish-red at base and on inner margin, with

2i'2 [July

same spots as above, but faintly colored ; the marginal spots next apex, to
the number of five or six, are silvered and two or three silver spots pre-
cede them on the oosta. Secondaries have the belt between the two outer
rows of silver spots pale buff and immaculate ; the basal part a little mot-
tled with pale red-brown, sometimes greenish ; the silver spots are twenty-
one in number, viz : a sub-marginal row of seven ; a second row of seven,
long oval, each edged with black ; a third row of four and three spots next
the base ; costa at base and abdominal margin lightly silvered.

Female. Expands 2 J inches; like the male except that the marginal
lines and lunules are heavier and are connected so as to present one broad
band.

Oregon ; California.

Meltt^a Chalcedon Doubleday: female figured.

Male. Expands 2 to 2] inches. Upper side black; primaries have
four rows of spots parallel to the hind margin ; the marginal small, round-
ed, deep red; the second row small, yellow; the third yellow and bifid on
costal margin, the inner branch being red; the fourth yellow more or less
replaced by red ; within the cell, a broad yellow bar ; a triangular spot of
same color next base, and a sub-median bar ; sometimes between the first
two are red streaks; costal edge brick-red.

Secondaries have a marginal row of deep red spots, sometimes obsolete,
preceeded by three rows of yellow ; the spots of the middle one smallest,
of the last elongate ; towards the base four large yellow spots.

Under side: primaries brick-red; a submarginal row of yellow lunules,
obsolete nest inner angle ; a second row of rounded yellow spots ; a small
spot on costa, and a bar edged before with black, outside the arc ; in the
cell, three wavy, transverse, black lines.

Secondaries covered with bands of red, a shade deeper than on primaries,
and of yellow ; the hind margin I'ed ; a sub-marginal row of yellow lunu-
les ; a second of rounded red spots, each more or less ringed with yellow ;
a third of large yellow spots, cut unequally towards the costa by a Ijlack
line ; next this, a red band ; and above, on a red ground, five yellow spots,
besides one at the base on costa ; abdominal margin yellow.

Body black above, beneath yellow ; a dorsal and two lateral rows of yel-
low points ; the segments of the abdomen fi'inged with red ; legs, palpi
ami antennae red.

Female. Expands 20 inches; primaries broader than in male and much
more rounded on hind margin; on the upper side, except at the mai'gin,

18<)2.] 228

yellow replaces the red and the spots are more conspicuous ; the color of
the under side rather more vivid than in the male.
Rocky Mountains; California.

Melit^a Anicia Doubleday.
Expands about 2 inches.

Male. Upper side black, nearly covered by brick-red and pale yellow
spots, most of which are disposed in transverse rows ; primaries have the
marginal row of red lunules; the second of smaller lunules, pale red tin-
ged with yellow; the third of rounded yellow spots; the fourth of large
red angular spots and bifid on the costa, the inner branch being yellow ; a
red spot on the arc within, followed by a yellow bar and two red spots,
the one next the base tinged with yellow ; on inner margin a yellow bar
precedes the bifid row and at the base are two or three small red spots ;
costal edge red.

Secondaries have the first and second rows as in primaries; the third,
of large, lunular, red spots; and the fourth, of yellow, elongate spots more
or less replaced by red ; sometimes the third and fourth rows are united
on costal margin ; a red bar borders the are within, and in the cell are
fiwo yellow spots, sometimes a red spot between them, and a third yellow
spot on abdominal margin ; fringe of both wings alternate white and black.

Under side : primaries red, a shade paler than above; hind margin bor-
dered by red lunules, preceded by small yellow lunules and a row of round-
ed yellow spots ; upon the sub-costal nei'vure rest two abbreviated yellow
bars, one without, and the other within the cell, each edged on either side
by a wavy black line ; another such line nearer the base, in the cell, and
one below on inner margin.

Secondaries covered with alternate bands of red and yellow ; the hind
margin red ; a sub-marginal row of yellow lunules ; a second of red spots
edged with yellow ; a third of angular yellow spots divided unequally by
a black line ; preceding this, a red band, and beyond to the base, upon a
red ground, four large yellow spots and another at the base on the costa.

Body black above, the segments of the abdomen fringed with red ; be-
neath yellow ; legs and palpi red ; antennae and club dull red.

Female: a little larger than male ; color less vivid; primaries broader
with hind margin more rounded as in Chalcedon.
Kansas ; Rocky Mountains ; California.

The under side of Anicia is very like Chalcedon. It is distinct from
Editha^ of Boisduval, with which it has been confounded.

224 • [July

TiMETES CoRESiA Doubleday.

Marpesia Zerynthia Hubuer.

Expands 2f inches.

Primaries triangular ; costa much arched towards apes ; hind margin
sinuate ; secondaries tenninatiug in a long straight tail, with a shorter tail
near the anal angle.

Upper side dark velvety brown, a shade lighter at the base; hind mar-
gin yellowish-brown ; a sub-apical dark patch on primai-ies ; both wings
have a sub-marginal black line, on the inner side of which is a faint brown
line ; they are nearly obsolete on primaries ; at the anal angle, a black lu-
nule ; tail tipped with white.

Under side : the outer half of both wings glossy brown with a voilet
lustre, dentated on the inner side and edged with black ; proceeding this
is a narrow common band of reddish-brown .that extends from middle of
costa of primaries to the anal angle ; beyond to base, satin-white, with two
fine wavy yellowish lines running nearly across the wings, and a similar
abbreviated line near the base of primaries; along the hind margin, a red-
dish line ; the anal lunule edged with white atoms and a second dark lu-
nule in the brown space near the other.

Body above dark brown, below white; palpi white; antennae and clul
dark brown, the latter tipped with reddish.
Texas.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.
Vol. 1. AUGUST AND SEPTEMBEIl, 1862. No. 8.

STATED MEETING, August IL

Vice-President Bland in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Mr. Cresson's paper, read July I4th. reported in
favuv of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

50 specimens of coleoptera (^Ctc!ii<ldu maryinipeams, Pasimachvs
(h'pressKs, Dicsehi,^ (Jilataiiis, Osmoderma scahra^ AncylocMra rufipcs,
Phc/h'dins coDiufus^ Dacne heros), 3 diptera (^CJuysopi/a onmta'). 2
LEPIDOPTERA {Ceratocompa imperiaUs). and 1 IIYMENOPTERA {Feltastes
pollicincforina). from Thomas Cox.

6 specimens of coleoptera (^GoryniJiitcx niicinis. Ti/Jonotns himaada-
fns, Cacojjlia pniinosa^, from Henry Feldmau.

4 specimens of coleoptera {Dronihi^ i>!rrm, Hclopa (imencanas),
from Charles F. Parker.

226 [August

3 specimens of COLEOPTERA (Dorcas mazamris, Trox scutellaris, Molor-
chus meUitus 9 ), from Charles Wilt.

1 specimen of COLEOPTERA {Pogonocherus mixtus), from Jas. Ridings.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History^ Vols. 1 to 8
inchisive. Deposited by Dr. T. E. Wilson.

Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois, hy Benj. D. Walsh. From
the Author.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philada., Vol. 13.
From Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Prairie Parmer {Chicago, lll-\ Nos. 2 to 6 of Vol. 10. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 9, pages
33 to 64. From the Society.

Charter, Constitution and By-laws of the Burlington County Lyceum
of History and Natural Science, at Mount Holly, New Jersey. From
the Lyceum.

Proceedings of the Society for May, June and July, 1862. From
the Publication Committee.

Since the receipt of the Act of Incorporation, certified by the Deputy
Secretary of Pennsylvania — which was accepted by the Society — another
copy beautifully engrossed on parchment, handsomely framed, and signed
by Grovernor A. Gr. Curtin and Eli Slifer, Secretary of Pennsylvania, has
been received and presented to the Society this evening by Dr. Thos.
B. Wilson.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read from the Smithsonian Institution, acknowlediiint'' the
receipt of Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 4 of the Proceedings of the Society.

A communication was read from Mr. Evett, reporting the capture of
the following Insects in the vicinity of Philadelphia, during .July and
^Vugust : — Conojis tihialis, Conops Sagittarius, on flowers; Midas r.lava-
tus, Dasypogon discolor, Laphria tergissa, Laphria ghihrata, Tahanus
lineola, Baccha fuscipennis, in the open fields; Anthrax Simson, on fen-
ces; Alaus myops :- In March, LSG2, collected near the city, in an old

18G2.] --"

pine stuniji, several larva; antl iniagos of this insect. The lavvai were
put in glass bottles filled with moist pine saw-dust and corked tight. Only
one imago was raised, the failure in raising more is attributed to careless-
ness. The larva, when captured, was about L] inches long and ] inch
wide, nearly the same wndth throughout its entire length and somewhat
flattened. Head and thorax dark brown, becoming gradually lighter to-
wards the end of the abdomen. The larva began to change to pupa-state
about the 25th of July and the imago appeared about the 7th of August,
being in pupa-state about two weeks. Color of pupa white, when young.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings:
'' Additions and corrections to the paper entitled ' On the Cyiiipidae of the
North American (3aks and their Galls,' by Baron H. Osten Hacken."

And was referred to a Committee.

ELECTIONS.

Messrs. John Bolton and James H. Poe, of Portsmouth, Ohio, were
elected CorrespondiiKj Mi")nbrn< of the Society.

Catalogue of the described species of North American HYMENOPTERA.

BY E. T. CRESSON.

(Continued from page 211.)

Fam. CHALCIDID.E.

LEUCOSPIS Fabr.

affinis Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 327. Pennsylvania.
basalis Klvg, MSS. Westw. Germar's Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, 1, p. 264. IST. Am.
fraterna Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 269. Indiana.
integra Hald. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. 2, p. 63. (Penn.)
Klugii We-stw. Germar's Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, 1, p. 249; tab. 3, fig. 1. Mex.
Poeyi Gucr. Icon. Reg. An. 3. p. 414. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, tab. 18, fig. 4. Cuba.
Shuckardi Westwood, Ent. Mag. 2, p. 214. Germ. Zeits. Eiit. 1, 241. North America,
subnotata Westwood, Entomological Magazine, 2, p. 215. Nova Scotin.

SMIERA Spinola.
Ampyx Walker, Ann. k Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, 'o, p. 129. We.^t Indies.

eaptiva Hmiik, Trans. Eiitoiu. Soc. of Lond. 'ivd series, vol. 1, p. 42. Panama.

Fidius Walker. Ann. k Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, 5, p. 129. West Indies.

fulvescens Walker, Entomological Magazine, vol. 2, \^. 2.5. Xortli America.

Lamyrus Walker, Entomologist, p. .'i37. Mexico.

nigrifex Walk. Ent. Mag. vol. 2, p. 22. Brit. Mus. Cat. (Chalcidites) p. 2. Georgia.

Pratinas Walker. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, 5, p. 130. West Indies.

Pylas WaJkcr, Entomologist, p. 337. Brit. Mus. Cat. Chalc. p. 3. Mexico.

side Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e se'r. 1, p. 145. Florida.

subpunctata M^ilkcr. Entomological Magazine, vol. 2. \). 25. St. Vincent's.

EPITRANUS Walker.
fulvescens Walker. Ejitomological Magazine, 2, 20. St. Viaceut'.s.

CHALCIS Fabr.

albifrons Walsli. Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois, p. 37, tig. 8. Illinois.
amoena >SV/'/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 270. Indiana,
aniiulipas Walker, Entomological Magazine, vol. 2, p. 29. St. Vincent's,
debilis Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vul. 1, p. 271. Indiana.
Lasnierii Guer. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 412; tab. 67, fig. 4. Cuba,
maculata Fahr. Eut. Sy.st. 2. 198. Walker, (Smiera) Entomologist, p. 218. N. York,
microgaster Saij, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 326. Pennsylvania,
minuta Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 195. Walk. Brit. Mus. Cat. (Chalcidites) p. 5. Georgia,
nigricornis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Supplement, p. 243. North America,
octonotata Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
ovata S<ii/. Ldug's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 32l!. Ohio. Pennsylvania.

PHASGONOPHORA Wc.-it\v.
sulcata W(siir. Grill. Auim. King. 15, 432; t. 77. f. 2. Walk. Eutom. p. 219. Georgia.

HOCKERIA Lap.

onatas Walker. Auu. S<ic. Eut. France, 2e scr. 1, j). HO. Flnrida.
perpulclira Walsh. Insects injurious to vegetati<iu in Illinois, 2>. 42. Illinois.
xanticles Walker. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 147. Florida.

NOTASPIS Walker.
formiciformis Weilk. Entomological Magazine, 2, p. ;!S : pi. F, fig. 1. St. Vincent's.

EURYTOMA Illig.

abatos Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, 152. Florida.

cretlieis Walker. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, 150. Florida.

falvipes Fitch, Journ. New York State Agric. Society, 9, 116. New York.

hecale Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France. 2e ser. 1 , 151. Florida.

Hordei Harris, New England Farmer, July. 1830. New England.

Iphis Walker, British Museum Catalogue, Chalcidites, Pt. 1, Append. 85. Florida.

lanulae Fitch. Fifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York. p. 37. New York.

oibiculata .SVn/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 272. Indiana.

pythes Walker. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, 151. Florida.

Secalis Fitch. American Agriculturist. New York, August, 1861, p. 235. N. York.

1S62.] 220

studiosa aS'^j/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 272. Indiana.

teredon Walker, Ann. Soc. Eut. France, 2e ser. 1. 153. Florida.

Tritici Fitch. Journ. New York State Agric. Society, 9, 115. New York.

DECATOMA Spinola.
Oretilia Wa/kir. Annals of Natural History, vol. 12, p. 46. St. Vincent's.

MEGASTIGMUS Dalm.
Pinus I'arjitt, Zoologist, vol. 15. ji. 5543. California.

TORYMUS Dalm.

amethystinus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
azaleae Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2ud edition. Mass.
ocreatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 275. Indiana,
parvidus Sny, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 275. Indiana,
semiauratus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

CALLIMOME Spinola.

M& Walker. Annals of Natural History, 12, p. 104. New York.

Cecidomyae Walker, Annals of Natural History, 14, ]>. 15. Hudson's Bay.

lissus Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 150. Florida.

theon Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 149. Florida.

splendidus Bamston. MSS. Walker. Ann. Nat. Hist. 14. p. 14. Hudson's Bay.

OEMYRTJS Westw.
labotus irrt//iT/', Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 148. Florida.

CHIROCERUS Latr.
furcatus Wrstu-. Brulle, Hymen, pi. 38, fig. 5. La8a(jra, Hist. Cuba. \i. 702. Cuba.

PERILAMPUS Latr.

Alexinus Walker, British Museum Catalogue, Chalc. Ft. 1, Append. 89. .Georgia.

cyaneus Brulle, Hymenopteres, p. 573 ; tab. 39, fig. 3. Carolina.

Entellus Walker. Annals of Natural History, 12, p. 103. Ohio.

hyalinus <SV/y, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 79. Pennsylvania.

Lepreos Walker, British Museum Catalogue, Chalc. Ft. 1, Append. 89. Georgia.

platigaster Sni/. Boston Journal of Natural History; vol. 1, p. 274. Indiana.

triangularis Sai/. Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1. p. 78. Indiana.

IDARNES Walker.
Carme Walker. Annals of Natural History, 12. }>. 47. St. Vincent's.

SPALANGIA Latr.

politus Sdi/. ('ontril)Utions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, j). 79. Virginia.
querci-lanae Fifrh. Fiftli Rejmrt on the Noxious Insects of New York, j(. ;>t>.

230 [August

MACROGLENES Westw.

querci-globuli Fitch. Fifth Report on the Noxiois Insects of New York. \). 32.
querci-pisi Fitch. Fifth Report on tlie Noxious Insects of New York. p. ?)9.

PAPHAGUS Walker.
Sidero Walker, Annals of Natural History, 12, p. 48. St. Vincent's.

LAMPROTATUS Westw.

cyrnus Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 157. Florida.
Diaeus Walker, Annals of Natural History, 14. j). Ifi. Hudson's Bay.
habis Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 155. Florida,
salemus Walker, ib 156. Florida.

trypherus Walker. ib 15S. Florida.

PACHYNEURON Walker.

albutius Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 158. Florida.

MICROMEIUS Walker.

cyrene Walker. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 154. Florida.

GLYPHE Walker. ,

viridascens Walsh. Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois, p. .38, fig. 9. Illinois.

NORBANUS Walker,
dysaules Walker. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 159. Florida,
pisius Walker. ib 160. Florida.

METOPON Walker.
deipbon Walker, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2e ser. 1, p. 101. Florida.

PTEROMALUS Swederus.
arctiae Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
bicolor Swederus. Walker, (Eupleetrus) Brit. Mus. Cat. Chalc. p. 67. St. Vincent's.
Cassotis Walker, Annals of Natural History, 19, p. .39.3. North America.
clisiocampae Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
Cratylus Walker. Annals of Natural History, 19, p. 392. North America.
Damo Walker,
Dipsas Walker.
Doryssus Walker.
Dymnus Walker.
Epicles Walker,
Eryx Walker.
Eurypon Walker.
Euthymus Wa/krr.
Helice Walker.
Hermeas Walker.
Hybreas Walker,
Lausus Walker.

ib

395.

ib

ib

394.

ib

ib

395.

ib

ib

397.

ib

ib

394.

ib

n>

397.

■

ib

'ib

398.

ib

ib

393.

ib

ib

12, p. 46.

St.

Vincent's.

ib

19. ]). 394.

North America,

ib

397.

ib

ib

392.

ib

1^<()2.] 231

lepturus Hai-ris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2n(l edition. Mass.
obesus ITnrris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
(Eax Walker, Annals of Natural History, 19, p. 395. North America.
onerati Fitch. Fifth Report on the Ni>xious Insects of New York, p. 32. N. York.
Orontas Walker. Annals of Natural History, 19, p. 396. North America.
querci-pilulae Fitch. J^ifth Report on the Noxious Insects of New York, p. 39.
Timaea Walker, Annals of Natural History, 19, p. 396. North America.
vanessae Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

LELAPS Ilaliday.
pulchricornis Holiday, Trans. Entom. Soc. of London, vol. 3, p. 300. St. Vincent's.

EPISTENIA Westw.
coeruleata Westio. Griff. An. Kingd. 15, 432, pi. 77, fig. .1 Walk. B. M. C. Georgia.

EUPELMUS Dalm.

Epicaste Walker, Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 20. North America.
Fonteia Walker, ib 19. ib

Lamachus Walker, ib 20. ib

METAPELMA Westw.
spectabilis Westwood, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1835, p. 69. Georgia.

ENCYRTUS Dalm.

Bolus Walker, Annals of Natural History, U, p. 17. Hudson's Bay.

Flaccus Walker, (Cerchysius) ib 20, p. 21. North America.

Gargaris Walker, ib 12, p. 47. St. Vincent's.

Gastron Walker, ib 20, p. 21. North America.

Hyettus ira/Ae;-, (^Enasius) ib 17, p. 181. St. Vincent's.

Reate Walker, ib 20, p. 22. North America.

Vectius Walker, ib 21. ib

ERIOPHILUS Hald.
mali Hald. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 6, p. 403. Penn.

CLOSTEROCERUS Walk.
Damastes Walker, Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 22. North America.

ENTEDON Dalm.

Herillus Walker, (Euderus) Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 23. N. America.

Imbrasus Walker, ib 23. ib

Sardus Walker, (Horisinenus) ib 23. ib

EUPLECTRUS Westw.
Furnius Walker, Annals of Natural Histoiy, 12, p. 48. St. Vincent's.

ELACHESTUS Spinola.
Levana Walker. Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 27. North America.

232

[August

EULOPHTJS Geoff.
basalis >S'«y. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 273. Indiana.
Calavius Walker. Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 24. North America.
Cyriades Walker, ib 25. ib

dicladus >Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 273. Indiana.
Gobryas Walker, Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 26. North America.
hirciiius Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 27i. Indiana.
Iphinoe Walker. Annals of Natural History, 20, p. 25. North America.
Minio Walker. ib 25. ib

Minyas Walker, ib 26. ili

CIRROSPILUS Westw.
Eunapius Walker, Annals of Natural Histoi-y, 20. p. 27. North America.

TETRASTICHTJS Haliday.

Epidius Walker, Annals of Natural History, 20, i). 28. North America.
Gala Walker, ib 28. ib

granulatus Walker. ib 14, p. 17. Hudson's Bay.

Haemon Walker, ib 20, p. 28. North America.

ACRIAS Walker.
Nileus Walker. Annals of Natural History. 20, p. 20. North America.

Fam. PROCTOTRUPIL)^.

PSILUS Jurine.

abdominalis Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 283. Indiana,
apicalis Saj/. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 283. Indiana.
brevicornis Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 328. St. Peter's River,
ciliatas iSai/, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 80. Indiana.
colon »S'ay, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 284. Indiana,
obtusus Sai/, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 80. Indiana,
terniinatus Sar/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 282. Indiana.

SERLION Lair.
terminalis Say. Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. J, j). 8li. Indiana.

COPTERA Say.
polita Say. Boston .biurual of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 282. Indiana.

CINETUS Jurine.
mellipes Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. ji. 27ti. Indiana.

PROCTOTRUPES Latr.
abruptus Say. Boston .louiiial >>{' Natural llist<vry. vol. I. p. 27S. Indiana.

1862.]

2nn

caudatus !Sai/, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. :VI'J. North-west 'I'eiritory.
obsoletus Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I. p. 277. Indiana.

CODRTJS Jurine.
pallidus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, j). 80. Indiana.

ANTEON Jurine.
tibialis Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I, p. 284. Indiana.

DRYINUS Latr.
bifasciatus Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 8L Indiana,
planiceps Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 201. Americae InsuIis("West Indies?).

BETHYLTJS Latr.
armiferus Sm/, Contributions to ^laclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 80. Indiana,
cellularis Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 279. Indiana,
centratus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 281. Indiana,
musculus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 280. Indiana,
pedatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 280. Indiana,
rufipes Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 329. North-west Territory.

EPYRIS Westw.
aurichalcea King, MSS. Weshv. Introduction, vol. 2. p. 180. Cuba.

TELENOMUS Haliday.
Apitius Walka; Annals of Natural History, 12, p. 48. St. Vincent's.

CERAPHRON Jurine.

armatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 276. Indiana,
platycephalus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
stigmatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 277. Indiana.
Triticum Taylor, American Agriculturist, New York. October, 1860, j). 300. fig. I.

SPARASION Latr.
famelicus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 276. Indiana.

PLATYGASTER Latr.
pallipes Say. Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 80.

Fain. (1HRY8I1>^.

HEDYCHRUM Latr.

asperum Brullc, Hynienopteres, p. u2. North America,
dimidiatum Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 330. rennsylvaiiia.
janus Hald. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. 2, p. 53. (Penn.)
obsoletum Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 284. Indiana,
sinuosum Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 82. Indiana.

234 [August

speculum f^aij, Boston ^Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 285. Indiana,
ventrale Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 330. Pennsylvania.
violacenm Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 51. North America.

CHEYSIS Fabr.

cserulans Lep. BrulU, Hymenopteres, p. 37. North America.

carinata Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 82. Indiana.

coerulans Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 172. Carolina.

insularis Guer. Rev. Zool. 18-42, p. 148. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, tab. 18, fig. 5. Cuba.

iutricata BrulU, Ilymenojiteres, p. 25. Philadelphia.

maculata Fabr. Eutomologia Systematica, Suppl. p. 258. Amer. Insulis (W. Ind?).

mexicana Gucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 418; tab. 68, fig. 9. Mex.

mucronata Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 45. Mexico.

nitidula Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, 243. Brullc, Hymen, p. 38. IT. States.

pacifica Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 82. Indiana.

pensylvanica Brullc, Hymenopteres, j). 24. Philadelphia.

rastellum Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 32. Mexico.

sexdentata Fabr. Brullc, Hymenopteres, p. 25. North America.

smaragdula Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 239. North America.

truncata Gucr. Revue Zoologique, 1842, p. 146. North America.

PYEIA St. Farg.
tridens St. Farg. Encyclopedic Methodique, Insects, 10, p. 495. United States.

Fam. CRABRONID.^.

NYSSON Latr.

aurinotus Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 368. Indiana,
laterale Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
5-spinosus Say. Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 78. Arkansa.

BICYRTES St. Farg.
Servillii St. Fargcau. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 53. Philadelphia.

ASTATA Latr.
bicolor Say. Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 78. Arkansa.
unicolor Say. Long's Second Exped. 2, p. 337. Smith, B. M. C. 4, t. 8. f. 1. Missouri.

OXYBELUS Latr.
emarginatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 375. Indiana,
impatiens Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 390. California,
laetus Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 375. Indiana.
4-notatus Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 338. Pennsylvania.

TRYPOXYLON Latr.
albitarse Fabr. Sysl. Piez. p. 180. Bcauv. Ins. Afr. et Am. i 15. Hym. \)l. 3, f. 1. U. S.

1802.] 2:{r)

atritarse Jlarrii, Catalogue of (h(> Insects of Massachvisetts, 2ii(l wlition. Mass.
carinatus Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. ."iTt. Indiana,
clavatus Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. .374. United States.
collinum jSmith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 381. Florida,
excavatum Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 380. Jamaica,
frigidum Sinlfh, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 380. Hudson's Bay.
fuscipeunis Fahr. Syst. Piez. 181. Beauv. Ins. Afr. Am. 115, Hym. t. 3, f. 2. Carolina,
politus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I, p. 373. Indiana,
subimpressum Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p, 380. . St. Domingo.
unicolor Bcauv. Insects Afr. et Amor. j). IK), Hym. jil. 3, fig. 3. Carolina.

PSEN Latr.

leucopus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 370. Indiana.
mellipes Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 369. Indiana.

MIMESA Shuck.
borealis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 431. Hudson's Bay.

ALYSON Jurine.

melleus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 380. Indiana-.
oppositus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 380. Indiana.

GORYTES Latr.

apicalis Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, p. 309. Georgia.
bipuuctatus Say, Long's Second E.x.i)edition, vol. 2, p. 338. Pennsylvania,
divisus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 370. Georgia,
fulvipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 367. United States.
nigrifrons Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 368. Nova Scotia,
phaleratus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 367. Indiana,
placidus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 368. Florida.
rufipes Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 369. Florida,
simillimus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 367. Nova Scotia.

CRABRO Fabr.

advena Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 421. Nova Scotia,
arcuatus Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 377. Indiana,
argus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
aurifrons Smith, -British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 420. Georgia,
chrysargyrus St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Entom. France, 3, p. 711. Philadelphia,
collinus Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 420. Florida,
complanatus Say. Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
confertus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
confluentus S<(i/. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 376. Indiana,
decemmaculatus Say, Western Quarterly Rejiorter, vol. 2, p. 78. Missouri.
famelicus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
frigidus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 419. North America,
glauconotatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
gryphus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

236 [August

hilaris Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 416. Florida,
latipes Smiih. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 396. Nova Sootia.
maculatus Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 295. North America,
maculipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 417. Hudson's Bay.
obscurus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, j). 418. Hudson's Bay.
pegasus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
pusillus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
scutellatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. .341. Pennsylvania,
sexmaculatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. .341. Pennsylvania,
singularis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 417. North America,
tibialis Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 340. Pennsylvania,
tricinctus Fahr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 313. America Insulis (West Indies?),
trifasciatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 342. North-west Territory.

CERATOCOLUS St. Farg.
rufipes St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Entom. France, 3, p. 741. Carolina.

SOLENIUS St. Farg.

craesus St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3, p. 727. Cuba.

interruptus St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3, p. 710. Philadelphia.

scaber St. Farg. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3, p. 715. Philadelphia.

STIGMUS Jurine.
fraternus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2. p. 340. Pennsylvania,
parallelus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 378. Mexico,
pusillus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 378. Indiana.

PEMPHREDON Fabr.

annulatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 379. Indiana,
concolor Say, Long's Second E.xpedition, vol. 2, p. 339. North-west Territory.
inornatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 339. Pennsylvania.
marginatus Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 379. Pennsylvania.

PASSALCECUS Shuck.
cuspidatus Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, p. 427. Hudson's Bay.

MELLINUS Fabr.
bimaculatus Harris, Catalogue of tlie Insects of Massacliusetts, 2nd edition.

PHILANTHUS Fabr.

barbatus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 473. North America,
caiialiculatus Say, West. Quar. Re]!. 2. p. 79. American Entomology, pi. 49. Ark.
crabroniformis Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, p. 474. Califorui:i.
erratus Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition. Mass.
frigidus Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, p. 475. Nova Scotia.
impunctatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
obsoletus Ha7-ris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
politus Say, Long's Second Exped. 2, p. 343. American Entomology, pi. 49. Perm.
punctatus Say. Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2. p. 342. Pennsylvania.

18Gl\] 2:^7

solivagus Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. ;?83. Indiana,
vertilabris Fair. Syst. Piez. p. .303. Sai/, American Entomology, pi. 4'.t. Carolina,
viatus JTan-is, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nil edition. Mass.
zonatus Sai/, West. Quar. Rep. 2, 79. Sai/, American Entomology, i)l. 4'J. Arkansa.

CERCERIS Latr.
baridius Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Masa.
bidentata Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 80. Arkansa.
bicornuta Gucr. Iconographie due Rogne Animal, 8, p. 443. New Orleans,
clypeata Dahlb. Ilym. Europ. 1, 221. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Ilym. 4. 465. N. Amor,
deserta Sai/, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 344. Missouri. Pennsylvania.
Dufourii Gucr. Iconographie duo Regno Animal, 3, p, 444. New Orleans,
elegans Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Ilym. 4, p. 4G7. Florida.
frontata Sai/, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. SO. Arkansa.
fumipennis Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 381. Indiana,
laevigata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Ilym. 4, p. 405. St. Domingo,
nigrescens Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 466. Nova Scotia.
Perboscii Gucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 444. Campcche.
rufopicta Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 467. Florida,
sexta Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 382. Missouri.
verticalis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 466. Georgia.

CHEILOPOGONUS Westw.
punctiger Wcfitw. Zoological Magazine, vol. 5, p. 441, pi. 22, fig. 4. Indiana.

Fam. LAERID^.

LARRA Fabr.
abdoniinalis Saj/. Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 77. Arkansa.
analis Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 220. Carolina.

argentata Beauv. Insects Afr. et Amer. p. 119, Hym. pi. 3. fig. 9. Pennsylvania,
aurulenta Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 220. Carolina.

fuliginosa Dahlb. Hym. Europ. 1, 138. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. 4, p. 288. Cuba,
moneduloides Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 346. Florida,
pensylvanica Bcauv. Insects Afr. et Amer. p. 118, Hym. pi. 3. tig. s. Pennsylvania,
subita Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
tarsata Sai/. Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2. p. 78. Arkansa.

LARRADA Smith.
arcuata Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4. p. 293. Canada,
canescens Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym, 4, p. 292. Georjia.
distincta Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 292. New York,
fulvipes S7iiith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, ]>. 288. Jamaica. St. Domingo,
ignipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p, 288. St. Domingo,
laevifrons Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 291. Florida,
luctuosa Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, ji. 289. St. Domingo.

238 [Septembek

tenuicornis ^mith., British Museum Catalogue. Ilym. 4, p. 293. California,
terminata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 291. North America.
trifasciata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 290. St. Domingo.

LYROPS lUig.
fulviventris Gucr. Icon. R^g. An. 3, 440. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, tab. 18, fig. 9. Cuba,
peptica Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 371. Indiana.
subita Say, (Lyroda) Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 372. Indiana.
triloba Say, (Lyroda) Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 372.

TACHYTES Panz.

argentipes Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 300. St. Vincent's,
distinctus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 307. North America,
dives St. Fargeau, Hymeno]) teres, 3, p. 247. Carolina.
pagana Dahlb. Hym. Europ. 1, 132. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 4, p. 286. St. Crucis.

LIRIS Fabr.
tricincta Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 229. St. Thomas.

PISON Spinola.
laevis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 317. Georgia.

STATED MEETING, September 8.
Vice-President Bland in the Chair.

REPORT OF committee.

The Committee on Baron Osten Sacken's paper, read August lltli, re-
ported in favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET,

75 specimems of lepidoptera {Papilio thoa.<i, Papilio calchas, Pajniio
machaon, Pierismonusfa, Pieris leucodice % 9 > Antliocaris ausonin, Rho-
docera rhamni % 9 j GalliJrjjas marccllina^ CaUidryas eulnde, Colias
amj)hidusa, Colias csesonia, Terlas Jucnnda, Dam'as hcrenice^ Agraidis
vanillse, Anjynnis columhiua, Argt/nnls astarte, Nt/mphalis arthemis, Apa-
tura celtis, Neonymplia cantJieus, Debts 2^ortlandia, Libi/thea Bachinani,
Thecla halesus % 9 i Hesperia p>roteus, Nisoniades jtivcnalis., Nlsoniades
catidlus, Pamphila oUcus, Glaucopls pliohhs, Glaucopis epimenus, Thj/ris

1^02.] 2'}()

luijiilirh, T/ii/rriis Ahhofii, Sj)hiii.r chionmifJii, Splunx dlo^ Sphin.r Jafi7ni-
neaniin, Dm-ajisa versicolor^ Darapsa cJurriluSj Darapsa ]}am2)inafrix,
Phihimpelus vitla % 9 ■. Philampelun safcllitia, Snicrinfhns mi/ojis, Smerin-
thus geminatus, Smerinthus excsecafus, Sphinx oenofrus), from J. Ridings.

24 specimens of diptera (^Anisomera megacera, Erioptera chrysocoma,
Erioptera hirtipentiis, Bihio articnlata, Olirysojiila siiniUima, CJwi/sojnla
(piadrafa, Synechca simplex, Helophiliis chrysostonius, Sepedon armipes,
Xotipliila scalarix, Uydrellia scapularis), from E. T. Cresson.

19 specimens of lepidoptera ( Vanessa Miiberti, Trochiiium exitiosa,
Saturnia luna, Aglia to, Leucania vnipuncta^ from J. D. Wingate.

13 specimens of diptera (Bihio piaUipcs, Eupeitenns heteroptcrus, Ato-
mosia p>/gmsea, Milesia excentrica, CalUplwra erijthroccpyliala, Senometo-
pia miUtaris), from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

4 specimens of diptera {Thereva nigra, Syneches simplex, Clwysopila
rotundipennis, Leptis vcrtchratd), from William Evett.

2 specimens of lepidoptera (^l^ficits cT/n^/ita), 2 hymenoptera (^l/io-
malon analis^, from Edward J. Nolan.

3 specimens of coleoptera ( Cacoplia pruinosa, Distenia undata),
from Henry Feldman.

2 specimens of coleoptera (Sjrilotus 4-pnstuIatus), from W. Wenzel.

2 specimens of hymenoptera (Perilampus triangularis'), from Edward
Norton.

1 specimen of coleoptera {Cicindela ahdominalis'), from James H.
B. Bland.

donations to library.

S'ynojysis of the Neuroptera of North America. By Hermann Hagen.

1 Vol. 8vo. From William Evett.

Prairie Farmer (Chicago, 111.), JVos. 7 to 10 of Vol. 10. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 9, ptages
65 to 96. From the Society.

The following works were deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson : —

The Genera of Diurnal Lepidopttera. By Douhleday and Westwood.

2 Vols. Folio.

British Moths and their Transformations. By J. 0. Westicood. 2
Vols. 4 to.

240 [September

Illastratlons of Exotic Entomology. Bij Dm Dita-y. New Edition,
hy J. 0. Wcstivood. 3 Vols. 4 to.

Illustrations of new species of Exotic Butterflies By W. 0. Ilewitsoti.
2 Vols. 4 to.

Catalogue of Ilispidsc in the Collection of the British 3hiseum. Part

I. By Joseph aS'. B(dy. 8vo.

List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Walker. 20 Vols. 12mo.

Catalogue of Ilymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the Britislt
Museum. By Frederick iSmith. 7 Vols. 12mo.

Papillons Exotiques des trois parties du monde I'Asie, UAfrique et V
Amerique. Par Pierre Cramer. 4 Vols. 4 to.

Monograpliie des Coleopteres suhpentameres de la famille des Phyto-
phages. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. 2 Vols. 8vo.

Essai Mo}iographique sur les Clerites in.^cctes Coleopteres. Far M. Spi-
nohi. 2 Vols. Royal 8vo.

Monographic des Guepes Sociales,ou de la tribu des \ espiens. Par //.
Saussure. 1 Vol. 8vo.

31ojiograp>hie des Guepes Solitaires, on de la tritni des Eumeniens, Par

II. Saussure. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Monograpliie des Fausses Guepes, on de la trilm des Ma.'^ariens. P((r
II Saussure. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Iclincumonologia Europnea. Aactore J. L. C. Graeenhorst. o Vols.
8vo.

Ilistoire Naturelle des Insectes Ilymenopteres {Suites a Biijf'on). ]\ir
Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau. 4 Vols., and Atlas. 8vo.

Ilistoire Naturelle des Insectes Himipteres {Suites a Bujfon). Par Aniy-
ot et Serville. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Alonographie des Clivina et generes coisins. Par M. J. Putzeys. 1
Vol. 8vo.

Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean.
1 Vol. 8vo.

Coleopteres du Mexique. Par A. Chevrolat. 1 Vol. 12mo.

List (f the ."specimens of Ilymenopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. Chalcidites. By Francis Walker. 2 Parts. 12iiio.

List of the sp>ecimens of Homopteroas hisects in the Collection of thi-
Britisli JIuseum. By Francis Walker. 5 Vols. 12mo.

Revision de la famille des Cicindelides. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. 1
Vol. 8vo.

18(52.] IMI

Additions and corrections to the paper entitled:
"On the CYNIPID^ of the North American Oaks and their Galls."

BY BARON H. OSTEN SACKEN.

Since the publication of my paper on the ([i/nqndse, of the North Amer-
ican Oaks (Prcc. Entoni. Soc. Phihi. Oct. ISOl), I have had occasion to
make some additional observations, which serve to conipletc and often to
correct, the statements of that jiaper.

It ve(|uires a particularly favorable situation to be able to pursue obser-
vations of this kind with some hope of attaining a certain completeness.
My position in Washington, although aifording me some facilities, did not
always allow me to attain the accuracy which I desired. 3Iy removal to
New York will probably deprive me for a long time of any opportunity
of pursuing my observations. I prefer therefore, to publish now those I
have on hand, following the conviction, already expressed before, that ob-
servations of nature should be made known without waitiii"- too lontr for
their further accumulation. The reader favorably situated may perhaps
find among mine, incomplete as they are, some useful hints and suggestions.
The subject is so extremely interesting and attractive that it deserves more
attention than has been paid to it, not only in this country, but even in
Europe.

All the observations, recorded below, have been made in Washington,
unless otherwise mentioned.

Those who have paid any attention to the nomenclature of the oaks of
this country, are acquainted with the difficulties attending the recognition
of the species, chiefly of the red-oak group, if this recognition is to be
based upon single leaves or even young trees. Thus I became aware after
the publication of my paper, that the tree which I had called the red-oak
(^Q. ruhrci) was, hi moat cases ^ the scarlet-oak I^Q. coccinca), which seems
to be more abundant around Washington than the other. Most of the
galls, therefore, mentioned as found on the red-oak, belong very probably
to the other species. In some cases, I have been able to verify this fact,
last spring. Other cases, however, are still doubtful.

I. Additions to the paraoraphs on the Oak-Apple (Jalls.
( 1. c. No. 1 and No. :>. p. o(] and 58.)*

At the time of my })revious jaiblication, T todk for the gall of ('. roii-

* This paragraph supersedes the NN 1 and .3 of my former paper, except the
descriptions of C. q. acicu/ata and Synophriis /(criventris (1. c. p. 5(; and .i7), which
have not boon loprodiict'd liere.

242 [September

Jlucns Harris all the oak-apples tilled with a spongy substance, which I
found in the environs of Washington.

Already then, however, I noticed two varieties of this gall, the one with
a glossy, the other with an opaque surface (Compare 1. c. p. 56).

These two varieties proved since to occur on two different kinds of oaks
and therefore, very probably, to constitute two species, although the gall-
flies, obtained from them, hardly show any difference. The gall-fly from
the oak-apple No. 3 (1. c. p. 58), which I did not know at the time, but
for which I proposed by anticipation the name of C. q^. inanis, has also
been reared by me since, and likewise closely resembles the other two gall-
flies. Thus we have three (or perhaps four, as will be seen below) differ-
ent and easily distinguished oak-apple galls, occui-ing on diflFerent species
of the red-oak group, but all three producing uncommonly similar gall-flies.

The fourth oak-apple gall, peculiar to the same group of oaks, that of
O. q. aciculafa, discovered by Mr. Walsh, gives a totally different fly, as
the 9 bas 14- and not 13-jointed antennae.

I distingui.sh therefore, at present, the following oak-apple galls and
their gall-flies : —

Q. COCCINEA. Scarlet Oak? Larye^ more or less round gall, not at-
tenuated towards the basis; surface glossy ; shell thin and hrittle; on the
inside whitish filaments radiating from the kernel to the shell. Diameter
about an inch. C. Q. inanis (3. S. (Synon. 1. c. No. 8, p. 58, and pro-
bably C. confiuens Fitch, non Harris.)

Two 9 specimens obtained from the galls on the 20th of June, 1862,

answer to the following description : —

Head black, deeply, irregularly sculptured on the front and vertex; face finely
pubescent, rugose ; antennte 1.3-jointed, brown or reddish-brown, especially to-
wards the tip. Thorax black, deeply, irregularly rugose, finely and sparsely pu-
bescent; three deeper longitudinal furrows, converging towards the scutellum,
may be distinguished among this rugosity; their bottom is intersected by numer-
ous transverse ridges and wrinkles. These furrows are deepest and broadest near
the scutellum: the intermediate one is gradually attenuated towards the collareJ
the anterior end of the lateral ones, which runs towards the shoulders, can be seen
onh' when the insect is kept in a certain position towards the light. Near the an-
terior end of the intermediate furrow and parallel to it, there are smaller, rather
indistinct, longitudinal furrows and ridges. The pit at the basis of the scutellum
is large, divided in two by a longitudinal ridge; its Ijottom, although glossy, is
marked with transverse ridges. Abdomen brownish-red, glossy ; the large basal,
in reality the second, segment (see 1. c. p. 48, foot-note) is perfectly smooth, the
other segments show a minute punctation : (the posterior edge of the smooth seg-
ment shows traces of a similar iJUiictution. but they are so minute, as to be hardly

1862.] 24r»

visible, requiring a strong lens to be distinguished). Legs reddish-yellow, pubes-
cent, hind tarsi sometimes infuseated ; onychia black. Wings with a brownish-
black spot at the basis of the radial area; it slightly trangresses (he second trans-
verse vein, but does not touch the anterior margin oi' the wing.

I have found this gall more than once on young trees, belonging either
to Q. coccinea or Q. rubr<(. (The leaves were elongate, cuneate at the
basis and hardly or, at least, not deeply, sinuate ; this is, I believe, one of
the varieties of the scarlet oak,)

Among the specimens of my collection, I find a number of galls, col-
lected in one locality and somewhat different in shape from the typical
specimens of C. q. i)uaiis. The latter are more or less globular, the leaf
being, so to say, the tangent of the globe. There is no distinct point or
nipple on the top. The other gall, on the contrary, is somewhat lemon-
shaped, being attenuated at its basis with a corresponding elongation, end-
ing in a minute nipple, at the opposite end. Its color is more brownish
than that of C. q. iiianis; on the inside, I did not detect any difference
between both galls. The tree is also either the red, or the scarlet oak.
As twelve specimens of this gall, although of different size, all show the
same characters with distinctness, I can hardly believe that these are mere-
ly accidental. I obtained only parasites from this gall.

Q. COCCINEA. /Scarlet Oak. Lar<jt\ more or less round </all, not atten-
uated at the basis, surface (jlossi/, shell thin and brittle ; o)i the inside with
a spongy substance, surrounding a kernel in the centre. Diameter upwards
to an inch and a half. C. Q. coccinea 0. S. (Syn. C. confluens 0. S.
non Harris, ex parte; gall No. 1, 1. c. p. 56.)

The external appearance of this gall is very like that of the gall of C.
q. inanis. It is more or less globular (although irregular specimens of
both frequently occur), that is, not narrowed towards the basis; its sur-
face is glossy. Internally, it is easily distinguished by the spongy mass
which fills it. It seems to reach a larger size than the former gall, as
among six specimens now before me, one measures an inch and a half in
diameter and two others are but little smaller, whereas among eight spec-
imens of the gall of ('. q. inanis the largest does not much exceed an
inch.

From the following gall it is distinguished by its glossy surface, its less
dense and more whitish spongy internal matter, its much thinner and brit-
tle shell and by its shape, which is more rounded on the top. From this
gall I have obtained this year (about the 25th of June) only one 9 speci-
men, not showing any perceptible difference from 0. q^inanis, except that

-44 rSKPTEMBKR

the thorax is somewhat reddish, which is ]iroba})ly due to the immaturity
of the specimen.

Q. TINCTORIA. Black Oak. Large^ round gall, somervhat attenuated
and jjoinfed at the top ^ surface more or less opaque, as if powdered or
dusted; shell thick; inside, a. dense, sjjongi/, IrrmrntsJi substance, surrrjvndine/
the kernel. Diameter about an inch and a half. C. Q. spongifica 0. S.

This is the opaque variety mentioned 1. c. p. 56, under the head of
Cynijys confluens. On the 25th of May last I found four full-grown spec-
iinens of this gall on the leaves of a large black oak (^. tinrtrrria), and
have obtained, on June 15, three 9 specimens of the gall-fly. They look
exactly like C. q. inaiiis, only they are a little larger, (the gall being also
larger) ; the three grooves on the back of the thorax seem to be deeper
and more distinct on their anterior portion ; the posterior part of the scu-
tellum, immediately behind the pit, seems to be more deeply and distinct-
ly excised ; finally, the punctation on the hind margin of the large (2nd)
segment of the abdomen is somewhat more distinct.

Of these galls three, taken from a high branch of the tree, can be con-
sidered as typical specimens. They are slightly oblong, that is, somewhat
extended into a point at the end, although not narrowed at the basis.
Their diameter is about an inch and a half. Their color is drab, some-
times spotted with brown on one side ; the surface is more or less opaque,
as if powdered or sericeous, and shows very little gloss. The shell is
much thicker than that of the two previous species; the spongy mass is
more dense and brownish.

A fourth specimen, found on the same tree, is more irregular in its
shape; its sui'face is without any gloss and altogether drab, without brown
spots. Specimens of this kind ai"e frequently found on young shrubs of
Q. tinctoriti, the leaves of which are very rusty-puberulent beneath.

On a shrub of this kind, apparently also belonging to Q. tinctoria, I
found, liist June, three galls, resembling exactly those just described. I
cut them open iind obtained from two of them perfectly mature male
>^l>cc line IIS of Cynips; the third also contained a mature specimen, yet con-
tracted in the shape of a pupa and the abdomen of which was consumed
by parasitical hirvre.*

There is no reason to doubt that the two males thus obtained, belong
to ('. q. spDiKjifca ; but if not for the circumstance that they were found

* This fact i.-5 worth}' of romark, as it proves that some Icinds of 2iavasites be-
gin their attacks on\^ at a very hite stage of the development f)f tlie insect.

ill a similar gall, they might as well be taken for the males of the two
previous species, as the slight differences they show distinguish them alike
from the tlii'ee species of females.

These diff"erences, (besides their longer and 15-jointed antennae and a
smaller abdomen, both being peculiar to the sex) consist, as far as I could
perceive, only in the d((rk hroini, almost black, and not rrrf color of their
abdomen, in their infuscated hind tibia) and tarsi, in a somewhat deej^er
sculpture of tlie thorax and in a slightly more distinct punctatiou of the
abdomen. These male ([i/iiipx also resemble the C q. ra'fchs, except that
the latter is somewhat smaller and that the spot on its wing is also more
small and paler.

Q. TINCTORIA. Blark ixik. Lanjc. rnund (jnU^ hroad and rounded, (it
tlif titj) ; surface smooth and <jJos:ii/ ; sJic// thick; inside, a dense, hroion,
sponyij substance surroundine/ tlie kernel. Diameter upwards to an inch
and a half. C. Q. aciculata O. S. (Syn. C. confluens Harris ?)

This gall was communicated to me by Benj. D. AValsh Esq., in Rock
Island, 111.

The specimens which I received from him can at once be distinguished
from the gall of 0. q. sj_ton<jijica, by their smooth, glossy surface and their
subglobular or short-oval form, their basis being slightly attenuated, their
top, on the contrary, being broad and rounded. Otherwise, their thick
shell and their dense, brownish spongy substance reminds of C. q. s^iong-
ifca.

Mr. Walsh noticed their appearance in summer (about July). The gall-
flies usually remain in the gall through the winter and escape in the spring;
sometimes however, especially when the weather in the fall is unusually
warm, the flies leave the gall already at that season.

The synonymy of this species with (K cunfluens Harris, supposed by
31 r. Walsh, is founded on the occurrence of their galls at tlie same season,
and on the statement of Mr. Norton about the agreement of C. q. acini-
latd with the original specimens of C. conjjiiens in Dr. Harris's collection.
But if Dr. Harris's gall-fly really lives on the red oak (Q. rubra), its great
I'esemblance to C. q. acicidata, occuring on the black oak [Q. fiiicforia)
would no more be a proof of their identity, than the great resemblance of
C. q. inanis and fsjwnqi/ica is of theirs. The two latter gall-flies, although
almost perfectly similar in appearance, occur on different oaks and pro-
duce quite different galls. It may be that the true C confluens Harris,
although closely resembling C. q. adcidata, produces on the red oak a

246 [Septkmbet'.

gall, sufficiently different from that of the other species, to be distinguish-
ed by constant characters. The synonymy ot both therefore, although
probable, seems to require further confirmation.

The gall-fly C. q. aciculata has been described 1. c. p. 56. Its anteu-
nse are 14-jointed, the last joint being separated from the penultimate one
by a suture as distinct as that of all the other joints; the 14th joint is
very slightly longer than the 13th, and without any apparent transverse
impression. This character, common to C. q. aciculata and to 0. q. cen-
tricola (of the oak-apple on Q. ohtusUoha) distinguishes these species at
once from C q.manis, spongifica and coccinese, where the last (13th) joint
of the antennae is almost twice as long as the preceding, and shows two
indistinct transverse sutures, foreshadowing the 14th and 15th joints of
the % . The structure of the abdomen of these two groups of gall-flies
is also very different. Seen from the side, it appears in C. q. aciculata
and ccntricola very slightly convex above, the line of its back not rising
abruptly above the petiole; the principal curve in the outline of the ab-
domen is on its under side, so that its side-view is not unlike that of the
seed of a Dc.wiodium. In C. q. inanis and the two other species, on the
contrary, the abdomen, seen from the side, appears as convex above as be-
low, its dorsal line rising steeply above the petiole. In the former group
the largest or 2nd joint (the petiole being taken for the first) is compara-
tively longer, occupying almost f of the length of the abdomen, whereas
in the other group (C. q. inanis etc.) it only reaches its middle. These
differences prove that these two groups should, in a rational systematic
arrangement, form two genera. It is also worthy of remark that both
species of one group (C. q. aciculata and centricohi) are produced by au-
tumnal galls, and escape either late in the fall, or remain in the gall through
the winter, whereas, the species of the other group all belong to venial
galls, the gall growing with the leaves and the fly passing through all the
stages of its growth between the earliest spring and the end of June.

To the four oak-apple galls just described, have to be added that of C.
q. cenfricola 0. S., on the post-oak (1. c. p. 58, gall No. 4) and that which
I found once on Q. nif/ra, the black-jack oak (see 1. c. p. 53, line 14).
I have not found it since, but possess in my collection a specimen of a
gall-fly, closely resembling C. q. inanis. sponr/ifira and roccincse and dis-
tinguished only by a much more distinct punctation of the abdomen, which
specimen, if I remember right, was reared from that gall, f Unfortunately
I lost the label indicating its origin. )

I conclude the foregoiuji- descriptions of oak-apple galls, by a synopsis
of those at present known to me. I omit the species growing on the black
oak, as I know it but imperfectly.

With the spongy substance inside.

Shell thick ; spongy substance very dense.

Broad and rounded on the top ; surface smooth

and glossy ; autumnal gall on Q. tinctoria : C. q. aciculata 0. S.

Attenuated and pointed on the top ; surface
more or less opaque, as if powdered or dust-
ed; vernal gall on Q. tinctoria: C. q. spongifica 0. S.

Shell thin and brittle ; spongy substance less dense.
Rounded, almost globular; surface glossy; ver-
nal gall on Q. coccinea : C. q. coccinese 0. S.

With the filaments radiating from the kernel to the
shell ; the latter thin and brittle.

More or less globular, not attenuated towards
the basis ; surface glossy ; vernal gall on Q.
coccinea (or Q. )-nhra) : C. q. inanis 0. S.

Somewhat lemon-shaped, that is, attenuated at
both ends, with a distinct nipple on top; per-
haps a variety of the preceding, as it occurs
apparently on the same kind of oak? Gall-fly unknown.

Perfectly globular, smooth, smaller than all the
preceding galls, not drab, but more reddish-
yellow when ripe; shell although thin, but
harder; filaments on the inside more dense
and silky ; autumnal gall on Q. ohtnsilnha : C. q. centricola 0. S.

II. GrENERAL REMARKS ON THE OaK-ApPLE GaLLS.

The foregoing chapter records my recent observations on the oak-apple
galls of this country. These observations being, however, yet incomplete,
leave open several questions to which I now call the attention of future
observers. Such questions are : —

1. Are Cynips q. inanis, C. q. coccineoe and C. q. spongifica one and the same species ?

2. Have the gall-flies of the oak-apples one or two yearly generations?

3. The question of the sexes.

248 ^ [Septkmuki'.

1. Are CYNIPS Q. INANIS, C. Q. COCCINE^ and C. Q. SPONGIFICA onk

and the same species?

We have seen above, that these gall-flies are so similar that I could not
find any important characters to distinguish them. Still, it does not fol-
low hence that such characters do not exist. The comparison of a larger
number of specimens would probably lead to their discovery.

The supposition that they arc the same species would involve another
one, that the difierence between the galls described under the above names
is merely due to the organic reaction of difl'erent kinds of oak against the
sting uf one and the same insect. It is obvious however, that this last
supposition must be dropped if it is proved that C. q. cocci iicse and ('. q.
iiKinia both occur on Q. coccinea^ of which, as shown already, I am as yet
uncertain.

Another fact apparently proving that they are really different sj)ecies,
is the close resemblance of C. q. cwlchs % to the male of C. q. spoinjifica.
The former is only smaller, othexnvise it does not differ from the latter more
than the females of the three species in question differ from each other.
Now ('. q. Calebs seems to be undoubtedly a different species, as its spin-
dle-shaped gall occurs also on a species of oak about which I am uncer-
tain whether it is (J. coccinca or ruhra. Thus we have three different
galls, occuring, at the utmost, on tu-u kinds of oak, so that, by all means
two of the galls, and perhaps all the three grow on the same kind of oak.
It seems obvious, hence, that gall-flies, however similar they may be, must
belong to different species if they produce difl'erent galls on the same tree
and that, at the same season. iMr. Ratzebvirg (in his work: Forst-lii-
sectcii) asserts, from personal observation, that a species of Cjuips pro-
duces the same gall even on different kinds of oak. The europeau ('./<■-
cnnddtrlx of the Qiicrcus pedunculata gave this result, when it attacked
some american oaks in his garden.

For all these reasons, I believe, therefore, that 6'. q. iiianis, coccinae,
spomjljica and coelcbs are different, although closely allied, species of the
same genus.

2. Have the Gai.l-Flies of the Oak-Applbs one ok two ckxi; rations y

If they have but one generation, what becomes of the gall-flies escap-
ing in June and the larvae of which begin to develope nearly a year later,
in the buds of the following spring? They may lay their eggs in the buds
destined to be developed on the next year, which eggs may remain dor-
mant, till the buds begin to grow. But this remains to be proved. 1 do

1862.] 2tl)

not recollect now having observed any instance of the same kind of oak-
apple being sometimes vernal (that is, beginning to grow early in the
spring, together with the growth of the leaves and producing the fly to-
wards midsummer) sometimes antnmnal (that is, reaching its full growth
later in the summer or in the fall ; the fly either escaping late in the fall
or remaining in the gall till the following spring). In my former paper
I said on p. 5G "I am inclined to agree with Dr. Fitch, who supposes that
there are annually two generations of this fly ( C coiijluens)." But I do
not remember now whether I founded this opinion on a fact or on a mere
probability, and rather believe the latter, as otherwise I would have re-
corded that fact. The question remains, therefore, undecided.

.S. Sexes op the CYNIPID^.

When I first reared (J. q. coelebs % , its resemblance to the females ob-
tained from the oak-apples, which, at that time, I called O. conjiuens,
started the idea in my mind that they might belong together and that the
question of the sexes of the ('i/nipldit might thus find its solution in the
occurrence of the males in galls different in shape from those of the fe-
males. The discovery of the four exceedingly similar species recorded
above diminishes the importance of the resemblance on which I have bas-
ed my hypothesis. The latter is moreover apparently altogether unsettled
by the rearing of male specimens of Ci/nips from oak-apples. I now pos-
sess % and 9 of C. q. sjjongifica, and Mr. "Walsh has reared a S of what
seems to be C. q. coccincx. It follows hence that if % and 5 gall-flies can
be reared from oak-apples, the as yetvunknown $ of C. q. ralrhs may also
be obtained from a spindle-shaped gall, resembling that of the male. It
follows also that the gall-flies, prodiieed by the vernal oak-apples of 6'. q.
coccinese, iiianis and spongifiea do not belong to the agamous genera of
Hartig. The case is different with the autumnal oak-apples. Mr. Walsh
informs me that he has now reared over 100 Ci/n!ps aciculata from oak-
apples gathered in the fall, without a single % among them. I have shown
already (p. 246) that this species, as well as Cijnips q. centricola 0. S.,
which is also produced by an autumnal oak-apple, both belong to a genus
different from the above vernal gall-flies. This genus therefore must be
the true agamous Cijnlps scnsu strktiori of Hartig and the question of
the male sex remains open for it.

250 [Septembkr

III. Additions to some other Galls described in the paper

ON the CYNIPID/E etc.

To No. 5. CYNIPS QUERCUS PISUM Fitch (1. c. p. 59).

Last winter Dr. Morris, in Baltimore, gave me au oak leaf, apparently
that of a white oak, with several galls on its underside, resembling very
much those of 6'. q. pisinn Fitch, only that the intervals between the
cracks of the net-work were less convex, so that the galls seemed some-
what smoother. On opening the box which contained them, on the 7th
of January, I found a wingless gall-fly walking in it. I immediately cut
one of the galls open and found that it contained two other similar apter-
ous flies, both alive. Each gall, like those of C. q. pisitm, contained two
cavities, separated by a partition. T am unable to decide whether these
gall-flies are the true producers of the gall or merely parasites. The three
gall-flies were females. Not knowing exactly to what genus this species
should be I'eferred, I call it provisionally : —

Cynips pezomachoides n. sp. — Broion, mixed with reddish on head and thorax; legs
reddish; wings rudimental ; length about 0.12.

Head brown on front and vertex and in the middle of the face, reddish around
the eyes: antennte 14-jointed. brown, somewhat mixed with reddish at the basis,
l)ut little shorter than the body: sculpture of the head hardly apparent. Thorax
comparatively small, reddish on the back, brown on the pleurpe and the shoulders;
finely jiubescent: wings reduced to the size of small scales: scutellum small, with-
out any a])parent basal pits: its tip somewhat pointed and recurved upwards; feet
reddish: basal part of the coxte brown: the middle of the femora, the external
side of the tibiaj and the tarsi, es2iecially their tip, more or less brownish; last
joint of tarsi rather large. Abdomen dark brown, shining, with a somewhat blu-
ish (ojjalizing) reflection. The large 2n4 (apjiarently first) segment, with a yellow-
ish sjjot on each side. The four following segments are short, slightly, but gradu-"
ally diminishing in length, the last of them bears below a short double projection,
with a fan-shaped pencil of yellowish hairs. The following (in fact the 7th) seg-
ment is longer than the preceding but, being narrower, forms an abrupt angle with
the hind margin of the latter; it is sj^arsely pubescent on its surface; the eighth
segment above is connected with the jireceding by a triangular, whitish membrane ;
the ovipositor is short and bears a few hairs.

Three 9 specimens.

To No. 6. CYNIPS QUERCUS TUBICOLA 0. S. ( 1. e. p. (iO).

On the first of March, 1X(>2, I obtained a new brood of this insect, from
galls collected in ;iutumn. The coloring of the ]»ody is variable, being
more or less mixed with brown; some of the specimens are altogether dark
brown. The antennae appear to nic now 14-jointed and as the abdomen

1802.] 'J51

1ki« the same shape as those of ('. (^. (■ciitrirold and ((ricii/ofd, it is proba-
ble that C q. tiihicola has a generic afiSnity with tlieui, the more so as
all these galls are autumnal and produce only females.

To No. n. CYNIPS QUERCUS PALUSTRIS 0. S. (1. c. p. M).

(rails perfectly similar to those described as occuring on the pin-oak,
were ob.'^erved by me this spring on Qiierrus fdlcata., tbu-torla and cocci-
nca. I succeeded in rearing the gall-flies from the two former and could
not discover any perceptible difference between them and that of Q. paliis-
fris, so that my description applies to all. Still, I do not consider my in-
ability to distinguish them as a proof of their specific identity.

My description stated erroneously that the antennae are 15-jointed in
both sexes. In reality they are, as they ought to be, 14-jointed in the fe-
males. The last joint, however, is, in most specimens, distinctly divided
in two by a slight annular incision. As this incision is more distinct in
dry specimens, this was the cause of the error in my description, which 1
became aware of, as soon as I obtained fresh specimens. In the same way
female gall-flies with 13-jointed antennae generally have an indication of
fico subdivisions on their last, elongated joint.

Mr. Walsh, in Rock Island, writes me that he also discovered the gall
on Q. tinctoria. He became likewise aware of my error as to the number
of joints of the 9 antennae.

IV. Oak-Galls not mentioned in the paper: On the

CYNIPID^ etc.

The following galls have been partly observed by myself, partly com-
municated to me by other persons since the publication of my paper on
the Ci/nrpidse. About some of them, as will be seen below, I am not
(|uite sure, whether they are really the produce of this class of insects.

QuERCUS PALUSTRIS. Pin Oak. Wofnit/ liiiot^ un the limits, emittiiuj
pale yellmo, conical., hrittle prnjerfiouii. Cynips quercus cornigera
n. sp. (as yet unknown).

Of all excrescences on oaks in general, the present one, wherever it oc-
curs, is perhaps the most conspicuous, as by its abundance it deforms the
tree and seems to cause considerable injury. (It has already been alluded
to 1. c. p. 55, foot-note.) It consists of woody knots on the limbs, looking
usually as if many of them were closely packed together and thus forming

252 . [September

an oblong, woody irregular mass, sometimes two inches or more long. Its
most striking character are its slightly curved conical projections, hollow
on the inside, which bud forth from all sides of the gall. On dry, dead
galls, these horn-shaped projections are for the most part broken off, so
that their bases alone are visible, projecting like short tubes from the
cracks of the woody tubercle. In order to be able to designate this gall,
the development of which I have not been able to investigate completely,
I give its as yet unknown originator the provisional name of G. q. corni-
gera n. sp.

After having very frequently observed dead galls of this kind, I finally
succeeded on the 13tli of May, 1862, to find some young and growing
ones. They were of moderate size; their back was greenish and their
wood soft and succulent. The conical projections were just beginning to
bud forth ; when laid bare, by removing with a knife the wood around
them, they appeared to extend deep inside of the gall, almost down to
the twig. Their color was whitish, their consistency soft, apparently
fibrous, and not woody. At that time, they were not hollow yet, and I
could not find any larvae in them. When I brought the galls home, numer-
ous gall-flies, evidently parasitical, began to escape from them. They
emerged from hollows in the woody substance between the horn-shaped
bodies and had nothing in common with the latter. They resemble the
Ci/nips (Synerges?) oncratus Harris and evidently belong to the same par-
asitical genus. When I visited the same spot during the latter part of
June, 1 foijnd some of the horn-shaped bodies already projecting about
one-tenth of an inch; their substance had become harder and more woody;
their inner end had become club-shaped, distinctly isolated from the sur-
rounding wood, so that the whole of these bodies could be easily removed
by cutting away the wood around them. On the inside, the inner end
was hollow and contained a small larva. This larva is probably that of
the true gall-producing Cijnips^ but, unfortunately, I was prevented from
watching its growth further.

Cynips (Synerges'?) lignicola 0. S. — Yellow, black spot on the vertex; upper
part of thorax and of tlie abdmnen black; length, % about 0.1; 9 0-12.

Head pale yellow with a black spot on the vertex: tijis of mandibles black : %
antennae 15-jointed, the third joint with the usual excision below ; 9 antennse 13-
jointed, the last being elongated and showing two slight subdivisions. Collare
and pectus yellow; upjier and hind part of the thorax black. Legs, including
the coxse, yellow, onychia brown; abdomen brownish- red, black above: it consists
apparently of a single, smootli, shining segment, the following segments being

lSfi2.] 25:j

contracted under it, so tliat its jioslcrior margin projects beyond them. The neck
(or first segment) of the abdomen is turgid and bmgitudinally grooved. The
wings are hyaline, the radial area closed; the stout veins ])ale yellow; the areo-
let narrow, triangular, its two' anterior sides rather indistinct, almost obsolete;
the origin of the cubital vein (from the first transverse vein) is obsolete.

Numerous % and 9 specimens.

Ct/nijis onerotus Harris is souiewliat larger than this species, it has a
black spot on the pectus, so that the middle coxae are inserted on a black
ground ; the yellow color is not strictly confined to the collare, as in C.
Ugnicola, but extends across the suture on both sides of the dorsum of
the mesothorax ; at the same time the black of this dorsum encroaches
anteriorly on the middle part of the collare, reaching the head ; the ab-
domen is more light yellow, and the black on its upper part is less extend-
ed. These characters belong at least to the only specimen of C. oneratus
in my possession.

QuERCUS PALUSTRIS. Piu Oak. RouudcJ, icoody gull on tlie upper
side of the leaves, along the prhiclpal ribs. Diameter upwards to 0.4 to
0.5. Gall-fly unknown.

These excrescenses, occuring frequently in autumn, vary in size from
0.15 to 0.4 or 0.5 ; most of them, however, are about 0.2 or 0.3 long and
narrower than their length. Their color is brownish, sometimes more or
less yellow, or reddish or with a grey efflorescence ; their surface has ir-
regular, more or less deep wrinkles, according to the age or size of the
gall; otherwise it is smooth, and has nothing of the deep and regular
sculpture of C q. jnsuni. They somewhat resemble the gall of Cecido.
myia symmetrica 0. S. (see Monographs of N. A. Diptera, p. 200), but
project only on one side of the leaf; besides, their outline is more regular-
ly rounded and less deeply cracked. When cut open they show several
(commonly three) cells, divided by partitions, somewhat converging to-
wards the middle of the base.

I am not sure whether they are produced by a Cymps, the more so as
Cynijys-gaWfi usually occur on the under side of the leaves.

QuERCUS PALUSTRIS. Pin Oak. Pound, icart-like, r usty-p>uherlent ex-
crescences on the upper side of tlic leaf, growing several together. Diam.
of single ones about 0.1.

These galls are not unlike those of C. (j. verrucarum 0. S. (1. c. p. Gl,
No. 9) of the post oak and similar galls, found on the white and the swamp

254 [Septembkr

chestnut oak, with the important difference, however, that they occur on
the upper side of the leaf, whei'eas, the others are found on the under side.
This makes me uncertain, whether they are the produce of Cijnips or of
Cecldomyia. I had no opportunity of observing fresh specimens, as those
in my possession wei'e communicated to me by Dr. Foreman, who had
found them in Maryland. I did not find anything in the hard kernel of
those which I cut open.

QuERCUS PRINOS, var. BICOLOR. Lavffe gall^ at the tip of twigs, con-
sisting of a numhf'r of wedge-shaped bodies, fastened hj/ tlieir pointed
ends to a common centre. Diameter about an inch and a half. C. Q.
STOBILANA n. sp. (as yet not reared).

This gall, one of the most remarkable in my collection, was kindly com-
municated lo me by Dr. Samuel Lewis, in Philadelphia, as found on young
branches of this oak, in Hoope's tlarden, near West Chester, Penn. For
another specimen I am indebted to Dr. Morris, in Baltimore. These
specimens measure rather more than an inch and a half in diameter and
look somewhat like the cones of some kinds of pine, for instance, of the
scrub-pine, as they consist of a number from 20 to 25 or more of wedge-
shaped bodies, closely packed together, with their pointed ends attached
to a common centre. These wedges are hard and corky and break off
very easily when the gall is dry. Each of them contains a hollow kernel
with a plump, large larva inside. This gall is evidently produced by the
sting of the insect on the single leaves of a Inid, each leaf growing into
the shape of a wedge. I did not succeed in rearing the larvae, which
were still living when I received the gall. [ call the Ci/nlps by antici-
pation C q. strohihiaa.

QuERCUS PRINOS. tSircmp-chestinif OnL-. Glohidar galls on the' un-
der side fjf the leaf, alrmg the prineijial rihs. Diameter upwards to ^).'i.
Gall-fly unknown.

They were communicated to me by Dr. Foreman, who found them in
Maryland. Not having seen any fresh specimen, I-can only describe the
dry and somewhat shrivelled ones. Their surface is finely downy, which
gives them a peculiar brownish-creani-colored shade. They contain a ker-
nel in the middle, nearer to their bases, from which numerous woody fibres
radiate toward the stout woody shell. They occur in numbers on the same
leaf, a moderate sized leaf which is in my possession, bearing eight of
them, the largest of which has 0.8. the smallest hardly <».l in diametei'.

1M)-J.] 25n

I have iio doubt, on accKUiit (if their structure, that they are the produce
of a C//)ii/>s.

QUERCUS OBTUSILOBA. J^ost Oak. CInxters of swdfl, xomfiwhat Ixll-
shaped, j)eti()late, (jreenish galh oti flrr iiikIit i<l<h- of flir feovfs, along fh.<'
midrib.

Their shape may be compared to that of the flowers of Vacciniuni. They
are attenuated at the basis into a short petiole, fastened to the midrib of
the leaf; the opposite end is truncated, the truncature being excavated ;
the length, from the foot of the petiole to the truncated end, is from 0.12
to 0.15. They grow in numbers, sometimes of ten or more together, so
that six, for instance, form a row on one side of the midrib and four or
five on the opposite side. When found by me on the tree in October, 1861,
these galls were pale green; the dry specimens are brownish. Inside of
each was a small whitish larva, probably of a Ci/nips.

QuERCUS ALBA. Wliifr Oak. Clusters of small, Touiid, reddish (j<dh
un the petioles of the irhi'te o^//- leaves ; iitsldr compefet^ with a hard ker-
nel. Diameter about 0.15.

Found quite abundantly in October, 1861. I did not describe them at
once and the specimens now before me are brown and shrunken. The
kernels of those which I opened at that time seemed empty. Still, I be-
lieve that the galls belong to Ci/nips. as I found in the box, containing
them, a parasitical Cynipideous insect, appai'ently escaped from them.

QuERCUS ALBA. White Oak? Large, round ijall of a hard eorki/ sidj-
stanee, growing on the hranehes ; a round, hollou- space in the centre.
Diameter 0.75-0.95. Cynips quercus juglans n. sp. (as yet unknown).

I found a couple of these galls in winter, on the ground, under an oak,
the species of which I was unable to ascertain. Afterwards, Mr. Hitz, of
the Maryland Agricultural College, communicated to me a number of these
galls, with the statement that they grow on the branches of the white oak.
All these galls, as well as those found by myself, were somewhat shrunken
and wrinkled on the surface, probably fi'om the effects of dryness. They
are easily distinguished from the galls of (\ q. globulus Fitch by their
large size and their much harder substance. It requires some effort to cut
them open, whereas, the dry galls of 0. q. globulus can be easily cracked.
For the same reason the kernel of the latter gall can be more easily detach-
ed from the surrounding corky substance, than that of the other gall.
The greater ]iart of the galls which T cut open contained a cluster of small

256 ^ [September

evidently parasitical larvae. In two or three, however, I tbund a single
Cynipideous larva. I did not succeed in rearing it, but obtained several
kinds of parasites.

QuERCUS COCCINEA. Scarlet Oak. Eomid, somewhat oblong, hollow,
pale grcemsh-ycllow gall on the under side of the leaf, sligjitlj/ projecting
on the ojyposite side; internally, an oblong kernel, kept in its p>osition by
filaments, radiating towards the shell. Diameter of the gall about 0.25.

This gall occurs frequently along the margins of the leaf, although some-
times in the middle, near the principal ribs. The shell is rather thin ; the
kernel 0.1-0.15 long, oblong in shape. Having found this gall in June,
I obtained only a parasite.

Unknown Oak. Round gall of a hard, corky substance, growing on
the branches, its tip drawn oxit in a point; a hollow kernel in the centre.
diameter of the full-grown specimens 0.4—0.5.

These galls were communicated to me by Dr. Morris, in Baltimore, Md.
The branches to which they are attached, belong apparently to an oak
(they have no leaves). The galls are not unlike those of C. q. globnlns
Fitch in size and structure; only instead of being altogether globular, their
tip is extended into a point; their color is more reddish. They are at-
tached in the same way to the young branches, only they seem to occur in
much larger numbers crowded together. Whereas, the galls of C. q. glob-
nlns, observed by me occur either singly, or in clusters of two or three,
symmetrically arranged round the limb; one of the branches given to me
by Dr. Morris, which is G inches long, bears 19 of the galls of the other
kind, crowded together in irregular clusters of full-grown and abortive
specimens. Another branch 3 inches long bears 9 specimens.

From this gall I have reared a parasitical Cynips and another punf^iti-
cal hymeuopteron.

QuERCUS NIGRA. Black-jack Oak. Round mass, resembling wool, on
the twigs, v:itli numerous seed-like grains inside. Cynips QUERCUS OPE-
RATOR 0. S.

This gall resembles very much the beautiful gall produced on the white
oak by C seminator Harris (1. c. p. 69, No. 21). When fresh and grow-
ing, it also consists of whitish filaments, forming a white, round body with
beautiful pink spots. The inside also contains seed-like kernels. I found
the gall in June, on young, flowering branches and obtained on the 23rd
of that month the gall-fly which I call : —

1S02.]

257

Cynips quercus operator ii. sp. — Reddish; jxistoridi- part of the abdomen brown-
ish: wings wiliiout discal aroolet: 'J, antenniic I4-, $> 12-jointed; length of % 0.1,

of 9 0.12— i).i;i.

Head yollowish-rcd, especially on the underside ; tip of mandibles brown: an-
tennsp of % 14-joiuted; .'!rd joint distinctly excised inferiorly: t]\c i following
joints of about the same length, slightly shorter than the 3rd: the other joints
gradually, but slightly diminish in length towards the tij): 9 antennre 12-jointed.
gradually diminishing in length from the 3rd joint, the longest, excei)t the last
joint, which is a little longer and shows a slight indication of a subdivision in three
joints. Thorax reddish, very minutely sculptured; the two usual furrows between
the collare and scutellum delicate, but distinctly marked; a short groove on each
side between them and the basis of the wing: an indication of a ])air of other in-
termediate furrows beginning at the collare and not running farther than the mid-
dle of the thorax: scutellum roughly sculptured; its basal pits rather small.
Feet pale reddish, e.xcept the ungues, the hind tibice and the base of the hind
tarsi, which are brown. Abdomen brownish-red: its posterior part, esi^ecially
above, more brown ; large (2nd) segment smooth and shining: the other segments
with a microscopic puuctation. Ovipositor rather long, projecting IVom its elong-
ated sheath, which is directed upwards. Wings hyaline, very transparent ; areo-
let none ; subcostal vein, first and second transverse veins, stout, j)ale yellowish :
last segment of the subcostal vein (usually forming an angle with the remainder
of the vein and running towards the anterior margin) obsolete; radial vein and
latter ])art of cubitus pale and subobsolete: the anterior part of cubitus (between
the first and second transverse veins), altogether obsolete : anal vein hardly in-
dicated.

2 % and 11 9 specimens.

This .species is, at first glance, somewhat like C q. vi(/rfr 0. S. (1. c. p.
()G, No. 17) which prodnces a swelling on the leaf of the same kind of
oak. Their resemblance consist principally in the coloring and in the
neuvation of the wings, which, in both species have no arcolet. The dif-
ferences, however, are the following (the description of C. q. nii/rse. given
in my former })aper nuiy be completed from this comparison) : —

C. Q. OPERATOR.

Si:.r: % 0.1 ; 9 0.12—0.13.

Aiitiiiitft: 9 12-jointed, with a dis-
tinct indication of a loth joint.

I l>,h,

ovate, its dorsal ridge

smooth, the segments being closely
a]iplied tn each other ;

C. Q. NIGR^.

S!zr: % 0.05; 9 0.09.

Atifi'iinse: 9 14-jointed; or, if the
two last joints are taken for one,
13-, but by no means 12-jointed.

Altihiiiini : much shorter, its dorsal
ridge much more convex, the seg-
ments being at angles to each other
and with intervals between their

25«

[September

its puactation microscopic ;

its color more or less reddish at the

basis and on the underside.

S/iinfh ()/ the ovijiosttor long, pro-
jecting above the abdomen.

Hind ti'hise brownish.

Snbfostdl and hofJi fran>iv<'rsi- ?v'/«.s
pale yellowish.

The subcostal forms with the second
transverse vein a rounded angle ;
the branch usually running from
it towards the anterior margin is
obsolete.

The radial vein gradually disappears
before reachin"- the mar"in.

hind margins and the next seg-
ment ;

its punctation much more distinct;
its color altogether brown.

Sheath short, not projecting above
the abdomen.

Hind femora and fihise brownish.

These veins pale, colorless.

The branch of the subcostal, run-
ning towards the anterior margin is
distinct and well defined, although
it is abruptly truncated before reach-
ins; that marain.

The radial vein abruptly stops before
reachins; the margin.

The aments of the same kind of oak ( Q. nitjra) are sometimes deform-
ed by swellings, covered with white and pink filaments exactly similar to
those of the gall of C. seminator and operator; I suppose, therefore, that
they are produced by the sting of the latter gall-fly, although I did not
succeed to watch their development.

QuERCUS VIRENS. Live Oak. Clusters of galls eroweled together
round a limh^ not imlikc C. q. ficus Fitch in aj>pearance, hut mucli harder.

It was communicated to me by Mr. Glover, who brought it from Florida.
The specimen before me is a branch round which, on a length of 2^ inches,
21 galls are crowded together. Their shape seems originally to be round,
])ut from being close together they have assumed all kinds of irregular
shapes, the appearance of the whole cluster being well represented by Dr.
Fitch's figure of the gall of C. q.fens. Their color is brownish-yellow,
mixed with brown. They are much harder than the galls of O. q. firns.
Having bi'oken one open, I found in the kernel the remains of a Oynips.

QuERCUS VIHENS. ]jice Oalc. Wejodij sircJliiig of the limh.
The specimen, communicated by Mr. Glover, is a fragment of a branch
iiboul 1 \ inches long with two such swellings; the one is I'ounded about

18G2.] 259

U.7 long and 0.5 broad ; tlie other nincli pmallcr. I opened the hitter and
found on tlie inside a small empty hollow from the structure of which 1
have uo doubt that the gall is the produce of a Ci/nips.

Qtt?:rcus virens. Live 0<il\ Small, ronnd, woohj galh on the un-
i/rraitJc i>f fJir feavex.

They are not unlike the galls of C. q. nerrucarum and the analogous
galls, only the wool is much longer. It seems that each gall consists of a
hard kernel, covered with this pale yellow wool and that they occur in
numbers together. Communicated by Mr. Glover. Undoubtedly a 6^-

-^

m^)^^G'oooo'iyj<tH§m

g^eot^croo-ojT^^fejXfo'v

^'■:^

n.

;^^

3 TERMS: ONP] DOJiLAil PER ANNUM, IN AD\^NOE. (+

PROCEEDINGS

n

I

OF THE

Entomological Society

OF

raiL^VDELFHIA.,

(I?

v)

I
i

B

OCTOBER, NOVEMBER & DECEMBER,

1862.

u

u

^$

PHILADELPHIA :

r-ie-IlTTEX) T^OE- THE SOCIET"5r.

fe^^^|§)'^--^-G.Gv^(^0.O;(g;>^j^^?@^

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.

Vol. 1. OCTOBEK, NOVEMBER & DECEMBER, 1862. No. 9.

* STATED MEETING, October 13.

Vice-President Bland in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

10 CoLEOPTERA {Calosoma striatuhim, Necrodes analis, Etmjomia can-
escens, Chryshotliris sexstgnata, Corymbites propola, Odontonyx ornata,
ETnmesa connectens, Toxotus /Schaumii, Toxotus trivittatus), from George
Newman.

3 CoLEOPTERA {Hister jilnnipes, Gistela marginata, Centrodera siib-
Imeat(i), and 5 DiPTERA (^Tri/peta seqtialis, Trypeta seriatct), from James
Ridings.

4 CoLEOPTERA {Hi'ster subopacus, Arhopalus in/austus, Clytus nauti-
cus), from John Pearsall.

4 DiPTERA ( Yolucella evectd), from Charles Wilt.

2 DiPTERA {Olfersia americana), from William Wenzel.

1 DiPTERA (Trypeta /estiva), from William Evett.

1 CoLEOPTERA {N^rmognafha nemorensis), from James H. B. Bland.

1 CoLEOPTERA (Oberca gracilis'), from E. T. Cresson.

262 , [October

donations to library.

Prairie Farmer (^Chicaffo, 111.}, Nbs. 11 to 15 of Vol. 10. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 9, pages
C6 to 112. From the Society.

Proceedings of the Society for August and September, 1862. From
the Publication Committee.

The following works were deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson : —

List of the specimens of British Micro-Lepidoptera in the Collection
of the British Museum. By H. T. Stainton. 1 Vol. 12mo.

Catalogus Hemipterorum. Anctore Anton Dohrn. 1 Vol. 8vo.

List of the specimens of Hemipterous Insects in the collection of the
British Museum. By W. 8. Lallas. 2 Vols. 12mo.

British Butterflies and their transformations. By J. 0. Westioood.
1 Vol. 4 to.

Monographic des Elaterides. Par M. E. Caiideze. 3 Vols. 8vo.

Archives Entomologiques. Par James Thomson. 2 Vols. Royal 8vo.

Introduction d V Entomologie {Suites d Buffon?). Par M. Th. Lacor-
daire. 2 Vols. 8vo.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Ijepndop>teres (^Suites d Buffon}. Par
Boisduval et Guenee. 7 Vols and Atlas. 8vo.

Histoire Naturelle des Lisectes Coleopteres {Suites d Buffon}. Par M.
Th. Lacordaire. 6 Vols., and Atlas. 8vo.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Apteres (Suites d Buff mi). Par M. le
Baron Walckenser. 4 Vols., and Atlas. 8vo.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Orthopjteres {Suites d Buffon). Par M.
Audinet Serville. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Nevropteres (Suites d Buffon). Par M.
P. Ramhur. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Histoire ahregee des Insectes. Par M. Geoffroy. 2 Vols. 4to.

Ann ales de la Societe Entomologique Beige. 5 Vols. 8vo.

Systema Eleutheratorum. J. C. Fahricii. 2i Vols. 8vo.

Systema Piezatorum. J. G. Pahricii. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Prhnices Entomologiques. Par J. Putzeys. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Matcriidx foirar(h a. History of the Ooleoptera Longicornia of fhr Uni-
ted Stale><. By S. S. Ilaldemnv. 1 Pamphlet. 4to.

1S()L>.] 208

WRTTTKN COMMUNICATIONS.

A communication was read from Mr. Bland, stating that lie had collect-
ed near DaCosta, Atlantic County, New Jersey, during the latter part of
last July, a specimen of Gicmdcia abdominalis. Being in the habit of
visiting in that vicinity for the last three seasons, he has succeeded in
capturing only one specimen of this rare insect on each visit, or three
specimens in three seasons, all within a few yards of each other. He va-
ried the time and searched diligently, but could find only the one in a sea-
son. This circumstance being remarkable, has led him to place it upon
record.

Mr. Bland also stated that he had lately received, from the same local-
ity as the above, a male specimen of Dorcus hrevis r
Say. This very rare insect had been lost from our W.
fauna from 1831 until three years since, when it was %
recovered by Mr. G. W. Quinn of this city, who al- ^^I
so collected the specimen lately received, both from
the same locality and both were dead when found,
lying in the open road. The three specimens so far /
known to him were found within a few miles of each
other and in the months of July and August. The
specimen in the collection of the Society (from which
the accompanying figure was made) is a male, it was captured alive near
Weymouth, N. J., and is in splendid condition. Of the other two, one,
a female, is in the collection of Dr. Leconte, the other, a male, is in Mr.
B's collection, both being more or less imperfect. On account of the ex-
treme rarity of this fine insect, Mr. B. has not been able to learn anything
of its habits.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceedings:
" Descriptions of several supposed new species of CerambycidiB in the col-
lection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, and observations
upon some already described, by Jas. H. B. Bland."

" Description of a species of TEgeridre from Virginia, supposed to be new,
and observations upon Papilio Daunus, by James Hidings."

And were referred to Committees.

ELECTIONS.

The following gentlemen were unanimously elected ('orresponding Mem-
bers of the Society : —

264 [November

Prof. Henry Croft, D. C L., of Toronto, Canada.

Rev. Charles J. S. Bethune, B. A., of Cobourg, Canada West.

William Saunders, London, of Canada West.

S. S. Ratlivon, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Jacob StauflFer, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

STATED MEETING, November 10.
Vice-President Bland in the Chair.
Thirteen members present.

REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.

The Committees on the papers of Messrs. Bland and Ridings, read Oc-
tober 18th, reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings of
the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

15 Hymenoptera (^Gynips quercus sjyongijica 0. S. % 9 ? ^^- ?• *''"''-
hikma 0. S., C. q. tubicola 0. S., 0. q. operator 0. S., C q. j^alusfris
0. S., C. q. tnher Fitch, C. seminator Harris, Syncrges? Ugnkola 0. S.)
and a beautiful collection of oak-galls produced by the following flies : —
Cynips quercus spongijica 0. S., C. q. fusus 0. S., G. q. tuber Fitch, G. q.
jvglandis O. S., G. q. cortiiger 0. S., G. q. tuhicola 0. S., G. q. jnsum Fitch,
G. q. globiihis Fitch, G. q. irregularis 0. S., G. q. papiUata 0. S., G. q.
manis 0. S., G. q. verrucarum 0. S., G. q. coecinese 0. S., G. q. futilis 0.
S., G. q. phellos O. S., G. q. ccelebs 0. S., G. seminator Harris, and other
galls of which the flies are yet unknown, from Baron R. Osten Sacken.

5 Coleoptera {Eburia? Ulkei Bland, % 9 (Types), llonilema subru-
gosnm Bland, S 9 (Types), Oxoplus coralimis), from Henry Ulke.

2 Coleoptera (^Gallidium? albofasciatum Bland (Type). Gallidium
semicircidaris Bland (Type), from George Newman.

2 Coleoptera (Tylistus similis), from William Wenzel.

1 Coleoptera {Monilema Isevigatuyn Bland (Type), from Charles Wilt.

1 Coleoptera (Grossidinspulchrior Bland, 9 (Type), from J. Pearsall.

1 Coleoptera (Tylistus simi/is), from Jacob Stauffer.

1802.] 205

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Prairie Farmer {aiica<jo, III), Nos. 16, 17 and 18 of Vol. 10. From
the Editors.

Fire Blight: two new foes of the Apple and Pear. By BcnJ. D. Walsh.
From the Author.

On the (jenus Colias in North America. By Saml. II. Scudder. From
the Author.

Sniifhtionian Report for 1861. From the Smithsonian Institution.

The following works were deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson : —

Die Arachnidcn. Von Ilahn & Koch. 16 Bands in 8 Vols. 8vo.

Die Wanzenartigen Insecten. Von Hahn & Herrich- Seh'dffc r . 9 Bands
in 5 A^ols. 8vo.

Entomologia Systematiea. J. C. Fahricii. Tom. 1 to 4, Indices and
Sitpplementum. 6 Vols. 8vo.

Monographic dcs Caloptevygincs. Par E. de Sdys-Longrltamps. 1 Vol.
8vo.

Monographic dcs Gomphines. Par E. de Selys-Longchamps. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Synop)sis des Gomphines. Par E. de Selys-Longchamps. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Revue dcs Odonates. Par E. de Selys-Longchamps. 1 Vol. 8vo.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read from Jacob StauiFer, dated Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 15th,
1862, S. S. Rath von, dated Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 18th, 1862, Rev. Chas.
J. S. Bethune, dated Cobourg, C. W., Oct. 22nd, 1862, and William Saun-
ders, dated London, C. W., Oct. 22nd, 1862, acknowledging their election
as Corresponding Members of the Society.

A communication was read from Mr. Jacob Stauffer, dated Lancaster,
Pa., Oct. 22nd, 1862, exhibiting drawings of a Puff-ball, a species of Scler-
oderma, found in a wood near Lancaster, Sept. 15th, 1861, and also of a
species of a small beetle which he had bred from it. He states, that on
cutting open the Puff-ball it contained numerous minute larvae embeded
in the dark flocculent matter. The imago is not one tenth of an inch in
length, dark, covered with short, stiff", yellowish hairs. He supposed it
to be a species of L//coj)erdina, but had no means of deciding the question.
Mr. S. also submitted, for further confinuation, a few drawings and notes
on the differences between the larvte of Papilio ghtucus and turnus. The
larva of glaucus (which was taken from the grape-vine, detected in biting
off" entire bunches of green grapes) was bi'own, having a single row of
light blue spots on t^ie hinder margin and dorsally mottled with darker ir-

266 . [November

regular markings; the larva of turmis (wliich was taken from the Sassa-
fras) was pea-green above with a yellow edging, beneath pale purplish-
brown. He therefore says "The query is: — if, as some suppose, the J\
glaucus and turnus are merely sexual varieties, then it follows that the
larvae differ as essentially as do the perfect insects, both in color and hab-
it, leaving a doubt as to the fact of the two being but male and female of
the same species."

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceedings:
" Metamorphoses of Ceratomia ((uadricornis, Harris, by J. A. Lintner."
" On the genera of Aphidre found in the U. States, by B. D. Walsh, M.A."

And were referred to Committees.

VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS.

Mr. Bland stated that the Puff-ball beetle communicated this evening:
by Mr. Stauffer, is a species of Ti/Jistux. and was described by Say as Dor-
ratoma almtlr -^ it belongs to the family P/m^Vfe, which, in the present
classification of Coleoptera, is located some distance from Endomycliidx
to which Mr. S. supposed it belonged. It was, however, very interesting
to know something of the habits of this little insect and he hoped that
the Society would place upon record the discovery which Mr. S. has made.

Mr. Ridings stated that he was quite satisfied that Papilio glaucus is
only a black female of P. turnus. He had taken a black female in con-
nection with a yellow male as long ago as 1832, and since that time he has
taken females of all shades from a deep black to a dark yellow, but never
observed or heard of a female being as light colored as a male, neither a
male as dark colored as a female. He also stated that the larvae of turnus
do not confine themselves to any particular food-plant, although about
Philadelphia they generally feed upon the Tulip-Poplar. In 1843 Mr.
David Dyson came over from England and made extensive collections of
insects &c., in the United States; he took with him on his return to Eng-
land a number of both sexes of P. turnus and was the first to make known
to Mr. Doubleday that P. glaucus was only a black female of P. turnus.

On motion, the thanks of the Society were voted to Baron R. Osten
Sacken for his beautiful donation of oak-galls &c., made this evening.

On ballot, Messrs. William S. Wilson, C. Ernest Seeber and Edward A.
Manuel, all of Philadelphia, were elected Resident Members; and Messrs.
J. A. ]jintner of Schoharie, N. Y., D. W. Beadle of St. Catherines, C. W.,
William Couper of Quebec, Canada, B. Billings of Prescott, C. W., and

1S()2.] 'i<)7

Kev. George S. J. Hill of IMarkhain, C W., wore elected <'nrrcspon</iii</
Members of the Society.

Descriptions of several supposed new species of CERAMBYCID^ffi in the
Collection of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, with observations on

some already described.
BY JAMES H. B. BLAND.

lu this paper I propose to describe several species of Cerambycidae of
which I have uot been able to find descriptions and therefore suppose them
to be undescribed. In the collection of the Society there are many species
of Coleoptera yet unnamed, and I have determined to study them careful-
ly, and if no satisfactory description of them can be found, I will venture
to describe them as plainly as possible, and should synonyms be created
by so doing (as is often unavoidable), I will cheerfully acknowledge them
as such and give the rightful author the priority.

MONILEMA L^VIGATUM n. sp.

Shining black, smooth; a shallow depression on the disk of the thorax
near the posterior margin; a number of deep, irregular punctures about
the humeri and the angulation of the elytra.

Ilab. Kansas, near the Kocky Mountains.

Body shining black, smooth, elongate, convex. Head feebly punctured,
with a longitudinal impressed line on the top. Antennae about two-thirds
the length of the body; rather slender. Thorax smooth, a shallow depres-
sion on the disk near the posterior margin ; lateral tubercle very short, ob-
tuse and nearly obsolete; anterior margin slightly elevated, furnished with
short, light colored cilia; a row of deep punctures at the posterior margin.
Scutellum broad and rounded, minutely punctured. Elytra smooth, shin-
ing, convex and a little shorter than the abdomen; sides suddenly deflexed;
between the suture and the angulation of the elytra are two indistinct,
longitudinal, elevated lines not reaching the apex (which are better seen
when the specimen is held in a certain light) ; a number of deep, irregular
punctui-es about the humeri, base of epipleurae and extending a short dis-
tance down on the angulation of the elytra ; tip truncate, slightly rugose.
Abdomen minutely punctured, rounded at tip. Legs minutely punctured,
with a few scattered punctures of a larger size ; tibiae, on the tip and in-
ner edge, and tarsi clothed with short appressed hairs; middle tibiae slight-
ly notched on the outer edge near the tip; tarsi fulvous beneath. Length
9 lines.

268 * [November

This species was collected by Mr. W. J. Howard in Kansas near the
Rocky Mountains, and presented to the Society by Mr. Charles Wilt.
Three specimens have been examined, in one of which the sides of the
thorax have several depressions, and the fourth joint of the antennae is
annulated with cinereous, in the others the antennse are entirely black ; on
the disk of the elytra several stray punctures are visible here and there,
but in all three specimens the punctures are grouped about the humeri
and along the angulation of the elytra.

This species may resemble M. Iscvidorsale White, from Mexico, of which
a very short and meagre description is given in the Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London, lb56, p. 407 ; but the punctation of the
elytra seems to be differently arranged.

MONILEMA SUBRUGOSUM n. Sp.

Shining black; fourth joint of the antennao annulated with cinereous;
dorsal surface of the thorax opaque; elytra coarsely punctured, somewhat
rugose.

Ilah. Cape St Lucas, Lower California.

9 . Body elongate, shining black. Head bright on the front and cheeks,
opaque on the top, more closely punctured on the front than on the vertex ;
a slight dorsal impressed line not extending down the front. A-ntennae about
two-thirds the length of the body, stout, punctured, the punctures on the
basal joint deeper and closer, fourth and following joints clothed with very
fine, black, silky pubescence, a cinereous annule on the fourth joint. Thorax
about as long as broad; disk opaque, sides shining; closely and finely
punctured, the punctures larger and more distinct on the sides; a smooth
spot on the disk; posterior margin shining, with an uneven row of deep
punctures; lateral tubercle obsolete. Scutellum large, broad, rounded and
sparsely punctured. Elytra shining black; convex; sides suddenly' de-
flexed ; little shorter than the abdomen ; coarsely punctured, the punctures
closer and more profound at the base about the humeri and at the angula-
tion of the elytra, and more sparse and less deep on the disk, becoming-
obsolete on the tip which is covered with wavy lines and with the suture
rugose. Last dorsal segment of the abdomen extending beyond the elytra,
sparsely and distinctly punctured; ventral segments shining, finely punc-
tured, more sparse on the sides, last segment slightly emarginate at tip.
Legs stout, densely punctured; tibia? and tarsi clothed with short black
hairs; tarsi fulvous beneath. Length 13 lines.

Ls()2.] 209

S . Smaller and more robust than the 9 , the lateral thoracic tubercle
is not visible, the elytra are more roughly and deeply punctured and some-
what rugose, the rugosity extending over the disk and apex alike, and the
last dorsal segment of the abdomen does not extend beyond the elytra
which are strongly and somewhat abruptly deflexed posteriorly. Length
9 lines.

Were it not for the elongate form, this species might jirove to be a va-
riety of M. r/rissiim Lee, which I have not seen, and which is said to re-
semble 31. anmdatum Say, but the species just described seems to have
no particular similarity with Say's species, the much more elongate form,
the diflferently shaped thorax, and the narrow form of the elytra, caused by
their suddenly deflexed sides, give this species altogether a different ap-
pearance. I do not, therefore, see any other but a generic similarity be-
tween them.

For a pair of this fine insect, the Society is indebted to Mr. Henry
Ulke.

Desmocerus elongatus n. sp.

Obscure bluish-black, densely punctured ; elytra clothed with golden-
yellow hairs.

Hah. Virginia.
9 . Body dull bluish-black, elongate, densely punctured. Head black, ir-
regularly and sparsely punctured ; a deep longitudinal sulcus on the vertex.
Antennae clothed with short black hairs; third, fourth and fifth joints
slightly nodose. Thorax uneven, transversely rugose; a rather deep im-
pression along the posterior margin ; lateral tubercle almost obsolete. Ely-
tra obscure greenish-blue, clothed with golden-yellow hairs which become
obsolete towards the tip; anterior portion deeply and closely punctured and
somewhat rugose ; posterior portion much more finely and regularly punc-
tured. Under surface bluish-black, shining, finely punctured and clothed
with short black hairs. Legs rather coarsely punctured and clothed with
short black hairs. Length nearly an inch.

Should this species prove to be identical with D. paUiatus, it will cer-
tainly be a singular variety. The 3rd and 4th joints of the antenna3 are
scarcely more nodose than the 5th joint in paUiatus -, the body is more
linear and the elytra are entirely dull greenish-blue. It was collected in
Hampshire County. Virginia.

270 ' [November

TOXOTUS TRIVITTATUS (Say).

lu the early part of the present year we received into the Society's col-
lection, from jNIr. George Newman, a very fine % specimen of a Toxotus,
collected by him in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Upon examination, I
find that it answers to the description of Khagiuni trivittatum Say, in
every respect. The great difi'erence in color between this species and Tox-
otus (Leptura) vittlgcr Randall, which has been generally supposed to
be identical with it, has led me to make a careful examination of them.
In a large series of 30 or 35 ("J. and 9 ) specimens of vittiger^ I cannot
detect any variation in the coloring, which, excepting the elytral vittaj
and the abdomen, is black, and the 3rd joint of the antenmie is half again
as long as the 5th ; whereas, in trivitfatm the color is reddish-yellow, and
the 3rd and 5th joints of the antennfe are about equal. I, therefore, feel
confident that they are distinct species.

CtAUHUTES ABDOMINALIS n. sp.

Black ; autcunai, except first and second joints, legs and abdumen ful-
vous ; elyti-a bright metallic green.

Jlab. Virginia.

Body black, punctured, clothed with short, yellowish hairs. Head
very closely punctured on the vertex ; mijuth piceous. Antennte fulvous,
first and second joints black. Thorax black, shining, slightly punctured ;
suddenly contracted anteriorly and slightly posteriorly, with a dorsal sulcus
and an anterior and a posterior impressed band. ScutcUum black, some-
what conical and rouuded at tip. Elytra bright metallic green, distinctly
and profoundly punctured; humeri prominent; tip slightly truncate. Ab-
domen and legs fulvous. Length 5 lines.

This species closely resembles G. tu/anipennis (Say), of which it may
possibly prove to be a variety ; but the form of the thorax and the color
of the abdomen and the first and second joints of the antennae, are so
difi'ereut, that I believe it to be a distinct species. It was collected in
Hampshire Co. Va., and presented to the Society by Dr. T. B. Wilson.

Eburia? Ulkei n. sp.
Dark piceous; head deeply impressed in front and having two crest-
like elevations at the base of the antennse, separated by a dorsal stria;
thorax scabrous, lateral spine long and very acute; a small, round, orange-
colored elevation at the base of each elytron between the humerus and
scutellum.

isr.2.] 271

Huh. (\i]io St. liucas, Tiowcr California.

9 ■ Boily elongate, dark piceous. Head punctured, disk ot' the throat
smooth, shining, sides obliquely wrinkled; front hairy, deeply impressed ;
two ol)li(jue, sulcate, somewhat acute elevations at the base of the anten-
na), separated by a dorsal stria and giving the front the appearance of be-
ing horned or eared ; on the vertex, between the eyes, are two longitudi-
nal elevations thickened posteriorly but not extending lieyond the eyes
and also separated by the dorsal stria; eyes large, prominent and coarsely
granulated; palpi reddish-brown ; mandibles strong, acute, rugose at base.
Antennae about as long as the I)ody, clothed with light colored hairs; 11-
jointed, first joint robust, rather long, clavate and roughly punctured with
a longitudinal, abbreviated groove on the outside, second joint very short,
third joint longer than the fourth, the following joints about equal. Tho-
rax scabrous ; disk with two obtuse elevations and a smooth spot behind
them; lateral spine prominent and acute; an obtuse elevation on each side
before the spine; posterior margin depressed, rather smooth; anterior
margin fringed with light colored cilia. Scutellum quadrate. Elytra broad-
er than the thorax, smooth, except a few indistinct scattered punctures
about the base ; three longitudinal elevated lines on each elytron, becom-
ing obsolete on the tip, the lateral one, which is on a line with the humer-
us, is somewhat uneven and acute, the other two are not so distinct; be-
tween the humerus and scutellum there is a small, round, oranire-colored
elevation from which proceeds the innermost elevated line ; humerus prom-
inent, With a small obtuse tubercle below; tip with two rather short, acute,
terminal spines. Legs slender; each femur armed with two terminal spurs
which are obsolete on the anterior pair; tibiae and tarsi yellowish sericeous.
Length 13 lines.

In the male specimen the autcnnfc are half again as long as the body
and the elevated lines of the elytra are obsolete.

Although I have referred this species to the genus Uhuria, I have some
doubts of it being properly located, as it seems to differ in several particu-
lars, which may be of enough importance to be recog- Fio-. l.
nized as a seperate genus. The sculpture of the head
(of which Fig. 1 will give an idea), is very remarkable.

I have named this species after my friend Mr. Henry
Ulke, whose labor and zeal in Entomology, I endeavor
to acknowledge, and to whose liberality the Society is indebted for this
and many other valuable additions to its collection.

272 [November

Eriphus Pearsalli n. sp.

Rufo-sanguineous, hairy ; elytra with a black dilated sutural vitta.

Hah. Nebraska.

Body rufo-sanguineous, shining, punctured. Antennae black, second
joint dark rufous. Thorax convex, rounded, with a few scattered punc-
tures furnishing long, erect, blackish hairs. Elytra regularly and deeply
punctured, the punctures becoming larger and more distant towards the
base ; clothed with long blackish hairs which are erect at base and pros-
trate and shorter towards the apex of the elytra ; a black sutural vitta com-
mencing at the anterior third and gradually dilated posteriorly, whei*e it
is rounded to the suture but does not quite reach the tip. Post-pectus
black. Legs rufous; femora, anterior and middle tibiae black at tips; pos-
terior tibiae and tarsi black. Length 5 lines.

Collected near Fort Benton, on the upper Missouri, by Mr. John Pear-
sail after whom I have named it. This species was received into the col-
lection (if the Society as E. discokleus (Say), but I find upon comparison
with Say's description that it is quite distinct, and I have not been able to
refer it to any other description. It difiers from discoideus by not having
a black head and scutellum, by the punctation of the thorax not being
deep, by the hairs on the elytra not being very short and obsolete, and by
the color of the feet, which, however, as with sutm-dUs, is subject to vari-
ation. From rafuldiis it dift'ers by not having the head and feet entirely
black. From suturalis by the punctation of the thorax being rnore dis-
tinct, by the color of the second joint of the antennae being dark rufous,
by the punctures of the elytra being more numerous and comparatively
smaller, by the presence of the sutural vitta, and by the size which is
greater. From ruher it dift'ers by the color of the antennae, by the much
more distinct pvinctation of the thorax, and by the presence of the sutural
vitta. It may possibly prove to be a variety of one of the above species
after more specimens have been accumulated, but at present it is quite as
distinct as some of the species now recognized.

Crossidius pulciirior n. sp.

Rufo-testaceous; antennae, head, base and the large mark on the disk of
the elytra, postpectus and legs black.

Hah. Nebraska.

9 . Body punctured and clothed with pale hairs. Head black, roughly
punctured ; antennae two-thii'ds the length of the body, black, punctured.

1862.]

O-Q

2

Thorax convex, rouuded on the sides, broader than long, bright rufous
above, paler beneath, regularly and distinctly punctured. Scutellum black.
Elytra rufo-testaceous ; a large black mark on the disk occupying more than
half the superficies, suddenly dilated posteriorly, but not quite Fig. 2.
reaching the lateral margin or apex of the elytra, its anterior out-
line is suddenly contracted to the suture above the middle and
extends upwards to the scutellum and from thence across, covering
the humerus (see Fig. 2); deeply and closely punctured, the punc-
tures becoming larger towards the base; tip rounded, unarmed.
Abdomen rufo-testaceous. Postpectus black. Legs black, clothed with
pale hairs which are longer on the posterior pair. Length 4 lines.

This beautiful little insect was collected by Mr. John Pearsall, on a
flower, near Fort Benton on the upper Missouri. It is closely allied to
C. puIcheUus Lee, but is quite distinct by its color; the punctation of
the elytra is closer and more distinct and the sides of the thorax are round-
ed and not angulated.

1 will here state that in the four specimens of C. palcheUm Lee, in the
collection of the Society, there seems to be some variation in the mark-
ings of the sexes. In the two % specimens the thorax is entirely black
above and beneath and the first and second segments of the abdomen are
blackish. In the two 9 specimens the sides of the thorax beneath are
yellowish and also all the segments of the abdomen. In one 9 the later-
al outline of the large spot on the elyti-a is dilated posteriorly, as in pul-
chrior; in the other three specimens it continues straight to the tip.

Clytus (Rhopai.omerus) araneiformis (Oliv.).

A specimen of this pretty insect was captured on a wood-wharf in
Philadelphia, by Mr. J. D. Dowling, and presented by him to Fig. ?,.
the Society. Olivier described and figured it (Ent. 4, 61, No. 70,
PI. 7, fig. 90) as coming from St. Domingo, and never having
heard before of its occurrence in the Uuited States, I propose
here to give a detailed description of it and a figure to convey
a better idea of the markings of the elytron, as represented in
the specimen before me ; the figure given by Olivier being poor-
ly executed, does not show the markings of the elytra correctly.

Black ; head finely punctured, covered with whitish pubescence which
is parted on the front between the eyes; mouth rufous, mandibles tipped

'114: [November

Vith black. Antennas rufous, first joint long and clavate, second joint
very short, third and fourth equal, both together about as long as the first,
fifth and following joints suddenly larger and strongly serrate, last joint
attenuated. Thorax black, finely punctured, clothed with whitish pubes-
cence, convex, sides rounded ; two small tubercles on each side ; on the
disk there are apparently three series of interrupted, transverse, acute
carinae; a rufous spot beneath between the anterior coxae. Scutellum
black, margined with whitish. P]lytra slightly attenuated posteriorly; vel-
vety-black, brownish about the base ; a narrow, somewhat oblique, whitish
band extending from the humerus to the suture down which iT continues
to the anterior third, where it becomes suddenly augulated upwards and
then downwards, forming half of the letter M ; a little above the posterior
third, on the suture, there is a houk-shaped white mark which is sudden-
ly dilated at the posterior fourth into a knob, from thence it margins
the suture and tip of the elyti'on ; a small dot at the posterior thix-d near
the lateral margin (which nuiy, in some specimens, become confluent with
the hook-shaped mark, nearly opposite, on the suture) ; tip rounded from
the suture and armed with a strong acute spine. Postpectus and abdomen
rufous, blackish on the sides ; between the middle coxse commences a nar-
row, oblique, white band which extends along the side of the postpectus,
and reaches the niargin of the elytron where it suddenly expands into a
knob; a white spot behind the posterior coxaa, and two very small, appi*ox-
imate white spots before and between the coxae ; first, second and third
segments of the abdomen marked on the sides with white, the second seg-
ment bearing the largest mark. Coxae and legs rufous, hairy, posterior
pair very long; femora clavate, muricate and armed at their tips with two
strong acute spurs which are obsolete on the anterior pair ; posterior fem-
ora tipped with black ; tibise flattened, terminal spurs long and acute on
the posterior pair. Length 5 J lines.

The markings on the elytra and abdomen are composed of white scale-
like hairs which lie close to the surface of the body. This species belongs
to Chevrolat's division, Rhopalomerus.

Callidium? albofasciatum n. sp.

Black; antennae brown, third joint twice the length of the fourth; each
elytron with two white transverse marks.
ILi/i. Pennsylvania.
Body black, long, narrow and somewhat flat, hairy, punctured. Head

18«>2.] :i"-'>

finely punctured; mouth fulvous; eyes with golden reflections. AntenniB
brown, filiform, nearly as long as the body, beset on the inside with rather
long, stiff, whitish hairs; 11-jointcd, second joint very short, third joint
twice the length of the fourth which is shorter than the fifth. Thorax
black on the disk, brownish on the sides and beneath, wider than the
head, narrowed posteriorly, sides rounded, distinctly and irregularly punc-
tured; three rather indistinct smooth elevations on the disk. Scutellum
large and rounded. Elytra rather wider than the thorax, finely punc-
tured; deeply impressed on the suture behind the scutellum; on each
elytron, before the middle, there is a somewhat oblique, narrow, white
mark, slightly angulated on the lateral margin but not reaching the suture,
and at the posterior fourth, a broader, transverse, white mark, not conflu-
ent with either the lateral margin or the suture; tip rounded, entire. Ab-
domen black; coxae fulvous. (Unfortunately the legs are missing.) Length
8 lines, breadth less than one line.

At first appearance this insect looks like a small variety of C. varians,
the markings of the elytra have the same position, but the form of the
body is much more linear. The difference in the antennae is sufficient to
render it distinct and probably refer it to another genus ; in this species
the third joint of the antennae is twice as long as the fourth, whereas in
C. variam the third, fourth and fifth joints are about equal. It was col-
lected in the neighborhood of Philadelphia by Mr. (jreorge Newman, and
presented by him to the Society.

Callidium (Phymatodes) semicircularis n. sp.

Reddish-brown; a white band on each elytron enclosing a rather large,
semicircular, black spot.

JI((b. Pennsylvania.

Body reddish-brown, clothed with rather long whitish hairs. Antennae
brown, basal joint reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with long white bristly
hairs. Thorax flattened, rounded on the sides, with a smooth dorsal line.
Scutellum covered with whitish pubescence. Elytra black, ante- pj„ 4
rior third reddish-brown ; a little above the middle on the lateral
margin of each elytron commences a white band which is angulated
anteriorly and becomes confluent with the suture down which it
extends in a narrow line to the posterior fourth where it widens
and crosses again to the lateral margin, enclosing a rather large semicir-
cular black spot (see Fig. 4) ; clothed with whitish hairs which are long

276 [NOVKMBKK

and erect at the base and very short and prostrate towards the tip. Ab-
domen brownish-black, densely hairy; femora reddish-brown, posterior pair
very large and strongly clavate ; tibiae brown, with long whitish hairs ;
tarsi brown. Length 5 lines.

This insect has been for some time considered a variety of (J. varians,
but the markings of the elytra are so peculiar, that I have been prompted
to describe it as distinct. The posterior thighs are larger than in any
specimen of a large series of varians now before me, and I cannot detect
in any of them an inclination to vary as in the specimen I have just des-
cribed. For this beautiful insect the Society is indebted to Mr. George
Newman, who collected it in the vicinity of Philadelphia.

PURPURICENUS HUMERALIS (Oliv.).

In the collection of the Society there are two beautiful varieties of this
fine insect, both captured in the neighborhood of Philadelphia and pre-
sented by Mr. George Newman.

A large male specimen, measuring nearly an inch in length, has almost
the anterior half of the elytra, except the scutellum, covered with the
bright red color. The tubercles on the disk of the thorax, the humeri
and the elevated lines on the elytra are more prominent than in any speci-
men of humeralia that I have seen. The mark of the elytra is the same
as in axillaris^ but the color is bright red, the punctation is closer, deeper
and more distinct, the suture is obtusely armed, and the size is much great-
er. However, this being an intermediate variety between humeralis and
axillaris, it is probable that varieties will yet occur which will prove that
they all belong to the same species.

In a female specimen the variation is beautiful. The humeral marks
of the elytra are shaped as usual, but are of a brilliant vermillion color;
on the disk and on each side of the thorax there is a blotch of the same
color, covering the tubercles which are, however, somewhat blackish at
their tips ; the mark on the disk is triangular, and the tubercles are prom-
inent and acute.

In some specimens the humeral marks of the elytra do not reach the
scutellum which is always black, and the color varies from a bright orange
to a briiiht vermillion.

^>HV2.-\ -'77

Description of a supposed new species of iEGERID^ from Virginia,
and observations upon PAPILIO DAUNUS Boisd.

BY JAMES HIDINGS.

^GERIA? QUINQUE-CAUDATA n. sp. (Fig. 1.*)

Blue-black, shining; wings opaque, except the base of the secondaries
which is limpid; abdomen with five tail-like appendages, and the third
dorsal segment red.

Hah. Virginia.

% . Body shining blue-black. Antennse two-thirds the length of the
body, stout, ciliate on the inside, apex strongly curved, and tipped with a
pencil of hairs. Palpi shining black, obliquely ascend- pi^. |

ing, fii'st and second joints stout, pilose, third joint
naked, slender, rather long and acute. Spiral tongue
long, yellowish. Thorax black, glossy, densely pilose.
Abdomen somewhat cylindrical, slightly'broader near
the apex, with seven segments, bluish-black, shining,
third dorsal segment bright red with the anterior mar-
gin black; from the posterior margin of the sixth segment proceeds four
tail-like appendages, one on each side and two on the top; those on the
top are rather more than two lines long, thickened or tufted at their tips,
and somewhat erect; from the top of the seventh segment, which is long
and narrow, arises another tail-like appendage almost two lines long, and
also tufted at the tip and somewhat erect.. Legs brownish-black ; posteri-
or tibia) robust and densely pilose; tarsi slender, brown ; tibial spurs of
the middle and posterior legs very long and acute. Wings brown, with
bluish-green reflections, darker towards the base; secondaries limped at
their base. Length of the body 7 lines. Expanse of the wings 12 lines.

Ohs. This remarkable species was captured by myself in Middletown,
Frederick County, Virginia, and is now in the collection of the Entomo-
logical Society of Philadelphia. As its opaque secondaries, long spiral
tongue &c., exclude it from the genus TrocJii/ium, I have with some doubt,
referred it to jEfjeria, although I have not been able to find any species
of jEgtria described as having such remarkable appendages as are pos-
sessed by this species.

* Although the figure given is not i)ei;feetly sj^mmetrical, it will serve tofconvey
an idea of the appearance of this remarkable insect. The left wings are, however,
correct.

278 [November

PAPILIO DAUNUS Boisd. (Fig. 2, reduced.)
A male of this fine species, collected in Kansas near the Rocky Mount-
ains, is now in the Collection of the Entomological Society, presented by
Dr. T. B. Wilson.

This species is described by Boisduval in his Spec. gen. p. 342, from
Mexico, and as I have never heard before of its occurrence north of the
Kio Clraude. it will not perhaps be uninteresting to point out here the dif-
ferences that exist between it and F. tvmns, with which it has a striking
resemblance.

It differs from hirnus as follows: — The body is half again as large, and
the antennae are two lines longer than of any male specimen of turmts
Fig. 2. that I have examined. The primaries are long-

er, more curved and narrower at the apex and
shaped more like P. tltoas; the posterior margin
of the secondaries is very deeply and acutely
dentated, and has three unequal tails of the fol-
lowing dimensions : the outer one is 9 lines long,
linear and curved inwards; the middle tail is 4:
lines long, straight; the innermost tail is 2 lines
long, broad and obtuse. The markings differ as
follows: the black dorsal line of the thorax is
narrower and does not widen posteriorly. There
is not so much black on the wings, the yellow of the upper side is deeper
and the yellowish crenulations of the posterior margin are almost obsolete;
the yellowish spots on the black marginal band are much larger, elon-
gate and merely separated by the nervures, those nearest the apex be-
ing broader; inside of this row of yellowish spots the black band is sur-
mounted with a distinct row of yellowish atoms; the four unequal black
bands proceeding from the costal margin, are situated as in tnrnus, but
the first or innermost one is narrow and tapers to the anal angle of the
secondaries, the second and third bands do not extend beyond the median
nervure, and the fourth is short and obsolete. The under side of the pri-
maries is the same as the upper side, except that the color is much light-
er, and the row of yellow spots on the posterior margin is broader and be-
comes a regular band. The upper side of the secondaries is marked as
in furnna, except that the fulvnus spot on the anterior angle is wanting in
this species. The under side has no fulvous spots except on the last
marginal lunule and the anal eye, the bluish atoms are very brilliant, and
the row of yellowish atoms very distinct. Expands nearly five inches.

1S(>2.] :i79

STATE 1) M K K TING. December S.
Vice-President Bland in the Chair.
Nineteen members present.

REPORTS OP OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES.

The report of the Recording Secretary was read as follows : — ^

REPOET OF THE RECOKDING SECRETARY

FOR 1862.

Another year has passed away and we are again assembled to review
the labors of the past. It is with feeling of pride and satisfaction that
the Recording Secretary presents the following Report, and at the same
time begs leave once more to congratulate the members on the continued
advancement and prosperity of the Society.

Notwithstanding the troubled state of the Country, and the constant
occurrence of events calculated to engross the entire attention of the com-
munity in general, yet time has been found and devoted to the subject of
Entomology to such an extent as to warrant our saying that this branch
of Natural Science has not heretofore received so great attention.

In regard to the Cabinet, the results of the past year are very gratifying.
The following extracts made from the Reports of the Committees in charge
of the various departments, will show the condition of the Cabinet to be
prosperous : —

Coleoptera now in the collection, 2979 species. Increase, 429 species.

Lqndoptera " " " 1404 " " 885 "

Nf'uroptera.1 ^

Ortlioptrra, V " " " B21 " ' " 72 "

Hemipttra )

Hymcnoptera " " " 217 " " 81 "

Dlptera ^' '• " 271 =' '' 47 "

Making a total of 5,192 species, being an increase of 1,514 species dur-
ing the past year.

The Library has also received considerable attention, as will be seen in
the printed proceedings of the meetings of the Society. There is an in-
crease of 344 volumes and pamphlets during the past year, making a total
of 47o volumes and pamphlets now in the Library, including a number

280 [December

of rare and valuable works, whereby the student of Entomology may have
opportunities of research hitherto unattainable, except at considerable
trovible and expense.

The Printed Proceedings of the Society are also on the progressive ;
material has not as yet been wanting, wherewith to enrich its pages, and
what was commenced in doubt and fear, is now conducted in full confi-
dence, that no effort will be spared in the continuance of so noble an effort.

During the past year there have been presented for publication, 22
papers, as follows: —

By Baron B. Osten Sacken, three, to wit: "Descriptions of some Lar-
vae of North American Coleoptera;" "Characters of the larvae of Myce-
tophilida);" "Additions and corrections to the paper entitled ' On the
Cynipida; of the North American Oaks and their galls."

By Brackenridge Clemens, M. D., three to wit: "New American Mic-
ro-Lepid(ipteni,'' two papers; "Synopsis of Families of Heterocera."

By Edward Norton, three, to wit: "A notice of several new species of
Tenthrediuidju;" "Description of several new Hymeuoptera;" "On the
Synonyms of Cimbex Americana."

By S. B. Buckley, two, to wit: "The Tarantula (Mygale Heutzii GJ.)
and its destroyer (Pompilus formosus /Sa^);'" " Desci'iptious of two new
species of Termites from Texas."

By W. II. Edwards, two, to wit: "Notes upon Grapta comma of Harris
and Grapta faunus, Edwards." "Descriptions of certain species of Diur-
nal Lepidoptera found within the United States, figured in Doubleday's
Genera, but undescribed."

By E. T. Cressou, two, to wit: "Catalogue of the described species of
North American Ilymenoptera." Two papers.

By George H. Horn, M. D., " Descriptions of same new North Ameri-
can Coleoptera."

By IT. T. Pay: "On Winter Collecting."

By Aug. R. Grote: "Additions to the Catalogue of United States Lepi-
doi)tera."

By James H. B. Bland: "Descriptions of several supposed new speciei*
of Cerambycidae in the collection of the Entomological Society of Phila-
delphia, with observations on some already described."

By James Ridings: "Description of a species of .Egerid;e from Vir-
ginia, supposed to be new, and some observations upon Papilio Daunus.'

By J. A. Lintner: "Metamorphoses of Ceratoniia (luadricornis."

By B. D. Walsh: "On the genera of Ajihidae foimd in the U. States."

A number of written and verbal conmiuuication.s have, from time to
time, been oifered, some of which are (juite interesting as well as import-
ant.

During the past year, ending November oUth, 1862, there have been
elected 8 Resident and 21 Corresponding Members.

Seven Members have been added by virture of the Charter of the
Society.

The Society now numbers 65 Resident and 48 Corresponding Members.

The avei'age attendance at the Monthly Meetings of the Society, has
been about sixteen Members.

The Society is greatly indebted to our fellow-members Dr. Thomas R.
Wilson and Col. Craig Riddle, who, by their zealous endeavours, succeed-
ed in obtaining a Charter, whereby it is enabled to take its place among
the Scientific Institutions of this City.

During the past year the Constitution and Ry-laws of the Society were
entirely revised in conformity to the aforementioned Charter.

The Society has now at its command a commodious Hall, wherein the
Meetings are held, and the printing of the Proceedings &c., is conducted.
The operations of the Society are being constantly facilitated, and noth-
ing remains but for the Members to come forward and contribute their
mite of labor and knowledge to the cause in which we are engaged.
Much mateinal remains to be w\orked up, and it is hoped that the ('om-
mittees in charge of the various departments will do all they can to study
out the names of such material as they may have on hand, so that we may
always have the specimens in our collection correctly named and classified.

As an aid to the Society, there has been a Collecting Fund established,
for the purpose of sending out Collectors, and also to purchase such col-
lections of Insects as may tend to enhance the value of the Society's Cab-
inet. Not only is the Society benefited by this fund, but the Members
themselves will find it to their iutei'ests to subscribe to said fund, as it
will enable them to enrich their own collections. The object is a good one
and should be encouraged.

All of which is respectfully submitted by

.]. Frank Knight,
Record i n g Secreta r y .

282 [December

The Annual Reports of the Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, and
the Standing Committees on Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Dip-
tera, Neuroptera &c., Library and Publication, were read.

The Committees on the papers of Messrs. Lintner and Walsh, read
November 10th. reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings
of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

The following (87 specimens of) Lepidoptera were kindly determined
for the Society by Mr. Aug. R. Glrote of New York, and presented by
the Committee on Collecting Fund: — ITaksidota tesselaris Sm., Orocota
ruhicundaria Hiib., Gnophria vittata Harris, Datana ministra Drury,
Diphthera fallax Herr. Sch., Gonoptera Uhatrix Linn., Euplexia luci-
pai'a Linn., Oirroedfa jm'nipinn Gruen., Di/jjtfirigia pinastri Linn., Noc-
tiia hicarnea Gn.. N. C-nignnn Linn., N. triangulmn Gin., Agrotls snffusa,
A. jaculifera Griien., Ghersotu plecta Linn., Placodes cinereola Guen.,
Plasia se.rt'a Hiib., Erastrla canieola Guen., E. nigritula Guen., Hadena
arnica, H. viiseModes Guen., Jleliofhis (irinigcra Linn., Panopoda ruhri-
costa Guen., P. carneicosta Guen., P. Gressonii Grote (Type), Xantliop-
tera nigro-Jimhria Guen., Helia amerlcalh Gu^n., and Pyralis farinaUs;
also a female specimen of ITcmrrojdulu vtn'ftin'a Herr. Sch., presented by
J. H. B. Bland.

24 Lepidoptera {Endrj/as um'o, E. grata, Glaucojns pholm, Pygse,ra
alh[froHiij SplJomma acrea, Arctia Is(djella, A. n'rgiuica, Gallhnorpha
Lecontc!, Lophocariipa carijpc, L. tesselaris, Leucanifi nnipnncta, Plusia
halhica, P.fesfue?e, Hadena xi/linoides, Nadeita gibbosa, Geramica exusta,
Gnndtid innbratiea, Hi/pena ere.ctalis, Pi/ralis farinaUs, Amphydasis rog-
iiatarla. Abraxas ribearia 9 , Gidaria diversilineata). from J. A. Lintner
of Schoharie, New York.

14(i British Lepidoptera (7^ryj*7/o «(or/(ao», P.jtodalirius, Goliasedu-
sa % 9 7 ^^*- ItJ/O'lc, Pieris brassier % 9 i J^- ^'(ipse % '^ , P. sahellicsc % 9 ■,
P. napi % '^ , P. daplidiee % , Eachloe rardamines S 9 > Lcptosia Can-
dida, Parnassius Apollo % 9 , Aporia eratsegi, Melitsea selene, M. euphro-
si/ne, Argiyiuiis papliia, A. aglaia, Va)iissa polyeldoros, Y. G-alhnm,, V.
iirticsr, V. io, V. atalanta, Apatura iris, Llmenitis sihilla, Arge galathea,
Lasiomiitata trgcria. L. megfp,ra, Hippar(hi<i semde, IT. tithonus, H. jan-
ini. IJ . Iii/piro ntli ii!<. ('(innnj/m plni darim. ('. iia niji/i i/iis, Or<iua bJainlnia.

im2.-\

283

Limenifia camUla, Camoii/mjiha poli/i/ama, Thcrhi querrm, Thecla rii/>i,
Chri/xophanuA phlaeas, Lt/cfcna diqxir % 9 , Fa/j/ommatus alms, F.seyon,
P. corydon, P. dori/fas, Smen'nfhm oreUatus, S. populi, S. ttlise, Sphinx
convohuh\ S. lujustri, S. pinastri, Aclierontia atroptos, Dellephila evplior-
hife, Chaerocamjni elpenor, C. p)orceUus, Marrogloasa stcllatarum, Sesia
fuciformis, Ino sfafireJ!, Anthrocera /ilipendidx, Sphecia bemheciformis,
Sphecia apiformu, Hcp)ialu>i lirriiis, Hcpialus velleda, Hepialus si/lvinus,
IFfpiahs hmnidi % 9 , Cossus Ugyiiprrdi, Zenzera pescidi), from James
Ridings.

2 CoLEOPTERA (Oalosoma externum, Thanasimus dubius), from Clias.
F. Parker.

2 Lepidoptera (Evdri/as uni'o), from William Weuzel.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Patent Office Report on Agriculture, for 1854 (£■ 1861. From Charles
F. Parker. 2 Vols. 8vo.

List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois contained in the Cabinet of
the writer, with descriptions of over forty new species, and notes on their
structural affinities. By BcnJ. D. Walsh, M. A. From the Author.

Additions to the nomenclature of North American Lepidoptera, No. 2.
By Aug. R. Grate. From the Author.

Prairie Farmer {Chicago, 111.), Nos. 19 to 22 of Vol. 10. From the
Editors.

The following works were deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson : —

Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Tome 8 — 11; 2 serie,
Tome 1—10; 3 serie. Tome 1—7. 21 Vols. 8vo.

Le Rlgne Animal, distribue d'aprts son organisation, lusectes. Far
Georges Cuvier. Texte et Atlas. 4 Vols. Royal 8vo.

Nouvelle Methode de Classer les Eymenopth-es. Far L. Jurine. 1
Vol. 8vo.

Monograpthia Cassididarum. Auctore C. H. Boheman. 4 Vols. 8vo.

Hymenoptera Europsea, ptrxcipue Borealia. Ab. A. G. Dahlbom. 2
Vols. 8vo.

Zoologischer Atlas. Von Dr. F. Eschscholtz. 1 Vol. Folio.

Sysfcmii Entomologix. J. C. Fabricii. 1 Vol. 8vo.

284 , [Decembkr

Systema Rhyngotorum. J. C Fahn'n'i. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Synonymid Insectorum. Yon C J. iScJioii/irrr. 4 Vols. 8vo.

Curculionklum dhjjusitio Methodica. Auctore C. J. Schonherr. 1 Vol.
8vo.

Die Rhynchoten Livlands in systematischer Folye beschrieben. Von Dr.
Gustav Flor. 2 Vols. Royal 8vo.

BibUotheca Entomoloyica. Yon Dr. H. A. Hayen. Erster Band. A —
M. 1 Vol. 8vo.

Arcana Entoniologica. By J. 0. Westicood. 2 Vols. 8vo.

2^''ati(rafisfs Repository or Miaeellany of Exotic Natural History. By
E. Donovan. 5 Vols. 8vo.

AVRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read from

G. W. Beadle, dated St. Catharines, C. W., November 17th, 1862. ac-
knowledging his election as a (Corresponding Member of the Society:

J. A. Lintner, dated Schoharie, New York, acknowledging his election
as a Corresponding ^lember, and transmitting donations to the Cabinet of
the Society:

AVilliam Cowper, dated Quebec, Canada, November 14th & 25th, 1802,
acknowledging his election as a Corresponding Member, and calling the
attention of the Society to the utility of forming a Collection of Insect
Architecture in connection with the Entomological Cabinet, and statin"-
that the study of such is highly instructive and attractive, and that many
very important discoveries are made from collecting and preserving mater-
ial of that nature.

The following paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings:
"Additions to the Catalogue of United States Lepidoptera, No. 2, by A.
R. Grote."

And was referred to a Committee.

ELECTIONS.

On ballot, the Rev. W. P. Bi-eed and jMr. Christian Kline were elected
Resident Members, and Mr. Harvey J. Rich of Brooklyn, New York,
and Dr. Beverley R. Morris of Toronto. Canada West, were elected Cor-
responding Members of the Society.

The Society then proceeded to elect Officers and Standing Committees
for the ensuing year, with the following result: —

1S()-J.] 285

OFFJCKKS.

PRESIDENT.
James 11. B. Bland.

VICE-PRESIDENT.
Charles F. Parker.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
Ezra T. Cresson.

RECORDING SECRETARY.
J. Frank Knight.

TREASURER.

Charles Wilt.

STANDING COMMITTFEH.

COLEOPTERA.
J. H. B. Bland, Samuel Lewis, M. D.. Henry Feldman.

LEPIDOPTERA.
James Ridings, Charles A. Blake, AVilliam Wenzel.

NEUROPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA.
J. Frank Knight, Charles F. Parker, John Pearsall.

HEMIPTERA AND APTERA.
Charles F. Parker, John Pearsall, J. Frank Knight.

HYMENOPTERA.
Ezra T. CressoD, James Ridings, James .W. McAllister.

DIPTERA.
T. B. Wilson, M. I)., Charles Wilt,' William Wenzel.

LIBRARY.
Charles A. Blake, Samuel Lewis, M. 1)., Charles F. Parker.

PUBLICATION.
T. B. Wilson, M. 1).. Ezra T. Cresson. John Meichel.

COLLECTING FUND.
Samuel Lewis. >L D.. Charles Wilt. p]zra T. Cresson.

286 [T)|-.f'KMHKIl

Metamorphoses of CERATOMIA QUADRICORNIS, Harris.
BY J. A. LINTNER.

On the 4th day of July, a female Ceratomia quadrlcornk was bri)u;iht
to me. which I inclosed in a box, in the hope of securing some of the
e,ti,gs. with which the body appeared to be distended. During the three
ibllowiiig days, it deposited one hundred and seventy eggs. A couple of
days thereafter it was found dead ; on opening the abdomen, not a single
etis; was remainiu"' in it.

This is the only instance in which I have been successful in obtaining
a deposition of eggs from a Sphinx^ although frequently having had thejn
to die. with their bodies filled with eggs apparently matured. Mr. Ed-
wards, of Newburgh. N. Y., informs me, that he has this season succeed-
ed in pairing Sinerinfhus i/emiii/ifua, Say, from which he obtained eggs
the following day, and in ten days, the larva;.

The Eii"- of 0. anadricontk, is of a uniform delicate pale green, smooth,
njund as seen from above when attached to the leaf, but slightly flattened
on its upper and lower sides ; greatest diameter .054 in.. The shell, after
tlie escape of the larva, is thin, colorless and transparent.

The young larva; made their appearance on the 11th and 12th. They
were of a pale green color; measured .2 in.; caudal horn sparsely dotted
and tipped with brown, straight, of about half the length of the body ;
the thoracic horns apparent; the dorsal serrations barely visible.

Their exit from the shell, is effected by eating an opening of sufficient
size to permit their egTess. Upon emerging, the first act of the larva, is
to devour the remainder of the shell. Transferred to some tender leaves
of the Elm (Ulmus americann) — its natural food — it crawls about for a
time, as if seeking a suitable position for feeding, which in almost every
instance, is on the nervure of the leaf, with its head towards the margin.
If disturbed, it throws itself in the peculiar Sphinx attitude, when even
but a few hours old. If another larva ventures to crawl over it, it lashes
its body violently from side to side, or entwines about the intruder, both
•sometimes falling together, or hanging suspended by the thread, which
they emit in their progress, at this stage of growth.

Two days before its molting, it ceases feeding, and assumes the follow-
ing position (which it holds until the change): the terminal prolegs em-
bracing one of the nervures, the body detached from the leaf, and its an-
terior portion strongly curved, until the head is brought almost underneath
it. After the lapse of a few hours, V)y })lacing the larva between the eye

1S02.] -'>*7

and the light, tlio first stago ol' t!io multiiiL;- jirocoss can be seen. The
front of the head shows a translucent linear spnce. indicating the separa-
tion of the head within, from its outer case. As this space increases, tlie
first and second segments of the body show a corresponding enlargement,
until the head has been wholly withdrawn from its case, and is covered
by the skin of the anterior segments, now much extended from the great-
ly increased size of the head.* The color of the larva becomes dull, from
the absorption by the body, it is supposed, of the fatty matter which sepa-
rated the new skin from the outer, leaving the latter comparatively dry,
and in readiness to be cast off.

The actual molting commences, by a rupture of the skin at its junction
with the head case, above. The muscular effort of the larva usually sufii-
ces to accomplish this, and to detach the case, but occasionally, it is oblig-
ed to resort to violent rubbing against the leaf. If the case should still
remain connected by a small portion of the skin, the larva proceeds to
extricate its legs, with which it seizes the case, and at once effects the sep-
aration; in no instance is it allowed to remain attiiched. These cases,
thrown oft" as they are, by all the Sphin.x larvaj, unbroken and often i-e-
taining the original colors, should be careful!}- preserved, whenever the
opportunity offers, as interesting and valuable cabinet specimens. Through
the opening thus made, the larva, by the alternate extension and contrac-
tion of its segments, emerges from its old covering, with a brighter and
usually a different coloration, and materially increased size: the operation
requires about five minutes for its accomplishment. f

The molting completed as above, the larva moves backwards a few steps,
until it comes in contact with the skin still adhering firmly to the ner-
vure, when it elevates the posterior portion of its body over it, and grasps
it firmly with its terminal prolegs. In this position, it continues motion-
less for about two hours, when it turns deliberately about, and commences
to feed upon its old skin, of which it usually leaves not a fragment re-

••■ It is only at the moltings, that the head, by its release from the confinement
of the old case, is capable of eulargeinent, retaining the size which it then receives
until the next change. Immediately after a molting, its diameter is greater than
that of the body ; before the next molting, less.

t The molting process, as given us, without qualification, by authors, viz. — the
sk'in splits longitudinally along the back, and the caterpillar extricates itself from
its old covering, by drawing out the body, leaving all the external visible organs,
even the mandibles and palpi, attached to the old skin, — is true of some of the
families of Lepidoptcra, but never of the Sphingidce, except in the final casting of
the skin, uiion as.-iuming the pupa state.

288 [Dkcemhkr

iiiaining. Haviug tiuished its anoiuolous repast of" animal food, after a
brief rest, it betakes itself to its accustomed diet. 1 regret that the ex-
periment was not made, of depriving the larva of its egg-shell and skin,
with a view of determining whether they are essential to its health.

Before the first molting, the larva measures from .4 to .45 in. in length ;
body cylindrical, with a whitish vascular line and lateral stripes, and faint
sub-dorsal lines; the thoracic horns barely visible; head smooth and uni-
colored.

The tii'st molting was on the 16th and 17th. The head and caudal horn
are now granulated; thoracic horns prominent; the dorsal serrations, late-
ral stripes and thoracic lines distinct; the sub-dorsal lines (which are soon
to be effaced) still visible.

Up to this period, fifty of the larva? had died, and a number had escap-
ed from their confinement, probably sufficient to have brought the mortal-
ity to forty per cent of the entire brood. T suspected that so large a loss
must have been owing to injuries sustained in their daily removal to fresh
leaves, although a delicate camels-hair pencil was emjtloyed, and the ut-
most care used in the operation. I learn, however, from Mr. Edwards,
that an equal mortality attended his brood of S. (jemiiiatus, which were
not handled, but permitted to make their way unaided to fresh twigs placed
beside them. This critical period safely passed, the few deaths which
subsequently occured, were clearly traceable to external injuries.

Previous to the second molting, the larva measures from .6 to .7 in.; color
pale green, yellowish at the incisures; the dorsal serrations and lateral
stripes yellowish-green ; the thoracic and caudal horns pale yellow ; the
sub-dorsal lines have disappeared; the stigmata not visible, being of the
color of the body.

The second molting commenced on the 22nd, on which day three larvae
molted, twelve on the 23rd, eight on the 24th, and the last on the 27th.
(The brood was now reduced to about a third of its original number.)
The dorsal serrations are now prominent, and the lateral stripes show gran-
iilations; caudal horn with brown granulations in front and rear; the stig-
mata appear, with a black central line.

When ready for its third molting, the larva measures from I inch to
1.2 in.; head with whitish lateral lines; caudal horn a deeper yellow than
before; Icg^ tipped with brown.

The third molting extended from the 2Sth of July to the 1st of Aug..
Larva light green, with serrations and lateral granulations whitish; the

IS 02.] 289

caudal horn, which has heretofore been straight, is now curveil, of a yel-
low-green color, granulated with brown anteriorly; anal jihite yellow bord-
ered ; thoracic horns yellowish tipped.

Before the next molting, the larva has increased to 1.6 imli in length,
with veiy little variation in color from that above noted. At this stage,
when the head has been withdrawn from its case, its whitish lateral lines
can be plainly seen through the skin of the first segment which covers it.

The fourth and last molting was on xVug. 3rd, and the six following
days. The meltings, with but few exceptions, take place at night; thus,
nn the morning of the 3rd, twenty-three larvae had undergone the change,
since they were last observed on the evening of the 1st; none molted dur-
ing the day of the 3rd, but the following morning thirteen were found in
their new dress. A large proportion of the sphinges which I have rear-
ed, have also undergone their imago transformation during the night — an
observation the more interesting from its not being in obedience to any
general law governing the entire order of Lepidoptera, — for while from
twenty pupae of Pi/gsera albifrons Sm.Abb., which I had at one time in
my possession, each one emerged during the night, — from fifty cocoons of
Saturnia lo Fab., obtained by me from the eggs of one female, every one
made its exit in the day time.

The above molting was attended with the following marked change of
coloration : larva tan color, with serrations and granulations lighter or
ochreous; head umber color, with granulations almost black, the lateral
stripes light brown, and mandibles shining black ; first segment of the
body anteriorly and thoracic horns exteriorly with whitish granulations ;
stigmata black, bordered with white, and divided by a white line, appear-
ing blue by contrast; caudal horn reddish-brown, and quite rough with
lighter granulations, some of which are tipped with a short hair; anal
plate and shields dark brown, with black granulations; legs tan color.

The mature larva measures from 2.75 to 3.25 inches. Its coloration
was as follows: body reddish-brown ; head brown with indistinct lateral
stripes of lighter; collar, anal plate and shields, and exterior of pcolegs
brown granulated with black; tips of the thoracic horns with oblong white
granulations; dorsal serrations tipped with whitish or pink.

The larva, as above described, was very unlike all the individuals of the
species that I have captured, which have uniformly been of a whitish-green
assuming a rose or violet shade when ready to enter the ground;* of my

•■■■ My observations do not. confirm the opinion of Dr. Clemens, that thin cliange
fif <'o]nr is a sexual charnctorisf ie.

290 [Deckmbek

brood of forty, which I carried through to pupation, only one (the last
which matured, later by four days than any other) was of the ordinary
green, but without the usual change of shade, before burying in the ground.
This marked departure from the characteristic coloration, was doubtless
the result of indoor development, for I have before observed similar dii^er-
ences in color in larvae which I have reared, from those of the same spe-
cies matured with their natural exposure, — the variation tending always
to deeper shades, — the reverse of what would naturally be expected, rea-
soning from the known eflFect of sun-light and air upon the vegetable world.

In many of the Sphingidae the larval coloration is subject to such vari-
ation, that it is of comparatively little value in the description of species.
For instance, in Sphinx quinquemaculata Haw., we find all the intermed-
iate varieties of color, from a grass-green to dark brown: S])lii%x cingulata
Fab., is said to present the same range of variation. The external larval
Btructure, however, is constant, and therefore of primary importance.

In C. quadricornis, the head is large, semi-oval, flattened in front, gran-
ulated. Body with the abdominal segments cylindrical, thoracic segments
tapering slightly; on the second and third segments each, two short, straight,
tuberculated, fleshy horns; a dorsal row of fleshy serrations, commencing
on the fourth segment, of one tooth to each of the eight wrinkles,* in
which the segments are divided; from the anterior horn, a short row of
tubercles extends downwards to a faint subdorsal line, sometimes obsolete;
a line of granulations connects the thoracic horns, and is continued indis-
tinctly across the fourth segment; a similar substigmatal line crosses the
second and third segments, and joins the first lateral stripe; a line of tu-
bercles borders the collar anteriorly; seven lateral stripes of granulations
extending over the whole of one segment, and two-eights and six-eights
respectively of two others. Caudal horn of medium length, stout, curved
and quite rough with acute granulations; anal plate and shields granu-
lated.

On the 9th, four of the larvae reached maturity, indicating the period
by ceasing to eat, and remaining motionless in one position. The follow-
ing day they descended from the branches and commenced crawling vig-
orously about the case in which they were confined, endeavoring to make
their escape. At this stage, the larva cannot be induced to enter the
ground, and even if covered by a body of earth, it forces its way to the

■••■ Thi3 number is uniform in all the Sphinx larvae which I have examined. an<l
probably in all those which are wrinkled tran.sversely.

1802.] 2!)1

surface. A day later, its color ha.s become dull, it i.s more sluggish in its
movements, and is no longer capable of clinging to even a rough surface
with its feet, from which, before, it could with difficulty be detached. If
a box of earth be now furnished it, it at once thrusts in its head, and in a
brief space of time di.sappears beneath the surface, penetrating to the bot-
tom of the box where it constructs the cell in which it undergoes its pupa
and imago metamorphoses.

The Cell measures 21 by 1| inches, and is of an elongate oval form, flat-
tened on the bottom of the box, with its broader end elevated at an angle
of about fifteen degrees; from this end the imago always makes its escape.
The cell is molded in general outline by the pressure of the body of the
larva, and afterwards worked into its precise shape and compactness of wall
by the stronger muscular force of the head. The entire inner surface of
the cell is covered with little pits made by the anterior portion of the head,
in which the impress of the mandibles is plainly seen.

By the time that the cell is completed, a contraction in the length of
the larva, and a gradual approach in form to that of a pupa is apparent.
Five days after entering the earth, the skin, which has become shrivelled
and dry, separates at the dorsal line on the first segment, disclosing the
pupa, and very soon thereafter the operation of removing the skin com-
mences. By alternate extensions and contractions of the segments, the
skin is seized between them and drawn backward, forcing the head of the
pupa within the opening which enlarges by its extension across the second
segment, and down the central suture of the head-case. The skin having
been by this means loosened from the inclosed pupa, and partially with-
drawn, its removal is completed by means of the spine, in which the ab-
domen of the pupa terminates, which is thrust into the skin at various
points, and from the freedom of motion — both laterally and linearly —
which the abdominal structure allows it, accomplishes the work with ease
and rapidity. With this statement of the important part which the ter-
minal spine performs in this metamorphosis, those who have previously
looked upon the long, stout and bifurcated spine of the Bri/ocampidse,
simply as a curious appendage, may see in it an admirable provision for
overcoming the apparent difficulty of the removal of the skin from a pupa
roughened with granulations, thickly studded with teeth, and encircled on
each ring with an armature of spines.

The Pupa, which is at first of an amber color, in the course of a few
hours changes to brown, although entirely excluded from the light. In
two or three days it becomes a very dark glossy brown, its wing cases tin-

292 [December

ged with red. It is 2 inches long by .6 in. broad; cylindrico-conical; tho-
racic diameter nearly equal to abdominal; slightly compressed laterally,
behind the base of. the wing cases; terminal segment not blunt, but taper-
ing to the spine; head case not projecting, extending vei-y little beyond
the base of the antennae cases which are full, rounded, showing distinctly
the joints; tongue case buried; thoracic stigmata broadly open, semi-oval;
abdominal rings puuctulated and wrinkled, except on their posterior third;
terminal spine short, stout, rough, rather blunt.

The above metamorphoses, through which, in the space of forty-two days,
the egg passes into the pupa, are naturally divisible into the seven follow-
ing periods: from the deposition of the egg to the development of the
larva — from the larva to its first molting — the three intervals between the
moltings — from the last molting to maturity — and from maturity to the
pupa. These periods show an interesting uniformity in length, — five of
the seven consisting of sis days each; had fractions of days been noted in
the observations, it is probable that the variation of one day each, shown
by the remaining two, would have been diminished.

The Imago, after having passed the winter in its pupa state, makes its
appearance usually in the month of June. I regret that I am unable to
give this period with greater precision, but having had the larva to enter
the gTOund for pupation as early as Aug. 3rd, and as late as Sept. 17th —
a range of seven weeks, — a corresponding difference in the time of the ap-
pearance of the imago, is presumable. Occasionally its transformation is
delayed until the following spring. Of several pupae obtained in the fall
of 1861, two, at the present time, are still in the pupa state, to all appear-
ances in good condition, while others of the number, subjected to the
same treatment and exposure, made their escape at the usual time. This
protracted pupation has been previously observed in some of the Sphing-
idae. It has come under my personal observation only in the species un-
der consideration, in Sphinx drupifc/rarimi Sm. Abb., and Sphinx quin-
quemaculata Harris.

While the larva of C quadricoi-nis is not rare in this locality — each
year furnishing me with individuals — I have captured the imago but once
during several years of collecting. Should the larva be so fortunate as to
avoid discovery by the keen eye of a bird, during the earlier stages of its
growth, its large size as it approaches maturity, and color differing mater-
ially from that of the leaf on which it feeds, allow it rarely to escape the
eager search of its natural parasite. Once discovered, its little enemy

1862.] 203

quickly introduces within its body :i number of eggs, while against the
fatal attack, the poor victim has no adequate means of defense. Occasion-
ally the death of the larva follows, before its transfownatiou, but usually
it buries in tlie ground with sufficient vitality remaining to carry it through
its change. I have not obtained the parasite, but when the imago has
failed to appear in due time, an examination of my boxes has given me
the pupa case filled with the undeveloped parasitic pupae, resembling those
of the order of Diptera; the fact, however, of the eggs being deposited
within the body of the larva, instead of upon it, determines them to be of
the Ilymeiioptera.

The very accurate description of the imago by Dr. Clemens in his Syn-
opsis of the Sphingidaj, needs nothing additional, beyond a few sexual
characteristics. The specimens before him were doubtless females. The
males in my collection present the following features : the discal spot is
fawn color, small; the subterminal lines and those crossing the basal por-
tion of the anterior wings are much less distinctly marked than in the op-
posite sex; the posterior wings have the subterminal band narrower and
better defined, and two lunated bands crossing their middle.

From the small number of individuals in my possession, I am unable
to give the variation which this species ofiers. The variation presented
within the limit of a single brood — always interesting, but particularly so
in the attractive family of 8phingidte — I .shall be able to report hereafter,
if successful in obtaining the perfect insect from a fair proportion of my
pupa3. It will also afford a rare opportunity of noting to what extent, if
any, a marked departure in the larva, from its normal coloration, is repro-
ducible in the imago.

294 [Deoemrer

On the genera of APHID^ found in the United States.
BY BEN.J. D. WALSH, M. A.

The chief object of the following paper is to direct attention to the
various generic forms of the Aphis family, which I know to occur
within the limits of the United States either from observation or from
books. I do not possess Koch's great work on this family, and unlike our
more fortunate Eastern brethren, we Western naturalists have no Public
Scientific Libraries to aid us in our investigations. In order therefore
that no mistake may arise as to the generic limitation of species, and also
for the sake of brevity, I have compiled, partly from such resources as
are at my disposal and partly from my own investigations, the following
Synoptical Table of U. S. Grenera. Some of the old genera which are
retained are ignored by Koch, as I have been kindly informed by A.
Agassiz, Jr. Esq., who has obligingly forwarded to me such extracts from
Koch's hookas I asked of him; one genns (Thelaxes') has not hitherto
been discovered in the United States, and another ( Oalaj)his) is, so far as
I am aware, entirely new. Subjoined will be found references to all the
described U. S. species known to me, and brief descriptions of such as
appear to be new, always from the dried specimens except it is otherwise
stated, the food-plants being given whenever they are known. All the
new species occurred near Rock Island, Illinois. Imperfect as they are,
such descriptions may perhaps serve some useful purpose.

Linnaeus long ago remarked on the difficulty of distinguishing the vari-
ous species of Aphidse. If we suppose, as some authors have done, that
similar species of Aphidse inhabiting distinct species of the same botanical
family are therefore necessarily distinct, the number of Aphidian species
will be enormously large. For example, a large and conspicuously mark-
ed red species described by Dr. Fitch as Aphis rudheckix occurs, accord-
ing to Dr. Fitch, on Rudbeckia laciniata, Solidago serotina and S. gigantea;
and a species differing only in some minute details of coloring, and which
I have little doubt is identical, occurs, as I have myself observed, on Sil-
phium perfoliatum and an undetermined species of Cirsium — all five of
the above plants belonging to the great Natural family Compositx. Here,
if difference of food-plant makes difference of species, we get from three
to five species of Aphis in the place of one. But I am myself acquainted
with many species, found on plants of distinct natural families, which are
either entirely undistinguishable when the living insects are placed side

ISiVi.] 295

b}' side, or dift'er only by very slight cluiracters, which would not be i;eii-
erally considered sufficient to separate two insects specifically. A case of
this kind is noticed below under Larhnus Can/se — a* gigantic aphidian
hitherto found only on the Hickory, but which I have found on the Hick-
ory, the Bass-wood, and the Oak. Perhaps, however, a more careful study
of these species in all their three states, might disclose distinctions, which,
if constant, might be of specific value. If, on the other hand, experiment
should prove, that a colony of one supposed species could be transferred
without injury to their health and procreative powers to a plant of another
family inhabited by another supposed species which closely resembled it,
the proof of their specific identity would be nearly complete. The whole
subject is obscure and requires further investigation.

If we recur to the analogy of other families of Insects which have near-
ly the same habits as Aphidsc — for example Tiivjidm among the Hcterop-
tera — the difficulty is not lessened. As a general rule, so far as my own ob-
servation extends, each species of Tinjis is confined to some particular plant.
For instance, T. ciUata Say occurs only on the sycamore or buttuuwood
(platanus occideutalis), where I have noticed it in profusion on the uuder
side of the leaves along with its larva both in North and South Illinois.
But on the other hand, T. juglandis Fitch, which that author states to
breed on the butternut and to be "sometimes met with on birch, on wil-
lows, and other trees," is undistinguishable, so far as the brief description
of the imago goes, from a species which I found in profusion in South
Illinois on what I took to be an ash. Again, a third species, which so far
as I know is undescribed, occurs on the bass, the wild cherry, and the
false indigo (amorpha fruticosa), or at all events the imagos found in great
abundance on these three plants belonging to three distinct families, are
undistinguishable when placed side by side. Perhaps part of the difficul-
ty may arise from authors supposing that, because they found a species on
a particular plant unaccompanied by its larva, it must necessarily have
bred on that plant.

But even if a species of Aphia found in company with its larva on one
plant differs obviously from another Apliis found in company with its larva
on another plant belonging to a different botanical family, it does not nec-
essarily follow, according to the general views of entomologists, that the
two are specifically distinct. There is a remarkable example in Lejiidop-
tera of a very considerable variation, correlated with variation in the food-
plant, in an insect feeding on plants of distinct botanical families, not be-

290 [December

I'ng considered of specific value. The larva of Dataua* ministra, Drury,
is described both by Harris and by Fitch as being always vittate with yel-
low, and having the superior surface of the first segment yellow. All
those that I have myself noticed on the oak, the apple, the wild-thorn,
and some other trees were so marked; and so conspicuous is the yellow
patch on the first thoracic segment, that Dr. Fitch has appropriately called
this larva "the yellow-necked worm." In the year 1861 I found numerous
mature specimens of this larva on the hickory, all of which varied from the
normal type in being entirely black, with no vestige whatever of any yel-
low markings. One of these I preserved in alcohol, and from some of the
others I obtained in 1862 2^29 imagos, which differ only from Dr.
Fitch's elaborate description of the imago (2nd N- Y. Report, p. 239), and
from the colored figure in the new Edition of Harris's Injurious Insects,
in being slightly smaller in expanse, (1.45 — 2.00 inch instead of 1.75 —
2.50 inch, Harris, and 2.00 — 2.40 inch. Fitch,) and in the fringe of the
front wings not being "edged with whitish on the apex." All the larvae
that I noticed in 1862 on the hickory were similarly devoid of the yellow
marking; and Abbott in his Insects of Geor(jia, (p. 161 quoted in the
first edition of Harris's luj. Ins. p. 318,) says that these larvae " besides
the leaves of a species of Andromeda also eat the leaves of several kinds
of walnut and oak; and that tliose vhich eat ivalnut leaves are always Idack
with white hairs, and when their food is of the oak that they are more
yellow; but that he had not observed any material difference in the moths."
For what reason I do not know, this quotation from Abbott is entirely
omitted in the recent edition of Harris's Book, (A. D. 18G2) and prob-
ably also from the edition of 1852 edited by Harris himself, of which the
edition of 1862 is professedly a reprint with additions from the author's

MSS.

In a family like Aphidse, where specific distinctions rest upon so uncer-
tain a basis, and are very generally evanescent in the dried specimen, it
must be obvious that it is pre-eminently important to carefully search for
available generic characters. My own investigations lead me to believe,
that generic characters are here correlated with important variations in
habits; and that species of the same genus do not sometimes live on the
external surface of plants, and sometimes in closed galls or follicles.

* This insect is referred to Phahena by Drury, to Pygcera by Harris, to Pcfasia
(doubtiugly) by Westwood, to Datatia by Walker, and made the type of a new ge-
nus. Eumietopoiia, by Fitch, (N. Y. Reports, I. p. 241). Eumetopona should be Eu-
mdopa. otherwise it means not "handsome-faced", as its author intended, but
•• handsome-faced ass".

1802.]

297

Fia.I

Fiy. ZT.

Fig.in:

FigNJK

[Note. The above wood-cut was kindly loaned by the Secretary of the Illinois State
Agricultural Society.]

SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE U. S. GENERA.

Honey-tubes present.
(Antennte T-jninted :
front wings with ?>
diseoidals. the third
two-branched ; hind
wings with 2 diseoi-
dals.)

Honey-tubes long.
( Antennas with
joint 7 longer than
6.)

Stigmal vein present.

Honey tubes short,
subobsolete. (An-
tennce with joint '
7 shorter than 6.)

I Stigmal vein absent.

Diseoidals of the front
wings of equal thick-
ness. ( Wings hori-
zontally folded.)

Front wings with the
two first diseoidals
more robust. (Wings
steeply roofed.)

Aphis, (figs. 1 and 2)
Foliage and roots.

Calaphis, u.g. Foliage.

■ Callipterus. Foliage.

Lachnus. Twigs.

("»

Honey tubes obsolete.
( Antennse short, with
not over six distinct
joints, 7 being obso-
lete or represented
by a very small un-
guicul'is nttaclied to
6.)

Front wings with
?> diseoidals, the
third 1-branched.
(Antennae 6-joint-
ed, 6 longer than
5.)

Front wings with .3
simple diseoidals.
(Ilind wings with
2 diseoidals.)

Hind wings with two

diseoidals. ( Wings

roofed.)
Hind wings with one

discoidal. ( Wings

horizontal.)

Antennae 6-jointed, G
nearly as long as 4
and 5 together.

Antennae 6-jointed, 4
-6 subequal,5 a little
the longest,
Front wings with two simple diseoidals.
(Hind wings with one discoidal; anten-
nae 4 or 0 jointed?)

Front wings witli one one-branched dis-
coidal. (Hind wings with no discoidal;
autennte 4 or 5 jointed ?)

1 Eriosoma'? Twigs,
\ limbs and roots.

[ Thelaxes. (fig. 5) Galls.

' Byrsocrypta. (fig. 7)
(■ Galls.

Pemphigus, (fig.6)
Roots.

Chermes. Foliage.

\

\

\ Phylloxera. ( fig. S ) ♦
f Galls.

298 [December

APHIS Linn. (Figs. I, & II.)

Aphis avense Fabr. (Wheat, rye, oats and barley.) Rural New York-
er, Aug. 17, 1861 and July 12, 1862, with figures and description from
Curtis. Cyrus Thomas of South Illinois, in Illinois Prairie Farmer, Jan.
18, 1862. Dr. Fitch's Address to N. Y. Agricultural Society, 1862, re-
printed in Prairie Farmer, Nov. 8, 1862. — A. mali Fabr. (apple) Fitch,
N. Y. Reports Inj. Insects, Vol. I. p. 54. — A. mallfoUse Fitch, (apple)
^bid. p. 56. — A. lirunifolise, Fitch, (plum) ibid. p. 123. — A. cerasi Fabr.
(cherry) ibid. p. 125. — A. ccrasifolise Fitch, (choke-cherry) ibid. p. 131.
— A. ceraxicohns Fitch, (wild cherry) N. Y. Catal. Homopt. p. 65. — A.
maidis Fitch, (maize) N. Y. Reports, I, p. 318. — A.pcrsicse Sulzer (peach)
ibid. II, §63. — A. rihls Linn, (currant) ibid. §115. — A. herheruUs Fitch,
(berberry) N. Y. Cat. Hom. p. 65, winged insect unknown. — ^4. hrassicse.
Linn, (cabbage) ibid. — A. asclepiadis Fitch, (silk-weed) ibid. — A. corni-
folise Fitch, (Cornus paniculata) ibid., winged insect unknown. — A. cratse-
fjlfoUse Fitch, (Crataegus punctata) ibid. p. 66. — A. hetulsecolcns Fitch,
(birch) ibid. — A. aceris Linn. (Acer pensylvanicum) ibid. — A. samhuci-
folise Fitch, (elder) ibid. — .4. j^lnlcolem Fitch, (pine) ibid. — A. popull-
folise, Fitch, (Populusgrandidentata) ibid. — ^4. rudbcckise Fitch, (Rudbeck-
ia laciniata and Solidago serotina and S. gigantea) ibid. — A. rosse Auct?
(rose-bushes) Harris, Inj. Ins. p. 190. — ^4. salicti Harris, (willow) ibid.
p. 191. 23 species.

Aphis quercifoliae n. sp. — Oak-leaves. Larva pale greenish. Incisures of the
antennffi dusky. Upper surface of body, except the scutel, dusky. Honey-tubes
long, robust, dusky at tijj. Legs long, with the terminal i of femora, the extreme
tips of the tibiae, and the tarsi, obfuscated. Imago, blackish ; prothorax and ante-
rior part of thorax sometimes varied witli greenish; scuteflum pale greenish.
Honey-tubes two-thirds as long as the femora. Legs very long; basal i of femora
pale greenish. Wings hyaline; veins brown, third discoidal vein hyaline at its
origin; stigma and subcostal veins pale yellowish-brown; extreme tip of the front
wings slightly fumose. Length to tip of wings scarcely .2 inch.

One larva, two imagos, one of which was taken in company with the
larva. The antennae attain the extreme tips of the wings when the wings
are expanded, and the stigma is four times as long as wide, and very acute
at each end.

Aphis rudbeokiae? Fitch. — Silphium perfoliatum and Cirsium ? From re-
cent specimens. Red, fading to reddish-fuscous. Autennpe black, linear, joints
rather indistinct, base of joint 8 more or less yellowish. Honey-tubes black, two-
thirds as long as femora; anal style yellowish, more than half as long as honey-
tubes, ensiform. Legs long, black, the basal half of femora yellowish-hyaline
Wings hyaline, costa very pale yellowish-brown, stigma pale fuscous-brown; veins
brown, costals pale yellowish-brown. Length to tip of wings % .20 9 -21 inch.

1802.] 21»«J

Seven specimens. The antennnc attain the tip of the stigma, and the
stigma is four times as long as wide, and very acute at both extremities.
Differs from Dr. Fitch's brief description in the antennae not being entirely
"black", in the honey-tubes being black, which are not specially referred to
by Fitch, but should be "red" as he makes the ground-color "red'', and in the
stigma being pale fuscous-brown not "yellowish". The first of these differ-
ences generally becomes evanescent in the dried specimen; the second is
probably a mere oversight. Dr. Fitch's insect occurred, as before stated, on
lludbeckia laciniata, Solidago serotina and S. gigantea.

Aphis bella n. sp. — Oak-leaves? Bright yellow. Eyes black: antennse with the
tip of joints 3 — 6 black. Prothorax as long as the head, with a lateral black vitta;
thorax with a black vitta extending from its anterior angle to the base of the
front wing. Honey-tubes scarcely as long as the tarsi, generally immaculate,
sometimes tinged with fuscous. Legs long, black except the base of the femora
and the coxae. Wings hyaline ; front wings with the entire costa as well as its ner-
Yures black to the tip of the stigma, whence there extends a marginal dusky vitta,
as wide as the costa at base and middle but tapering at tip, nearly as far as the
middle branch of the third discoidal vein; this vitta covers the entire length of the
4th or stigmal vein, which terminates halfway between the tip of the stigma and
the apex of the wing, is slightly and gradually curved, and encloses a marginal
cell not wider than the costa; hind wings with a costal dusky vitta extending to
the tip of the wing, the subcostal vein sometimes black; remaining veins of both
wings slender and pale-dusky, narrowly bordered with subhyaline where they tra-
verse the terminal dusky vitta of the front wing. Length to tip of wings .15 inch.

The antennae attain the middle of the stigma when the wings are ex-
panded, and the stigma is rather more than three times as long as wide,
not very acute at each end. Three specimens beaten off oaks on two sep-
arate occasions. The marginal cell is one-half smaller than in any other
species known to me. A yellow larva, with an irregular oval black spot
enclosing a central yellow space on the abdomen, occurs rather abundant-
ly on the oak, and probably belongs to this species; but I could never find
any winged individual in company with it, and failed in an attempt to
breed them.

Aphis vitisi Scopoli. n. U. S. sp. — Tame grape-vines. Blackish. Antennae mod-
erate, linear. Honey-tubes 2i — 3 times as long as the tarsi. Legs moderate, pale
greenish; knees, tips of tibiae, and tarsi dusky. Wings hyaline, veins brown, the
3rd discoidal hyaline at its extreme origin; stigma dark dusky-brown. Length to
tip of wings .11 — .12 inch.

Sixteen specimens, found in company with many larva?. The antennae
attain the middle of the stigma when the wings are expanded, and the
stigma is three times as long as wide, not hunched externally, and mod-
erately acute at each end. Not unlike Aphis mali when dried, but readily

300 [December

distinguishable by its conspicuously dark stigma. I have received in bad
condition from St. Louis specimens of what is probably the same insect at-
tached to- young vine leaves , and I have also noticed Aphides on tame vines
in Central Illinois. Dr. Fitch states that in the Patent Office Report for
1854 (p. 79) "a plant-louse is reported as very destructive to the leaves
and young shoots of the grape at the South, but as no description is given
of it, we are unable to judge whether it possesses any resemblance to the
foreign species." (N. Y. Rep. II, §116.)

Aphis carduella n. sp. — Tif)S of young thistle-shoots. Blackish. Antennae with
joint 6 short, somewhat obtrigonate, joint 7 as long as 5 and 6 put together. Honey-
tubes as long as the tarsi. Legs rather short, pale greenish; knees, tips of tibise,
and tarsi dusky. "Wings hyaline, with the tips of the front wings slightly fumose;
veins brown, yellowish on the costa; the 3rd discoidal hj^aline at its origin; stigma
pale dusky-brown. Length to tip of wings .09 — .10 inch.

Two specimens on Cirsium altissimum, ten on an undetermined species

of Cirsium in company with larvJB. The antennae attain the origin of the

2nd discoidal vein when the wings are expanded, and the stigma is rather

more than twice as Ion"; as wide and hunched on the exterior margin.

o

Aphis maidis? Fitch. (Wingless 9 fig. 3, winged 9 fig- 1-)
Roots of maize; fig. 4 showing a portion of an infested root. Describ-
ed from recent specimens. The larva differs from Dr. Fitch's description
in being always of a pale-greenish or watery-whitish color, never changing
to " a pale obscure red color." The jmpse, from which I succeeded in
breeding fifteen winged 9 9 , were pale green, except the tips of the ros-
trum, of the antenna), and of the tibiae, and the eyes, tarsi and honey-
tubes, which are all dusky, and the anal style, the knees, and the wings,
which are clouded with dusky; whereas Dr. Fitch's pupae had the head
dusky, and the wings dusky only at their tips. The honey-tubes were
about the same length as the tarsi, and the anal style one-half that. Be-
hind the thoracic segments, both laterally and dorsally, there was a con-
siderable constriction. The icinjlrss females were pale green, and had
the head, the first thoracic segment except its anterior edge, and the sec-
ond except its anterior edge and a diverging line on each side, dusky.
At the dorsal tip of the third thoracic segment and of the abdominal seg-
ments 1, 2, and 6 — 9 was a transverse dusky line. Laterally on abdomi-
nal joints 2 — 4 was a medial dusky dot, and on joint 6 before the honey-
tube a terminal dusky line. Dr. Fitch's wingless females were " dull
blackish, faintly tinged with green;" the markings differed considerably,
and were '-smooth and black," not as in my specimens opa(iue-dusky.

1862.] 301

My n-lu:jed fpmalen differed from Dr. Fitch's description only in the shanks
being dusky, not "whitish except at their tips." In one or two immature
specimens, however, the whole leg was whitish. The four first abdominal
joints were larger and subetjual, the rest small. A solitary specimen has
the stigmal vein of one wing distinctly bifurcate at tip, as in a specimen
of Pemplitgus pyr! mentioned by Dr. Fitch. The wings are slightly fu-
mose at tip, and the stigma hunched externally and pale dusky-brown.

Length to tip of wings .10 inch. Dr. Fitch's insect occurred only on
the stems of roasting ears. Probably the normal location of this species
is the root, and towai'ds autumn, when the roots become dry and sapless,
it betakes itself, to avoid starvation, to the stem of the ear. The differ-
ences in color may arise from one insect living underground and the other
in the open air, and the differences in the markings from specimens hav-
ing been observed in different states of maturity.* The antennae in the
living insect were half the length of the body, and in the dried specimens
attain the origin of the first discoidal vein when the wings are expanded ;
joints 5 and 6 are obtrigonate, and joint 7 is equal to 5 and G put together.
The stigma is scarcely more than twice as long as wide. This 9 insect
when dried resembles 9 A. crataer/i/olix Fitch, of which I have found
S 9 in company with the larva on wild thorn in October, but is distin-
guishable by the comparative shortness of its wings, its shorter stigma^
and its somewhat shorter antennae.

CALAPHIS n. g.

Antennae long, linear, 7-jointed; 4 shorter than 3, 5 shorter than 4, 6
less than one-half as long as 5, 7 slender, twice as long as G. Prothorax
more than one-half as long as thorax. Iloney-tubes moderate. Wings
steeply roofed and differing from those of Aj^hiti only in the total absence
of the 4th or stigmal vein, and in the unusually robust discoidal veins.

Calaphis betulella n. sp. — Yellow. Antennae attaininaj the' extreme ti])s of the
expanded wings, black, joints 1 and 2 yellowish with a black vitta half inside and
half beneath; joints 3 — B each white at base; eyes black, with a black line from
each to the insertion of the rostrum, which is black; head with a narrow black
vitta above, acute in front, commencing between the antennae and attaining the

* Dr. Fitch has recorded the very curious fact, that Aphis avence is green when
it breeds on the leaves, and yellow or reddish-yellow when it is propagated on tlie
ear. the females when they first shift their quarters producing at first green and
afterwards velluw larvre.

302 [December

prothorax. Prothorax and thorax with a narrow lateral vitta commencing at the
eyes, passing just inside the base of the wings, and converging on the scutel. and
another dorsal one, black. Abdomen with about seven dorsal black fascise at the
tips of the joints, the basal and several of the terminal ones often interrupted or
obsolete, occasionally only three present. Honey-tubes fuscous, scarcely as long
as the tarsi. Legs_yellow, femora with an anterior black vitta, abbreviated at tip,
and a terminal and subterminal black fascia above; tibise and tarsi black. Wings
hyaline, stigma generally yellowish; subcostal and three discoidals coal-black,
very robust, subequal, except at the origin of the third discoidal where the subcos-
tal is fine and paler, and the third discoidal hyaline for a short space; costal vein
black, less robust, tapering to the base of the stigma, whence it becomes subobso-
lete. Hind wings with all the veins slender, subhyaline. Length .07 — .09 inch;
to tip of wings .15 — .17 inch, expanse .30 — .35 inch.

The stigma is three times as long as wide, moderately acute at each end.

DiiFers from Aphis betu/xcolens Fitch not only generically, but in the two

costal veins being black, not "sulphur-yellow", and from all aphidians

known to me in the costals and 3 discoidals being subequal in robustness.

In one wing of one specimen the 2nd discoidal has a short branch on its

basal side. Described from 25 recent specimens. Occurred abundantly,

in company with its larva, on the leaves of a species of birch (betula

nigra) in August. The dried farva resembles the imago, except that the

markings of the body are more or less obsolete, and is not gregarious.

CALLIPTERUS Koch.

CaJIipfcrus carycUus Fitch, (hickory) N. Y. Rep. I, p. 165 and II, §167.
— C. punctateUus Fitch, (hickory) ibid., and II, §168. — C. maculrllas
Fitch, (hickory) ibid. I, p. 166 and II, §169. — C. fumlpcnnellus Fitch,
(hickory) ibid., and II, §170. — C. marginellns Fitch, (hickory) ibid., and
II, §171. — C. mucidus Fitch, (apple) ibid. II, §20. — C castancne Fitch,
(chestnut) ibid. II, §199. 7 species.

LACHNUS Illiger.

Lachnus carjjx Harris, (pig-nut hickory) Inj. Ins. p. 190 and Fitch,
N. Y. Rep. II, §162.— /v. strohi Fitch, (pine) N. Y. Rep. §256 (:=erio-
soma strobi, N. Y. Cat. Homopt. p. 69.). — L. hiririfix Fitch, (larch) N.
Y. Rep. II, §288. — L. abiefis Fitch, (abies nigra) N. Y. Cat. Horn. p. 67,
winged insect unknown. — L. quenifoUpe Fitch, (white oak) ibid. — L. sa/i-
cellis [ita] Fitch, (willow) ibid. — L. afnifoh'x Fitch, (alder) ibid. — L. id-

mi Linn, (elm) ibid. — L. popult Linn, (populus grandidentata) ibid.

9 species.

1862.] 803

Lachnus caryae, Harris.

I posses.s a *S (?) specimen of this fine, large species taken some years
since on the pig-nut hickory, and I have this autumn noticed numerous
apterous 9 9 on the same tree, which lived many days and laid their eggs
in confinement, but died without assuming wings. The abdomen of all
of them, when alive, was as Harris describes it, cinereous with four rows
of transverse black spots; in the dried specimen these generally disappear,
the whole abdomen becoming an obscure fuscous, and they are not noticed
in Dr. Fitch's description. The eggs are .06 — .08 long, nearly thrice as
long as wide, cylindrical, rounded at the end, and of a shining mahogany
color.

I have also this autumn noticed numerous apterous 9 9 , apparently of
the same species, both on the oak and on the bass-wood ; and from the
oak I have obtained two winged % % , and from the bass-wood four, all in
company with apterous 9 9 • Singularly enough, the only specimen that
varies from the description is the one found on the hickory, which has
black not reddish-brown femora, except the anterior femur which is red-
dish-brown at base. Harris says that this species has no terminal stylet.
The % of course has none, but the apterous 9 has a short one, which is
sometimes visible even in the dried specimen. I suspect that the 9 is
normally apterous, as the specimens that I kept confined lived till after
Oct. 9th.

ERIOSOMA Leach, =Myzoxylus i?fo^,=Schizoneura Ilartig.

Eriosoma lanigcra Hausmanu (apple) Harris, Inj. Ins. p. 193, Fitch,
N. Y. Rep. II, §17 and N. Y. Cat. Hom. p. 67.—^. cary^v Fitch, (hick-
ory) N. Y. Rep. II, §161.—^. quprc! Fitch, (oak) ibid. §306.— j^. tes-
sellatn Fitch, (alnus rubra) N. Y. Cat. Hom. p. 68. — E. imhricator Fitch,
(beech) ibid. 5 species.

There is considerable confusion in authors as to the characters of this
genus. Harris, quoting from Hausmann and Knapp, says that the adult
Eriosoma lanujcra, (apple-tree woolly-blight,) the type of the genus, never
acquires wings; (Inj. Ins. p. 194.) Westwood, in his Synopsis and in his
Introduction, assigns to it wings. Again, Westwood in his Synopsis says
"fore wings with simple oblique discoidal nerves," whereas Fitch says
that " Schizoneura" Hartig, or in English "forked-vein," is synonymous
with Eriosoma, (N. Y. Rep. I, p. 7, note,) and in his description of E.
querci he speaks of the fork of the third discoidal. Mr. A. Agassiz in-

304 [December

forms me that Koch ignores the genus entirely. In this state of uncer-
tainty, I can only giiess and believe that Westwood was in error in stating
that the 3rd discoidal of Eriosoma is simple, not forked. But as giies-
slng is not hnowing^ and faitli is not science, and as I suspect, from the
circumstances under which the following species were found, that they do
not properly pertain to Eriosoma, I subjoin their leading generic characters.
Honey-tubes none; front wings with 3 discoidal veins, the first distant
at its origin from the second about one-half the length of the tarsus, the
third one-branched; hind wings with two simple discoidal veins. Anten-
nae short, 6-jointed, joint 3 as long as 4 — 6 put together, 4 and 5 some-
what obtrigonate, 6 lanceolate, nearly as long as 4 and 5 put together.

Eriosoma T fungicola n. sp. From recent specimens. Body black, -with a plum-
like bloom; basal half of abdomen and the whole of venter yellow. Antennte and
legs black. Wings hyaline with a dusky tinge: veins dusky, black on the basal
half of the eosta; third discoidal hyaline nearly to its fork; stigma palish brown.
Numerous individuals, unaccompanied by larvae, occurred on a large, moist fungus
a hundred yards from the nearest trees which were all oaks. Beat solitary indi-
viduals unaccomj^anied by larvte or wooly matter, on two separate occasions from
oaks, which when dried differ only from the dried specimen of those found on fungus
by the metathorax being varied with pale greenish, as well as the base of the abdo-
men. Length to tip of wings .12 — .1.3 inch.

The antennae do not quite attain the base of the first discoidal when the
wings are expanded, and the stigma is rather more than twice as long as
wide. Six specimens in all. U. qaerci Fitch is larger (.16 inch) and is
entirely black. Differs also from the other described U. S. species.

Eriosoma? cornicola n. sp.

Differs from the preceding only in the body being entirely black. Nu-
merous individual!?, unaccompanied by any flocculeut matter and so far as
I recollect by larva?, occurred in September on the lower side of the leaves
of the red osier dogwood. Ten specimens.

THELAXES Westwood. (Fig. 5.)

To this genus, which only differs from that to which the above two spe-
cies appertain in the wings being carried flat in repose, as in Cidlipfcrus
and Phylloxera, and in the hind wings having but one discoidal, belongs
Byrwcrypta ulmicohi Fitch, (elm) N. Y. Rep. II. § 257. Dr. Fitch had
not seen the winged insect, of which I have obtained many specimens.
No other N. A. species of this genus has hitherto been met with.

1862.] 305

Thelaxes ulinicola Fitcli. New imago. — Black, more or less pruinoee. Legs with
the base of the femora ami of the tibiae sometimes pale. Wings hyaline; costa to
the base of the stigma very pale futicous, the stigma a little darker; veins fuscous,
the ;!rd discoidal hyaline half-way from its base to the fork; hind wings with the
veins subhyaline. Length to tip of wings .05 — .07 inch.

Niue specimens. The anteuuse do not quite attain the origin of the
first discoidal when the wings are expanded, and the stigma is twice aa
long as wide and hunched hoth anteriorly and posteriorly, its tips moder-
ately acute. Occurs ia elm-leaf galls, which are well described by Fitch
(loc. cit.)

BYRSOCKYPTA Haliday. (Fig. 7.)

Bifr»uLri/pta? {pemphi(/us) carysecaulia Fitch, (hickory) N. Y. Rep. I,
p. 155, winged insect unknown. — B? (pemjjhiffus) vitifoUse, Fitch, (grape
vine) ibid. p. 158, winged insect unknown. — B? (^pemphigus) caryxvenae,
Fitch, (hickory) ibid. II, §104, winged insect unknown. — B. (j^emjjhl-
gus) pop)ulicauli)i Fitch, (poplai-s) ibid. §353. — B? {pemplitguR') popnilar-
i(( Fitch, (poplar) ibid. §35-4. — B^ (^pcmpliigus^ pjopull-glohuU Fitch,
(poplar) ibid. §355. — B? {pemphigm~) populiccnse Fitch, (poplar) ibid.
§35(3. — B. hamameUdis Fitch, (conical follicles on upper surface of witch-
hazel leaves) N. Y. Cat. Homopt. p. 69. 8 species.

1 have been unable to perceive that P. popidicaulis Fitch, which I find
very abundant on the leaves of the cotton-wood, (populus angulata) carries
its wings horizontally folded before it leaves the gall, as stated by its de-
scriber. I carefully examined many dozen specimens in freshly opened
tialls, and they all had their wings steeply roofed. The galls on the cot-
ton-wood are precisely similar to those figured and described by Fitch as
found on other poplars.

PeinjjJiigus, is defined by Koch as having antennal joints 4 — 6 -'pretty
equally long." which is the case with the species described below under
that genus, joint 5 being a trifle the longest of the three, and apparently
also with P. pi/ri Fitch; for Dr. Fitch says that in the larva of that spe-
cies the penultimate is longer than the last joint. (3rd N. Y. Rep. p. 9.)
On the contrary in P. poimlicauli's Fitch the last joint is as long as the
two penultimate joints put together, which separates it g-enerically from
P. pjyri, and forbids its being referred to Pcmp)higas as limited by Koch.
In A/ihidsr- the comparative length of the joints of the antennas seems to
be of veiv high generic value, although the length of the whole antenna
varies roniarkably in species referred to the same genus. In Ap/iix n'bis,
for exani])le. tht- aiilcnnu' nearly attain the tips of the expanded wings; in

o06 [December

A. maklis they only attain the origin of the 1st discoidal vein; yet in both,
the proportions of the different joints ;ire essentially the same.

Setting aside these structural differences, it seems unnatural to place in
the same genus two insects whose habits are so totally distinct as those of
P. jjopidiraidis Fitch and P. pyrl Fitch. The more natural our systems
of classification become, the more are insects of dissimilar habits grouped
under different s;enera.

Byrsocrypta pseudobyrsa n. sp. — Pale obscure greenish, pruinose. Antennse
sometimes obfuscated, always with the 6th joint unguiculate. Thorax blackish,
pruinose. Joints of abdomen with obscure fuscous fasciae. Legs with the tarsi,
and sometimes the tips of the femora, obfuscated. Wings whitish, subopaque, eosta
and stigma yellowish; veins hyaline except the costals which are pale yellowish-
brown, the subcostal generally blackish at base and black at the stigma but not
thickened there. Hind wings with all the veins hyaline. Length to tip of wings
.I'O— .13 inch.

Six specimens. The antennte scarcely attain the base of the 1st dis-
coidal of the expanded wing, and the stigma is about three times as long
as wide and very acutely pointed at its basal end. Forms near the middle
of the midrib of the leaf of the cotton-wood (populus angulata) what ap-
pears above as a smooth, green, semicircular, compressed gall, crowned by
the midrib, and from one-quarter to two-fifths of an inch long, but which
below is entirely open, the sides of the leaf bending down together so as
tu touch each other and conceal the opening. The insects often wander
from this false gall and associate with Aphis po^ndifoUse, Fitch. Comes
very near popularia Fitch, (the gall of which is unknown,) but that spe-
cies has the discoidals "blackish" and the ''antennae only f the distance
to the wing-sockets." Differs from itopall-ijlohuU and populivense. Fitch
in the subcostal not being thickened at the stigma, and also in the pecu-
liar structure of its gall.

The recent larva is densely covered with white pruinescence, on remov-
ing which it is yellowish, with only the eyes and the tarsi blackish, and
the disk of the abdomen freckled with reddish.

Byrsocrypta vagabunda n. sp. — Black, polished, with no appearance of pruines-
cence. Antennse and legs dull fuscous. Abdomen and venter obscure opaque-
yellowish, varied with fuscous or sometimes with brown. Wings subhyaline with
a whitish tinge, costal and subcostal veins and one-third of the inner edge of the
wing from the tip of the 1st discoidal to the base of the wing, conspicuously fus-
cous; the remaining veins in both wings whitish hyaline; costa slightly tinged
with brown, stigma pale fuscous-browu, its interior vein thickened. Alar ex-
panse .43 — .-A inch.

Fileven specimens. The 6th joint of the antenna) is two-thirds as long

1S02.] no?

as 4 and 5 put together; and the stigma is '.U times as long as wide, very
acutely pointed at both ends. Three or four specimens have a little white
pruiuesceuce still attached to their wings. Occurred very abundantly on
various forest trees in September. This is the largest known N. A. spe-
cies either of this or the following genus, P. pijrl expanding only .88
inch. That species is distinguished at once from vacjabunda by its wing-
veins being all black.

PEMPHKIUS Hartig. (Fig. G.)

Pertiplinjun pt/rl Fitch, (apple-tree roots) N. Y. Hep. T, p. 0. 1

species.

The species described below under this genus differ from Pcmjihigufi
as limited by Koch, chiefly in the stigma being short or rather short, not
"narrow and long." I do not consider this character of much generic value
in Apliklsc. In Aphis avenn: the stigma is four times as long as wide; in A .
mali only twice as long as wide; and the two extremes of length in that
genus seem to be connected by an unbroken series of intermediate grades
as is partially exemplified in the few species described above.

I suspect that all the species properly referable to this genus live under
arround and derive their nourishment from roots. Authors have lonji no-
ticed that Aphidian insects are found in ants' nests, and Westwood states
that all species found in such situations are apterous. (lutrod. II, p. 441.)
I have succeeded in breeding to the winged state one species found in
the nest of a common yellow ant, described below as Formica aphldicola.
and I have found numerous winged specimens of another species on vari-
ious occasions in the nests of the same ant, in company with prodigioixs
numbers of larvae. Both species appertain to Pemphigus, with the ex-
ception of the above noticed differences in the stigma. I have also ascer-
tained from repeated observations the very curious fact, that the ants fetch
the larvae of Pemjjhigus formiccforum mihi, home to their nests, from the
roots on which they feed, and place them in little clusters of 50 or 60 in-
dividuals, where they soon elaborate such a dense mass of white cottony
matter as to entirely conceal them. The proof of this rests upon the cir-
cumstance that I have often noticed clusters of these larvae— some cover-
ed with flocculent matter, some naked — in nests located in honey-combed
stumps more than a foot from the ground, where there are no roots for
them to feed on. They are also found on the inferior surface of flat stones
covering the nest; and in both cases they are generally jdaced close to

308 [Decembkr

the chambers containing the hirvse of the ants, so that the consumers may
be as near as possible to the producers. If the flat stone covering the
nest, and studded with groups of the larvae of these jjemjjhigi, is carefully
replaced, and the nest revisited some hours afterwards, it is found that
they are generally most of them carried off. That this must be done by
the ants is proved by the fact, that the pemphigl show no disposition to
wander ofi", unless disturbed, and that if they are disturbed, the ants are
just as eager to carry them oflf to a place of safety as to carry off their own
larvae. On one occasion when the root of a tree happened to cross one of
the underground passage-ways constructed by the ants, I noticed upon it,
some inches below the surface of the earth, a cluster of these larvae ; which
proves that that species inhabits the roots of ti'ees and not those of her-
baceous plants.

Pemphigus formicarius n. sp.

Two kinds oi larvse occurred in company; the first, when recent, scarce-
ly twice as long as wide and whitish ; the second, when recent, three times
as long as wide and cinereous. From the latter I bred five wmgcd indi-
viduals, which differed as follows from the description of P. pt/ri Fitch :-
The size is somewhat smaller; the prothorax and abdomen of the living
insect are blue-black, pruinose, in the dried specimen pale yellowish-brown,
the abdomen much varied with fuscous; the thorax and head, both in the
living and dried insect, are opaque blue-black. Legs yellowish-fuscous.
Wings hyaline, slightly fumose at tip; veins not margined with broAvn ;
the 2nd discoidal is not more robust than the 1st and does not taper; the
costa and the anterior half of the stigma are very pale fuscous or cinereous,
the latter a little darker ; the posterior half of the stigma is black. In the
hind wings the apex of the black rib-vein or subcostal is nearly twice as
far from the apex of the 2nd discoidal as that is from the apex of the 1st
discoidal.

Length to tip of wings .2 inch; expanse .33 inch. Five specimens.
The stigma is much hunched posteriorly, more acute at the basal than the
terminal end, and rather more than twice as long as wide. Bred Oct. 11th
from larvic found 8 or 10 days before in the nest of Formicd apliidicofa
mihi, attached to the root of what appeared to be a perennial herbaceous
plant.

Pempliigus formicetorum n. sp.

Diff'ers from P. pj/ri as follows: — The size is much smaller; the 2nd
discoidal is not more robust than the 1st, and is of uniform robustness

1862.] MOll

throughout; the ord discoiilal is of equal robustness with the Istj the 4th
or stigiual vein is of equal robustness with the 1st and does not taper; in
the hiud wing the apex of the 2nd discoidal is nearly twice as far fi'oni
the apex of the rib-vein as it is from the apex of the 1st discoidal.

Length to tip of wings .09 — .12 inch; expanse .20 — .25 inch. Four-
teen specimens. The stigma is three times as long as wide, very acute at
the basal end. and not materially wider than the costa. Found winged
specimens May 25th in company with many larvae and pupas, and obtain-
ed others in the course of June, all in the nests of the same yellow ant
before mentioned. A specimen of the woolly secretion of the larvae which
I have preseiTcd appears under the lens like cotton wool, but at least ten
times as fine and snowy-white. From the nests of the same ant I have
obtained the rare ceopJti/Uus mom'Iis Lee, (pselaphidae,) hrtsen'us hrunni-
pennis Randall, (histerid^e,) and an undetermined species of Phthora, (ten-
ebrionidai).

CHERMES Burm?

Chermes pinifulise Fitch, (pine) N. Y. Rep. II, §267. — C. hvicifoliae
Fitch, (larch) ibid. §289. 2 species.

PHYLLOXERA Fonscolombe. (Fig. 8.)

Phylloxera carysefoUsi Fitch, (hickory) N. Y. Rep. II. §166. — P.?
{chermes) castanese Hald. ibid. §20o. 2 species.

Phylloxera caryae-globuli n. sp.

Differs from P. raryiefoltx, Fitch as follows: — The size is larger; the
abdomen is not pale but blackish; the whole costa is pale brown, the stig-
ma with a yellowish tinge; the 3rd or stigmal vein is not abortive at its
origin; the 2nd or middle vein is not parallel with the 3rd but each of
the two is slightly convex towards the other, as is also the case in P. raryse-
folise^ although overlooked by Dr. Fitch; neither is the oi'igin of this mid-
dle vein "abortive for a short distance," so far as I have observed, in either
of these two species, as stated of P. rarysefolipe by the same author. The
hind wings have the same "angular point" or hook on their anterior mar-
gin, used to attach them to the thickened spot on the posterior edge of the
front wing, which I have found in every Aphidian species known to me.
Length to tip of wings .07 — .08 inch. Three specimens. The anten-
nae are scarcely longer than the head and I am unable to distinguish the
joints. The stigma is about three times as long as wide, straight pos-

310 [Decembkr

teriorly, slightly hunched anteriorly, and acute at both ends. Found in
spherical galls generally located between the veins that branch from the
midrib of the leaflet of the shag-bark hickory. I am acquainted with the
similar galls of PemjMyus rari/pecau/is Fitch, which grow on the leaf-
stalks and twigs of the same tree, but like Dr. Fitch I have never yet met
with the winged insect. From the similarity of its galls to that of the
above and its occurring on the same tree, that insect may not improbably
belong to Plii/lloxera. The gall of /-*. rarijee-fjJobnIi often occurs in com-
pany with that of P. rarysefollse, but it is very distinct. On June 8th I
noticed a few imagos of a large T/in'j)t< in some galls of/*, car^ec/olise which
were at that time full of their normal tenants; on June 22nd I noticed in
galls of the same insect on the same trees many red pupaj, apparently of
the same Thrips, which seem to have supplanted or exterminated the
Phylloxerse; for almost every gall contained 6 or 7 Thripide pupte and but
very few PhyJloxtrse-

HYMENOPTERA. Formicid.^.

The yellow ant mentioned above under the genus Pamphujus is not de-
scribed either by Say or by Fitch. It may probably be a Fabrician species;
but as I possess the three sexes taken from the same nest it may be worth
while to describe it. It belongs to Say's § B of Foj-mirn •• 1st cubital cel-
lule with a recurrent nervure," and somewhat resembles F. t/i's/ocafa Say,
of which species also I have the sexes from the same nest, but is much
smaller, and rhe 9 ? ^f that species are not yellow but piceous.

Formica aphidicola n. sp. — '^ . Piceous. Epistoma longitudinally carinate, the
carina wide and quadrangular; tips of anteunte a little pale; eyes black and
almost round. Abdominal scale slightly emarginate above, with no indentation
opposite to it. Legs with the tips of tibiae, and the tarsi ferruginous. Wings sub-
hyaline, much clouded with brown on their basal half; nervures and stigma brown ;
the recurrent nervure forming the discoidal cell generally abbreviated, so as to
leave the cell incom2:)lete; anal nervure abruptly angulated in its middle, and in-
terrupted before the angulation. The J differs in being larger and jjaler, and in the
legs and antennse being ferruginous. The carina of the epistoma is absent. The
9 differs from % in being entirely yellow, e.xcept the eyes which are very small
and black. When dried it assumes a slight rufous tint. The carina of the epistoma is
absent. Length % Ab — .16 inch: 9 -25 inch: 9 -15 inch. Alar expanse % .-14 inch:
9 .60 inch.

Described from 2^,29,59.

18()2.]

•Ill

Formica latipes n. sp.

Wo have another yellow ant, the 9 of which is scarcely distinguishable
from 9 f"- aphidivola but by its being a trifle smaller and paler. The %
is exactly alike, but the 9 differs most remarkably, 1st in being ferruginous,
with the thorax more or less piceous; 2nd in having short, robust anten-
nae, no longer than those of 9 . which has a body only half as long; 3rd
in having femora and tibiae so strongly and widely compressed as to be not
much more than twice as long as wide, and truncate at tip, the femora
deeply excavated at tip to receive the tibise; 4th in the whole body be-
ing covered with a long cinereous pubescence. This species is, so far as I
am aware, undescribed.

Length % .15 — .17 inch; 9 .35 — .36 inch; 9 .13 — .15 inch. Expanse S
.39-.43 inch; 9 .80-88 inch. Described from 14 S , 2 9 , 5 9 from the same
nest. Of the 14 S , 8 had a recurrent nerve in both wings, 3 in one
wing only, and 3 in neither wing, the nerve when present often abbrevi-
ated as in the preceding species. In both 9 the recurrent nerve was
present and unabbreviated. I have noticed a similar variation in another
species of Formica, which shews that Say's subdivision of the genus is not
natural nor practically reliable.

RECAPITULATIOxV OF U. S. APHID.E.

Described U. S.

New U. S.

Total U. S.

Species.

Species.

Species.

Aphis

23

4

27

C.ALAPEIS n. g.

0

1

1

Callipterus

7

0

7

Lachnus

9

0

9

Eriosoma

5

2

7

Thelaxes

0

1

1

Byrsocrypta

8

2

10

Pemphigus

1

2

3

Chermes

2

0

2

Phylloxera

2

1

3

—

Total

57

13

70

Eock Island, Illinois; Nov. 5, 1862.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF PHILADELPHIA.
Vol. 1. JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1863. No. 10.

STATED MEETING, January 12.
President Bland in the Chair.

Sixteen members present.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE.

The Committee on Mr. Grote's paper, read December 8th, 1802, report-
ed in favor of its publication in the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO CABINET.

37 DiPTERA ( Scseva ajfinis, Scseva j^hifadelphica, Scseva amer'icatia^
Scseva concava^ Clin/sofoxnm /asciolafum, BrachT/jKtlpns verbosvs, IIclo-
philus simih's, Vvlucdia ohcsa), from Dr. T. B. Wilson.

17 British Hymenoptera ( Ajmthus rupestris, Apathus harhuteUus,
Apathns campesti'is, Bomhus terrestris^ Bomhus lucor-um, Bombiis liortor-
nm, Bomhus suhterraneus, Bomhus lapidarins, Bomhus muscormti), from
Edward Norton.

7 UiVTEUA (Scxva emargmata, Clu'i/sogaster Antithoua^ Tri/pcta gem-
inafa, Cumptoneura picta)^ from E. T. Cresson.

314 [January

89 COLEOPTERA ( Axinopalpus lipIar/iatHS, Lehia pum'da, Dromius
piceus, Bemhidiuin versicolor^ Hidoplwriis lacustris, Colymhetes bigutttdus,
Thymalus fulgidus, Nitidida ziczac, Nitidula unif/uftafa, Oc)/pus ater,
Lucamis placidus, Ajjhonus /rater, Elatcr ruhricus, Elater areolatus, Li-
niomiis griseus, Thaneroclerus sanguineus, Platydema excavatum, Mordel-
la marginata, Mordella triloha, jEdihis obsoletus, Leptura Canadensis,
Cryptoceplialus sellatus'), from William Saunders of London, C. W.

23 CoLEOPTERA {^Colymhetes hinotatus, Pentlie pimela, Notoxus ancho-
ra, Criorephalus agrestis, CaUidiuin JanfJiinum, Physocnemum ligneimi,
Coccinella transversoguttata'), from B. Billings, Jr., of Prescott, C. W.

6 DiPTERA (^Exoprosopa emarginata. Anthrax sinuosa, Laphria sani-
osa, Baaha TarcTietius, Microdon globosus), from Charles Wilt.

3 CoLEOPTERA (^Anthia 10-gutfata, Strategus Aloeus, Dynastes Hyllus^,
from Dr. Samuel Lewis.

3 DiPTERA {Scseva Lesueurii, Spilomyia analis'), from Jas. Ridings.
1 DiPTERA {Xylota Libo^, from William Evett.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Second
Series, Vol. 5, Parts 1 and 2 ; also tlie Proceedings for 1862, Nos. 1 — 9.
Presented by Dr. Thomas B. Wilson.

Prairie Farmer (^Chicago, 111.), Nos. 28 to 2G of Vol. 10. From the
Editors.

Proceedings of the Society for October, November and December, 1862.
From the Publication Committee.

The following works were deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson : —
Linna&a Entomologica. Band, 1 — 14. 14 Vols. 8vo.
E)itomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischer Ve-
reine zu Stettin. 1840—1860. 21 Vols. 8vo.

Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie. Von E. F. Germar. 5 Vols. 8vo.

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, uitgegcven door de Nederlandsche Ento-
mologische Vereeniging. 3 Vols, lloyal 8vo.

Memoires d' Entomologie jyublies j^ar la Societ6 Entomologique des Pays
Bas. 1 Vol. lloyal 8vo.

Catalogue Systematique dc tons Ics Coleopteres decrits dans Ics Annales

1863.] 315

<Ie la Sociefe Entomolo(jlque de France, ilepuis 1832 jusqu^d 1859. Par
Alexandre StrancJt. 1 Vol. 8vo.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read

From tlie Smithsonian Institution at Washington, I). C, acknowledging
the receipt of Vol. 1, No. 5, of the Society's Proceedings.

From the Secretary of the Entomological Society of London, dated 12
Bedford How, December 3rd, 18G2, acknowledging the receipt of recent
numbers of the Society's Proceedings.

From Mr. Harvey J. Rich, dated Brooklyn, N. Y., December 14, 1862;
Dr. Beverley R. Morris, dated Toronto, C. W., December 26th, 1862, and
B. Billings, Jr., dated Prescott, C. W., December 30th, 1862, severally
acknowledging their election as Corresponding Members of the Society.

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceedings:
" Descriptions of a few new species of North American Coleoptera, by
James H. B. Bland."

" Catalogue of our known species of Ophion, Anomalon, Paniscus and
Campoplex, by Edward Norton."

" Lasioptera reared from a gall on the golden rod, by Baron R. Osten
Sacken."

" Importance of Insect Architecture to Entomologists, and Remarks
on Tent-Building Ants, by William Couper."

And were referred to Committees.

ELECTIONS.

The following gentlemen were elected Gurres^wndlng Members of the
Society : —

John Xantus, of Washington, D. C.

C. Sartorius, M. D., of Mexico.

M. Miles, of Lansing, Michigan.

George D. Smith, of Boston, Massachusetts.

Edward L..Graef, of Brooklyn, New York.

316 [January

Catalogue of the described species of North American HYMENOPTERA.

BY E. T. CRESSON.
(Continued from page 238.)

Fani. BEMBECID.^.

BEMBEX Latr.

americana Fahr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 250. Dahlb. Hymen. Enrop. 1, p. 18.".. X. Auipr.

Carolina Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 249. Carolina.

fasciata Fabr. Sj^stema Piezatorum, p. 224. Carolina.

longirostra Say, Boston Journal of Natural Ilistorj', vol. 1, p. ?>fir>. Mtxico.

monodonta Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 335. Pennsylvania.

Spinolae St. Far//. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 277. North America.

spinosa Fabr. Entomologia Systematica. Suppl. p. 260. Amer. Insiilis (W. Ind!').

MONEDULA Latr.

insularis Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, p. 186. St. Thomas.

Montezuma Smit/i, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 334. Mexico.

pictifrons Smifh. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4. p. 335. North Carolina.

4-fasciata Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 336. Pennsylvania.

Sallei Gucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 437. New Orleans.

ventralis Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 337. Pennsylvania.

vigilans Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

STIZUS Latr.
grandis Say, West. Quar. Hep, 2, p. 77. American Entomology, pi. 2. Arkansa.
Hogardii Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. 4, 100: t. 13, f. 12. Sm. B. M. C. 4, 336. W. Indies.
unicinctus Say, West. Quar. Rep. 2, 77. American Entomology, pi. 2. Arkansa.

Fain. SPHEGID.E.

POMPILUS Latr.
algidus Smith, Britisli Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3. p. 158. North America?
americanus Bcauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. p. 117: Hym. i)l. 3, fig. 6. United States.
anceps Smith. Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd series, vol. 1. p. 36. Panama.
apiculatus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, ]>, 157. Mexico.
architectus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 303. Ohio.
atramentarius Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europpea. 1, j). 48. North America.
atroviolaceus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
atrox Dahlb. Hymenojitera Eurojjaea, 1, p. 63. South Carolina,
biguttatus Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. p. 249. North America.
bipartitus -S'^. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 439. Philadelphia.
calipterus Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. ]">• 302. Iinliana.

comicus <SV»y, (Miscns) Boston .Tininial of Nafurul ITistorv. vol. 1, p. "o.'). Iiiili.ni;i.
coruscus Smith, Britisli Museum Catalogue, Ilyui. ;i, p. ISfi. St. Domingo,
debilis Jrnn-ifi, Catalogue of the Insects of Massaeliusetts, 2nd edition. Mas<.
epMppiger Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. ;{, p. 168. North America,
erythrus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Ilym. ,3, p. 156. .Tamaica.
fascipennis Saj/. Long's Second Expedition, 2, p. 3:{2. United States.
ferrugineas Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europiwa. I, p. 63. North America,
flammipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. .'!, p. 155. St. Domingo,
formosus Sa_i/. West. Quar. Rep. 2„p. 76. American Entomology. j)l. 42. N. Amer.
fuscipennis St. Farg. Hymenoptcres, 3, p. 434. Philadelphia,
lepidus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 304. Mexico,
maculipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. ?>, p. 159. North America,
marginatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 333. North-west Territory,
mellipes Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 304. Indiana,
mixtus Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, Snppl. p. 248. Americte Insulis (W. Ind?)-
pallidicornis Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 3, p. 160. Florida,
petiolatus Say, (Miscus) Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 305. Imliana.
Philadelphicus St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 423. Philadelphia,
plebejus Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, ]). 60. North America.
5-iiotatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 304. Indiana.
senilis Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 188. Americpe Insulis (West Indies?),
solicitus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
sordidus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 160. North America,
speirapterus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
tarsatus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
terminatus Say, American Entomology, plate 42. Arkansa.

trifasciatus Beauv. Insects Afr. et Amer. p. 118, Hym. pi. 3, fig. 7. United States,
unifasciatus Say, American Entomology, plate 42. Pennsylvania,
vafer Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Ma^^s.

MISCUS Jurine.
stygicus Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

PRIOCNEMIS Schiodte.
nebulosus Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europeea. 1, p. 96. South Carolina.

AGENIA Schiodte.
cserulescens Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europoea, 1, p. 93. South Carolina.
fulvipes Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europoea, 1, p. 92. Pennsylvania. South Carolin:i.

ANOPLIUS St. Farg.
funereus St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 449. Philadelphia.

FERREOLA St. Farg.
sanguinea Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, j). 170. Georgia.

APORUS Spin.
fasciatus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3. p. 175. United States.

318 , [January

PABAPOMPILTJS Smith.
Naomi Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 177. St. Domingo.

CEROPALES Latr.

apicalis *S'«y, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 366. Indiana,
bipunctata Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 334. United States.
denticulata Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition,
fasciata Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 333. United States.
ferruginea Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 334. United States,
fraterna Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 180. United States.
interrupta Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 365. Indiana.
longipes Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 179. Georgia.
piciventris Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

HEMIPEPSIS Dahlli.
ustulata Kliif]. Dah/b. Hymenoptera Europtea, 1, p. 123. Mexico.

PEPSIS Fabr.
castanea Beauv. Insectes Afr. et Amer. p. 95, Hym. pi. 2, fig. 4. St. Domingo.
Domiugensis St. Farg. Hymeuopteres, 3, p. 477. St. Domingo,
elegans St. Farg. Hymeuopteres, 3, p. 489. Pennsylvania.

luteicornis Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 214. Beauv. Ins. Hym. pi. 1, f. 5. Carolina,
marginata Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. p. 94: Hym. pi. 2, figs. 2 & 3. St. Domingo.
Montezuma Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 199. Mexico.
obscura St Farg. Hym. 3, 490. Smith. Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 3d ser. 1, 36. Panama.
ornata St. Farg. Hj'm. 3, 486. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba. Cuba,
prismatica Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p, 200. Mexico,
quadrata St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 478. St. Domingo,
saphirus Beauv. Insectes Afr. et Amer. p. 39, Hym. pi. 1, fig. 4. St. Domingo.
Sommeri Dahlb. Ilymenoiitera Europaja, 1. p. 465. Mexico,
speciosa Beavv. Insectes Afr. et Amer. p. 95; Hym. pi. 2, fig. 5. St. Domingo,
sulphureicornis Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. p. 95; Hym. pi. 2, fig. 6. St. Domingo.
T Beauv. Insectes Afr. et Amer. p. 117, ■ Hym. pi. 3, fig. 5. U. States. St. Domingo.

AMMOPHILA Kirby.
aberti Hald. Stansbury's Salt Lake Expedition, Ajipend. vol. 2, j), 368. Ft. Gates.
apicalis Gucr. Iconographie due Eegne Animal, 3, p. 435; tab. 70, fig. 3. Cuba,
arvensis aS'^. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 384. North America,
atriceps Sm,ith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 221. Mexico.
breviceps Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 221. Mexico.
cementaria Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 223. Florida. Georgia,
conditor Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4. p. 223. Florida.
fulvicaulis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
gracilis ;S7. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 381. Mexico.

Gryphus Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4. p. 222. North America,
intercepta St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 378. North America.

luctuosa Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 224. N. Scotia. California,
lugubris Harris, Catalogue of tlie Insects of Mnssachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

18G3.] B19

nigricans Dahlb. IlymoiKiptora Edropa'a. 1. p. 14. South Cardlina.

placida Smifli, British Museum Catalogue, Ilym. 4, p. 221. California.

procera St. Farg. Hym. 3, p. 376. Dahlb. Hymen. Europ. 1, p. 15. N. America.

saeva Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Ilym. 4, p. 222. California.

urnaria Klug. Dahlh. Ilymenoptera Europwa, 1, p. 14. S. Carolina. Pennsylvania.

violaceipennis St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 370. Philadelphia.

CHALYBION Dahll).
Ziinmermanni Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, p. 22. South Carolina.

PELOPCEUS Latr.
abhreviatus Fabr. Syst. Piez. 204. Dahlb. (Ammojjhila) Ilym. Eur. 1, 15. S. Car.
architectus King. St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 313. New Orleans.
assimilis Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsfia, 1, p. 23. Cuba.
Canadensis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 223. Canada,
fasciatus St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 315. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. St. Domingo,
figulus Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europtea, 1, p. 23. Smith, B. M. C. 4, 234. St. Domingo.
Servillei St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 313. New Orleans.
Solieri St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 318. Gaudeloupe.

PODIUM Fabr.

luctuosum Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 235. North Carolina,
opalinum Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 236. Jamaica,
rufipes Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 183. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 4, p. 235. St. Domingo.

CHLORION Fabr.
cyaneum Dahlb. Hymenoptera Euro])a^a. 1, p. 24. North America.

SPHEX Linn.
abdominalis Drury, Insects. 1, p. 108; tab. 45, fig. 2. .Jamaica.
affinis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 203. Americse Insulis (West Indies?),
amethystina Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 210. St. Crucis.
apicalis JIarri.i. Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, 262. Florida. Georgia,
argentata Dahlb. Hym. Europ. 1, p 25. Smith. Brit. Mus. Cat. 4, 252. Fbirida.
atrata St. Farg. Hym. 3, 355. Smith, (Priononyx) Brit. Mus. Cat. North America.
Csementaria Drury, Insects, 1, p. 105: tab. 44, fig. 6. West Indies,
coerulea Linn. Systema Naturae, 2, p. 941. Drury, Insects, 2, pi. 39, fig. S. N. Amer.
croesus St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 351. North America.
cyaneum Linn. Systema Naturaj, 2, p. 941. North America,
dimidiata St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3. p. 352. North America,
dorsalis St. Farg. Hym. 3, 347. Smith, Tr. Ent. Soc. Loud. 3 ser. 1. 30. Panama,
elegans Synith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, p. 262. California,
flavipes Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 202. Smith, (Pelopojus) B. M. C. 4. North America,
flavipes SmAfh, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 263. Georgia,
habona Say, Insects of Louisiana, p. 14. Louisiana.

heros Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 245. Dahlb. (Pejjsis) Hymen. Euroj). 1, p. 122. AV. I.
ichneumonea Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, p, 959. St. Farg. Hym. 3, j). 346. Nortli America,
instabilis Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 4, ji. 263. North America,
jamaicensis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, ji- 203. Jamaica.

?)L;0 [January

labrosa Ilurris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

Laniorii Giu'r. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 433; tab. 70, tig. 2. Cuba.

lunata Fnbr. Entomohigia Systematica. 2, p. 203. AmericEe Insulis (West Indies?).

ornata St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 344. Cuba.

pensylvanica Linn. Systema Naturse, 2, p. 941. Beauv. Ins. pi. 3, fig. 4. Penn.

petiolatus l>rury, Insects, 2, p. 75; tab. 39, fig. 7. Jamaica.

Philaclelphica St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3. p. 340. Philadelphia.

plumipes Drury, Insects, 1, p. 104; tab. 44, fig. 5. New York.

rubra Drvrj/. Insects, 2, p. 75; tab. 39, fig. 6. Antigua.

ruficornis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 219. Beauv. Ins. pi. 2, f. 1. St. Dom.

rufipes *S7. Farg. Hymenopteres, 4, p. 343. Port-au-Prince,

singularis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 261. Honduras.

speciosus Drury, Insects, 2, p. 71; tab. 38, fig. 1. (North America.)

stellata Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 219. Beauv. Ins. p. 259; Hym. pi. 10. fig. 4. St. Dom.

Thomee Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 199. St. Thomas.

tibialis St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 339. Philadelphia.

tropica Linn. Systema Natur?e, 2, p. 945. Smith, (Pompilus) B. M. C. 3. N. Amer.

violaceipennis St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 349. Philadelphia.

AMPULEX .Juriue.

caualiculata Say, Western Quarterl}' Reporter, vol. 2, p. 76. Missouri,
pensylvanicus Jfa/J. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Phila. 4, 203. Penn.

RHINOPSIS Westw.
Abbottii Wcstiv. Arcana Entomologica, 2, p. 68; tab. 65, fig. 5. Georgia.

Fam. SCOLTAD.E.

MYZINE Latr.
flavipes Oliv. Encyclopedic Methodique, Insects, 8, p. 136. Carolina,
hamatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 300. Indiana,
nitida Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 77. Jamaica.
proxima Gucr. Diet. pitt. d'Hist. Nat. 6, p. 575. North America.

PLESIA Jurine.
analis Gucr. Revue Zoologique, 1838, -p. 58. Mexico.
fuliginosa St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 581. Pennsylvania,
marginata Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 75.
menechma St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 583. Carolina.
Romandii Gucr. Revue Zoologique, 1838, p. 59. St. Thomas,
sellata St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 577. lies d'Ameriqiie (West Indies?),
sexmaculata Gucr. Revue Zoologique, 1838, p. 57. Mexico.

MERIA Jurine.

coUaris Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 362. Indiana.
costata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 361. Indiana.

1863.] 321

TIPHIA Latr.
albilabris Sf. Farg. Ilymonoptcrcs, .'!, p. 556. California.

epMppium Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 225. Smith, B. M. C. 3. N. Araer.
flavipennis St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 555. California.

haemorrhoidalis Fahr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 225. Smith, (Myzine) B. M. C. 3. N. Amer.
inornata Sai/, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 331. Ohio. Pennsylvania,
interrupta Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 332. Pennsylvania,
maculata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 224. Georgia,
namea Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 233. Carolina.
nitida Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 84. Jamaica.
obscura Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, ]). 233. Carolina.
Serena Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 234. Carolina.
tarda Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 300. Indiana,
transversa Say, Contributions to Maclurian Lyceum, vol. 1, p. 82. Indiana,
trifasciata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 226. St. Crucis.

SCOLIA Latr.

Abbotii Klug. Weber & Mohr. Beitr. 2, jj. 213. N. Amer.

anceps Sauss. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3 ser. 6, p, 22 L Mexico.

ardens Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 112. Mexico.

atrata Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 228. Bea.uv. Ins. p. 258; Hym. pi. 10, f. 3. St. Domingo.

aulica Burvi. Abli. Nat. Ges. Halle, 1, p. 33. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. S. Carolina.

azteca Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 281. Mexico.

bifasciata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, 3. p. 97. North America.

bimaculata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 231. North America.

confluenta Say, West. Quar. Rep. 2, p. 74. American Entomologj^, pi. 29. Arkansa.

dubia Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 364. United' States.

ephippium Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 363. Mexico.

fervida Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, 1, p. 20. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. Mexico.

fossulana Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 242. Carolina.

guttata Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, 1, p. 36. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. Mexico.

haeniatodes Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, 1, p. 33. Mexico.

hsematog'aster Fert. Delect, etc. p. 139, tab. 27, fig. 14. West Indies?

limosa Burm. Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, 1, p. 28. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. Mexico.

maculata Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. 2, pt. 2, p. 255. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. Georgia.

Mexicana Sauss. Ann, Soc. Ent. France, 3 ser. 6, ]). 219. Mexico.

Montezumse Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857, p. 281. Mexico.

nobilitata Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, j). 244. Carolina.

obscura Klug. Weber & Mohr. Beitr. 1, 33. N. America.

octomaculata Say, West. Quar. Rep. 2, p. 74. American Entomology, plate 29. Ark.

ornata Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 96. Georgia.

Otomita Sauss. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 3 ser. 6, p. 223. Mexico.

Petitii Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. 2, pt. 2, p. 249. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. Mexico.

4-macuIata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2. p. 229. North America.

4-notata Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 240. Carolina.

radula Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 232. North America.

sexcincta Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 236. St. Farg. (Plesia) Hymen. 3, 584. Carolina.

tricincta Say, West, Quar. Rejj. 2, p. 74. American Entomology, pi. 29.

322 [January

undata Kliuj. W.-ber & Muhr. Buili-. L'. 21l'. Smith. BriL. AIus. Cat. ;i. N. America.

ELIS Fi'br.

americana Sau.is. Kevue et Magazin de Zoologie. 1857. p. 282. Mexico,
pilipes Saus.'s. Ann. Soc. Ent. France. H ser. (>, p. 246. Texas.
regina Sauss. ib. 2117. Mexico,

texensis Saus-f. ib. 224, Texas,

tolteca Saufis. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 18.'(7. p. 282. Mexico.

COLPA St. Farg.
Pensylvanica St. Fan;. Hymeno))teres. '■'<. p. 540. Pbiladelphia.

SAPYGA Latr.

centrata Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 301. United States.
Martini Smit/i. Britisli Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 117. Hudson's Bay.
peptica Harris. <'atalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.
subulata Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 75. United States.

Faiii. MUTELLTD.E.

MUTILLA Linn,
andreniformis Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hj'iii. 3, ]>. 55. Mexico,
antiguensis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. '.M'u. Antigua,
arachnoides Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Ilym. 3, p. 57. Mexico.
Araneoides Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. :)5. Pnuama.
bifasciata Swed. Xov. Act. Ilolm. 8, 285. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3, 58. Xew York,
canina Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3. p. 58. Mexico,
capitata Smith, ib. 58: ])1. 1. fig. 3. ^Mexico,

coccinea Linn. Systema Naturae, 2, p. 900. Leach, Miscellany, 2. ]>. 112. IST. Amer.
combusta Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 59. Mexico.
contracta Saj/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 295. Arkansa.
diadema Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, 429. St. Farg. Hym. 3, p. 619. St. Domingo,
dislocata Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
dorsata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. p. 281. West Indies,
dubitata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 60, Florida,
erythrina Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, p. 297. Mexico,
exulans Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, 308. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 3. N. Am.
fenestrata St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, ]>. 027. Pennsylvania,
ferrugata Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 438. Carolina.
frigida Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 00. Arctic America.
gibbosa Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, p. 298. Indiana,
hexagona Say, ib. 295. ib.

militaris Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 01. Jamaica.
Montezumae St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 034. Mexico.
occidentalis Linn. Systema Natune. 2, \>. 9(11). Noith America.

18G3.]

Oi)0

pensylvanica St. Farg. Ilymc'uoptt'Tes. ;>, ()2S. PliilaiU'lpliia.

pervaga Ilnrris. Catalogue of the lusei-ts of Massafliiisotts. L'ml (;<litiiiii. Mass.

pulchra Smith, British Museum Catalogue. ILyiu. ;i. ji. ('i2. Mexicn.

quadriguttata Sm/. We-steni Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2. p. 74. Rooky Mouniains.

rufa 'SV. Farg. Hymenoptercs, W, p. 031. Philadelj)hia.

scrupea Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I. p. 21t7. Indiana.

senex Gucr. Iconographic due Regne Animal, 3, p. 429: tab. (iO. fig. 4. Cuba.

simillima Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. .■?, p. 62. Massachusetts.

undulata Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition. Mass.

vagans Fabr. Entomologia Systematica. Suppl. p. 282. North America.

versicolor Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 371. Smith. Brit. Mus. Cat. ,3, p. 63. Florida.

verticalis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 63. Mexico.

vestita St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 3, p. 634. Mexico.

vigilaus Sa)/. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 290. Pennsylvania.

xanthocerata Smith. Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 3d eer. 1, }>. 3.5. Panama.

MYRMOSA Latr.
unicolor Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2. p. 331. North-west Territory.

METHOCA Latr.

bicolor Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 299. Indiana.
Canadensis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 07. Canada.
pacalis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.
Poeyi G?aV. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, 430. LaSagra. ii\. M>,fig. $,. Cuba.

TENGYKA Latr.
Stygia, Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 299. Indiana.

SCLEEODERMA Westw.

contracta Westir. Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 2, p. 169, tab. 15, tig. 11. Carolina.
Mexicana Westw. ib. 169. Mexico.

thoracica ^Ve.^tw. ib. 167. North America.

LABIDUS Jurine.

Curtisii Shuck. (Tryphlopone) Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 ser. 5, p. 265. West Indies?
Harrisii Hald. Stansb. Salt Lake Exped. Append, p. 367, pi. 9, fig. 4. Ft. Gates.
Kirbii Shvck. (Tryphlopone) Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 ser. 5. p. 265. West Indies?
Klugii Shuck. ibid. 260. St. Vincent's.

Melshaemeri Hald. Stansb. Salt Lake Exped. Append. 368, pi. 9, fig. 7. Ft. Gates.
Mexicanus Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 7. p. 7. Mexico,
morosus Smith. ibid. 6. ib.

Saji Hald. Stansb. Salt Lake Exped. Append, p. 367, pi. 9, figs. 1-3. Ft. Gates.
Swainsonii Shuck. Ann. Mag. Nat. Ili.st. 1. .5, 201. Smith, B. M. C. 7, p. 8. Mexico.

324 [January

Fam. FORMICID^.

FORMICA Linn.

albipennis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 354. St. Crucis.

albofasciata Smith, Trans. Entora. Soc. London, 3rd series, vol. 1, p. 29. Panama.

antiguensis Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 357. Antigua.

apMdicola Walsh, Proc. Entom. Soc. Philada. vol. 1, p. 310. Illinois.

arborea Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 6, 44. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. 1, 29. Panama.

atrata Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 965. Sm. (Cryptocerus) Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. 1, 35. Pan.

badia Latr. Histoire Naturelle des Fonrmis, p. 238: pi. 9, fig. 71. Carolina.

bilobata Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

bimaculata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 50. St. Vincent's.

bispinosa OUv. Encycl. 6, 502. Sm. (Polyrhachis) Tr. Ent. Soc. Lou. 3 ser. 1, 31. Pan.

brunnea Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 169, pi. 6, fig. 35. Sm. B. M. C. 6, p. 7. Georgia.

Caryae Fitch, 1st A; 2nd Eeports, p. 151. New York.

castanea Latr. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, p. 118; pi. 3, fig. 12. Carolina.

cephalotes Liiin. Syst. Nat. 2, 964. Sm. (CEcodoma) B. M. C. 6, 180, pi. 10, f. 21. Mex.

conspicua Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 48. Jamaica.

corusca Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3d ser. 1, p. 30. Panama.

dislocata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 288. Indiana.

esuriens Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 64. Mexico.

ferruginea Fahr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 279. Smith, B. M. C. 6, 53. North America.

fervens Drury, Insects, 3, p. 58; tab. 42, fig. 3. Mosquito Shore (Central America).

fusca Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 963. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. 4, p. 262. North America.

hsematoda Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 965. Sm. (Odontomachus) Tr. Ent. Soc. Lon. 3, 1, 31. Pan.

hsemorrhoidalis Latr. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, p. 276. St. Domingo.

herculanea Linn. Systema Naturre, 2, p. 962. North America.

hystrix Latr. Hist. Nat. Fi)urni. p. 229. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, p. 755. Cuba.

imparls Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 287. Indiana.

incisa Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 52. Mexico.

incisuralis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

Integra J^yl. Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 54. United States.

laevigata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 3, p. 55. California.

lateralis Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourra. p. 172. Smith, B. M. C. 6, 52. North America.

latipes Walsh, Proc. Entom. Soc. Philada. vol. 1, p. 311. Illinois.

lauta Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 286. Indiana.

melineura Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

mellea Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 286. Louisiana.

melligera Lucas, Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1860, p. 275. Mexico.

nigra Linn. Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 52. North America.

Novaeboracensis Fitch, 1st & 2nd Reports, p. 62. New York.

pallide-fulva Latr. Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis, p. 174. United States.

Pennsylvanica DeGeer, Hist. Ins. 3, j). 603, pi. 31, figs. 9 & 10. Pennsylvania.

petulca Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

pubescens Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 352. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 6, p. 11. Arctic America.

quadrata Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

1868.] 325

rufa Linn. Systema Natura\, 2, p. 902. North America.

saccharivora Linn. Sj'stema Naturae, 2, p. 96.'?. Smith, B. M. C. 6, 48. West Indies,
sanguinea Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 1.50, pi. 5, f. 29. Sm. B. M. C. 0, 4. Arctic Amer.
semipunctata Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4, p. 202. North America,
sericeiventris Gucr. Voy. Coq. Zool. 2, 205. Smith, B. M. C. 0, 40. Mexico,
sessilis Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 287. Indiana,
sexdentata Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 228. Sm. (CEcodoma) B. M. 0. 6, 183. St. Vin.
sexguttata Fahr. Entoiuologia Systematica, 2, 354. St. Crucis.
simillima Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 3rd ser. 1, p. 30. Panama,
striata Smith, ib ib 30. Panama,

subsericea Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 289. Indiana,
triangularis Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 288. Indiana,
umbrata Xyl. Addit. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1049. Sm. B. M. C. 6, 52. N. America,
unispinosa Fahr. Ent. Syst. 2, 359. Latr. Fourm. p. 192, pi. 8, fig. 53. Gaudeloupe.
vagans Oliv. Encycl. 6, 501. Smith, (Eciton) B. M. C. 6, p. 151. Mexico.

MYRMECOCYSTUS Wesm.
Mexicanus Wesm. Bull. Acad. Brux. 1838, p. 770. Mexico.

TAPINOMA Foerst.
instabilis Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 31. Panama.

ODONTOMACHTJS Latr.

clams Roger, Berliner Entomol. Zeitsehrift, 1801, p. 26. Texas,
insularis Guir. leonographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 423. Cuba.

PONERA Latr.

bicolor Gucr. Icouographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 424. Mexico.
ferruginea Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 0, p. 100. Mexico,
pedunculata Smith, B. M. C. 0, p. 90. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. 1, p. 31. Panama,
tornata Roger, Berliner Entomol. Zeitsehrift, 1861, p. 15. Mexico.

LEPTOGENYS Roger.
falcata Roger, Berliner Entomol. Zeitsehrift, 1801, p. 42. Cuba.

ECTATOMMA Smith.
scabrosa Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 31. Panama.

PACHYCONDYLA Smith.

Montezumia Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 0, p. 108. " Mexico,
punctata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 108. St. Domingo.

TYPHLOPONE Westw. •

Dahlbomii Westw. Annals <S; Magazine of Natural History, 6, p. 88. West Indies?
fulva WcHtw. ib ib 87. ib?

Shuckardi Wcstto. ib ib 88. ib? '

pallipes Hald. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Phila. 2, p. 54. Peun.

326 [January

MYRMICA Latr.
barbata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 130. Mexico,
bicarinata iVy/. Addit. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1061. Sm. B. M. C. 6, 130. California,
brevipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 130. Georgia,
corrugata Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 291. Indiana,
dimidiata Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 293.
glaber Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 34. Panama,
inflecta Satj, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 292. Indiana,
lineolata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 290. United States.
minuta Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 294. Indiana,
molesta Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 293. Indiana,
opposita Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 292.
polita Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 34. Paiaama.
reticulata Smith, ib. 33. ib.

russula Xyl. Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 132. St. Domingo.
Sallei Gucr. Eevue ef Magazin de Zoologie, 1852, p. 76, pi. 3. St. Domingo,
transversa Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 129. North America.

STIGMATOMMA Roger,
serratum Roger, Berliner Entomol. Zeitschrift, 1859, p. 251. Baltimore.

CREMATOGASTER Lund.
Montezumia Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 139. Mexico.

MYRMEX Guer.
Perbosci Gucr. Iconographie due Kegne Animal, 3, p. 428. Bay of Campeehe.

PSEUDOMYRMA Guer.

bicolor Gucr. Icon. 427. Smith. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 32. Panama,

cephalica Smith, ibid. 32. ib.

ilavidula Smith, ibid. 32. ib.

modesta Sinith. ibid. 32. ib.

pallida S?uit.h, ihid. new ser. 3, p. 9. Florida.

ATTA St. Farg.
clypeata Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 0. p. 169. Mexico,
crudelis Smith, ibid. 170. Georgia.

insularis Gvrr. Iconographie PiPgne Animal, 3, 422. LaSagra, Cuba, t. 18. f. 6. Cuba.

(ECODOMA Latr.
Mexicana Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 6, p. 185, pi. 10, fig. 20. Mexico.

CRYPTOCERITS Latr.

araneolus Smith, Annals of Natural History, 2nd series, 11, p. 336. St. Vincent's,
argentatus Smith. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2 ser. 2, 218. Brit. Mus. Cat. 6, 189. Mexico.
bimaculatus Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 411. Mexico.
minutus Fnhr. Sysr. Piez. p. 425. Smith, Tran. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3 ser. 1, 409. Panama.

Fain. KrCMEXID.E.

ZETHUS Fabr.
albopictus Smith, Britisli Museum Catalogue, Hym. », p. 15. St. Doiiiiugo.
aztecus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 270. Mexico,
bicolor Sauss. Monog. des Gucpes Sol. p. 17. Florida,
cbicotencatl Sauss. Revue ct Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 271. Mexico,
chrysopterus Sauss. Monog. de.s Gucpes Sol. p. 1.1, pi. S, lig. 7. Mexico?
Gautemotzin Savss. Revue et Magazin do Zoologie, 1857, p. 270. Mexico,
gracilis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 5, p. 17. Mexico.
Jurinei Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 15. St. Domingo?
laevinodus S>nith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 5, p. 17. Mexico.
Matzicatzin Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857. p. 271. Mexico,
montezuma Sau.ss. ibid. 270. ib.

Poeyi Sau.ss. ibid. 270. Cuba,

spinosus Sauss. ibid. 270. Mexico,

spinipes Saj/. (Lethus) Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I, p. .387. Indiana,
tubulifer Westw. Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. IS. Mexico,
variegatus Sai^ss. ibid. 13. ib?

Westwoodi Sauss. ibid. 16; Suppl. pi. G. fig. 2. Mexico.

DISCCELIUS Latr.
pulchellus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 127. Mexico. .Jamaica.

EUMENES Latr.

agilis Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. i'l. Smith. Brit. Mus. Cat. Xorth America.

Americana Sauss. ibid. 39. Mexico.

anormis Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 3-16. Arkansa.

aztecus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 272. Mexico.

colona Sau.^s. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 70. Jamaica.

compressus Sau.'is. ibid. Sup. 142. t. 7. f. 5. Smith. B. M. C. 5. N. Amer?

fervens Sauss. ibid. 40. Xew Orleans. Carolina.

fraterna Sai/, Long's Second Exped. 2, 344. Sauss. Guep. Sol. pi. 11, f. 8. U. States-

globulosus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 139. North America.

infundibuliformis Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 288. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 5, 39. Mexico.

Iturbide Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 271. Mexico.

macrops Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 41. North Carolina.

mexicanus Saicss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 272. Mexico.

minuta Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 291. Sauss. Mon. Guep. Sol. p. 39. North America.

ornatus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Sujijil. p. 147: pi. 8, fig. 3. Antilles.

pensylvanica Hald. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Phila. 6, p. 305. Pcnn.

picta Smith, British Museum Catahigue, Hym. 5, p. 32. St. Domingo.

placidus Smith. Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 3rd ser. 1, p. 37. Panama.

regulus Sau.ss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 272. Mexico.

rufinoda Latr. Sau.ss. (Zethus) Mon. Guepes Sol. Suppl. 118, pi. 6, fig. 3. W. Indies.

Smithii Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 43, tab. 10, lig. 1. Florida.

substricta ITnld. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada. 2, p. 54. (Pennsylvania.)

verticalis Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 310. Pennsylvania.

328 [January

PACHYMENES Sauss,
obscura Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 5, p. 34. Mexico.
santanna Sauss. Revue et Magazin cle Zoologie, 1857, p. 252. Mexico.
ventricosa Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 77, pi. 12, fig. 7. South Carolina.

MONTEZUMIA Sauss.
cortesia Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 92 ; pi. 15, fig. 2. Mexico,
hausteca Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 271. Mexico.
Mexicana Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 94. Mexico.
rufipes Sauss. Mon. Guep. Sol. 89, t. 15, f. 1. Sm. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lon. 3, 1, 37. Panama.

MONOBIA Sauss.
egregia Sauss. Mon. Guep. Sol. Sup. 108, t. 9, f. 5. Smith, B. M. C. 6. West Indies.

RYGCHIUM Spinola.

balteatum Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 383. Indiana,
louisianum Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 106, i>l. 13, fig. 9. Kew Orleans.

ODYNEETJS Latr.

acolhuus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 280, Mexico.

adiabatus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 138. Carolina.

albomarginatus Sauss. ibid. Suppl. p. 195. Hudson's Bay.

albophaleratus Sauss. ibid. 217. Arctic America.

Alvarado Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 276. Mexico.

ammonia Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 144. Carolina.

annalatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 348. North-west Territory.

Arista Sauss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857, p. 274. Mexico.

atricornis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

aztecus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 275. Mexico.

auratus Sauss. ibid. 1858, p. 166. ib.

Bairdi Sauss. ibid. 169. Texas.

Bellone St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 660. Sauss. Guej^. Sol. pi. 16, f. 10. Carolina.

birenimaculatus Sau,ss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 135. Carolina.

Boscii St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 637. Sauss. Guep. Sol. pi. 17, f. 10. Carolina.

brachygaster Sauss. Guep. Sol. p. 173. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, pi. 19, fig. 6. Cuba.

Bravo Sauss. (Ancistrocerus) Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 274. Mexico.

Bucu [ensis] Sauss. Guep. Sol. p. 185. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba, pi. 13, fig. 3. Cuba.

Bustamente Sauss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 273. Mexico.

campestris Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 137. Carolina.

Canadensis Sauss. ibid. Suppl. p. 196. Oanada.

capra Sauss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857, 273. United States. Canada.

castigatus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 178. Carolina.

Catskill [ensis] Sauss. ibid 136, pi. 16, fig. 8. North America.

Catepetlensis Sauss. ibid. Suppl. 255. Mexico.

chichimeous Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 280. Mexico.

cervus Sauss. ibid. 1858, j). 165. Canada.

conformis Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 219. New Orleans.

cubensis Sauss. ibid. 181, pi. 18, fig. S. Cuba.

cristatus <S'aw6i-. ibid. Suppl. p. 196. North America?

275.

Mexico.

277.

ib.

278.

ib.

275.

ib.

1808.] :]20

crypticus <SVn/, Western Quartorly lleportor, vol. 2, |). SI. Arkiinsa.

Daedalus JTarris, CataK)giie of tlie luseets of M;issacliusetts, 2ii(l edition.

debilis Harris, Catalogue of the Inseets of Massachusetts, 2nd edition.

diabolicus Sausx. Mon. Guep. Sol. p. 171. Smith. Brit. Mus. Cat. .0. North America.

distans Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition. iSla.ss.

elegans Gucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 44G. pi. 7(i, tig. 5. Cuba.

Enyo St. Fanj. Ilymcnopteres, 2, p. tU8. Cuba.

Erynnis St. Farg. ib. (545. San.ss. Mon. Guep. Sol. p. 1 7S. Carolina.

farias Saii.ss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857, 274. Mexico.

figulus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 247. Gaudelou])e.

flavicomis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition. Mass.

flavopictus Sau.ss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857, p. 276. United States.

foraminatus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 180. Carolina.

fulvipes Sauss. ibid. Suppl. 205. Sni. B. M. C. 5, SI. Carolina.

fuscipes Sauss. ibid. 143. North America.

Guadulpensis Sauss. ibid. 182. Guadeloupe.

Guzmani Sauss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867. p.

Guerrero Sauss. ibid.

haustecus Sauss. ibid.

Hidalgo Sauss. ibid.

histrio St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 038. Carolina.

Huro Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 21)7. United States.

incommodus Sauss. ib. p. 143. LaSagra, Hist. Cuba. Cuba.

Ituibide Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 276. Mexico.

leucomelas Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 255. New York.

luctuosus Sauss. ibid. 220. South Carolina.

maya Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 279. Mexico.

inegaera >S7. Farg. Hymen. 2, 636. Sauss. Guep. Sol. pi. 17, f. 11. Carolina.

Mohicanus Sau.ss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 297. North America.

Morelios Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 276. Mexico.

mystecus Sauss. ibid. 279. ib.

uasidens Lair. Sauss. ibid. 1858, p. 165. ib.

occidentalis Sauss. ibid. 1857, p. 274. Sonora.

otomitus Sauss. ibid. 278. Mexico.

oculatus Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 385. Ohio.

Parredes Sau.ss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 273. Mexico.

perennis Sauss. ibid. 277. United States.

Peyroti Sauss. ibid. 278. Mexico.

Pensylvanicus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. Suppl. p. 257. Pennsylvania.

persecutor Sauss. ibid. 256, pi. 14, fig. 1. U. States.

pertinax Sauss. ibid. 216. New York.

pedestris Sauss. ibid. 206. S7n. B. M. C. 5, 82. N. A.

Philadelphiae Sauss. (Protodynerus) Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 272. Penn.

pleuricincta Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition.

productus Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 37. Panama.

proximus Sauss. (Ancistrocerus) Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 274. New York.

pruinosus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 5, p. 79. St. Domingo.

quadrisectus Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 385. United States.

830 [January

rugosus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 17'». North America.

saecularis Sauss. ibid. 142. Carolina.

Santa Anna Sauss, (Aneistrocerus) Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, 273. Mex.

similis Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 5, p. 80. Mexico.

simplicicornis Sauss. Mon. Guepes Sol. Suppl. 25.3. LaSagra, pi. 19, fig. 5. Cuba.

Spinolae Saiiss. ibid. 216. Philadelphia.

sobrinus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 278. Mexico.

sulphureus Sauss. ibid. 1858, p. 170. California.

Sumichrasti Sauss. ibid. 1857, p. 275. Mexico.

symmorphus Sauss. Monog. Guepes Sol. Suppl. 246. Florida.

Sylveirae Sauss. ibid. p. 217, pi. 10, fig. 8. Sm. B. M. C. 6. Arctic Amer.

tapanecus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 280. Mexico.

tigris Sauss. (Aneistrocerus) ibid. 273. Pennsylvania.

Tisiphone St. Farg. Hym. 2, 646. Sauss. Mon. Guep. Sol. p. 183. Carolina?

toltecus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 277. Mexico.

totonacus Sauss. ibid. 278. ib.

tuberculocephalus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. p. 139, pi. 16, fig. 9. Mexico.

Tacubayse Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 279. Mexico.

unifasciatus Saicss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. yt. 138. Carolina.

vagus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 277. United States.

Victoria Sauss. ibid. 279. Mexico.

LEPTOCHILUS Sauss.

denticulatus Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1855, p. 373. Mexico.

fallax Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Sol. 234, pi. 20, f. 6. Sm. Brit. Mus. Cat. 5. N. Am.

ornatus Sau.ss. ibid. 236, pi. 20, fig. 4. Carolina.

PTEROCHILUS Klug.
6-fasciatus /SV/y, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 347. North-west Territory.

Fail.. VESPIO.^.

POLISTES Latr.
apachus Sauss. Ann. Soo. Ent. France, 3 ser. 5. p. 314. New Mexico. Sonora.
areata Say. Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 388. Mexico,
aurifer Sanss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 78. California,
comanchus Sauss. Ann. Soc. Ent. Soc. France, 3 ser. 5. p. 314. New Mexico.
Cubensis St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 1, p. 526. Cuba.

exilis Sauss. Monog. des Guejoes Soc. p. 85, tab. 12, fig. 5. North America,
instabilis Sauss. ibid. 91, tab. 10, fig. 2, & tab. 11, fig. 1. Mexico,

major Bcauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. p. 206, Hym. tab. 8, fig. 1. St. Domingo.
media Bcauv. ibid. 207, ib. 2. ib.

minor Bcauv. ibid. 207, ib. 3. ib.

mellifiea San. Bnslon .Tournal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 390. Mexico,
metrica <SV»y, il). p. 3S3. >S''XJ/.«.s-. Guep. Soc. pi. 7, f. 4. U. States,

modestus S'nith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London. 3rd ser. 1, p. 38. Panama,
oculatus Smith. British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 5. p. 111. Mexico.

IbOH.]

381

pallipes .S7. /'(()•(/. Ilyia, 1. p. u:!0. Sau.sx. Mon. Oiiop. Soe. t. 12, f. 1-4. N. America.

parvula Fabr. Syst. I'ioz. j>. I'Sit. ,Stti(.ss. (rcilybia) (.iiu'i). ^^'^- P- ''"'• M<"xiij".

Poeyi St. Farg. Ilymenopti-res. 1. j). 'M'l. Cuba.

promethea Hai-ris, Catalogue of the Insects of ^hiirsaclmsells, 2ih1 edition.

rubiginosa St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 1, j>. 524. I'liiladelpliia.

valida Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. I. p. '.'MK Mexico.

VESPA Linn.
Americana Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 276. Sauss. (Poiistes) Guep. Soc. {):l. t. 1 1. f. 4 & [>. \V. I.
annularis Li7in. Syst. Nat. 2, 950. Sau.'i-s. ib. ]>!. s. lig. 4. N. Auier.

apicalis i'ai?-. Sysl. Piez. p. 2G0. /S'awA.v. (Ciiartergus) Guep. Sue. ]i. 217. Mexico,
arenaria Fabr. Ent, Syst. 2, 258. Sauas. Monog. Guepes Soc. p. i:i4. N. Arneiiea.
borealis Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4. p. 2)54. North Aniencu.
Canadensis Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, j). 952. Sauss. (Polistes) Guep. See. t. 'J, f. 1. X. xVni.
carnifex i^aZ>'/-. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 260. Sauss. ib. 00. t. 10. f. 5. W. Ind.

Carolina Linn. Systema Naturae, 2, 048. (Carolina.)

chartaria Oliv. Encycl. 6, 687. Smith, British Museum Catalogue, 5, KM. Mexico.
cincta Drury. Insects, vol. 1, p. 98; tab. 43, fig. 6. Virginia.

communis Sauss. Entomolugische Zeitimg, Stettin, 1857. p. 117. North America.
consobrina Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc, p. 141. Newiouiulland.
cuneata Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 258. Carolina.
diabolica Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. loS. Philadelphia,
dorsalis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 265. North America,
flavipes Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 273. Sauss. (Odynerus) Guep. Sol. 112, t. 16, f. 3. Carolina,
fraterna Harris. Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition. Mass.
germanica Fabr. Eut. Syst. 2, 256. Sauss. Guep. Soc. 117, pi. 1 1. i'. 4. N. America,
inaequalis Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts. 2nd edition.
infernalis Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 130. Philadelphia.
Jamaicensis Drury, Insects, vol. 1, p. 104, pi. 44. lig. 4. Jamaica,
lineata Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 259. Sauss. (PolistesJ Guep. Soc. 05. pi. 11, lig, tl. W. I.
maculata Linn. Systema Naturae, 2, p. 948. North America,
maculata Drury, Insects, vol. 2, p. 74, pi. 39, iig. 2. Jamaica,
maculifrons Harris, Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts, 2nd edition,
marginata Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4, p. 265, t. 6, f. 2. North America.
Nestor Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. p. 202. North America,
nigripennis DcGeer, Mem. Ins. 3, p. 582, pi. 29, tig. 10. Pennsylvania,
pensylvanica Sauss. Enlomologische Zeitung, Stettin, IS57, p. 117. North America,
phthisica Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, p. 281. Sauss. (Polyl)ia) Guep. Soc. 186. St. Thomas.
quadridens Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 951. /S'a«A-.s. (Monobia) ib. Sol. t. 16, f. 1. N. Anier.
serripes Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2. p. 266. North Amerca.
signata Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 952. St. Farg. (Monedula) Hymen. 3, 283. Cuba,
squamosus Drury, Insects, vol. 1, p. 98, pi. 43, fig. 7. New York.
sulphurea Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 137. California.
tibialis Otiv. Encyclopedic Methodique, Ins. 6, p. 600. Georgia.
tricolor Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, 271. Jamaica.

uncinata Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 259. St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, j). 619. N. America.
versicolor Oliv. Encycl. 6, 692. Smith, Tr. Ent. Soc, Lon. 3rd ser. 1, .'iS. I'anama.
vidua Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. i;i6. Carolina.
vulgaris Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 040. Sauss. Guepes Soc. j)I. 11. fig. 3. North Ainerica.

332 [January

SYNCECA Sauss.
azurea Sauss. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 2 ser. 10, p. .354. Guep. Soc. p. 160. Mexico.

POLYBIA St. Farg.
Cubensis Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 202, tab. 25, figs. 5 & 6. Cuba.
fasciata Sauss. Guep. Soc. p. 182. Smith, Tr. Ent. Soc, Lon. Srd ser. 1, ^d. Panama,
fastidiosuscula Sauss. 197. Smith, ibid. ?,9. ib.

fuscicornis Sauss. 210. Smith, ibid. .39. ib.

flavitarsis Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 199. Smith, B. M. C. 5, pi. 5, f. 1. Cala.
laboriosa Sauss. ibid. 171. Mexico.

Mexicana Sauss. ibid. 203, pi. 26, fig. 6. Mexico,

metathoracica (S'awss. 198, pi. 25, f. 1. iSwi. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lon. 3, 1, 39. Panama,

pediculata Sauss. 205. pi. 26, f. 7. Sm. ibid. 39. ib.

pallidi-pectus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 5, p. 128. Mexico,
simillima Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 39. Panama.
xanthopus Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 190. Mexico.

TATUA Sauss.
Guerini Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 215. Mexico.

NECTARINIA Shuck.
analis Shuck. Smith, Tran. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 39. Panama.
August! Sauss. Monog. des Guepes Soc. p. 233. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 5. Mexico,
azteca Sauss. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie, 1857, p. 280. Mexico.

Fam. ANDRENIDJi:.

COLLETES Latr.
inaequalis Sa>/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 391. Indiana,
mandibularis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 5. Georgia.
thoracica Smith. ibid. 5. Florida.

PROSOPIS Fabr.
afiinis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, 1, p. 24. North America,
basalis Smith, ibid. 23. Hudson's Bay.

confluens Smith, ibid. 24. Florida.

elliptica Kirhy, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4, p. 266. North America.

SPHECODES Latr.
confertus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 392. Indiana.
dichroa Harris. Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 38. U. States.

HALICTTJS Latr.

capitosus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 67. Georgia. Florida.
confusus Smith, ibid. 70. Hudson's Bay.

18G8.]

833

coriaceus A'w(7/(, British Museum Catalogne. Hyiu. l,p. 70. Nova Scotia.

crassicornis Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Aiuericuna, -i, p. 2G7. North America.

creberrimus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 72. North America.

dimidiatus St. Farg. Ilfmenojitdres. 2, 283. North America?

discus Smith. British Museum Catahigue, Hyiu. 1. p. 70. North America.

farinosus Smith, ibid.

fulvipes Smith, ibid.

fuscipennis Smith, ibid.

gemmatus Sniifh, ibid.

69.
67.
67.
65.

California.

Florida,
lb.

Jamaica.

Hesperus Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, .3d eer. 1, p. 40. Panama,
imitatus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 71. North America,
inconspicuus Smith, ibid. 73, ib.

Isevissiraus Smith, ibid. 72. Arctic America,

labrosus Sm/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 39J:. Mexico.
Lerouxii St. Farg. Hymcnopteres, 2, p. 272. North America. ,

ligatus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 396. United States,
nymphalis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 08. Florida.
parallelus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, p. 397. Indiana.
pectoralis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 68. Florida.
pilosus Smith, ibid. 71. North America.

Poeyi St. Farg. Hymcnopteres, 2, p. 271. Cuba.

purus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 395. United States.
radiatus Say, ibid. 394. Indiana,

similis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 69. Hudson's Bay.
subquadratus Sm,ith, ibid. 72. New York,

splendens -S'^. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 283. Carolina.
tricolor St. Farg. ibid. 289. North America.

Zeph3rrus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. OS. Florida.

HYL.EUS Fabr.

abdominalis Panz. Smith, (Halictus) Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. 1, p. 45. Nova Scotia.
flavipes Fabr. But. Syst. 2, p. 305. Smith, (Halictus) Brit. Mus. Cat. 1, 48. Ohio,
modestus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 392.

AUGOCHLORA Smith,
aurata Smith, Britisli Mus(Mim Catalogue, Hym. 1, ]). 82

cuprea Smith,
fervida Smith.
festiva Smith,
fulgida Smith,
gratiosa Smith,
lucidula Smith,
Eegina Smith,
splendida Smith.
sumptuosa Smith .
viridula Smith,

ibid,
ibid.
il)id.
ibid,
ibid.
ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.

OXYSTOGLOSSA Smith.
decorata Smifh, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. ]. j

. 82.

Florida.

79.

North America,

81.

ib.

SO.

Florida.

79.

ib.

80.

Georgia.

SI.

North America.

77.

Jamaica.

79.

Mexico.

82.

North America.

31.

ib.

). 83.

Jamaica.

334 ■ [January

AGAPOSTEMON Guerin.

aeruginosus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, 1. p. 86. Florida,

nasutus Smith, ibid. 87. Mexico.

pulchra Smith, ibid. 87. California.

rhopalocera Smith, ibid. 87. Mexico.

NOMIA Latr.
heteropoda Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. ;j49. Arkansa. Maryland.

ANDRENA Fabr.

algida Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 1, p. 116. Hudson's Bay.

aliena Smith, ibid. 113. Florida.

bicolor Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 310. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 1, 94. Nova Scotia.

bidentata Fabr. ib. 313. (Anthophora) Syst. Piez. p. 381. North America.

clypeata Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 115. Florida.

desponsa Smith. ibid. 114. Nova Scotia.

femoralis Gncr. leonographie due Rogne Animal, 3, p. 447: tab. 73, fig. 1. Cuba.

fimbriata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 110. United States.

fragilis Smith. ibid. 115. United States.

frigida Smith. ibid. 115. Nova Scotia.

fulvipennis Smith, ibid. 117. Florida.

hilaris Smith, ibid. 112. Georgia.

hirticeps Smith, ibid. 116. Hudson's Bay.

impuncta Kirby. Fauna Boreali-A.merieana, 4, p. 268, North America.

Integra Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 114. United States.

nigricornis Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2. p. 313. Georgia.

nivalis Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 1. p. Wi. United States.

nubecula »S'OTi7//, ibid. 117. U. States. N.Scotia.

obscuripennis Smith, ibid. lis. Georgia.

perplexa Smith, ibid. 1 18. ib.

■glsicidia Smith, ibid. 112. United States.

Poeyi Lui-as. LaSagra, Histoire de I'ile de Cuba, p. 775. Cuba.

simplex Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Hym. 1, p. 114. United States.

valida Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 393.

vicina Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1. p. 112. Nova Scotia.

victima Smith, ibid. 113. ib.

MELITTA Kirby.
albicans Kirby. Smith, (Andrena) British Museum Catalogue, 1, 98. N. Scotia.

, SCRAPTER St. Farg.

Andrenoides Smith, British Museum Catalogue. Ilym. I, j). 121. Ohio.

CILISSA Leach.
Americana Smith. British Museum Catabigue. llvm. I. ii, 123. United Slates.

isna.] :{35

Fam. APID.^L

PANURGUS ranz.
8-maculatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. ;i jO. United States.

PERDITA Smith.
halictoides Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, ]>. 128. Xorth America.

CALLIOPSIS Smith.

andreniformis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 128. Florida,

flavifrons Smith, ibid. 129. ib.

flavipes Smith, ibid. 129. ib.

maculatus Smith, ibid. 129. ib.

MACROTERA Smith.
bicoloT Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 1.30. Mexico.

OSMIA Panz.
bucconis Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 400. Indiana,
chalybea Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 143. Florida,
frigida Smith, ibid. 142. Hudson's Bay.

lignaria Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 399. United States.
simillima Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 142. United States.

LITHURGUS Latr.
compressus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 147. United States.
gibbosus Smith, ibid. Wl. ib.

MEGACHILE Latr.

acuta Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 192. North America,
bidentata Smith, ibid. 190. Mexico.

binotata Guer. Iconographie Regne Animal, 3, 450. LaSagra, pi. 19, fig. 9. Cuba.
brevis Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 407. Indiana,
bucephala Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 193. United States.
emargiuata Say, Long's Second Expedition, 2, p. 352. Missouri.
femorata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 188. United States,
flavitarsata Smith, ibid. 183. St. Vincent's,

frigida Smith, ibid. 193. North America,

interrupta Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 351. Missouri,
jugatoria Say, ibid. 352. ib.

lanuginosa Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 190. Florida.
latinianus Say, "Western Quarterly Rejiorter, vol. 2, p. 81. Arkansa.
melanophaea Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 1, p. 191. North America.
morio Smith, ibid. 189. United States.

parallela Sviith, ibid. 191. Georgia.

336 [January

Poeyi Gucr. IconogiapLie Eegne Animal, 3, '450. LaSngra, Cuba. t. 19, f. 10. Cnlja.
pollicaris Sai/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 406. Louisiana.
pruina Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 1!)0. United States.
pugnatus Sni/, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 408. Indiana,
scrobiculata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 191. Ohio,
vidua Smith, ibid. 102. Nova Scotia.

xylocopoides Smith, ibid. 189. United States.

ANTHIDIUM Fabr.
curvatum Smith, Britisli Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 215. Georgia,
dorsale St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 384. Georgia.

maculatum Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 21 (i. Mexico,
maculifrons Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2. p. 214. Mexico.
notatum Lntr. Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. 13, p. 48 & 231. Carolina,
perplexum Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 214. Georgia.

CHELOSTOMA Latr.
albifrons Kirbt/. Fauna Boreali-Aniericana, 4, ]■). 270. North America.
rugifrons Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, }>. 220. Georgia.

CERATINA Latr.

dupla Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, j). 397. Indiana,
eximia Smith. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 40. Panama.
Iseta Spin. Smith, ibid. 40. ib.

placida Smith, ibid. 41. ili.

punctulata Spin. Smith, ibid. 40. ib.

NOMADA Fabr.

americana Kirby, Fauna Boreali- Americana, 4, p. 2(39, pi. 6, fig. 3. North America,
annulata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 248. North America.
armata Sch. Smith, Annals of Natural History, 2nd series, 4, p. 4.'!S. N. Scotia.
articulata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 248. North America,
bisignata Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 354. United States.
fervida Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, ji. 247. Florida. Georgia,
imbricata Smith, ibid. 246. United States.

luteola St. Farg. Encyclopedic Methodique, 8, p. 365. Carolina,
miniata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 250. Georgia.
pulchella Smith, ibid. 246. United States.

punctata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 346. Canada,
rubicunda St. Farg. Encyclojiedie Methodique, 8, p. 365. Carolina,
sulphurata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 249. Georgia,
torrida Smith, ibid. 250. ib.

valida Smi/h, ibid. 246. Nova Scotia.

vincta Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 401. Indiana.

EPEOLUS Latr.

donatus Harris. Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 256. U. States,
fumipennis Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, p. 403. Mexico,
lunatus Say, Long's Second Expedition, vol. 2, p. 351. Missouri.

mercatus Fabr. Systema riczalonim. p. 389. Carolina.
4-fasciatus Say, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. 2, p. 82. Arkausu.
scutellaris Sa^/, Long's Second Ex])edition, 2, )>. .'?55. United States.
zonatus iSmith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 257. Florida.

C(ELIOXYS Latr.
abdominalis Gucr. Iconographie Regne Animal, 3, 4.53. LaSnf/rrr, i. 10, f. 11. Cuba.
alternata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 401 . Indiana.
dubitata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Ilyra. 2, p. 272. Florida.
funeraria Smith, ibid. 272. Canada.

modesta Smith, ibid. 271. United States.

8-dentata Say, Long's Second Expedition, 2, p. 353. United States.
rufipes Gucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 452, pi. 73, fig. 9. Cuba,
rufitarsus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 271. United States.

STELIS Panz.

foederalis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, j). 275. United States.
obesa Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 398. Indiana.

MESOCHEIRA St. Farg.
azurea St. Farg. Encyclopedic Methodique, 10. p. IOC. Gaudaloupe.

MELECTA Latr.
remigata Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 387. Carolina.

CHRYSANTHEDA Perty.
nitida Perty. Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 41. Panama.

ETJCERA Fabr.
maculata St. Farg. Ilymenopteres, 2, p. 129. North America.

MACROCERA Latr.
Americana *S7. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 92. Carolina,
bimaculata St. Farg. Encyclopedie Methodique, 10, p. 528. I'hiladelphia.
binotata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, p. 404. Indiana.
Cajennensis St. Farg, Hymenopteres, 2, 94. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. 2. West Indies.
Lanierii Guer. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 455, pi. 74, fig. 7. Cnba.
nigra St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 112. Pennsylvania,
obliqua Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 403. Indiana.
Pensylvanica St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, ji. 97. Pennsylvania.
PMladelphica <S7. J^rtr^r. ib. 110. iU.

pruinosa Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1. p. 405. United States.
rustica Say, ibid. 406. Indiana.

TETRALONIA Spin.

atrifrons Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 308. North Carolina,
fulviventris (S'wiYA, ibid. 308. Mexico?

338

[January

MELISSODES Latr.

atriventris Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 310.

denticulata Smith, ibid. 311.

dentiventris Smith, ibid. 312.

desponsa Smith, ibid. 310.

manipularis Smith, ibid. 312.

nigripes Smith, ibid. 311.

rufo-dentata Smith, ibid. 314.

senilis Smith, ibid. 311.

XENOGLOSSA Smith.

North America?
United States.
Georgia.
Ohio.
Georgia.
United States.
St. Vincent's.
Ohio.

fulva Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 315. Mexico.

ANTHOPHORA Latr.

abrupta Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 409. Indiana,
apicalis Crner. Iconographie due Eegne Animal, 3, p. 455 ; tab. 74, fig. 4. Cuba.
bomboides Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4, p. 271. North America.
Domingensis St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 32. St. Domingo.
Floridana Smith, British Museum Catalogue, 2, p. 339. Florida.
frontata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, 1, p. 409. Louisiana.
fuscipennis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 338. North America,
marginata Smith, ibid. 339. Mexico,

sponsa Smith, ibid. 339. United States.

taurea Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 410. Indiana.
tricolor St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 86. Gaudaloupe.

XYLOCOPA Latr.

caribea *S'^. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 202. Guadaloupe.

cubaecola Lucas. LaSagra, Histoire de I'ile de Cuba, p. 776, pi. 19, fig. 8. Cuba.

lateralis Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 413. Mexico.

micans St. Farg, Hymenopteres, 2, 208. Carolina.

tabaniformis Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 362. Mexico.

vidua St. Farg. Hymenopteres, 2, p. 210. Carolina.

TETRAPEDIA Klug.
atripes Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 366.

CENTRIS Fabr.

Mexico.

aterrima Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 378. Mexico.
Carolina Fahr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 357. Carolina,
fasciata Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 377. Jamaica.
Mexicana Smith, ibid. 378. Mexico.

poecila St. Farg. Hymenopteres. 2, 154. Havana.

EUL.EMA St. Farg.
Cajennensis St. Farg. Hym, 2, p. 14. ,S'w);7A, (Euglossa) Brit. Mus. Cat. 2. Honduras.

18G3.] 830

EUGLOSSA Latr.
analis Wesiw. Smith, Trans. Ent. London, ;ird scr. I. ]>. II. Panama,
smaragdina Oucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, S, 458. Bay of Canipcclic.

BOMBUS Latr.

arcticus Kirby, Parry's 1st Voyage, 1821, Ajjpend. p. ccxvi. Arctic America.

borealis Kirbi/. Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4, p. 272. North America.

Califomicus Svnith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 4()(i. California.

Carriei (ircenr. Annals of the New York Lyceum, 7. p. 170. Washington Territory.

carolinus Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. ^42. Carolina.

ephippiatus Sai/, Boston Journal Natural History, vol. 1, p. 414. Mexico.

frigidus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. ;399. Hudson's Bay.

Grcenlandicus Smith, ibid. 393. Greenland.

Huntii Greene, Annals of the New York Lyceum, 7, p. 172. Utah.

interruptns Greene, ibid. 11. Oregon.

Kirbiellus Curtis, Boss's 2nd Voyage, Append, p. Ixii, pi. A, fig. 2. Arctic America.

laboriosus Fabr. Systema Piezatorum, p. 352. North America.

melanopyge Xyl. Notis. ur Siillsk. pro Faun, et Flor. Fenn. Forh. 1, 236. Sitka.

occidentalis Greene, Annals of the New York Lyceum. 7, p. 170. Puget's Sound.

ornatus Smith. British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 398. North America.

pleuralis JS^l- Notis. ur Siillsk. pro Faun, et Flor. Fenn. Forh. 1, 231. Sitka.

Polaris Curtis, Boss's 2nd Voyage, Append, jj. Ixiii. Ai'ctio America.

praticola Kirby, Fauna Bareali-A.merieana, 4, p. 274. North America.

Sitkensis Nyl. Notis. \\v Siillsk. pro Faun, et Flor. Fenn. Forh. 1. p. 235. Sitka.

sonorus Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 413. Mexico.

Suckleyi Greeiie, Annals of the New York Lyceum, 7, p. 169. Puget's Sound.

sylvicola Kirby, Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4, p. 272. North America.

terricola Kirby, ibid. 273. pi. 6, fig. 4. North America.

ternarius Say. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 414. Indiana.

vagans Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 399. North America.

violaceus St. Furg. Hymenopteres, 1, p. 473. North America.

APATHUS Newm.
citrinus Smith, British Museum Catalogue, Hym. 2, p. 385. United States.
fraternus Smith, ibid. 385. North America.

MELIPONA Latr.

fasciata Latr. Magazin der Entomologie, 1, ]). 115. Vera Cruz, Mexico.

fulvipeda Gucr. Icon. Reg. An. 3, 461, pi. 75, fig. 5. Port/, (Trigona) Hist. Cuba, 142.

fulvipes Gucr. ibid. 462, j>l. 75. fig. 6. Cuba.

TRIGONA Jurine.

bilineata Say, Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 414. Mexico,
fulviventris Guer. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3, p. 464. Mexico,
laboriosa Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 42. Panama,
ligata Say, Boston .Journal of Natural History, vol. 1, p. 415. Mexico.
mellarius Smith, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 42. Panama,
mexicana Gucr. Iconographie due Regne Animal, 3. p. 464. Mexico.

:i4u [January

APIS Linn.

alpina i////». Syst. Nat. 2. 9()1. O.i^afir. Fauna Greenland ioa, p. 199. Greenlami.
amalthea Fair. Syst. Piez. ?.71. Sm. (Trigona) Tr. Ent. Soc. Lon. 3d ser. 1. 41. Pan.
americanorum Fahr. Ent. Syst. 2, .^>19. Smith, Brit. Mus. Catal. 2. North America,
annularis Druri/. Insect?, vol. 2, p. 71, ])1. 37, fig. 7. New York,
antiguensis Fahr. Entoniologia Systematica. 2. p. ."ilS. Antigua.
atrata Fnhr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. p. 275. North America.
Carolina LiDn. Systema Nature. 2. 9.')9. Carolina.

centuncularis Linn. Smith, (Megachile) Brit. Mus. Catal. 1. 149. North America,
cordata Linn. Smith, (Euglossa) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend, .'jrd ser. 1. p. 41. Panama.
Derhamella Kirby. Mon. Ap. Angl. 2. 3fi3. (Bombus) Faun. Bor. Am. 27-3. N.Am,
disjuncta Fahr. Ent. Syst. 2, 328. Kirbi/, (Anthophora) lUig. Mag. 5, 114. W. Ind.
elata Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. 2, p. 274. North America,
fervida Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. 2. p. 274. North America,
globosa Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 333. Kirbi/, (Megillia) Illig. Mag. 5. 142. West Indies,
griseocollis DeGeer, Mem. Ins. 3, p. 576, pi. 28, figs. 13 & 14. Pennsylvania,
grossa Druri/. Insects, vol. 1, 2^. 108, pi. 45, fig. 3. Jamaica.

haemorrhoidalis Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 339. Smith, (Centris) Brit. Mus. Cat. 2. St. Dom.
holosericea Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 33fi. Kirbij, (Anthophora) Illig. Mag. 5, 113. W. Ind.
hortorum Linn. Syst. Nat. 2. 960. Sm. (Bombus) Ent. Annual, 1857, 30. Brit. Am.
marylandica Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, Supjil. 2, p. 273. (N. Ainerica.)
mellifica Linn. Systema Naturae, 2, p. 955. (North America.)
mexicana Linn. Systema Naturse, 2, p. 953. (Mexico.)

nidulans Fabr. Entomologia Systematica, Suppl. 2, p. 274. North America,
noveboracensis For.9t. Nova? Species Insectorum, 1, -p. 93. North America.
Pensylvanica DeGeer, Mem. Ins. 3, 575, pi. 28, fig. 12. Pennsylvania,
quadridentata Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 958. Synith, (Coelioxys) B. M. C. 2. United States.
rubicundus Christ. Kirb. (Halictus) Fauna Boreali- Americana, 4, 267. N. America,
ruficornis Tjinn. Syst. Nat. 2, 958. Smith, (Nomada) B. M. C. 2, 238. North America,
rufipennis Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 335. St. Farg. (Megachile) Hymen. 2, 334. N. Amer.
sericea Forst. Nov.ie Species Insectorum, 1, p. 91. North America.
varians Rossi. Kirbi/. (Andrena) Fauna Boreali- Americana, 4, p. 268. N. America.
versicolor Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 340. St. Fare/. (Centris) Hym, 2, p. 154. Guadaloupe.
vespiformis Forst. Novse Species Insectorum, 1, p. 92. North America.
viridula Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 342. (Megilla) Syst. Piez. p. 333. North America.
virginica Fahr. Entomologia Systematica, 2, p. 318. Nortli America,
virginica Dran/. Insects, vol. 1, p. 96: tab. 43, fig. 1. Virginia.

is(;:5.] 841

ADDITIONS.

Fam. TENTHREDINIDiE.

TRICHIOSOMA Leach.
bicolor Harris. Norion, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 8, p. 150. Massacliusetta.

ZAB.S:A Leach.
inflata Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 8, p. 151. Connecticut.

SELANDRIA Leach.

flavipes Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 8, p. 222. Connecticut.

famipennis Norton, ibid. 222. ib.

inhabilis Norton. ibid. 220. Massachusetts.

rubi Harris. Norton, ibid. 221. Conn. Mass. Ohio,

rudis Norton, ibid. 221. Maine.

rufula Norto7i, ibid. 221. Connecticut.

tiliae Norton, ibid. 221. ib.

ALLANTUS Panz.
excavatus Norton. I'roc. Entom. Soo. Phila. 1, p. lV.^. Maryland.

MACROPHYA Dahlb.
pluricinctus Noi-tonrTvoc. Bost. Sou. Nat. Hist. 'J, p. 118. California.

TAXONUS Meg.

dubitatus Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 9, p. 119. Conu. Mass.

nigrisoma Norton, ibid. 119. Massachusetts.

unicinctus Norton, ibid. 119. Connecticut.

STRONGYLOGASTER Dahlb.
multicinctus Norton, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 14.). "Virginia.
multicolor Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 9, p. 120. Maryland.
unicus Norton, ibid. 120. New York.

TENTHREDO Liuu.
califoinicus Norton, Proc. Eutoiu. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 198. California.
14-punctatus Norton, ibid. Mo. Virginia,

nigro-fasciata I^sch. Entomographien. 1822, p. 96. Unalaschka, Russian America,
subcoerulea J^sch. ibid. 9(5. ib. ib.

semiluteus Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 9, 121. Conn. Penn.

DOSYTHEUS Leach.

abdominalis Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, s, p. ir)3. Maine.

Aprilis Norton, ibid. 152. Conn. Maine.

maculicoUis iV^orioH, ibi<L 15:?. New York,

similis Norton, ilii<l. 15.S. Conn. Maine.

Tejoniensis Norton, ibi'I. 15<. r;ilironii:i.

342 [January

EMPHYTUS Leach,

maculatus Norton, Proc. Bost. Sec. Nat. Hist. 8, 157. Connecticut,

testaceus Norton, ibid. 156. Pennsylvania,

varianus Norton, ibid. 156. Connecticut.

FENUSA Leach,
curtus Norton, Proc. Entom. See. Phila. 1, p. 199. Pennsylvania.

NEMATUS Leach.

bivittatus Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 8, p. 158. Massachusetts.
COmiger Norton, ibid. 159. Connecticut.

extensicornis Norton, ibid. 159. New Hampshire,

crassus Esch. Entomographien, 1822, p. 97. Unalaschka, Russian America.
longicornis Esch. ibid. 98. ib. ib.

luteotergum Norton, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 8, p. 161. Maine,
nigritus Norton, ibid. 160. Connecticut.

obscurus Norton, ibid. 161. Massachusetts.

proximatus Norton, ibid. 119. Massachusetts.

CE.5;SUS Leach,
lati tarsus Norton, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 199. Pennsylvania.

EUURA Newm.
orbitalis Norton, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 144. Conn. New York.

LYDA Fabr.

abdominalis Norton, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 199. Pennsylvania.
fasciata Norton ibid. 200. Pennsylvania.

semicinctus Norton, ibid. 144. Virginia.

XYELA Dalm.
tricolor Norton, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1. p. 144. Kansas.

Fam. UROl^ERID.E.

XIPHYDRIA Latr.
attenuatus Norton, Proc. Entom. Soc. Phila. 1. p. 144. Pennsylvania.

Fam. CYNIPID.^.

CYNIPS Linn.

lignicola Ostew/Sac^-ew, (Synergus?) Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. I, p. 232. Washington.
pezomachoides OstenSacken, ibid. 250. Baltimore,

quercus coccineae Osten Sacken, ibid. 24i!. Washington.

1808.] 343

quercus cornigera Ostcn Sackxn, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila. 1, p. 251. Washington, D. C.

quercus inanis Osten Sacken, ibid. 242. ib.

quercus juglans Osten Sacken, ibid. 255. ib.

quercus operator Osten Sacken. ibid. 257. ib.

quercus spongifica Osten Sacken, ibid. 244. ib.

quercus strobilana OstenSacken, ibid. 254. ib.

Fam. EVANIID.E.

LEPTOFCENUS Smith.
peleciniformis Smith, Traus. Eut. Soc. Loudon, 3rd ser. 1, p. 4:5. Panama.

MEGISCHTJS Brulle.
niger Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 44. Panama.

Fam. ICHNEUMONID^.

PEZOMACHUS Gr.

minimus Walsh, Insects injurious to Vegetation in Illinois, p. 36, figs. 6 & 7.
Thripites Taylor, American Agriculturist, New York, October, 1860, p. 300, fig. 3.

AMITTJS Hald.

aleurodinus Hald. Silliman's American Journal of Science, 2nd ser. 9, 110. Penn.
corui Hald. ibid. 109. Penn.

ERETMOCERTJS Hald.
corni Hald. Silliman's American Journal of Science, 2nd ser. 9, p. 111. Penn.

MICROGASTER Latr.
Oleracea Taylor, American Agriculturist, New York, October, 1860, p. 301, fig. 5.

Fam. CHALCIDID^.

SMIERA Spinola.
transitiva Walker, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 371. Florida.

CHALCIS Fabr.

comitator Walker, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 3rd ser. 1, p. 350. Mexico.
pendator Walker, ibid. 351. St. Domingo,

restituta Walker, ibid. 351. Jamaica.

PERILAMPUS Latr.
gloriosus Walker, Trans. Entom. Soc. Loudon, 3rd ser. 1, p. 375. Mexico.

344 [January

Fam. CHKYSID.E.

HOLOPYGA Dahlb.
Dohrni Dahlb. Hymeuoptera Europsea, 2, p. 48, pi. 3, fig. 56. Kew York. Cuba.

HEDYCHRUM Latr.
Duponti Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europaea, p. 83. Mexico.
Zimmermaniii Dahlb. ib. 61. New Jersey.

CHRYSIS Linn.

hilaris Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europrea, 2, p. 103. New York.

insequidens Dahlb. ib. 334. ib.

parvula Dahlb. ib. 191, pi. 10, fig. 106. S. Carolina. Mex.

violacea Dahlb. ib. .'^16. North America.

Fam. CRABROxXlD.E.

OXYBELUS Latr.
uniglumis Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, p. 273. Carolina.

TRYPOXYLON Latr.
fugax Fair. Syst. Piez. p. 182. Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, p, 509. Mexico.

CRABRO Fabr.
impressifrons Smith. British. Museum Catalogue, Hym. 4, p. 417. Pennsylvania.

CERCERIS Latr.
cincta King. Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, p. 204. North America.

ANTHOPHILUS Dahlb.
gibbosus Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europtea, 1, p. 192. Carolina.

Fam. LARKLBJE.

TACHYTES Panz.
znurina Dahlb. Hymenoptera Europsea, 1, p. 132. North America.

1868.] 345

Additions to the Catalogue of U. S. LEPIDOPTERA, No. 2.
BY AUG. R. GROTE.

Fam. LITIIOSIID.1^1

Gon. CROCOTA Hilbn.
C. opella nov. sp.

Anterior wings entire, oblong, straight along the exterior and internal
margins, apex rounded, brownish-tawny, somewhat reddish along the costa
and without distinct markings. Posterior wings reddish with discal spot
and shaded with brownish. Under surface of wings bright reddish with-
oiit markings. Legs brownish. Thorax same color as anterior wings.
Antennge darker than thorax. Palpi reddish. Abdomen lighter brown
than thorax; paler underneath. Exp. one and three-sixteenth inches.

A female. Hah. Pennsylvania. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Phila.)

Fam. DREPANULID^.
Gen. DEYOPTERIS Grote.
Antennae bi-pectinated in the male with short and thick set branches
simple, or nearly so, in the female. Palpi short. Wings broad; superior
pair obtusely falcate with the exterior border convex near the middle;
third inferior vein twice or thrice further from the fourth than from the
second. Legs pilose. Abdomen shorter than the Inferior wings.

I have enlarged the diagnosis of this genus since its first publication
in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and think I
have rendered its characters more appreciable.

The species included under it differ from those under Platyiiterix Lasp.
by their obtusely falcate superior wings which are nearly straight along
the costa and convex near the middle of the exterior border; by their
bright colors, somewhat stouter bodies and legs, the latter densely clothed
with hairs, while in Platypterix Lasp., the legs are slender and naked.
The type of this Genus is D. rosea Walker, C. B. M. VIII (see Plate 3,
fig. 1 9 ) and the synonyms to be observed of that species are Cilix avieri-
cana II. S. Lep. Exot. p. 60, fig. 470, and Flati/pterix formula Grote,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, p. 60.

D. marginata Walker belongs to this genus.

846 [January

Geu. PLATYPTERIX Lasp.
Autenuae bi-pectiuate iu the male simjile or nearly so in the female.
Palpi short. Body slender; abdomen shorter than the inferior wings.
Wings broad, falcate, convex along the costa, undulating along the exter-
ior border J third inferior vein not further from the fourth than from the
second. Legs slender and bare.

fahula Grote, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, p. 59 (see Plate 3,

fig.2,S).
I have seen only the male of this species which is apparently rare. It
is readily distinguishable from the following by the ground color and dis-
position of the bands on the superior wings.

genicula Grrote, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, p. 59 (see Plate

3,fig. 3,S).
I have seen the female of this species in the collection of Mr, Edward
L. Graef, Brooklyn, L. I., and it difi'ers, to the best of my recollection, by
merely the usual sexual differences.

Fam. REMICtTD^.

Gen. PANOPODA Gn.
P. Cressonii nov. sp. (See Plate -3. fig. 4.)

Superior wings reddish-grey with two transverse red bands bordered by
a yellow line. Median shade brown crossing the lower end of the reni-
form spot which it tinges red. Reniform spot yellow clearly defined on
the side nearest the base of the wing by a dark line, orbicular spot black
reduced to a small dot. Terminal space with a row of whitish spots mar-
gined with black, two near the centre surrounded by a brownish shade.
Costa lieht, collar and head dark, red. Inferior win2;s same color as su-
perior lighter towards the base and upper margin with a band running
from the anal angle about two-thirds across the wing of the same colors as,
and apparently a continuation of, the outer band on the superior wings.
Under surface of the wings grey powdered with red showing plainly a
band and discal spots on both superior and inferior pair.
A male. Ilab. Maryland. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Phila.)

Differs from P. rubricosta Gn., by the color and shape of the reniform
mark, and from P. rufimarr/o Hiibn,, by the strongly marked median
shade band on the anterior wings.

1863.] 347

I have dedicated this apparently undeseribod species to Mr. R. T. Cres-
j:nn iif IMiiladelpliia.

Fam. IIELIOTHID.^ CJn.
Gen. HELIOTHIS Ochs.

11. orniif/''ro L. U. S. and i]uY.= mnlrosvs Gt. Proc. Entom. Soc.
Philad. 18G2, p. 219.

Since describing the <ibove I received from this Society a case of Het-
erocera to determine and found several individuals of this species among
them, which approach more nearly to the European II. m-nu'gera and make
it probable that this is the species regarded by Guenee as identical with
the latter.

The discovery of the larva might prove our species distinct from the
European, but judging from a series of perfect individuals it must be re-
garded as identical. The specimen from which I made the description
presented differences which, when compared with a European specimen.
I regarded as specific ; with a larger series of individuals before me I am
inclined to regard them as constituting a mere variety. This species
should be catalogued as above. It is not enumerated in Morris's Cata-
logue published by the Smithsonian Institution.

Fam. ACIDALID^ Gn.

Gen. ACIDALIA Tr.
A. persimilata nov. sp. (See Plate 3, fig. 5.*)

( ! reyish-green spotted with white with a wavy white line crossing both
superior and inferior wings near the outer margin lined with a darker
shade and crossing on the anterior wings a row of blackish dots. There
is a row of minute white dots in the terminal spaces, a median shade line
running through both wings and the faint traces of another near the
base of the wings. Thorax and abdomen same color as wings. Anten-
nae white on their upper surface. Under surface of body and wings
white inclining to greyish near the costa, with the terminal line faintly
visible on both wings. Exp. | inch.

A female, taken in Erie County, New York. (Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.)

» The figure is indifTerent. and gives but a general idea of the insect.

348 [February

STATED MEETINa, February 9.
President Bland in the Chair.
Fifteen members present.

REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.

The Committees on the papers of Messrs. Bland, Norton, Osten Sacken
and Couper, read January 12th, reported in favor of their publication in
the Proceedings of the Society.

DONATIONS TO LIBRARY.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. 9,pajes
113 to 160. From the Society.

Prairie Farmer {Chicago, 111.), A^os. 1 to 6 of Vol. 11. Frosn the
Editors.

Silliman's American Journal of Science and A7-ts, 1818 — 1862. 81
Vols. 8vo. Presented by William S. Wilson, on condition that they may
not be loaned from the Hall of the Society.

The following works were deposited by Dr. T. B. Wilson: —

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1830 — 1861. 31
Vols. 8vo.

Illustrations of British Entomology. By J. S. Stephens. 12 Vols. 8vo.

3Iemoires 2^our servir a V Histoire des Insectes. Par Charles DeGeer.
7 Tomes in 8 Vols. 4to.

Afheeldingen en Beschryvingen der Wantzen. Door Caspar StolV . 1
Vol. 4to.

Afheeldingen en Beschryvingen der Cicaden. Door Caspar StolV. 1
Vol. 4to.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONS.

Letters were read

From William S. Wilson, Esq., dated Philada. Jan. 28th, 1863, acknow-
ledging his election to Resident Membership in the Society, and transmit-
ting donations to the Library.

From Messrs. Edward L. Graef, dated Brooklyn, Jan. 17th, 1863; M.
Miles, dated Lansing, Mich., Jan. 23rd, 1863, and George D. Smith, dated

1868.] 349

Boston, Jan. 2Gth, 18G3, severally acknoNvleilging their election to Corres-
ponding Membership in the Society.

A communication was read from Bonj. !.). Walsh, Esq., dated Rock
Island, TIL, Jan. 19th, 1863, submitting the following observations on
Papilio glaucus and Papilio turnus: —

" That Turnus and Glaucus are identical, seems to be proved by two facts,
the one positive, the other negative. First ^ I am informed by Mr. Ed-
wards that Mr. Newman and Mr. Wood of Philadelphia both say they
have raised the black 9 , together with several shades of color between
yellow and black, from the same laying of eggs. Si'roiuJ, nobody ever
saw a % Glaucus. — Mr. Edwards indeed once informed me that he
knew of such a specimen, but it proved subsequently, on a closer examin-
ation by him, to be a 9 . Now .Glaucus is so common in southern lati-
tudes, that if it were a true species, not a mere sexual distinction, some-
body or other ynust have met with the % , particularly as in Papilio the
males are generally three or four times as numerous as the females.

There is another phenomenon connected with this species of Papilio,
which has never, I believe, been hitherto elucidated. In New York and
the New England States, as I learn from Mr. Edwards, the 9 of Turnus is
always yellow. " He never" he says "saw a black 9 himself, or knew of
one being taken by any of his correspondents in that region, though he
has often taken the yellow 9 . But from Philadelphia south there are
many black ones." In the summer of 1861, when I was myself entomol-
ogiziug in the extreme southern point of Illinois, I captured in one clover
field between 70 and 80 specimens of Turnus, with the express object of
investigating this question of the sexes. Every single yellow one was a
% , and every single black one a 9 , the former being to the latter about
as 4 or 5 to 1. There was indeed a single black one which from the
shape of the abdomen I thought at first might be a S , but on squeezing
out the contents of the abdomen, eggs made their appearance, and eifectu-
ally demolished the supposition. On the other hand, in Ptock Island,
which lies in about 41° 30', both black and yellow 9 9 occur, but the black
form is 5 or 6 times as numerous as the yellow, judging from the careful
observation of five years. The point in southern Illinois just referred to
was in the same latitude as Richmond, Virginia.

On these data, which however require to be confirmed by additional obser-
vations, I incline to the opinion that south of about 38° in the Valley of

ooO [February

the Mississippi, and perhaps about 36° on the Atlantic seaboard, the 9
Turn us is black ; that north of about 41° on the Atlantic seaboard, and
perhaps about 43° in the Valley of the 3Iississippi, the 9 Tunius is i/el'ow ;
and that in the intervening- district black and yellow females are intermin-
gled in varied proportions. Br, Fitch long ago remarked that southern
forms reach much higher latitudes in the Valley of the Mississi{)pi than
they do on the Atlantic coast and my own experience has led me to be-
lieve that the difference amounts to at least two decrees of latitude.

Be this as it may, the fact is certain, that in some districts in the Uni-
ted States, the 9 Turnus is almost universally yellow, in others almost
universally black. If the question of normality is to be decided only by
the relative numbers of black and of yellow 9 9 , a Junj of Entomologists
would bring in one verdict at Cairo, and another at Boston; and at Phila-
delphia they would probably bring in no verdict at all. Numbers, there-
fore, cannot be a safe or a philosophical criterion on this point.

We have a somewhat similar case, in the closely allied family Pieridae,
with the genus Co/ias. There are three species of this genus described by
my friend Mr. Scudder as occurring in boreal America, the S of which
is yellow and the 9 white.* On this account they are placed by that
writer in a section by themselves. But, as he himself adds, there are also
two kinds of 9 9 of the common C.pMlodice, one yellow, the other whit-
ish, but always either of one tint or the other with no intermediate grada-
tions, the white 9 being of great rarity. On account of this rarity of the
Vt^hite 9 ) i^Mlodice is placed by him in a section where the two sexes are
of the same color. At Rock Island C. pliilodice is very common and 0.
turytliemc Boisd. {C.ampMdu^a Boisd.) is also quite common, and in one
particular year white 9 9 belonging to one or the other of these two spe-
cies were very common, though generally they are rather scarce. Hence
if the question of rarity is to govern the question of normality, it would seem
to follow that at Rock Island in A. D. 1859 the normal 9 of a non-boreal
species of Collas was white, and in other years yellow, which is absurd.

If intermediate grades occurred between the black and the yellow 9
Turnus in a State of Natvire, which so far as my experience goes is not the
case, (though, if Mr. Newman and Mr. Wood are correctly reported, they
bred intermediate specimens,) we might call this phenomenon a mere
variety. If, again, it occurred in both sexes, we might call it, as Mr. Scudder
has done, in the case of C. philodice albinism; and in the case of /-*. Tur-

Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, September 1862, p. 104

i8Ga.]

aoi

iiu!> iiiolanism. l>iit tlu- phcnoiHciui iu (|uestiou seem to be confined to the
9 sex; and albino rabbits, all)ino mice and albino human beings occur in-
discriminately of fjofh sexes.

It seems to me more philo>;oi)hical, in all such cases as these, to consider
the 9 form which departs from the S type to be the normal one, no matter
whether it be rare or common, and the 9 form which approximates to the %
type to be au example of what some authors have called gyuandromorph-
ism; i. e. where the 9 assumes or affects % peculiarities, as when the com-
mon domestic hen assumes the % plumage and crows like a cock, and when
very aged women, or iu the case of the " Bearded Lady", quite a young-
woman, acquire the beard and the voice of a man.

In this country, so far as I am aware, the 9 of all our Djtisci has the
elytra always either smooth or sulcate in one and the same species. In
Europe, on the contrary, no less than six species are enumerated by Dr.
Erichson, where the females sometimes have their elytra smooth, or simi-
lar to the males sometimes sulcate {D. marginnlh L., roii/ormis Kunze,
circumcinctus Ahr., duhius Gryll., lopponkus Payk., and septeutrionalw
Gyll.). And it is added that '• iu the neighborhood of Berlin both kinds
of females of D. circtmirinrfio; are found promiscuously, elsewhere one or
the other variety is occasionally wanting. Thus in the lakes near Magde-
burg, amongst many thousands of D. circumcinrfKs, not a single female
with sulcate elytra could be found".* Could there be a stronger analogy
with 9 Turuus, Avhich, as I have shewn, is yellow iu some districts of
country, black in others, and iu others again black and yellow promis-
cuously ? If an inhabitant of New England says that the normal female
of Turnus is yellow, au inhabitant of Magdeburg would be equally enti-
tled to say that the normal female of Di/tiscv:'. rircumcinctus has smooth,
and not sulcate, elj^tra.

The fact of Mr. Ridings having in 1832 taken a 9 Glaurn^ in coitu
with a % Trirnm is not, though a very strong proof, absolutely conclusive
as to their identity. M. Audouin has observed that allied species of Coc-
clnella copulate, producing sterile eggs y\ and I have myself seen in my
collecting bottle, which holds a pint and which I always fill with dry
leaves, a % Chilororis invulnerua Muls.. copulate distinctly with a 9 Ooc-
cinelhi aMominalis Say.

* Quoted in Westwood's Introduction. I, p. 104.
t Quoted in Westwood'? Introduction, I. p. 39f>.

352 [February

lu the year 1862 I bred a JjJack 9 Tunms from a larva found near Rock
Island on the wild cherry in 1861, which was pea-green, and correspond-
ed accurately with another larva taken by me in Southern Illinois, on sas-
safras, the description of which I annex. This fact, I think, disposes of
Mr. StauflFer's theory of the larvas of the two insects being distinct, that
of Glancns brown, that of Tui'nus green. The larva from South Illinois
died in the pupa state.

Length 2J inch. Diameter of the third segment .4 inch; of abdominal segments
I inch. Color opaque velvety grass-green, lighter on the sides with a bluish tint,
verging to white beneath. Head bluish, lighter in front. The nuchal fork behind
the head one-sixteenth of an inch long when contracted, fuscous, its base yellow-
ish, its prongs which are sharp black. The first and second segments of the body
narrowed, the third and fourth broadest, thence tapering a little to the tail. The
first segment yellowish behind the head. On the humerus of the third segment
an irregularly oval yellow spot .1 long, bordered by a narrow black line, and with
a black figure "10" in its centre, the 1 of the 10 inside. A pale narrow yellow
band above at the back of the fourth segment, followed by a still narrower black
band. On the middle of segments 4 — 11 four transverse equidistant blue dots, con-
spicuous on 4, fainter on 10 and 11. Inside of each humeral yellow spot or figure
of 10 one blue dot, on segment 4 an appearance of two additional lateral dots
above the spiracle. Anal segment light bluish-green. Legs immaculate, greenish
white.

I have on four or five occasions found upon apple-trees young papilion-
ide larvie, 2 inch long, brown before and behind and white on their cen-
tral segments, which, although I was unable to breed them, I suppose
to be the immature form of the larva of Tu7-nus, since that larva, as is
stated by Dr. Fitch, sometimes occurs on the apple. IMay it not be pos-
sible that the larvae described by Mr. StaufFer were in an intermediate
state between this very young form and the full grown larva, which in the
six or seven specimens that I have at various times met with was always
grass-green ?

I observe that Mr. Ridings says that "he has taken female (Tarni) of
all shades from a deep black to a dark yellow." I suppose I have taken
over 50 black females of Tuduis altogether, when unrubbed and new,
they are always black; when weather-worn and old, they assume a palev
and dingier hue, and the tiger stripes become plainer; but in no instance
was there any approximation to yellow. The yellow female is, with us, a
shade and only a shade darker than the male."

The following papers were presented for publication in the Proceedings:
"American Micro-lepidoptera, by Brackeuridge Clemens, M. D."

1863.] 353

"Descriptions of certain species of Diurnal Lcpidoptera, louiul within
the limits of the United States and British America, No. 1, by W. II.
Edwards."

And were referred to Committees.

NEW BUSINESS.

The thanks of the Society were unanimously voted to William S. Wil-
son, Esq., for his kindness and liberality in presenting the Society with
a complete set of Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts, from
the commencement to January, 1863.

ELECTIONS.

Mr. James H. Ridings, of Philadelphia, was elected a Jicsidenf Mem-
ber, and Messrs. Isaac C. Martindale, of Byberry, Pa., Homer F. Bassett,
of Waterbury, Conn., and Samuel Auxer, of Lancaster, Pa., were elected
Corresponding Member's of the Society.

Descriptions of a few supposed new species of North American COLEOPTERA.

BY JAMES H. B. BLAND.

Cychrus Ridingsii n. sp.

Cupreous; head black; thorax smooth, heart shaped, narrowed posteri-
orly; elytra oblong, convex, striated, regularly punctured.

FI(tb. Virginia. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Phila.)

9 . Head black, shining, four basal joints of the antennae black; termi-
nal joint of palpi elongate; mouth dark rufous. Thorax smooth, shining,
heart shaped, suddenly constricted posteriorly; a deep longitudinal sulcus
on the dorsal surface, a few impressions near the lateral margin which is
slightly elevated, posterior margin deeply impressed and slightly punctured.
Elytra oblong, convex, regularly striated, neatly punctured, the striae near
the suture continues to the tip. Epipleuroc dark blue, beneath black, legs
piceous. Length 7 lines.

This pretty little species was collected in Hampshire Co., Virginia, and

354 [February

presented by Mr. James Ridings, to whom I dedicate it. It has somewhat
the appearance of being a very small specimen of C. Andrewsii Harris,
but ou comparison the differences are very apparent; the great diversity
in size, the smooth thorax, and the strise of the elytra continuing regular
to almost the tip, are characters readily observed. The punctures on the
thorax of Andrevjsii cover a considerable portion of the surface, which is
also transversely rugose. The thorax of the species above described is
not at all rugose, and only a few scattered punctures are visible about the
posterior margin; the sides of the thorax are more angulated and more sud-
denly constricted posteriorly than in Andreicsii ; the lateral margin of the
elytra is regularly and broadly rounded and not flattened or straightened
as in the latter species.

Cyclocephala lurida n. sp.

Yellowish-brown, punctured; head black; elytra mottled with brown.

Hah. Texas. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Phila.)

Body yellowish-brown, punctured. Head black, coarsely punctured be-
tween the eyes, smooth on the vertex and basal margin^ clypeus dark ru-
fous, roughly and densely punctured. Thorax deeply and sparsely punc-
tured, with a smooth dorsal line which divides a large dusky mark on the
dorsal surfice; a small, brown, shallow impression on either side before
the middle. Scutellum yellowish margined with black, sparsely punctur-
ed. Elytra irregularly mottled with brown, somewhat sparsely punctured;
humeri prominent; sides deeply impressed near the humeri; suture black.
Beneath minutely and closely punctured and clothed with erect yellowish
hairs. Legs yellowish-bj'own, punctured; femora slightly tipped with
black; tibial spurs black; tarsi brown. Length 7 lines.

Four specimens from Western Texas, presented by Dr. Geo. H. Horn.
The punctures on each elytron are so arranged as to form apparently three
smooth, irregular, longitudinal lines, each line being bounded on either
side by a regular row of punctures; otherwise the punctures are irregu-
larly scattered over the surface. The clypeus is shaped as in immacidata.
But the form of the body is more robust than that of the latter species.

CORYMBITES FULVIPES n. sp.

Black, clothed with a short whitish pubescence; legs bright fulvous.

Hah- Virginia. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Phila.)

Body very elongate, black, shining and clothed with a short whitish

1863.] ' 355

pubescence. Antennae deep black, opaque, half the length of the body,
compressed and strongly serrate; 3rd to 10th joints about equal in length,
terminal joint longest and suddenly constricted at its apex. Head and
thorax densely and profoundly punctured, the latter almost half the length
of the elytra, with a deep longitudinal sulcus on the disk not quite reach-
ing the anterior margin; sides almost straight, slightly wider in front; an-
terior angles slightly rounded, posterior angles very long, divergent and
distinctly carinated with their apex truncate; posterior margin strongly
impressed on either side. Elytra gradually attenuated behind the middle;
strige well impressed, apparently impunctured; interstices minutely punc-
tured. Beneath, the abdomen and postpectus are shining and minutely
punctured; the disk of the thorax is shining, deeply and somewhat sparse-
ly punctured, and the sides are subopaque and very densely and conflu-
ently punctured. Legs bright fulvous, tarsi dusky. Length 7 lines.

Collected in Hampshire County, Virginia, and presented by E. T. Cres-
son. The antennae have the appearance of being 12-jointed in conse-
quence of the singular constriction of the apex of the terminal joint.

CORYMBITES NeBRASKENSIS n. sp.

Head, thorax, scutellum, and body beneath black ; elytra reddish yel-
low.

Hah. Nebraska. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Philada.)

Body black, shining. Head densely punctured, piceous. Antennae light
brown varied with dark brown, 3rd joint subcylindrical, 4th and following
joints sen-ate, terminal joint attenuated. Thorax short, not longer than
wide, deep black, shining; sides broadly rounded; posterior angles short,
acute and slightly divergent, and apparently not carinated; basal margin
somewhat deeply impressed on either side, and sparsely clothed with yel-
lowish pubescence (which may, in fresh specimens, cover the whole sur-
face of the thorax). Scutellum black, with a shallow depression on the
disk. Elytra reddish-yellow, deeply impressed around the scutellum ; base
not wider than the thorax; sides distinctly impressed above the middle,
then gradually dilating to the posterior third and then rounded to the apex;
dorsal surface flattened, sides deflexed with the margin prominent and
slightly reflexed; strife punctured, deeply impressed at the base of the
elytra but not quite reaching the extreme basal margin, less deejily impres-
sed towards the apex where they become almost obsolete; interstices flat
and very minutely punctured. Body beneath shining black, minutely
punctured. Legs light brown, thighs darker. liCngth -1^ lines.

356 [February

Collected near Fort Benton, on the upper Missouri, by Mr. John Pear-
Ball, and presented by him to the Society.

Cymatodera puncticollis n. sp.

Body yellowish ; thorax with a small black puncture on the disk ; elytra
with two transverse blackish bands.

Hah. Texas. (Coll. Entom. Soe. Phila.)

Body yellowish, thickly clothed with yellow hairs. Head shining; man-
dibles tipped with black. Antennae IT-jointed, 2nd, 3rd and 4th joints
about equal. Thorax shining, very minutely punctured, suddenly con-
stricted at the posterior third and enlarging again at the base; a small,
black, shining puncture on the disk. Elytra yellowish, deeply punctured
in regular rows apparently without impressed striae ; a narrow, indistinct,
blackish, transverse band near the base, extending from the suture to near
the lateral margin; at the posterior third a broad, blackish, distinct, trans-
verse band, also extending from the sutui'e to near the lateral margin.
Body beneath yellowish, clothed with yellowish hairs. Legs very minute-
ly punctured, Length 2 lines.

This pretty little species was collected in Western Texas by Mr. E. T.
Cresson, and presented by him to the Society. The antennas, head and
thorax are somewhat darker in color than the remainder of the body.

Orthopleura texana n. sp.

Dark piceous, shining, densely punctured, clothed with rather short
golden-yellow hairs.

Ilah. Texas. (Coll. Entom. Soc. Phila.)

Body dark piceous, thickly clothed with golden-yellow hairs. Head
closely and coarsely punctured; eyes very large and coarsely granulated;
palpi dark brown; three terminal joints of the antennas black, remaining
joints dark rufous and furnished with yellowish setae. Thorax densely
punctured, with the hairs short and erect. Elytra closely and deeply punc-
tured, depressed at the base between the humeri and scutellum; the hairs
on the surface are prostrate. Beneath dark piceous, subsericeous, minute-
ly punctured. Legs piceous, clothed with rather long light colored hairs.
Length (3 lines.

Three specimens from Western Texas, presented by Dr. Horn and E.
T. Cresson.

1868.]

357

Catalogue of our species of OPHION, ANOMALON, PANISCUS and CAMPOPLEX.

IJY EDWARD NORTON.

The synopsis of geneva here adopted is that proposed by Dr. Ilolmgreu.
The genera rcniaiuing undescribed are more numerous and contain many
small species, which require a large collection of specimens to do them
justice. Several species which seem to approach the genus Ahsyrtus are
omitted for further examination.

Where not otherwise mentioned, the terebra is not longer than the width
of the apical segment.

Arrangement of genera. OPHIONIDiE,

Section I. First mhmarginal icing cell receiving two recurrent nervures.

A. Antennx on outer side incrassate, subclnviform.

B. Antcnnce filifo7'm or setaceous, not incrassate toward the apex.
OPHION Fab.

THYEEODON Brulle.

Section II. First submarginal icing cell receiving one recurrent discoidal
nervure.
Pivisinn I. Abdomen pciiolate.

Phalanx I. Marginal wing cell commonly lanceolate, areolate angle obtuse.
Sub-division I. Posterior femora simple, unarmed.

A. Mctathora.r with oval or oblong .S2>iracle {in Absyrtiis subrotund).

a. Nails of the tai-si simj)lc, not pectinate.

f . Mandibles with two very unequal teeth at the apex. Recurrent discoi-
dal nervure received in middle of first submarginal wing cell.
*). First article of posterior tarsi about twice as long as the second.
EXOCHILUM Wesm. Apical margin of elypeus truncate.

viKS). First article of po.sterior tarsi four times as long as .second.
HETEEOPELMA "Wesm. Apical margin of clypeus broadly rounded.

tt- Apex of clypeus in the middle acute angled or pointed. Apex of man-
dibles with two subequal teeth. Recurrent discoidal nervure received
before the middle of submarginal wing cell.
ANOMALON Grav. Eyes naked.

b. Nails of tarsi pectinate.

*. Scutellum somewhat convex, rounded at apex. Areolet of the wings
present.
a. Spiracle of first .segtnent of abdomen .situated before the middle.
PANISCUS Grav.

ABSYRTUS Holm. Head scarcely buccate. Scape of antennae very obtusely
cut ofi". Metathorax with subrotund spiracle.
/?. Spiracle of first segment of abdomen situated between middle and apex.
CAMPOPLEX Grav.

*-*•. Scutellum depressed, .subquadrate. Areolet of vxings toanting.

Charops Holm.
B. Tlio. remaining genera iiof. ycf, examined.

358 [Fekruaky

OPHION Fab.

Abdomen compressed, petiolate; segment narrow, spiracle situated behind the
middle, terebra short. Wings without areolet; feet slender, nails of tarsi pectinate.
A. First auhynarginal cell including membranaceous spots.
a. With two spots.

1. Option purgatus.

Ophion purgatus Say, Bost. Jour. 1, 239. 9 % . Emmons, N. H. N. Y. Ag. V, 197.
Ophion lateralis St Farg. Hym. IV, 141.

New England, N. Y., Pa., Car.(St. Farg.), Fla., Ind.CSay.), 111.

2. Ophion cubensis, n. spec. 9 Length 0.68. Br. wings, 1.04 inch.

Color yellow rufous, with yellow spots, and apex of abdomen rufous. Anten-
nse slender, toward the end blackish. Head yellow, a spot within ocelli and a
short longitudinal line below antennas piceous; eyes more contracted below than
in Ophion purgatus; the mesothorax, except the edges and two pale longitudinal
lines, all the incisures of the thorax, the pectus and the three apical segments of
the abdomen piceous; several spots on pleura, metathorax and the third and fourth
segments of abdomen yellow; inner spines of tibise much stronger than exterior;
wings hyaline; stigma and costa to tip of wings yellow; inner marginal nervure
enlarged from stigma to recurrent nervure; the bulla on second submarginal cross
nervure small and slightly removed from end of nervure; inner spot in submargi-
nal cell triangular, incurved outwardly, opposite to which is the second smaller
crescent-shaped spot.

Cuba.

Three specimens examined. (Collection of Baron Osten Sackeu.)

b. With one spot.

3. Ophion glabratus.

Ophion glabratus Say, Bost. Jour. 1, 239. Emmons, N. H. N. Y. Ag. V, 196.

Indiana (Say).
Not seen.

B. First siihmarffinal cell including no niembraneoua spots.

•■■). Inner radial wing nerve straightly or evenly curved.

4. Ophion bilineatus.

Ophion bilineatus Say, Macl. Lye. p. 75. Bost. Jour. 1, 248. 9 % •
N. England, N. Y., Md., la. (Say), L. Sup., L. Winnepeg (Camb. Mu.s.).

5. Ophion bifoveolatus.

Ophion bifoveolatus BruUe, Hym. IV, 139. 9 % .

N. Y., Md., 111., Red River, Ark. (Smith. Inst.).

The description of this will apply as well in some cases to the hilineatus
of Say. But the following points of difference may be noted. The an-
tennae not quite as long, eyes smaller and more widely separated, cheeks
and back of head much more prominent. The carina crosses the meta-
thorax of bilineatus transversely in an unbroken curve, while in this it
forms quite a crescent shaped curve in the middle and is sometimes indis-

18G3.] 359

tinct or entirely wautiug. The colors of the body vary, being sonietimea
pitchy brown with the thoracic lines indistinct, while sometimes they are
almost white and much more distinct than in any specimens of hilineatus,
and the body varied with yellow spots. The costal nerves are very black,
with no yellow except within the stigma. This is not so common as hi-
lineatus.

••'*). Inner radial wing nerve incrassate toward the stigma and recurved.
e. OpMon macrurum.

Jchneumon macrurum Linn. Mant. 540.

Ophion macrurum Drury, Ex. Ent. I, 92, pi. 43, 5. Emmons, N. H. N. Y. Ag. V.

p. 196, pi. 27, fig. 5.
Ophion cecropia Harris, Catalogue.
Ophion rugosus Brulle, Hym. IV, 138.
N. England, N. Y., Pa., 111., N. Orleans.

Parasite on Attacus Cecropia and Polyjiliemxis. The largest specimens
are about 1.40 inch in length and 2.24 inches in br. wings. They vary
much in size and somewhat in form of large submarginal cell, in the upper
part of which all have a large very clear space.

THYREODON Brulle.

Clypeus enlarged and advanced in the middle in form of a tooth; mandibles wide;
second article of maxillary palpi enlarged; metathorax rounded at summit.

7. Thyreodon morio.

Ichneumon morio Fab. Ent. Syst. II, 180, 194(1775). Spec. Ins. I, 436 (1781). Mant.

•Ins. I, 269 (17S7). Ent. Syst. Sup. 237. 8 (1792). Oliv. Encyc.

Meth. Ins. 7, 196, 161 (1792).
Ophion morio Fab. Syst. Piez. 132, 9 (1804).
Ophion atricolor Oliv. Encyc. Meth. Ins. 8, 511 (1811).
Thyreodon morio Brulle, Hym. IV, 152(1846).

N. Eng., N. Y., Pa., Ill, Car. (St. Farg.), Am. Merid. (Fab.).

The apical joints of the antennas are black.

Fabricius in his last notice of this insect (1804) calls it an Ophion.
Olivier in 1811 seems to overlook his former description of it under the
name of Icli. morio and redescribes it as Ophion atricolor^ and Brulle in
his turn has disregarded Olivier's description and refers back to Fabricius.

EXOCHILUM Wesmsel.

8. Exochilum nigrovarium.

Anomalon nigrovarium Brulle, Hym. IV, 172 9 •

Two specimens. Conn. N. Am. (St. Farg.)

9. Exochilum fuscipennis. n. sp. 9 . Length 1.10 in. Br. wings 1.44 in.
Black, with rufous marks, wings smoky yellow. Antennse reddish, several of

360 [February

the basal joints black at their base, yellow before; vertex roughened, punctured
behind the ocelli; a space before antennse, a line on inner and outer orbits and a
dot above, clypeus and front of labrum, upper side of mandibles and the palpi
yellow; scutel black, post-scutel crenate, basin of metathorax sharply defined,
with coarse punctures among the rougher carinee; tegula;, base of wings and legs
yellowish; coxse and apical half of posterior femora and tibiae black; 1st, 2nd, 3rd
and a spot above at base of 4th segments of abdomen rufous (except a black line
on summit of 2nd and the edge of venter of 2nd and 3rd segments); the joints of
2nd and 3rd segments beneath and a spot at base of ovipositor, white: wings smoky
yellow, darkest toward base, base of stigma yellow.

One specimen. Washington, D. C. (Baron Osten Sacken.)

■ 10. ExocMlum mundus.

Ophion mundus: Say, Bost. Jour. 1, 228 %. Emmons, N. H. K. Y. Ag. V, 196.
Anomalon flavipes BruUe, Hym. IV. 170 9 'S •
N. Eng., N. Y., Pa., la.. Lake Sup., Mex. (St. Farg.).

1 1. ExocMlum tenuipes, n. sp. 9- Length 1.04 in. Br. wings 1.32 in.

Black, tarsi in part rufous. Antennse yellow, four or five basal joints black;
joints as long as wide; vertex roughened, face about and beneath an tenure punc-
tured : a narrow line beneath antennce and the inner and outer side of orbits yel-
low; ujandibles and palpi piecous; scutellun rounded, prominent, not truncate
behind; edges of metathoracic ))asin strongly defined, scalloi^cd, basin transverse-
ly cariuate, with an incomplete longitudinal fossula; tcgulte and second segment
of abdomen somewhat piceous; legs slender, the two anterior i^air rufous before;
base of posterior femora, tibite and first joint of tarsi piceous; tarsi not much
thickened; first joint nearly three times as long as second; wings black, semi-
opaque, stigma dark.

Two specimens. Conn., antl iMass. (S. H. Sciuldcr).

HETEEOPELMA Wesmtel.

VI. Heteropelma flavicorne.

Anomalon flaviconte BruUe, Ilyni. IV, 171 J '^ .

Anomalon Jlavicorniis Say, West. Quar. Kep. 11, 1, 74!!
Conn., Peun.
I am not sure tliut Say's species is the same with the above.

ANOMALON Grav.

Section I. Antennae } — I the length of body.

A. Recurrent dlscoidal ticrvure Lrukcn at or a little hcloic the middle.

B. Recurrent discoidal ncrvure hrohcn above the middle.

a. Discoidal cell much contracted at base.

13. Anomalon relictus. Length 1.08 in. Br. wings 1.16 in.

Ophion relictus Fab. Syst. Tiez. 133. 12. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 236, b ^ %.
9. C()lor rufous. Head very wide, eyes but little contracted below: face below
antennse, cheeks and scutel yellow; a spot above ocelli, front of nicsothorax, a

1863.] 361

band at summit of metathorax encircling Ijody, base of four anterior coxsp, poste.
rior ooxre and legs rufous: tips of posterior tibice black, the tarsi yellow: wings
smoky yellow, deepest at base, slightly violaceous at tip, stigma rufous.
%. The abdomen of the male is mostly rufous.

N. Y., Mass. (Harris Coll.), N. Am. (J^^ab.).

The head is larger than in any other species that I have seen, the meta-
thoraeic basin not defined at sides. This and all the following species of
Anomalon have a black spot at base of fii-st joint of abdomen beneath, as
well as a black line on second segment above.

14. Anomalon analis.

Ophion analis Say, Macl. Lye. 1, 76. 9 •

Ind. (Say), Mass. (S. H. Scudder), N. Y., Kansas.

This somewhat resembles rclivtiis, but is smaller (L. 0.68. Br. 0.72 in.),
the antennae are dark and the eyes slightly contracted below, the head
smaller, the metathoracic spiracles oval and the edges of the basin some-
what defined.

15. Anomalon laterale

Anomalon laterale Brulle. Hym. IV, 175. 9 'S •
N. York.
The lower half of metathoracic basin is concave and transversely rugose,

with the sides sharply defined.
The male resembles the female.

b. Discoidal cell not contracted at base. ■

16. Anomalon hyaline, n. sp. Length 0.82 in. Br. wings 1.00 in.

9- Rufous, with clear wings. Antennre picebus, basal joints yellow, 4th and 5th
joints blackish; head yellow, eyes reddish, the summit and back of head black, a
yellow orbital dot on each side of ocelli, inner edge of mandibles piceous, front
and base of mesothorax, apex of metathorax, pectus, apjcal half of first segment
and the second segment of tergum black, valves of terebra yellow, clavate,- ante-
rior legs, basal half of posterior tibise and the tarsi yellow; posterior coxse rufous
beneath and black above; trochanters, apex of femora and tibiae black; tegulfe
yellow, wings hyaline, bullie (or nerve fractures) small.

One specimen. Farmington, Conn.

The metathoracic spiracle is oval, basin distinct j sides rounded, trans-
versely rugose.

17. Anomalon nigro-rufus, n. sp. Length 0.82 in. Br. wings 0.92 in.

9 . Black, abdomen rufous. Antennae little more than half the length of body,
dark piceous, at base beneath yellow, separated (as in Thyreodon) with the slender
ridge below ocelli elevated into a thin prominent spine between; vertex coriaceous;
face below antennaj, a dot each side of ocelli and the cheeks yellow; uj^per half
and back of head, thorax and scutel black ;'tegul8e and ridge from base of inferior
wings to intermediate legs luteous; lower half of metathorax and abdomen rufous;
the first and five-sixths of second segment of tergum black; apical segments of

362 [February

tergum blackish; terebra styles yellowish; the four anterior legs yellow-rufous;
posterior pair rufous, the coxoe and trochanters above, tips of femora and apical
half of tibife black; tarsi yellow except base of first article; wings smoky hyaline,
stigma reddish in middle.

One specimen. N, Y.

The antenuaj are shorter than those of hyaline.^ and the eyes more wide-
ly separated, basin of metathorax rugose, largely concave, sides irreguhir-
ly defined.

Section II. Antennae less than J the length of body.

Recurrent nervure hroken above the middle^ discoidal cell not con-
tracted at base, metathoracic basin not concaiie, antennse 35 to
37 jointed.

18. Anomalon curtus, n. sp. %. Length 0.76 in. Br. wings 0.92 in.

■^ . Black, abdomen rufous, spotted with yellow and black. Antennas piceous,
black at tip and base above (yellow beneath), vertex with confluent punctures,
face below antennae and a narrow line back of eyes, mandibles and palpi yellow;
scutel black, prominent, rounded, coarsely punctured, two carinae from apex to
middle of metathorax; 1st, 2nd and part of 3rd and 4th segments of abdomen
rufous; a black line on summit of 2nd, the sides of 3rd and 4th and the remaining
segments black, spotted with yellow, the four anterior legs yellow; posterior coxae,
spot on trochanters, femora and apex of tibiae black; a spot on tip of coxse beneath,
trochanters, base of tibiae and tarsi yellow, tarsi blackish above. Wings hyaline,
tegulae and basal half of costa yellowish, stigma piceous.

Three specimens. Maine (Mr. Packard), Del. (Ent. Soc. Phil.).

19. Anomalon ambiguus, n. sp. 9- Length 0.72 in. Br. wings 0.80 in.

9- Black, abdomen rufous. Antennae short, pale piceous, palest at base, yellow
beneath; vertex coriaceous; orbits, face below antennae, a spot on mandibles and
paljji, tegulae and scutel yellow; ridge between pleura and metathorax rufous;
a black line on 2nd segment of abdomen above and the apical segments blackish;
legs ferruginous, the two anterior pair palest; posterior coxae and apical half of
tibise black; tips of tarsi blackish above; wings smoky yellowish, stigma rufous.
One specimen. Mass. (S. H. Scudder).

20. Anomalon semi-rufus, n. sp. 9- Length 0.72 in. Br. wings 0.84 in.

9- Ferruginous and black. Antennae hardly longer than thorax, 3rd article as
long as 4th and 5th, color piceous, darkest toward tip, basal joints ferruginous;
head ferruginous, vertex coarsely pitted, eyes apjiroaching at bottom, face below
antennae yellow; edge of clypeus, labrum and mandibles ferruginous, hairy; scutel
yellow, the sides of mesothorax, a dot behind scutel, the metathorax above, a
stripe curving from tegulae to base of pleura and the abdomen ferruginous: remain-
der of thorax, a line above second segment and on the sides of five apical segments
black; terebra valves, four anterior legs, posterior trochanters and tarsi yellow;
all the coxae, intermediate femora above, posterior femora and tibiae ferruginotis,
posterior troelianters in part and apex of tibiae black; femora and tips of tarsi
above blackish; wings faintly smoky, tegulae yellowish, stigma and costa ferrugi-
nous.

One specimen. Albany, JS. Y.

1863.] 363

21. Anomalon ferruginous, n. sp. 9- Length 0.00 in. Br. wings 0.72 in.

9- Ferriigindus. Aiitenii.'o hardly as long as tliorax. basal article palest, yellow-
isli beneath, .3rd as long as Uli and oth, remaining articles wider than long; ver-
tex coarsely pitted, ocelli black: face below antennae and a large sj)ot on mandi-
bles yellow, tips of mandibles black: base of costa, scutel. some irregular spots on
sides of abdomen and tlio torebra valves yellow; a black line al)ove 2nd segment;
legs color of l)ody. ])o.sterior pair darkest; anterior trochanters, tibifp and tarsi, tips
of posterior trochanters, femora and base of first article of tarsi yellow: wings yel-
lowish smoky, stigma rufous.

Two specimens. Chicago, III. (P. R. Uliler).
The nietathorax is coarsely pitted.

22. Anomalon nigritum, n. sp. %, Length 0.48 in. Br. wings 0.56 in.

%. Black, abdomen partly rufous. Antenna; black, piceous beneath and yellow
at base, a little longer than thorax, articles longer than wide; vertex rough, some-
what confluently punctured; a narrow reddish orbital line behind; face at the side
of and beneath antennae, a spot on mandibles and the palpi yellow, scutel black;
metathorax flattened behind, obscurely transversely rugose, sides of basin distinct;
abdomen rufous, base of 1st, a line on 2nd above, the sides of the three following
and the apical segments black ; tips of four anterior coxa; and the legs (except a
black line on femora above), posterior trochanters, base of tibia and tarsi yellow;
all the coxse, the posterior femora and apical half of tibiae black, posterior tarsi above
and apical joints of all the tarsi reddish, wings smoky hyaline, costa pale, stigma
piceous.

One specimen. Mass. (Harris Coll.).

Section III. Autenntie as long or nearly as long as body, very slender,
abdomen slender, segments compressed toward apex,
a. Discoidal area not contracted at base.

2.J. Anomalon luteo-pectus, n. sp. %. Length 0.60. in. Br. wings 0.74. in.

% . Black and rufous with yellow pectus. Antennae longer than body; ferrugin-
ous, the sides of 1st article, the 2nd and 4th above and apex black; the basal arti-
cle above and below and the 2nd and 4th beneath yellow; head yellow; ocelli
ruby, a black spot on summit (enclosing ocelli, with a yellow dot on each side) cov-
ering back of head to neck; clypeus and mandibles with pale hair; mesothorax,
apex of metathorax and part of pleura black; mesothorax distinctly trilobate,
confluently punctured around the edges and between the lobes; tegulse, scutel,
front of pleura and pectus yellow; prothorax and neck, space below scutel, base
of metathorax and abdomen pale ferruginous; line above 2nd segment and apex
of abdomen black; four anterior legs, posterior coxse, trochanters and tarsi yellow;
a spot on posterior coxse and trochanters above and the apical half of tibiae black;
femora and base of tibiae rufous; wings hyaline, stigma pale.
One specimen. Farmington, Ct.

This and the succeeding species have the metathorax produced as in
Sec I, with a shallow suture and interlacing carinas over the whole sur-
face. No black spot at base of 1st segment beneath.

364: [February

b. Discoidal area contracted at base.
24 Anomalon prismaticus, n. sp. '^ 9 • Length 0.48. in. Breadth wings 0.56. in.

9 . Honey yellow, with black pectus. Antennae nearly as long as body, ferrugi-
nous ; 2nd article above, base of 4th and apical articles blackish, basal articles
yellow beneath ; a spot enclosing ocelli and touching antennfe and a spot on back
of head about the face, black; face below antennae and the cheeks yellow; a spot
on prominent lobe of mesothorax, sutures about scutel, the pectus and two apical
segments of abdomen above, black; the other segments darkest above; the four
anterior coxse and trochanters, anterior pair of legs and four posterior tarsi at base
yellow; remainder of legs rufous, posterior darkest; apical half of posterior tibise
dark rufous; wings hyaline, with a beautiful prismatic reflection; nervures black.

%. The vertical spot of male is larger: the lower half of pleura, summit and
sides of metathorax black.

Four specimens. Mass. (S. H. Seudder), and Ct. June and July.

25. Anomalon metallicus, n. sp. 9- Length 0.34 in. Br. wings 0.48 in.

9. Honey yellow, pectus black. Antennas about i the length of body, piceous;
most of 4th, the extreme base of each succeeding article and the apex blackish,
head yellow, smooth, a distinct black spot enclosing ocelli and extending over back
of head; a spot in front and rear of mesothorax, a triangular spot on pleura, the
pectus and three apical segments of abdomen above, black; venter, four anterior
legs and posterior tarsi (in part) varying from yellow to pale rufous; four anterior
coxse and trochanters white, posterior legs rufous, trochanters and tips of tibire
blackish; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures piceous.
One specimen. Mass. (S. H. Seudder).

PANISCUS Grav.
Scape of antennae subovate, apex very obliquely truncated. Areolet triangular
externally, nervure broken.

26. Paniscus geminatus.

Ophion geminatus, Say, Macl. Lye. 1, 76.

N. En-, N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., Va., Ill, Can., Cal.

There appears to be two distinct sizes of this, of which the largest av-
erages about 0.90 in length, 1.18 br. wings and the smallest, length 0.48,
br. wings 0.72 in., but I have not found sufficient difterence between
them to warrant calling them different species.

27. Paniscus chloris.

Ojohion cfiloris Oliv. Encyc. Method. Ins. 8, p. 509 (1811).
"Ophion pallide, testaceus, iramaeulatus, abdomine falcato, subtus dentate."
ffab. N. Am.
There is very little doubt that this is the 0. geminatus of Say, from

which it differs only in having two or three "dentelures" beneath the ab-
domen. Most of my specimens have thin transparent projections beneath
some of the segments, but they can hardly be called dentate or inclining
to it.

18G3.] 365

CAMPOPLEX Grav.

A.reolet of the wiugs complete (in all the species examined rhomboidal, the lower
angle obtuse).

Metathorax in the middle longitudinally concave or subsulcate.

28. Campoplex vitticollis, Harris's Cat. 9- Length 0. GO in. Br. wings 0.80 in-
5 . Ferruginous, with a black stripe on thorax. Antennaj moderate, ferruginous

at tip and base, eyes scarcely contracted below, head black; mandibles, palpi
and tegulse yellow; tips of mandibles dark; face and thorax covered with silvery
hair; a black line, interrupted by scutel, from the head to base of metathorax?
scutel rufous at apex; a line on 2nd segment of abdomen, valves of terebra and
the pectus black; anterior legs, tips of intermediate femora and legs below and
base of posterior tibire yellow; a line on anterior femora above, intermediate coxpe,
trochanters and femora, posterior coxfe, trochanters, base of femora beneath and
tarsi black; four posterior coxis above, femora and apex of tibiae ferruginous;
wings yellow hyaline, nervures dark.

Four specimens. Ct., and Md. (P. R. Uhler).

In this and all the succeeding species the thorax is closely punctured,
except beneath the wings, where there is a small space more or less smooth
or striate. The punctures are most coarse on the metathorax, sometimes
appearing more like granulations than pits. The punctuation of the pleura
is rather sparse and the color generally dull. In this species it is shining.

29. Campoplex villosus, n. sp. ^ %. Length 0.64 in. Br. wings 0.76 in.

9 % . Black, with the metathorax and abdomen ferruginous. Antennae long, pi-
ceous beneath, jDroduced to a slender tip; a thin longitudinal ridge between ocelli
and antennae; head and thorax covered with silvery hair, longest on face and
metathorax; a spot on mandibles, palpi and tegulse yellow; a triangle below in-
ferior wings, metathorax, except at summit, posterior coxae above and 1st segment
of abdomen ruby-red ; remainder of abdomen ferruginous, a black line on second
segment; a spot on anterior coxae, the four anterior legs and posterior tibiae in the
middle yellow: a line on anterior femora above, intermediate coxae and most part
of femora and posterior legs black; basin of metathorax transversely striate, the
angles distinct, the ridge between them and the postscutel forming a carina, ang-
ulate or bent, above which are smooth shining spaces; wings hyaline.

Four specimens. Albany, N. Y., and Ct.

The pleura is covered with very fine punctures and shines like the ab-
domen. The carinae on the summit of the metathorax appear in most
species of Camjxjplex.

30. Campoplex argenteus, n. sp. 9. Length 0.64: in. Br. wings 0.94 in.

9. Black, with abdomen rufous, except at base. Antenme a little more than
half the length of body, flagellum dark piceous, }>asal joint yellow beneath (in
some cases piceous or black), lower half of face and most of thorax covered with
silvery white hair; basin above antennae distinct, not rough, face below antennae
coarsely punctured; mandibles (except tijis), palpi and tegulrc yellow; basin of
metathorax transversely wrinkled below, striate above and shining at summit;

366 [February

sjjiracle long; 1st segment of abdomen unusually globose toward apex and with
the 2nd aliove and valves of terebra black: remaining segments rufous, more or
less mottled with black; 2nd segment yellow or yellow rufous beneath; posterior
tibiae and spines and the four anterior legs yellow, except a line on anterior fem-
ora before, the intermediate coxre and two-thirds of femora, which, with the pos-
terior legs are black; wings smoky hyaline.

Three specimens. N. Y., Ct.

The abdomen of the females toward the apex is wide, flattened, as in
OpTiion, and truncated obHquely at end. The spaces above the carinas
on metathorax are punctured so as to appear striate in some lights and the
summit of the angle enclosed by the carinas is shining rugose.

.31. Campoplex diversus, n. sp. 9 % • Length 0.50-51. Br. wings 0.72-76 in.

9. Black, abdomen jiartly rufous. Eeseml)les C. argenteus, from which it differs
as follows: — Antennae piceous only toward tip, face somewhat contracted below
antenupe; metathorax so jjunctured as to appear granulate, and covered with white
hair, except in basin; basin transversely wrinkled and striate to summit, not shin-
ing; first segment and upper part of second nearly to its apex black; second seg-
ment yellowish beneath; remainder of abdomen rufous, darkest toward end, and
not widely flattened nor truncate as in C. argenteus ; first segment not more globu-
lar at apex than in other species; legs as in C. argenteus, with more of black at
base, anterior coxse black; posterior tarsi blackish.

% . The male has the two apical segments of the abdonien black and the four an-
terior legs wholly or mostly yellow. The antennae are a little longer than those of
the female.

Four specimens. Mass. (Scudder), Ct.

One couple taken pairing in June. This male has a yellow spot on the
front of first article of antennae. One specimen has the first segment of
the abdomen and the posterior tibiae almost entirely rufous.

This may be considered a variety of C. argenteus.

32. Campoplex glaucus, u. sp. 9- Length 0.44 in. Br. wings 0.56 in.

9 . Black, abdomen rufous. Antennse moderate, basin of vertex apparently cori-
aceous; a large reddish spot on mandibles; palpi pale; head and thorax covered
with short whitish hair, not silvery: tegulse yellowish; spiracle of metathorax
ovate; basal half of first segment, a spot on second segment above and valves of
terebra black; the four anterior legs with yellow tibife and tarsi, reddish toward
base; posterior legs ferruginous; all the coxse, trochanters, posterior tibise and tarsi
above dark jiiceous, shading into ferruginous; wings hyaline.
One specimen. Farmington, Ct.

33. Campoplex xanthogaster Brulle, Hym. IV, 159. N. Am.

9- " Black, with the abdomen and two posterior feet ferruginous; with the four
anterior feet, the mouth and base of the antennse yellow."

Not seen. From the description it differs from the proceeding in the

markings of the abdomen, having the first segment yellow in its narrow

1863.] 367

portion and the remainder red, with the back brown; the back of the
second segment entirely and the base only of the third black; the four
anterior trochanters yellow and the posterior pair ferruginous. I have an
injured specimen to which this description will apply closely but not de-
cisively.

?,4. Campoplex assitus, n. sp. 9- Length 0.40 in. Br. wings 0.52 in.

9- Black, with abdomen in part rufous. Antennae piceous, long and slender,
very finely produced toward the tip; face narrowed below the antennae; head and
sides of thorax with sparse white hair; on the face and pleura the punctures seem
to run into strise; the thorax above is finely punctured; mandibles piceous at tip;
basin of raetathorax with transverse strise; spiracles on the sides of segments very
prominent, basal and second segments of abdomen except the tip above black; api-
cal segments with black above, second segment with fine cross strise; legs black,
anterior pair yellow beneath, below the coxte : intermediate pair with a spot on
tips of femora above and the tibiae yellow; all the tarsi with whitish ends; wings
faintly clouded.

One specimen. Farmington, Ct.

35. Campoplex dissitus, n. sp. Length 0.40 in. Br. wings 0.52 in.

9- Black, abdomen mostly rufous. Antennae moderate, dark piceous at tip, sec-
ond joint almost ruby-red; face scarcely narrowed below antennae, clothed with
silvery hair; the body not finely punctured and hardly shining; basin of meta-
thorax distinct; first and upper basal half of second segment of abdomen black;
remainder of second above and part of third brown, remainder of abdomen red-
ferruginous; spiracles indistinct; the ground color of the legs black; the four an-
terior femora yellowish toward the tips, the anterior tibia; and tarsi yellow, the
intermediate tibiae and tarsi darker above than beneath; wings faintly clouded.

One specimen. Lake Saskatchewan (Camb. Museum).

36. Campoplex alius, n. sp. Length 0..38 in. Br. wings 0.54 in.

9- Black, with red and black abdomen and honey yellow legs. Antennae more
than half the length of body, equal in size nearly to end, piceous, with basal joint
palest. Face but little narrowed, apparently coriaceous; fine short silvery hair on
face and thorax; mandibles and paljji honey yellow; pleura wrinkled and striate
above, dull, with fine sparse punctures below; metathoracic basin deep, with trans-
verse wrinkles; the first, second (except at tip) and the final segments of abdomen
black; the tip of second and the the third and fourth segments ferruginous; all
the coxae and the posterior trochanters black; posterior tibiae at base and apex and
the tarsi of four posterior legs blackish, remainder of legs honey yellow. "Wings
hyaline, nervures and tegulse piceous.

One specimen. Mass. (S. H. Scudder).

37. Campoplex genuinus, n. sp. 9 %• Length 0.36 in. Br. wings 0.52 in.

9- Black, with honey yellow legs. Antennte hardly half the length of body;
the whole insect sericeous with short, fine white hair; clypeus protruded, rounded,
palpi yellowish; face scarcely narrowed below antennae; ocelli large, ruby color-
ed, the smooth space beneath wings with fine curved striae; spiracle very small,

w
368 [February

oval, spiracle on first segment of abdomen near the apex, on the expansion of the
petiole; seventh segment wider than the sixth, making the abdomen appear trunc-
ate ; legs honey yellow, coxae and trochanters black, ajsical joints of tarsi black-
ish. Wing hyaline, lower angle of radial cell less obtuse than usual.

% . White hair upon the face shorter than female; clypeus retracted, rounded in
middle; segments of abdomen hardly flattened.

Twenty five specimens. Farmington, Conn.

The clypeus in this species has a sinus on each side of the advanced na-
sus, therein diifering from all the other species which have it evenly and
moderately rounded.

I present this description of so many new species in this genus with
hesitation and have endeavored to condense the number of species, but the
variations in form are quite as great as in color, especially in the antennae
and abdomen, to which latter my desci'iptions hardly do justice.

I should add that the term rufous as used here is applied to the color
termed ferruginous by Brulle which seems capable of latitude of interpre-
tation.

LASIOFTEBA reared from a gall on the golden-rod.
BY BARON R. OSTEN SACKEN.

I am indebted to Mr. Edw. Norton for the communication of. several
specimens of this Lasiojjfera , reared by him in a box which contained a
number of galls on the stalks of Solidago, all resembling more or less the
common gall of TrypcAa Solidaginis Fitch. By a careful examination of
these galls and their contents I attempted to discover from which of them
the Lasiopterse. had escaped. Although this attempt remained fruitless,
and I did not find, as I had expected, any exuviae of the pupa of the
midse, I will nevertheless communicate some facts, which resulted from
my examination, and may be useful for future observers. I soon perceiv-
ed that the galls could be separated into three groups. The first group
was formed of the fully developed galls of the T. solidagink, with the pu-
pa-shell on the inside and the round hole, through which the fly had es-
caped, on the outside. The walls of the cavity of some of these galls
showed a marked difiereuce from the smooth and whitish or yellow walls
of the normal specimens, being brown or blackish and bearing traces of
the burrowing of some other insect than the larva of Trypeta^ which, how-
ever, had not prevented the latter from completing its transformation, as

1863.] 809

proved by the hole on the outside and the pupa-case within; In a few in-
stances, there were on the outer surface of the gall, one or two holes, be-
sides the large one of Trijpcta. In one case, I had a curious instance of
the in-door life of insects. The Trypeta had already burrowed its hole
and was ready to escape, when a spider entered the gall through the hole
just completed and sucked out the fly. The contracted skin and the head
of the latter, as well as a cobweb, which I found in the cavity, plainly
showed the nature of the incident. lu the second group I placed some
less developed galls, which I take to be those of the same fly, but arrested
in their growth by the attack of a parasite. In one of them I found a
perfect specimen of an Eurytoma ; some others contained indistinct ex-
uviae of a pupa. The third group comprised the galls, produced by a lepi-
dopterous insect, which was proved by the frequent presence of the ex-
uviae of the pupa; in one case also by the remains of the perfect insect,
which had perished without having been able to escape; in another, by
the carcass of the caterpillar, apparently consumed internally by parasites
and crammed with the shells of their pupae, which thus prevented the skin
from collapsing. These galls are easily distinguished from those of the
Trypeta by their generally larger size, their more oblong form, their
much thinner walls, and consequently, the much wider hollow space
within. The section of the gall of Trypeta shows that its body consists
of pith, with a space in the centre, just large enough to contain the larva.
In the lepidopterous gall, on the contrary, there is no agglomeration of
pith and its walls are not stouter than those of the stalk. I leave to lepi-
dopterists the investigation of this gall, if it is not already known to them ■
and will merely mention here that a gall, somewhat similar in appearance,
has been figured by Perris (Ann. Soc. Entom. de Fr. 3® Ser. Vol. IV,
Tab. 1, fig. Ill, 1. 2.) as being the produce of C(jchylis (Tortrix) Mlar-
ana H. Schaefi".

Does Lasioptera produce a gall for itself, very similar in appearance to
the gall of Trypeta and therefore, perhaps overlooked by me, or taken out
of the box, before it reached me? Or does it colonize the galls of Trype-
ta, after they have been abandoned by their original owner? Or else, hrfore
the escape of the latter, the larvas of both species living in company?
All three cases are not without precedent in the history of CecidomyisR.
The burrows noticed above as occurring in some of the jT/y^je^a-galls may
perhaps be those of Lasioptera.

The question remains therefore open for future investigation. The new
species may be described (from dry specimens) as follows : —

o70 [February

Lasioptera solidaginis 0. S. — % Q. Nigra, fl ivo-hirta, abdomine fasciis fiavirlo-
argenteis, iuterruptis. alarum margine anterioi'e jiuucto albo.

Black, with golden -yellow hairs, abdomen with yellowish-silvery bands, inter-
rupted in the middle: costal margin of the wing with a white spot. Long. corp.
0.08-0.1.

Head black, face clothed with yellowish hairs; antennse apparently 22-joi)ited,
black; two basal joints clothed with yellowish hairs; thorax black, clothed with
golden-yellow hairs, especially around the humeri; (the hairs on the dorsum are
rubbed off in my specimens); near the root of the wing there are longer and more
reddish-yellow hairs; those on the lower j^art of the pleurce are whitish (they are
rather scales than hairs); abdomen black, with silvery, somewhat yellowish, trans-
verse bands formed of minute scales, on the hind part of the segments: these bands,
six in numlier, oecujiy at least half the breadth of the segment, and are interrupt-
ed in the middle; the venter, in well jireserved specimens, is silvery white; geni-
tals yellowish: poisers yellow; legs yellow; the upper edge of the femora, a short
distance before the knee, the (Xiter side of the tibiae and the tarsi on their whole
extent, are infuscated, almost black. (Viewed in a certain light, the legs appear
golden-yellow, from some very minute hairs which cover them). Wings grey, on
account of their dense pubescence; a white spot on the anterior margin at the tip
of the two first lons-itudinal veins.

Importance of INSECT AKCHITECTUEE to Entomologists.

BY WILLIAM COUPER,

Assistant Secretary of the Literary and Historical Society, Quebec, &c.

That the study of forms constructed by the Articulata lead to the de-
termination of the parent architects, is evident to every intelligent inves-
tigator of the insect world. Yet strange to say, I have not met witli an
Entomologist on this side of the Atlantic who specially devoted his lei-
sure in collecting them. It cannot be said that it is for want of material
that this neglect arises, for in Canada, I have collected upwards of six
thousand specimens of both animal and vegetable structures formed by
larvse, or made use of by perfect insects to fulfill their ends.

A well arranged Cabinet of Insect Architecture presents a most char-
ming picture to the lover of Nature — when these various and curious
works of insects are brought together — then it is, that sensation and ap-
preciation will be realized. It is at this stage that the Entomologist sees
the real connective use of a collection of this nature with the Order of his
study. A hasty glance over this accumulation of buildings erected by our
little architects presents us the numerous and various shaped galls produced

1863.] 871

by Ci/nipiilpc; stems of plants oxliibiting the labour of the parent insects
in boring through the pith to foriu cells for their progeny. Plants, such
as the Coniosdininn Canadensis, the interior of the stem of which is occu-
pied by hundreds of cocoons of a Moth, Leaves of plants rolled, curled,
tented and mined by Caterpillars and Aphides. Cells of the various Hy-
menopterous insects; the beautiful little nests of wasps, some quite round,
others pear-shaped, fJie work of a single pair. What a contrast between
these little structures and the nest of the common Wasp, which is some-
times twelve inches in diameter. A wasp occurs in Western Canada that
illustrates the constancy of specific work. This species generally selects
a hole in a bank, such as would be left by the falling out of a round stone.
The foundation is laid by a substance similar to that used by the common
species; this is worked upwards for a short distance. They then procure
a much whiter substance, and with it a second ring is formed of about three
quarters of an inch wide. The nest is thus a continuation of white and
brown rings, and from this peculiar instinct in the insect's mode of archi-
tecture, it is named Vcspa, marginata. Hymeaopterous insects, also con-
struct nests of mud and clay, laboring from day to day (in their season) un-
til completion; and the species called hornet make use of the same kind of
material that the cliff swallow selects to build its nest. The leaf-cuttiuff
Bee is provided with mandibles formed to cut circular pieces from leaves
of plants, and often have I watched its dexterity and neatness of work. The
collector of insect architecture may sometimes find under the bark of trees,
three or four rolls of semi-decayed leaves, from one to two inches in length.
— They are freqviently placed side by side, and contain food on which
the larvse feed. The cells are not unlike a continuation of thimbles placed
equidistant into each other. We also have the architectural labor of Ants in
beautiful gallaries, supported by pillars and traverses on which generations
of the insects move up and down in the decayed tree.

The tubular aquatic nests of the larvse of Caddis-flies are subjects for an
enquiring mind; some being formed of grains of sand, others of leaves
and pieces of wood.

A Coleopterist is content when the imago is discovered, and after des-
cribing it, considers his part performed towards the advancement of human
knowledge. Another goes further in delineating forms o^lurcse^ but their
architecture, in all cases, whether the work of larvse or of imago is altogether
neglected. Can not beauty and design be seen in the cocoons of Osmoder-
ma scahra and Osmoderma ercmicola? When the egg-shaped cocoons of
these pith-eating larvse are examined, we perceive them formed of fine par-

372 [February

tides of ejectamenta wltli fragments of wood, whieh the insect cements to-
gether by means of a saliva; and these pretty structures are formed in total
darkness in the interior of trees. Does not the imw/o Canthon laevis teach
us a lesson in the mode by which it provides food for its progeny; and why
should the globular structure be rejected by the Entomologist? It is no
wonder that the ancient Egyptians worshipped its relative.

The Modus operandi of the Gicadse may be familiar to Entomologists; we
know that they deposit their ova in branches of fruit ti-ees, and I find the
exuvise of the ni/mplia state in forests, therefore, it is a nice investigation
to determine the trees on which it is a parasite. What a pretty Collection
the Lepidopterous Cocoons make of themselves? How many Students are
there to day, who looks on the cocoons of this order as possessing intei'est?

The insects are all they care to make room for; large sums are expended
to procure descriptive books, at the very time natures information is with-
in reach. Little thinking that the Chrysalis covering formed by the
Caterpillar reveals the genus to which it belongs. For instance, this year
a young beginner rears the Caterjiillar of Atlacus Inna, which forms its
cocoon, and in due time he procures the imar/o. Next year, he finds a
Caterpillar of Attaciis polyphemus, which, although a cogener, difi"ers
from the former in form and markings. It also spins a like cocoon in size
and texture, and in this way, our young beginner discovers that he is the
possessor of two species of a genus. In Lepidoptera a remarkable analogy
appears in the cocoons of every species of a genus; and we discover a dif-
ference between generic forms throughout the order. Hence, I am of the
opinion that the cocoon is an easy means of specific identification, as well
as to enhance classification. Insect Architecture supplies us with a cor-
rect history of Hymenopterous and Dipterous parasites. Its study makes
us better acquainted with the destructive insects, and gives us a knowledge
wherewith we can check their progress. The collector will also devote a
space in the cabinet to spider architecture. They are the most ingenious
structures, many of them, mathematically speaking, surpasses any form
produced by true insects.

Two cases 18 by 24 inches will sufiice to hold a large number of speci-
mens. One should be 2^ inches deep, to contain small forms, and the
other 6 inches, for larger ones. To have a glass frame on hinges, — the
frame to fit into the case when closed; this is to prevent the escape of
small parasitic Hymenoptera &c., wbich may from day to day appear.
Mount the specimens on colored cards, that they may be better exhibit-
ed,— write remarks &c., relating thereto on the card, and with strong pins
place it in the cabinet.

18G3.] 373

Eemarks on Tent-building Ants.

BY WILLIAM COUPER,

Assistant Secretary of the Literary and Historical Society, Quebec, ic.

An Ant occurs on tlie Homewood estate, near Toronto, U. Canada, that
consti'ucts a kind of papier mCicM tent over Aplikles^ parasitic on a spe-
cies of Alder. This structure is attached to the smaller branches of the
tree, generally about tsso or three feet from the ground. The material
used by the Ants appears to be fine dust fallen from the interior of decay-
ed hard-wood trees. They convert the dust into a sort of paste which is
carried up in small particles. It is wonderful to notice the steadiness and
rapidity of these little architects about their work. During the cooler por-
tions of sunny days, the whole working force (neuters) of the nest are out
at labor, running up and down on the main trunk of the shrub on which
the Aphides are living. Each ant on its upward course, having a small
particle of the ready-made building material in its mandibles, which it adds
to the structure, and the work is continued daily until the extent of the
colony of Aphides is under cover. The form of structure altogether de-
pends on the position of the Aphides. It is sufiiciently open interiorly to
give the ants and plant-parasites plenty of room and ventilation, and there
are also several holes leading from underneath the tent for the passage of
the ants. I am led to mark this form of Insect Architecture as heretofore
unnoticed in America, and although sufiiciently familiar with the structure,
the species, which is black, and about four lines long, is unknown to me.
Could not a correspondent of the Society at Toronto, procure the insect,
and its architecture? The locality is mentioned and the objects can be
found during the month's of June, July and August. Kirby, in his In-
troduction to Entomology, Vol. 1. p. 480, mentions the European F. ae-
thiops and F. flava, as using "sawdust in forming their buildings'', but
does not speak of the structure in connection with other insects. In Vol.
II, p. 89, he says: "sometimes to rescue them from their rivals, they take
their aphides* in their mouth, they generally keep guard round them, and
when the branch is conveniently situated, they have recourse to an expedi-
ent still more efiectual to keep off" interlopers, — they inclose it in a tube of
earth or other materials, and thus confine them in a kind of paddock near
their nest, and often communicating with it".

* The ant ascends the tree, says Linne, that it may milk its cows, the Aphides, not
kill them. Syst. Nat. 9G2, 3.

874 [February

This structure made over the Aphides is not the ants nest, but the prop-
erty of the laboring portion of the colony, which are at a short distance in
the earth. Against foes, it is guarded in daytime with more attention
than soldiers guard the gates of a military city ; and should an ant, even
be it of the same species, from a neighboring nest, attempt to visit their
"milk cows", it is pounced on and tumbled to the earth. Kirby says :
"severe as this constant and unremitted daily labor seems, it is but a small
part of what the affection of the working ants leads them readily to under-
take. The feeding of the young brood, which rests solely upon them, is a
more serious charge. The nest is constantly stored with larvae the year
round, during all which time, except in winter when the whole society is
torpid, they require feeding several times a day with a viscid half-digested
fluid that the workers disgorge into their mouths, which when hungry
they stretch out to meet those of their nurses".

To advance our knowledge of insects is the object of Entomological So-
cieties, but in some classes such cannot be perfected without attention to
their architecture. Through it European Entomologists have made pro-
gress. The London Society possess a Cabinet of Insect Architecture, as
is seen from the following,-" Prof. Westwood also exhibited numerous spec-
imens of leaves which had been mined by larvfe of Diptera and Lepidop-
tera, arranged on card-board for the Cabinet, in such manner as to ex-
hibit at a glance the difference between the various mines- a matter of con-
siderable importance for the determination of the species". — Atheiiseum,
Nov. 1. 1862.

INDEX.

The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of the

Author.

Page

Acanthoeerus aphodioides 46

Acanthosoma borealis 23

Acidalia persimilata, Grotc 34-7

Adelocera impressicollis 46

^Egeridfe, new species of, and ob-
servations on Papilio Daunus,

by James Ridings 277

iEgeria? quinque-caudata, Bidinc/s 277

Aegilips obtusilobse, 0. S 68

Alaus myops 46

myops (larva) 226

Allantus excavatus, Norton 143

Alydus calcaratus 23

cruentus...-. 23

Amblynotus? petiolicola, O.S. 67

Ancylochira fasciata 46

lineata 32,46

Andrenidae of N. A., Catalogue of

the, by E. T. Cresson 332

Anobium paniceum (larva) 29

Anoniala binotata 6

lucicola 74, 220

Anomalon ambiguus, Norton 362

analis 361

curtus, Norton 362

ferrugineus, Norton 363

hyaline, Norton 361

laterale 361

luteo-pectus, Norton 363

metallicus, Norton 364

nigritum, Norton 363

nigro-rufus, Norton 361

prismaticus, Norton 364

relictus 360

semi-rufus, Norton 362

Anthocaris genutia 6

Anthrax Simson 74, 226

Anthrenus destructor (larva) 28

Page
Apate 2

Ajihidse. Genera of. found in the U.

States, by Benj. D. Walsh 294

Aphis avena; 141

bella 299

carduella, ^Yal^ih 300

maidis? 300

quercifolife, Walsh 298

rudbeckiee? 298

vitis? 299

Aphodius fimetarius 2

inquinatus 2

Apidse of N. A., Catalogue of the,

by E. T. Cresson 335

Ardistomis viridis 6

Argynnis Astarte 221

Arhopalus pictus 26

pictus (larva) 30, 121

Asemum moestum 6

Aspidisca Ostrysefoliella, Clemens,

(larva) 82

Saliciella, Clem, (larva).. 82

Aylax? futilis, O.S 64

Baeanius tantillus 42

Baceha fuscipennis 226

Batrisus globulus 42

lineaticoUis 31, 186

Bedellia somnulentella, Clemens ... 147
Bembecidaj of N. A., Catalogue of

the, by E. T. Cresson 316

Berosus striatus 5

Braehys terminans 31

Brachytarsus tomentosus 42

Bryaxis longulus 42

Byrsocryjata pseudoljyrsa, Walsh... 306

vagabunda, Walsh 306

Calaphis, Walsh 301

betulella, Walsh 301

376

Index.

Page

Callaspidia nubilipennis 63

quercus globulus 67, 68

Callidium? albofasciatum, Bland... 274

amcenum 220

semicircularis, Bland... 275

variabile (larva) 30

varium (larva) 30

Calosoma calidum 25, 31

Campoplex alius, Norton 367

argenteus, Norton 365

assitus, Norton 367

dissitus, Norton 367

diversus, Norton 366

genuinus, iVor^on 367

glaucus, iVbr^ora 366

villosus, Norton 365 '

y\ii\co\\\s, Harris 365

xanthogaster 366

Cantlion chalcites 6

Capsus multicolor 24

rapidus 24

robinise, JJhler 24

Carabus serratus 26

vinctus 2

Cassida eruciata 46

iiovemmaculata 26

Catastega Aceriella, C/ewifiw.s (larva) 87
? Hainameliella, Clemens,
(larva) 87

timidella, C/e»iens (larva) 87

Cedius Ziegleri 42

Centronopus anthracinus (larva) 30, 123
calcaratus (larva) 30

Cerambycidse, new species of, by
J. H. B. Bland 267

Ceratocampa regalis 42

Ceratomia quadricornis, Metamor-

jjhoses of, by J. A.. Lintner 286

Chalcididse of N. A., Catalogue of,

by E. T. Cresson 227, 343

Chalcolepidius viridipilis 32

Chalcophora liberta 142

virginica 142

Chalepus trachypygus 2

Cbersotis pinastri 218

plecta 218

Chlsenius cliloroplianus 42

prasinvis 42

Chrysidse of N. A., Catalogue of,

by E. T. Cresson 233, 344

Page

Chrysomela philadelphica 6

Cicindela abdominalis 42, 263

baltimorensis 6

consentanea 217

generosa 6, 25

patruela 6

purpurea 6

rugifrons 6

sexguttata 26

Cicindelidfe of N. A., Catalogue of

tbe, by E. T. Cresson 7

Cilix amerieana 345

Cimbex amerieana, synonyms of,

by Edward Norton 201

Cistela erythroptera 46

Clytus araneiformis 273

erythrocephalus (larva) 29

marginieollis 6

pubescens 32

Coccidula lepida 193

Coccinella novemnotata 6

5-notata 142

ColeojDhora Caryjefoliella, Clemens,

(larva) 78

Corylifoliella, Clemens,

(larva) 79

Ostryse, C/ewiens (larva) 79

Pruniella, C/cr». (larva) 79

Querciella, CVem (larva) 80

Tilitefoliella, Clemens,
(larva) 80

Viburniella, Clemens,

(larva) 79

Coleoptera of N. A., Descriptions

of new species, by J. H.B.Bland 353

Coleoptera of N. A., some larvse of,

by Baron R. Osten Sacken 105

Coleoptera of N. A., new s^jecies of

by Geo. H. Horn 18?

Coleopterous Larvfe and Pupse,

Habits of, by G. H. Horn.... 28, 43

Colias philodice 6

Collops quadrimaculatus 32

Conojis Sagittarius 226

tibialis 226

Copris amnion 2

Carolina, (larva) 105

Coptodera viridipennis 104

Corymbites sethiops 31

aiajiressifrons 32

fulvipes, Bland 354

Index.

377

Page

Coryniliites Nebraskeiisis, Blond ... 356

tarsalis 6

Cotalpa lanigera 217

Crabronida; of N. A., Catalogue ol"

the, by E. T. Cresson 2U, .•?44

Cremastochilus Harri^ii fi, 217

Crocota opella, Grote ?>Ab

Crsesus latitarsiis, Norton J'J'J

Crossidius pulchelhis 273

piilchrior, Bland 272

Cryptobiiini Itieolor 45

Cucujus elavipes (5

Cupes capitata 42

Cychrus Andrewsii 46

Ridingsii, Bland 353

stenostomus 0, 45

viduus 40

Cyclocephala lurida, Bland 354

Cymatodera puncticollis, Bland 355

Cymus resedse 23

Cynipidce of K. A., Catalogue of the,

by E. T. Cresson 202, 342

Cyuipidse of the If. A. Oaks, and
their Galls, by Baron R. Osten

Sacken 47

Additions & corrections to the
above paper, by Baron R. Os-
ten Sacken 241

Cyuips confiuens 56, 58

(Synerges?) lignicola, 0. S. 252

nubilipennis 63

oneratus 07, 68, 253

pezomachoides, 0. S 250

quercus aciculata, 0. S. 56, 245

quercus arbos 70

quercus batatus 71

quercus centrieola, 0. S 58, 246

quercus coccineee, 0. S 243

quercus coelebs, 0. S 60

quercus cornigera, 0. S 251

quercus ficus 69, 258

quercus fusiformis, 0. ^S" 61

quercus futilis, 0. <S' 63

quercus globulus 67

quercus inanis, 0.8 58,242

quercus irregularis, 0. S.... 65

quercus juglans, O.S 255

quercus lanse 62

quercus modesta, O.H 66

quercus nigrse, 0. ;S' 00. 257

Page

Cynips quercus operator. O. 8 25C

quercus palustris, O. S.. 62, 251

quercus papillata. O. S 64

quercus phellos, O.S 70

quercus pisum 59, 250

quercus s])ongifica, O.S 244

quercus strobilana, 0. ;S'..... 254

quercus tuber 71

quercus tubicola, O.S... 60,250
quercus verrucarum, 0. S... 62

semiuator 69

Dasypogon discolor 74,226

Dectes sjjinosa 32

Dermestes lardarius, (larva) 28

Desmocerus elongatus, Bland 269

Diaperis hydni 26

Dicfelus dilatatus 46

elongatus 26, 31

ovalis 31, 186

politus 26

Dieerea spreta 74

Dineutes americanus 5

Distenia undata 74

Diurnal Lepidoptera of U. S. fig-
ured in Doubleday's Genera,
but uudescribed, by Wni. II.

Edwards 221

Dolopius oblongicollis 46

Donations to Cabinet, 2, 3, 4. 5, 27,
31, 41, 44, 73, 91, 103, 140, 145,
185, 190, 216, 220, 225, 238, 261,

264, 282
Donations to Librarj'', 2, 3, 4, 6, 25,
31, 41, 44, 74, 91, 104, 141, 146,
185, 193, 216, 220, 226, 239, 262,

265, 283, 348

Dorcaschema nigrum 46

Dorcatoma simile 266

Dorcus brevis 263

Doryphora triniaculata, (larva) 44

Drapetes geminatus 32

Dryocampa imiDcrialis 42

Dryopteris, Grote 345

marginata 345

rosea 345

Dynastes Tityus 46

Dysdercus luuulatus, Uhler 24

Dysodia margaritana, Clemens 137

Eburia? Vlke'u Bland 270

Edessa cruciata 23

378

Index.

Page

Elaphidion ( Stenosphenus ) nota-

tum 6

Elaphrus ruscarius 6

Elections of Corresponding Mem-
bers, 45, 74, 92, 104. 142, 146,

186, 193, 227, 264, 266, 284. .853
Elections of Resident Members. 3,

4, 27, 74, 91, 146, 193, 266, 2S4, 353

Endeeatomus rugosus 104

Epilaehna borealis, (larva) 125

Eriosoma? cornicola, Walsh 304

fungicola, Walsh 304

Eriphus Pearsalli, Bland 272

ruber 74

Eristalis trifaseiatus 74

Euchistus luridus 23

Eucmenidse of N. A., Catalogue of

the, by E. T. Cressou 327

Euderces pini 6

Euryomia fulgida 26

inda 42

Euura orbitalis, Norton 144

Evaniidse of N. A., Catalogue of,

by E. T. Cresson 204, 343

Exochilum fuscipennis, Norton 359

mundus 360

nigrovarium 359

tenuipes, Norton 360

Fenusa eurtus, Norton 199

Formica aphidioola. Walsh 310

latipes, Walsh 311

Formicidse of N. A., Catalogue of,

by E. T. Cresson 324

Fornax badius, (larva) 43, 112

orchesides, (larva) 114

Galgulus oculatus 104

Gaurotes abdomiualis, Bland 270

cyanipennis 31

Geopinus inerassatus 25

Geotrupes Egeriei 2

Glyptoscelis hirtus 31. 46

Gnorimus maeulosus 6

Goes debilis 220

pulverulenta, (larva) 43

I^ulverulentus 220

Gonocerus obliquus, IHiler 23

tristis 23

Grapta comma 182

fauuus 182

interrogatiouis 6

Page

Ilfemonia Melsheimeri 221

llaliplus americanus 5

Ilelichns fastigiatus 42

lithophilus 42

Heliothis armigera 347

umbrosus, Grote 219,347

Hellnomorpha latlcornis 6, 25, 26

Heraiptera. new species of. by P.

R. Uhler 21

Heterocera, Synopsis of Families
of, by Brackenridge Clemens.. 173

Heteropelma flavicorne 360

Hippodamia parenthesis 6. 104

Hololepta fossularis 46

Hybroma, CZemens (new gen.) 136

servulella, Clemens 137

Hydnocera verticalis f.S, 71

Hymenoptera, new species of, by

Edward Norton 198.

Hymenoptera of N. A., Catalogues

of, by E.T. Cresson 33, 202, 227, 316

Hypophlceus thoracicus 220

Hypulus trifaseiatus 220

Ibalia ensiger, Norton 200

IchneumonidsB of N. A., Catalogue

of the, by E. T. Cresson... 205, 343
Insect Architecture, importance to

Entomologists, by W. Couper.. 370

Lachnosterna brevicoUis 6

fusca 6

hirsuta 6

tristis 6

Lachnus caryse 303

Languria Mozardi 193

trifasciata 6

uhleri, Horn 188

Laphria glabrata 226

tergissa 226

Larridse of N. A., Catalogue of the,

by E. T. Cresson 237, 344

Lasiopteva reared from a gall on
the golden-rod, by Baron R.
Osten SackcTi 368

Lasioptei-a solidaginis. 0. *S^ 370

Lebia ornata 46

scapularis 26,46, 193

viridis 46

vittata 6, 46, 186

Lei)iiloptera of U. S., Additions to
the Catalogue of, by Aug. R.
Grote 218, 345

Index.

879

Page

Leptura nitens, (larva) 80

nitidicollis 188

rubrica 221

vittiger 270

Libellula Domitia 74

LithoeoUetis Juglandiella, Clemens

(larva) 81

Salicifollella, Clemens

(larva) 81

Lougicorn Coleoptera taken in the
vicinity of Philadelphia, Cata-
logue of, by J. H. B. Bland 93

Liidius attenuatus 46

Lycoperdina 265

angulata 6

Lyda abdominalis, Norton 199

fasciata, Norton 200

semicinetus, Norton 144

Lygaeus eurinus 23

geminatus 23

5-spinosus 23

Lyonetia speculella, Clemens 134

Macraulax tristis, Uhler 21

Margariuotus guttifer, Horn 187

Matus bicarinatus 26

Megapeuthes limbalis 46

Melitffia Anicia 223

Chalcedon 222

Micro-Lepidoptera of N. Am., by

Brackenridge Clemens 147

Micro-Lepidoptera, new species of,

by Brackenridge Clemens 131

Micro-Lepidopterous Larvae, Notes

on, by Brackenridge Clemens.. 75

Mierorhopala Xerene 32

Midas clavatus 226

Monocrepidius auritus 46

bellus 46

Mouilema laevigatum, Bland 267

subrugosum. Bland 268

Mutillidse of N. A., Catalogue of,

by E. T. Cressoii 322

Mycetophagus flexuosus 26

Mycetophilidas Characters of the

larvae of, by Banni R. Osten
Sacken 151

Mygale Hentzii 138

Myodites fasciata 42

Myzoxylus 303

Necrophorus velutinus 45 '

Page
Nepticula Amolancliierella, C'/ew-

ens, (larva) 84

anguiiiella, C/€W4. (larva) 85

l)ifascjella, Clemens 133

Carya^foliella, Clemeyis ,

(larva) 84

Crataigifoliella, Clemens,

(larva) 83

fuscotibiella, Clemens 133

Juglandifoliella, Clemens

(larva) 84

Ostryaefoliella, Clemens,

(larva) 83

Platanella, Clemens 133

Platanella, Clem, (larva) 83
platea, Clemens, (larva). 85
? Pruuifoliella, Clemens,

, (larva) 84

Rosaefoliella, CTe?7i(larv.) 85
saginella, C/eOTc/i5( larva) 85
villosella, CTe?«e?i.5(larva) 84
Virginiella, C/em.(larva) 83
miners of the Sycamore
leaf, by Brackenridge Clemens 149

Neuronea semifasciata 221

Nicagus obscurus 31, 217

Nisoniades juvenalis 6

Nomaretus imperfeetus 46

Notiophilus porrectus 2, 26

Oligomerus errans 42

Omophron americanum 6

Ophiou, Anomalon, Paniscus and
Campoplex, Catalogue of our
species of, by Edward Norton 357

Ophion bifoveolatus 358

biliueatus 358

cubensis, Norton 358

glabra tus 358

macrurum 359

purgatus 358

Opostega albogaleriella, Clemens.... 131
Ornix quadripunctella, CTc»i(larva) 86

Orthopleura tcxana, Bland 356

Orthostethus infuseatus, (larva).... 43

Osmoderma scabruin 46

Otidocephalus americanus 68

Oxyporus lateralis 45

major 45

Pachycoris dissociatus, Uliler 21

Paniscus chloris 364

380

Index.

Page

Paniscus geminatus 364

Panopoda Cressonii, Grote 346

Papilio asterias 26

Dannus , 278

glaucns and Papilio tur-
nus, are they the same

species? 265, 266, 349

glaiicus 265,266, 349

marcellus 26

philenor 26

troilus 26

turnus 26, 265, 266, 278, 349

Parandra brunnea, (larva) 43, 118

Pasimachus depressus 46

Pemphigus formicarius, Walsh 308

formicetorum, Walsh... 308

pyri 307

Pentatoma tristigma 23

variegata 23

Phanreus carnifex 31

Phylloxera caryse-globuli, Wahh .. 309

Platydema basalis 31

ruficornis 26

Platyphyllum concaviim 3

Platyiius (Agonum) octopunctata.. 6

Platypterix 346

tabula 346

foi-mula 345

genicula 346

Ploehiouus timidus 104

Podura uivicola 32

Polyommatus phleas 6

Pompilus formosus 138

Prionocyphon discoideus, (larva)... 115

Proctotrupidae of N. A., Catalogue

of the, by E. T. Cresson 232

Psarus quadrifasciatus 74

Psenocerus supeniotatus. (larva)... 122

Pterostichus lucublandus 6

Ptilodactyla elaterina, (larva).. 29, 109

Ptosima gibbieollis 46

Purpuricenus hunieralis 220.276

Pyrameis atalanta 6

Pytho niger 45

Eernbus laticollis 31

Eeport of Recording Secretary 8S. 279

Rhagium lineatura 6,30

trivittatum 270

Rhyssodes conjungens 42

Ripiphorus dimidiatu.s .12

Page

Saperda discoidea 74

Sarothrus? pisum, 0. S 59

Saturnia cecropia 26

luna 26

maia 46

polyphemus 26

Sciara toxoneura. 0.8 165

Schizoneura 303

Scoliadfe of N. A., Catalogue of the,

by E. T. Cresson 320

Serica iricolor 42

trochiformis 26

vespertina 6, 26

Sericomyia limbipennis 74

Sericosomus silaceus 46

Sinoxylon 29

batiilare, (larva) 29

Solenobia? "Walshella, Clemens 132

Sphegidee of N. A., Catalogue of the,

by E. T. Cresson 316

Sphyracephala brevicornis 26, 42

Stajahylinus maculosus 31

Stenolophus ochropezus 2

Stephanucha areata 0

Strategus A.ntwus 26,32

Strongylogaster multicinctus, JVbr^. 143

Synchroa punctata, (larva) 30

Synophrus? lajviventris, 0. S. 57

Tabanus lineola 226

Tabuda fulvipes 217

Tarantula, the, and its destroyer,

by S. B. Buckley 138

Temnochila virescens 46

Tenaga, C/emens (new gen.) 135

pomiliella, Clemens 136

Tent-building Ants, Remarks on,

by William Couper 373

Tenthrediuidaj, new species of, by

Edward Norton 143

Tenth redinidffi of N. A., Catalogue

of the, by E. T. Cresson 34, 341

Tenthredo ealifornicus, Norton 198

1 1-punctatus, Norton.... 143

Ternies cinereus, Buckley 212

flavipes 215

tubiformnn:*. Bucnlct/ 213

Termites, new species of, by S. B.

Buckley 212

Tetraopes canteriator 32

Thecla niphon 6

K II KATA.

Pit

^•2

2(i
29
32
3?.
33
35
42
43
4S
51
59
62
65

— o

( .1
7S
il3
100
124
131
138
131)
144
145
152
153
]54
15S
158
160
161
161
161
164
165
188
190
191
192
198
214
224
239
253
254
264
265
281
284
290

me
iiie
ine
iue
ine
ine
iue
ine

i I

S
6

l.'i IVdiii liottimi. r<>r (Jcotrnpus le.nl <ic(ifi»iHs.

II tViiiii liottuiu. iov Aniteles reud Annc/rs.

17 Irtnii to|i. I'or (ri.tti read irisfis.

S t'roui bottom, tor tf'ira-pHiicfiifn i.'ail fffnyj-}>i>rici(t/<i.
iVoiii toji. for pnii-pati read pair/Kur.
IVoin to|). for ennblc read caablcil.
from bottom, for hirfht read hcifjht.
from toji. for bases road basis.
ine 15 from bottom, foi- si/tioin/mcs read si/noni/ms.
ine 6 from top. for zanthufhorax read xan thothoruK.
ine 25 from top. for novemboraccnsis read noveboracensis.
ine 15 from top. for three eir/hts read three-eighths.
ine 20 from bottom, for Zeitchr. read Zeitschr.
ine 17 from top. for para.-^itica read parasitic.
ine 14-15 from top, for trocrhanter.'i read trothanteris.
ine 11-12 from top. for perrcptilbc read perceptible.
iue 11 ttl2 from bottom, for subensta read subcostal.
iue 15 from bottoni, for Clemen's read Clemens'.
iue IS from bottom, for Lcquiminnsce read Legumiiiosw.
ine IS irom top. for ('.s read are.
ine 17 from bottom, for Oliver read Olivier.
ine 8 from bottom, for tiba: read h7;«^.
iue 11 from top, for candulate read caudulatc.
iue 9 from top, for nrnericana read avicularia.
ine 5 from top, for desposition read deposition.
ine 9 & 11 from top. for luteus read lutc.ous.
ine 6-7 from bottom, for Brachi/dentera reail Brachi/deiitera.
iue 7 from bottom, for liiibatella read limbatella.
iue 2 from bottom, for /. 16 read /. 9.
iue 4 from top. for other read others.
ine 23 from top. tor was read ?/>cre.
iue 6 from bottom, for stigma read stigmata.
iue 23 from top. after the word motion add of.
iue 8 from top. for side read underside.
iue 13 from bottom, strike out laying.
iue 7 from bottom, for contined read continued.
iue 13 from toj), for Aas read have.
ine 17-18 from top, for pubesence read pubescence.
ine 16 from top. for ultimas read ultimis.
ine 13 from top, for fenereus read fiinereus.
ine 7 from bottom, for natata reail notata.
ine 12 from top. for Blata read Bhttta.
ine 19-20 from top. for C/_yM.s read Ch/tiis.
ine 12 from bottom, for suaface read surface.
ine 12 from top, for tJ0i7c< read violet.
ine 16 from top, for Atticus read Attacus.
ine 5 from bottom, for puberlent read pubcrulent.
ine 11 from top, for stobilnna read strobilana.
ine 3 from top, for London, of read q/" London.
ine 10 <t 11 from top, for Bands read Bd7ide.
ino 6 from top, for virture read virtue.
iue 19 from top, for Cowper read Couper.

ino 12 from bottom, for two-eights and six-eights read two-eighths and si.v-
eighths.

Index.

3S1

Page

Thecla smilacis fi

Thelaxes ulmicola 305

Thyreodon morio 359

Timetes Coresia 224:

Toxotus eylindricollis 46

trivittatus 270

vittiger 46

Trichius bibens 46

Trichodes apivorus 46

Trichotaphe alacella, Clemens 132

flavocostella, Clemens. 131

Triplax frontalis, Horn 188

thoracica 26

Tritoma biguttata 42

iinicolor 74

Trogosita marginata,, Horn 187

Trupanea qiiadrata 221

Page

Trypopitys sericeus 42

Uroceridse of N. A., Catalogue of

the, by E. T. Cresson 39, 342

Vanessa autiopa 6

orythia 74

Vespidee of N. A., Catalogue of the,

by E. T. Cresson 33(1

"Winter Collecting, by H. T. Fay... 194

Written Communications, 2. 5, 6.
25, 27, 31, 32, A2, 45, 46, 74, 91.
104, 141, 146, 1S6, 193. 217. 220,

226, 263, 265, 284, 348, 349

Xiphydria attenuatus, Norton 144

Xyela tricolor, Norion 144

Zenoa picea, (larva) 107

Zicrona exapta 23

marginella 23

splendida, Wthr 22

C H A. E T E E,

AND

BY-LAWS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OP

PHILADELPHIA.

PHILADELPHIA:

PRIISTTEX) FOR. TKE SOCIETY.

1862.

CHARTER

OP THE

iT

entomoloCtIcal society

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

Whereas, it is represented to the Legislature that a number of persons
have formed a Society in Phihidelphia, by the name of " The Entomolog-
ical Society of Philadelphia," for the improvement and advancement of
Entomological Science and the investigation of the character and habits of
insects, many of which in their ravages are destructive of the products of
agriculture, and in order that the purposes thereof may be carried into
better effect,

Therefore,

Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it
is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That Jamas Ridings,
Thomas B. Wilson. William S. Wood, Charles Wilt, Thomas Cox, Thom-
as B. Ashton, John Pearsall, Louis Schneider, James W. M'Allister,
William Wolter, James H. B. Bland, Robert Jack, Charles J. Wood,
Greorge Newman, Ezra T. Cresson, John Meichel, Henry Feldman, Wil-
liam Evett, Samuel H. Shinn, George Hill, William Wenzel. William
Kay, J. Frank Knight, Henry Hike, Joseph Dunkerley, Hugh Dunbar,
William S. Pine, Louis C. Gropengeisser, John Knight, F. Englehardt,
Theodore Bunte, James H. M'Farlaud, William S. Ballantine, George H.
Horn, Horace B. Mitchell, James H. Smith, Charles A. Blake, James D.
Dowling, Robert Nuttel, Samuel Lewis, Jacob J]nnis, William Lumbry,
Thomas Daly, Jr., William A. Royal, J. D. Wingate, Daniel Wiest, George
Hewston, Charles F. Parker, Robert Frazer, John M'Meichel, George W.
Gallierd, Edgar Cowan, Joseph Moore, Jonathan Roberts Tjowrey. Joseph
Rex, William F. Smith, Peter C. Shannon, G. W. Wimley, and such other
persons as now are or hereafter may become Members of said Society,
agreeably to its rules and regulations, shall be and they are hereby consti-
tuted and created a body corporate, by the name and title of • The Ento-

inological Society of Philadelphia," and by the above uame the said Cor-
poration shall have perpetual succession, have a common seal, with power
to change the same, shall be able to make contracts and capable in law
and equity of purchasing, receiving, holding and conveying all estates,
real, personal or mixed, for the use and benefit of the said Corporation,
and that may be required for the above purposes: Provided^ That the
clear yearly value or income of the said estate, shall not at any time exceed
the sum of five thousand dollars.

Section 2. That the said Society shall consist of Members resident
and corresponding, who shall be elected upon such terms and under such
regulations as the Society shall determine; but the right of voting, hold-
ing office and transacting business, shall be confined solely to resident
Members.

Section o. That the officers of the Society shall consist of a Presi-
dent, a Vice-President, a Corresponding Secretary, a Recording Secretary
and a Treasurer, whose respective duties shall be determined by the Society,
and for that and all other purposes, the said Corporation shall have the
power to make and adopt any By-laws, and to establish and put in execu-
tion all such Regulations for the government or management of the said
Society, as shall be deemed expedient and not inconsistent with the Con-
stitution and liaws of the United States, and of the Commonwealth of

Pennsvlvania.

JOHN ROWE,

Speaker of the House of Eepresentatives.

L. W. HALL,

Speaker of the Senate.

Approved the eleventh day of April. Anno Domini, one thousand eight

hundred and sixty-two.

A. G. CURTTN.

Office ok the Secretarv of the Commonwealth.
Pennsylvania, ss. Harrisburo. April, 19th. 1862.

I do hereby certify, that the foregoing and annexed is a full, true and
correct copy of the original x\ct of the Greneral Assembly, entitled " An
Act to incorporate The Entomological Society of Philadelphia," as the
same remains on file in this office. In testimony whereof, I have hereun-
to set my hand, and caused the Seal of the Secretary's Office to be affixed,

the day and year above written.

SAMUEL B. THOMAS, [ l. s.]

Deputy Secretary of the Commonvvpaltli.

BY-LAWS

OF THB

ENTOAIULOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

PHILADELPHIA.

CHAPTER I.

x\rt. T. The Society shall be called The Eutomulogical Society of
Philadelphia, and is instituted foi" the improvement and advancement of
Entomological Science, and the investigation of the character and habits
of Insects.

Art. II. The Society shall consist of Members resident and corres-
ponding.

Art. III. The right of voting, holding office and transacting business,
shall be confined solely to resident Members ; corresponding Members have
the privilege of attending the meetings, and taking part in scientific dis-
cussions.

Art. IV. The common seal of the Society shall be the title of the
Association, surrounding the words "Founded 1859" -'Incorporated 1862,"
with a figure of Dynast es Tityus and the motto "Festina lente" occupying
the centre.

Art. V. The Society shall grant to each Member resident and corres-
ponding, a Certificate of Membership, as follows : —

The Entomological Society of Philadelphia has elected
a Member of the Association, this day of A. D.

Corresp. Sec. President.

[ L. S. ]
Becwd. Sec. Vice-President.

Art. VI. The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President, a
Vice-President, a Corresponding Secretary, a Eecording Secretary, and a
Treasurer, who shall be elected annually on the second Monday in Decem-
ber.

CHAPTER II.

MEMBERS, RESIDENT AND CORRESPONDING.

Art. I. All candidates for admission into the Society as resident Mem-
bers, must be proposed and vouched for in writing by two Members, who
shall be required to have some personal acquaintance with the person they
propose, and shall also be required to state the character, profession, quali-
fications and usual place of residence of the candidates. All propositions
for resident Membership must be made at a Stated Meeting, and be ballot-
ed for at the next Stated Meeting, the affirmative votes of three-fourths of
the Members present, shall be necessary to elect a candidate.

Art. II. All propositions for admission into the Society as correspond-
ing Members, must be made in writing by two Members at a Stated Meet-
ing, and be balloted for at the same Meeting, the affirmative votes of a
majority of the IMembers present, shall be necessary to elect a candidate.

Art. III. No person residing in Philadelphia, unless he be an officer
of the Army or Navy, can be elected a corresponding Member, nor shall he
continue as such after he shall have removed permanently to Philadelphia,

Art. IV. No person shall be entitled to the privileges of oMembership,

until he shall sign the following obligation : —

In becoming a resident Member of The Entomological Society of Philadelphia,
I promise to conform myself to its Charter, By-laws and Regulations, and in testi-
mony thereof I do hereunto subscribe my name.

Art. V. Every proposition for resident Membership must be accom-
panied by the fee of Initiation, which, in case of non-election or withdraw-
al, shall be returned to the proposed ; but if any Member elect shall not
sign the above obligation within six months fi-om the date of his election
into the Society, the fee of Initiation shall be forfeited, and the election
become void.

Art. YI. If any person shall be balloted for and rejected, or his name
withdrawn previous to the ballot, no note of said rejection or withdrawal
shall be made on the Minutes of the Society.

CHAPTER III,

CONTRIBUTIONS.

Art. I. The Initiation fee for resident Members shall be one dollar.
Art. IT. Every resident Member shall be subject to a semi-annual con-
tribution of fifty cents. payal>1e to the Treasurer in June and December.

Art. III. No i)ecuniary contributiou shall be rc((uired from corrc^poml-
ing Members.

CHAPTER IV.

RESIGNATION AND EXPULSION OF MEMBERS.

Art. I. Any Member shall have leave to resign, on giving notice there-
of in writing, provided, he produces a certificate from the Treasurer, that
all arrears due from him to the Society have been discharged, and provid-
ed also, that there be no charge pending against him.

Art. II. Members may be expelled from the Society for any flagrant
act of disrespect to the Society, its Officers or Members, or for wilful dis-
regard of the Charter, By-laws and Regulations.

Art. III. No Member shall be expelled from the Society, unless three-
fourths of the Members present agree thereto, at least ten Members being
present, and then not without having an opportunity of being heard in
his own defence.

Art. IV. No person thus expelled, shall, under any circumstances, be
received as a candidate for re-election.

CHAPTER V.

DUTIES OP OFFICERS.

Art. T. The duties of the President shall be, to preside at all meetings
of the Society, he shall preserve good order and decorum, regulate debate,
nominate the chairman of all Committees, and call special meetings of the
Society, at such times as he may deem it necessary, or at the request of
any three Members in writing.

Art. II. The duties of the Vice-President shall be the same as those
of the President, during his absence.

Art. III. The duties of the Recording Secretary shall be, to take and
preserve correct Minutes of the proceedings of the Society, to read all
communications made by resident Members, to notify all resident Members
of their election, and all Committees of their appointment, to keep a cor-
rect list of the resident Members of the Society, with the date of their
election, resignation or death, and to lay before the Society, on the sec-
ond Monday in December, a written report of its transactions during the
preceding year.

Art. IV. The duties of the Corresponding Secretary shall be, to main-
tain the correspondence of the Society, to acknowledge all donations made

8

by those who are uot Members, to notify all correspondiuii' Members ol"
their election, and to keep a correct list of all such elections, with the dates,
also, of any resignations or deaths that may occur ; he shall keep correct
copies of all letters written by him on business of the Society, and lay
before the Society, on the second Monday in December, a written report of
his transactions during the preceding year.

Art. V. The duties of the Treasurer shall be, to take charge of the
funds of the Society, and to attend to the collection and payment of mon-
ies; but uo monies are to be paid by him, except on an order from the
President, attested by the Recording Secretary ; he is to keep a clear and
detailed statement of all receipts and expenditures, which is to be laid be-
fore the Society, on the second Monday in December of each year.

CHAPTER VI.

COMMITTEES.

Art. I. There shall be nine standing Committees, viz. : 1, the Com-
mittee on Coleoptera; 2, on Lepidoptera; o, on Neuroptera and Orthop-
tera; 4, on Hemiptera and Aptera; 5, on Hymeuopteraj 6, on Diptera;
7, on Library; 8, on Publication; and 0, on Collecting Fund: each to
consist of three Members, who shall be elected, annually, on the second
IMonday in December.

Art. II. In appointing all other Committees, the President shall nomi-
nate the first Member of it, who is to nominate the second, the second a
third, and in like manner successively, until the number agreed upon
be complete.

Art. III. All Committees must report in writing, and every report
must be signed by a majority of the Committee.

CHAPTER VII.

CABINET.

Art. I. The keys of the cases containing the Collection, shall be kept
by the Members of the Committees attached to the different Departments,
who alone shall have the liberty to open the cases, and shall be responsi-
ble for all specimens committed tu theii- charge,

Art. ]I. All specimens in the Cabinet must be properly classified as
far as possible, and a coi'rect catalogue of the specimens in each depart-
ment, kept by the Committee in charge of said Department, who shall re-
port, annually, on the second Monday in December.

9

Art. 111. No specimen or .speoiniens of Eiitomolony contained in the
Collection of the Society, shall be loaned from the Hall, under any pretence
or for any purpose whatever.

Art. TV. Should any one be desirous to inspect more closely the speci-
mens in the Collection, for the purpose of study or description, he must
apply to the Members of the Committee on that Department.

Art. V. No specimens will be received on deposit ; but all specimens
contained in the Collection, are considered the property of the Society.

Art. VI. The Committees shall superintend the exchange of duplicates
(which must be, in all cases, for the benefit of the Cabinet) ; but before
exchanges are made, the Committee shall see that four specimens of each
species are resei'ved for the Cabinet, all over that number may be consid-
ered as duplicates.

Art. VIT. The Cabinet of the Society shall be open, to the study and
inspection of the Members, on every Monday evening from 7 to 10 o'clock.

CHAPTER VIII.

LIBRARY.

Art. I. The Library shall contain only books having reference to Ento-
mology, and no books presented to the Society, shall be loaned from the
Hall under any pretence or for any purpose whatever.

Art. II. Books deposited in the Library shall, at all times, be at the
command of the depositor, and none shall be loaned from the Hall, unless
with his written consent.

Art. III. The Committee shall have possession of the keys of the
1 library, it shall keep a correct catalogue of all books deposited or pi'esent-
ed to the Society, and shall be responsible for all works committed to
its charge, and shall report, annually, on the second Monday in December.

Art. IV. The Library shall be open to the Members, for inspection and
reference, on every Monday evening from 7 to 10 o'clock.

CHAPTER IX.

PUBLICATI'^>N.

Art. I. x\ll written communications intended for publication, read be-
fore the Society, shall be referred to special Committees, who are to report
thereon at the Stated Meeting next succeeding thcii appointment.

10

Art. II. All such commuuications become the property of the Society,
and shall be deposited in its Archives after publication ; a copy, however,
of any paper read before the Society, may be taken by the author ; but
all written communications which shall not be accepted for publication,
may be returned to the author if requested.

Art. III. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Publication to re-
ceive all such papers as have been accepted for publication by the Society ;
to have them published as early as possible, and to follow in the publica-
tion, as far as practicable, the order in which they have been reported on,
and also to publish such abstracts of the Records of the Society, as may
be of general interest.

Art. IV. The Committee shall be responsible for the cost of publica-
tion, it shall keep a correct account of its money transactions, receiving-
all monies arising from the sale of the Proceedings &c., and paying all
bills for publishing the same, these having been first approved of by a
majority of the Committee, and if the expenses exceed the receipts, they
shall themselves make up the deficiency. A report of the transactions
of the Committee, shall be made annually to the Society, on the second
Monday in December.

CHAPTER X.

COLLECTING FUND.

Art. I. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Collecting Fund to
endeavour to raise such funds as will enable it to send out Collectors ; and
for the purpose of purchasing such collections of insects as may tend to
enhance the value of the Society's Cabinet.

Art. II. All subscribers to be entitled to a share of such insects as
may be purchased ; the rules to regulate the distribution of the insects, to
be made by the Committee.

Art. III. The Committee shall make an annual report to the Society
on the second Monday in December.

CHAPTER XI.

meetings.

Art. T. The Stated Meetings of the Society shall be held on the second
Monday evening of each month, at such hours as may be fixed from time
to time by the Society.

11

Art. II. Special Meetings of the Society may be called by the Presi-
dent whenever he may deem it necessary, or at the request of any three
Members in writing.

Art. III. Seven Members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction
of business.

Art. IV. The order of business at Stated Meetings shall be as follows :

1. Minutes of last Stated Meeting shall be read.

2. Reports of OiBcers and Committees.

3. Donations to Cabinet.

4. Donations to Library.

5. Written communications.

6. Verbal communications.

7. Unfinished business.

8. New business. "^

9. Proposals and Election*.
10. Adjournment.

CHAPTER XII.

Art. I. In case of the dissolution of the Society, a meeting of the
resident Members shall be called to decide upon the disposition which
Bhall be made of its property.

Art. II. In all such points of order as are not noticed in these By-laws,
the Society is to be governed by £he established usages of similar Institu-
tions.

Art. III. Every proposition to alter or amend these By-laws, shall be
submitted in writing at a Stated Meeting and acted upon at the next Sta-
ted Meeting, and if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the
Members present, it shall become a part of these By-laws; provided, that
at least ten Members be present at each of the readings.

Art. IV. No one or more of these By-laws shall be suspended.

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PROCEXT SOC.l'niL VOLT

PLATE II

PliOr. EXT. SOC. PHILAT). VOL. L PLATE Ilf.

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NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

The .second year of the "Proceedings" terminates with the present
number, which completes the 1st vokime. It being desirable that the
termination of a Volume should coincide with the close of the year, the
2ud volume will terminate with December 1804, and will be published
on the following terms : —

For Members (Resident and (Corresponding).

.84 cts in advance from March to December I8O0.
$1.00 " for the year 1864.

For the Public, $1.25 '" from March to December 1803.

$1.50 •• for the year 1864.

In future the price of Volume 1, will be $2.00 for Members, and
$3.00 for the Public.

In consequence of the increased cost of paper and steadily increasing
number of pages published, postage will not be prepaid in future, on
copies sent through the Mail. Subscribers who wish to continue on the
above terms, are requested to remit to the Corresponding Secretary of
the Society, No. 518 South loth Street, Philadelphia.

In the present state of activity in the Scientific World, it is important
that the Student should receive scientific periodicals as soon after their
publication as practicable; arrangements have therefore been made, by
which, the Society will receive without delay the Publications of most
importance to its Members. Under these circumstances the Publication
Committee will discontinue, with the present number, the system of making
Exchanges.

March 1st, 1863.

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