$¢PhytoKeys PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 Research Article A new species of genus Chiloschista (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Sumatra Island, Indonesia Destario Metusala'2© 1 Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), JI. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia 2 Purwodadi Botanic Garden, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) JI. Raya Surabaya-Malang km.65, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia Corresponding author: Destario Metusala (metusala.destario@gmail.com) OPEN Qaceess Academic editor: Timothée Le Pechon Received: 30 September 2024 Accepted: 24 December 2024 Published: 12 February 2025 Citation: Metusala D (2025) A new species of genus Chiloschista (Aeridinae, Vandeae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Sumatra Island, Indonesia. PhytoKeys 252: 65-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/ phytokeys.252.138190 Copyright: © Destario Metusala. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). Abstract Chiloschista tjiasmantoi, anew species of epiphyticleafless orchid from the northernmost region of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, is described and illustrated. The flower of this new species is morphologically close to C. javanica, but differs in having oblong-obovate petals, narrowly oblique oblong side lobes with truncate to obtuse apex, and a different shape of lip sac. Key words: Aceh, leafless orchid, morphology, Southeast Asia Introduction The Indonesian archipelago is known to be one of the most important orchid diversity hotspots in the world, and it continues to generate new species discoveries, which indicates that there are still many potential areas that need to be explored (e.g., Metusala 2017a; Metusala and Supriatna 2017; Metusala 2019a, 2019b; Metusala and O'Byrne 2020; Saputra et al. 2020; Metusala et al. 2021; Metusala 2024). Recent botanical explorations in Indonesia have usually focused on a few popular, orchid taxa, while groups such as mycoheterotropic and leafless orchids have been comparatively neglected, presumably due to their less attractive habitus, often cryptic growth habit and small flower size (Metusala and Supriatna 2017; Metusala 2020a; Suetsugu et al. 2021; Panday et al. 2022). The leafless orchid genus Chiloschista Lindl. (1832: 1522) was established in 1832 with C. usneoides (D.Don) Lindl. (1832: 1522) as its type, and there are now 30 accepted species distributed from the Indian subcontinent through to Southeast Asia and Australia (Dalstrom and Kolanowska 2020; POWO 2024). In previous treatments, the genus was classified under various subtribes, such as Sarcochilinae (Schlechter 1926), Aeridinae (Dressler 1993), and Phalaenop- sidinae (Szlachetko 2003). However, recent phylogenetic studies showed that Chiloschista is a monophyletic genus, clustered with Phalaenopsis, within the subtribe Aeridinae of the tribe Vandeae (Zou et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2023). 65 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Species of this genus are characterized by monopodial growth, typically as epiphytic or lithophytic herbs. Plants are often seen as a cluster of numerous terete or flattened photosynthetic roots that radiate from a very short stem. Chiloschista flowers are either ephemeral or last up to several days, 3-lobed, saccate or spurred, and usually have a thickened hairy internal callus. Their columns are subterete and short, but have a rather long foot. The anther caps have 2 filiform setae and 4 pollinia in 2 closely appressed pairs (Cockburn et al. 1985; Chen and Wood 2009; Wood 2014; Dalstrom and Kolanowska 2020). Prior to this article, Indonesia has 4 accepted species: C. javanica Schltr. (1919: 275) is recorded only from Java Island; C. phyllorhiza (F.Muell) Schltr. (1921: 492) is distributed across Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and Sulawesi; C. taeniophyllum (J.J.Sm.) Schltr. (1921: 492) is endemic to Maluku (Ambon Island and Banda Islands); and C. treubii (J.J.Sm.) Schltr. (1921: 492) that is also endemic to Maluku (Seram Island and Wokam Island of the Aru Islands Regency) (POWO 2024). There is no prior record of any Chiloschista species from Sumatra, Borneo, and New Guinea Islands. During a botanical inventory conducted by the author in 2019, several living specimens of Chiloschista were found growing on semi-open coffee plantation close to the forest in Aceh Province, in the northernmost region of Sumatra Island. Chiloschista roots usually turn darker when wet and look like the col- or of tree bark, which makes them difficult to find, such that their small but bright flowers are often important to their detection. Several plants, including individuals with flowers, were collected as herbarium and living specimens for Purwodadi Botanic Gardens in East Java. Further observations of the flowering specimens found that this taxon represents an undescribed species with flow- er characteristics morphologically similar to C. javanica and C. sweelimii. Here | describe it as a new species, as well as the first record of this genus on Suma- tra Island. A key to the five species of Chiloschista in Indonesia is also included. Materials and methods Morphological measurements were conducted with aloupe and aruler accurate to 0.5 mm. Environmental data were collected using thermohygrometer and lux-meter. The specimens were also compared with closely related species (C. javanica and C. sweelimii). Observation and morphological studies have been done by examining the relevant literature sources, illustrations, living and herbarium specimens, and photographs. These literature sources included protologues and descriptions of the relevant taxa: C. javanica (Smith 1905a), C. sweelimii (Teck 2016), C. taeniophyllum (Smith 1905b), C. treubii (Smith 1912), and C. phyllorhiza (Mueller 1866; Smith 1939). Photographs were taken with a Sony DSC-W70. Detailed morphological observations were conducted using stereomicroscope Olympus SZX7 with camera EP50. Terminology for morphological description follows Harris and Harris (2001). Conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List Category and Criteria. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) were estimated based on GeoCAT (https://geocat.iucnredlist.org/). Six specimens of Chiloschista sp. from Aceh were used for examinations (RIO 9117; 9178; 9119; 9121; 9123; 9124). PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 66 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Additional examined specimens 1. Chiloschista sweelimii. MALAYSIA * Malay Peninsula; Lim, S.L. s.n.; K 000891272 + Malay Peninsula; Ong FRI 75458 (KEP). 2. Chiloschista javanica. INDONESIA * Java; Docters van Leeuwen s.n., L 1500077 * Java; leg. ign. s.n.; L 0264545 » Java; Docters van Leeuwen 2402; BO 0057026 + Java; Docters van Leeuwen 2402; BO 0057027 « Java; leg. ign. s.n.; BO 0057030 * Java; Docters van Leeuwen s.n.; BO 0057031 + Java; Docters van Leeuwen s.n.; BO 0057037 « Java; leg. ign. s.n.; BO 0057038. Taxonomic treatment Chiloschista tjiasmantoi Metusala, sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77356634-1 Figs 1A, B, 2, 3, 4B, E Type. INDONESIA * Sumatra: Aceh Province, c. 900 m, RIO 9778 (holotype, BO!) (detailed localities are not shown here for conservation purpose). Diagnosis. Chiloschista tjiasmantoi is morphologically similar to C. javanica, but differs in having oblong-obovate petals (vs. broadly elliptic to ovate petals), narrowly oblique oblong side lobes with truncate to obtuse apex (vs. relatively straight triangular side lobes with obtuse apex), a lip sac that has a “V” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrow angle of about 45—50° (vs. a lip sac that has an “L’ shape in longitudinal section view with a wide angle of about 90°), and a very narrow cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip (vs. a rather broad cavity). Description. Epiphytic herb. Roots numerous, spreading, terete to slightly flattened, 2.0-3.5 mm in diameter, greyish-green when wet and becoming gray- ish-white when dry, grow radially from a short stem as the central, and mature individuals can grow elongated to reach more than 30.0 cm. Stem reduced, very short, erect, simple 2.0—4.0 mm long, up to 3.0 mm in diameter, densely covered with dry stem bracts. Stem bracts are triangular active, and persistent, and en- circle the stem tightly. Leaves one or two, 4-7 mm long, deciduous, unseen in cultivation. Inflorescence axillary, arising among the roots gap, pendulous, up to 31.0 cm long in total, peduncle c. 2.0 mm in diam. near base, terete, densely cov- ered with short white hairs, purplish near base and becoming purplish green to- ward apex, sometimes branched at the base, up to 30 flowered per rachis, flow- ers arranged spirally in a slightly zig-zag pattern and open simultaneously, each flower can last up to 5 days; flower bracts triangular, 2.0-3.0 mm long x 1.5- 2.0 mm wide, acuminate to caudate, pubescent, greenish and soon becoming brown when old. Pedicel and ovary about 2.0 mm long, terete, brownish-green to purplish-green, covered with whitish hairs. Flower rather thin-textured, 1.0- 1.2 cm high x 1.0-1.2 cm wide, open widely, sepals and petals yellowish cream or yellow with orange or reddish spots, labellum yellowish cream with reddish or orange spots on their sac, column yellowish green with orange tinge on its foot. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, 5.0-6.0 mm long x 4.0 mm wide, obtuse to rounded, both surfaces pubescent. Petals oblong-obovate, 5.0-6.0 mm long x 3.0-4.0 mm wide, truncate to rounded, both surfaces pubescent. Lateral sepals PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 67 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Figure 1. Chiloschista tjiasmantoi sp. nov. (A, B) and Chiloschista javanica (C, D) A inflorescence B flower, oblique view. C flower, front view D flower, oblique view. Photos by Destario Metusala. obliquely oblong-elliptic, 6.0 mm long x 4.0-—5.0 mm wide, obtuse, both surfaces pubescent. Lip immobile, minutely papillose externally, 3-lobed, deeply saccate, indistinctly canaliculated ventrally, 2.8-3.2 mm long, 4.0-4.5 mm high (from side lobes apex to basal part of sac), 2.0-2.5 mm wide at front; side lobes erect to slightly curved inwards, obliquely oblong to rather falcate, c. 2.0 mm long x c. 1.5 mm wide near base and narrowed gradually to about 1.0 mm near apex, apex truncate to rounded, yellowish cream with red streaks on internal surface; front lobe subtrapezoid, short c. 1.0-1.5 mm x 1.5 mm, apex truncate to slightly emarginate, curved; sac ovate to subrectangular from front view, “V” shape in longitudinal section view, 2.0—2.5 mm long x 2.0-2.3 mm wide, apex truncate or retuse or slightly bilobed, yellowish cream with pale reddish or pale Orange spots on external surface around the apex; callus a fleshy thickening PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 63 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Figure 2. Chiloschista tjiasmantoi sp. nov. A habitus with inflorescence B flower, natural shape, front view C flower, natu- ral shape, oblique view D dorsal sepal, flat shape E petal, flat shape F lateral sepal, flat shape G column and foot, oblique view H column and foot, front view I column and lip, side view J pollinia K stipe and viscidium L lip, above view M lip interior, back view. Line drawing by Destario Metusala from R/O 9778. arise from basal to middle of the internal front wall, split into two oblong hairy callus that rises up to sac opening, creating a small narrow cavity between apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip; column short 1.5- 2.0 mm long (excluding the anther cap), foot about 2.2—-2.5 mm long; anther cap cucullate, yellowish or cream, c. 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm; pollinarium two unequal globose on a narrowly linear to triangular stipe, yellow. Fruit not seen. PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 69 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Figure 3. Chiloschista tjiasmantoi sp. nov. Flowering plants in situ. Photos by Alfajaruddin. Distribution, habitat and phenology. Based on the existing data, the distribu- tion of Chiloschista tjiasmantoi may be restricted to Aceh Province, the most northern part of Sumatra Island. This new species is currently only known from five locations in two different regencies at elevation ranging from 700-1000 m. The populations of this species were mostly found growing epiphytically on old coffee trees (Coffea spp.) and shade trees (Leucaena spp.) in the local coffee plantations, together with Vanda pumila (Orchidaceae), in a windy and semi-opened wet habitat with medium sunlight intensity. Flowering recorded in mid-July, early November to late December. Etymology. The specific epithet “tjiasmantoi” honors Wewin Tjiasmanto, the chairman of Tjiasmanto Conservation Fund and a philanthropist concerned with the Indonesian plant conservation. Cultivation. Chiloschista tjiiasmantoi seems rather difficult to cultivate at low- er elevations (300 m. a.s.l). However, it was successfully grown by attaching it to a slab of tree fern with a top dressing of moss to prevent the roots from drying out, under a light intensity of about 30-75% with good air circulation and humidity levels of about 80% or more. Discussion. This new species is morphologically similar to C. javanica (Fig. 1C, D, 4C, F) and C. sweelimii (Fig. 4A, D). However, there is a geographical separa- tion among these three species. C. tjiasmantoi is thus far only recorded from Aceh Province, the northernmost region of Sumatra Island; C. sweelimii occurs in the Malay Peninsula and Vietnam, and C. javanica is endemic to Java Island. Chiloschista tjiasmantoi differs from C. javanica in having narrower ob- long-obovate petals, narrowly oblique oblong side lobes with truncate to obtuse apex, a lip sac that has a “V” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrow angle of about 45—50°, a narrow cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip. Meanwhile, C. javanica has broadly elliptic to ovate petals, relatively straight triangular side lobes with obtuse apex, a lip PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 70 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) = ANN 4 S ee a Figure 4. Lip of three Chiloschista species A C. sweelimii, natural shape, front view B C. tjiasmantoi, natural shape, front view C C. javanica, natural shape, front view D C. sweelimii, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view E C. tjiasmantoi, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view F C. javanica, longitudinal section, flat shape, side view. A and D redrawn after Ong Poh Teck in Teck (2016). Drawn by Destario Metusala. sac that has an “L’ shape in longitudinal section view with a wide angle of about 90°, and a rather broad cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe of the lip. Furthermore, C. tjiasmantoi differs from C. sweelimii in having sepals and petals with hairs on both sides, oblong-obovate petals, a broadly oblong-elliptic dorsal sepal, basal front lobe without any callus, an ovoid to subrectangular PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 7 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) lip’s sac from front view with a truncate to slightly bilobed apex, and an oblong fleshy thickening that arises from basal to middle of the internal front wall. This thickening then divides into a 2-lobed hairy callus that rises near the sac opening, creating a cavity between the apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe. In contrast, C. sweelimii has sepals and petals with hairs only on their adaxial surface, ovate to orbicular petals, an ovate dorsal sepal, basal front lobe with large callus on either side (each c. 1.5 x 1.0 mm), a triangular shaped lip’s sac from front view with pointed obtuse apex, and the absence of prominent internal callus inside the lip’s sac (Teck 2016). A comparison be- tween the new species and its morphological allies is shown in Table 1. This new species will be the fifth Chiloschista species in Indonesia, and the first record of this genus on Sumatra Island. With the exception of C. phyl- lorhiza, the species are endemic to the country and appear to have restricted distributions. Although the flowers of some species appear nearly identical in appearance, the internal structure of the lip can be very different, which sug- gests this would be a good key character for further identification of this genus (Gyeltshen et al. 2019; Dalstrom and Kolanowska 2020). A deeper investiga- tion into its floral morphological variation needs to be carried out in the future, as this is essential to support species delimitation of Indonesian Chiloschista (Metusala 2020b; Metusala et al. 2020). Conservation. Chiloschista tjiiasmantoi was recorded from five locations in Aceh Province. Based on currently available data, the Extent of Occur- rence (EOO) of this species is 117.01 km? with user-defined cell width = 2 km (criterion B1: < 5,000 km?) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) value of 20.00 km? (criterion B2: < 500 km’). Their natural habitat is threatened by land conversion, especially from large-scale coffee plantations. Existing popu- lations were estimated to be less than 2,500 mature individuals (s 250 in most subpopulations) where they mostly found attached to the branches of coffee trees and its shade trees (Leucaena spp.). Unfortunately, coffee plantations provide a vulnerable habitat for this new orchid species as they can be pruned or cut down at any time. Moreover, many coffee farmers believe that this orchid is a harmful parasitic plant and eradicate them by clearing the coffee branches from any epiphytic plants. This species has also been found traded on domestic online platforms as an ornamental or- chid, although currently in small quantities as its habit and small flowers are considered less attractive to Indonesian hobbyists. In many cases, un- sustainable commercial harvesting may have a significant impact on the vi- ability of wild orchid populations (Hinsley et al. 2018). Therefore, | consider this species to likely be in the Endangered category B1 and B2+ab (i,ii,iii,iv), C2+a (i) (IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria). It has been well-documented that ecosystems in the highland of Aceh Prov- ince are severely affected by climate change, particularly through increased temperatures (Schroth et al. 2015). This could also have a major impact on various sensitive plant species, such as many highland epiphytic orchids, in- cluding natural populations of Chiloschista tjiasmantoi. Therefore, conserva- tion-based researches are needed to determine the vulnerability of these spe- cies to climate change-related pressures, especially drought stress (Al Farishy et al. 2017; Arimy et al. 2017; Metusala 2017b; Metusala et al. 2017; Suffan et al. 2021; Ishmah et al. 2021; Trimanto et al. 2023). PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 79 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Table 1. Morphological comparison among the new species and its allies. Characters Flower colour Dorsal sepal Lateral sepals C. tjiasmantoi Metusala Sepals and petals yellowish cream or yellow with orange or reddish spots, lip yellowish cream with reddish or orange spots on their sac and side lobes with pale reddish orange stripes Oblong-elliptic, 5.0O-6.0 mm long x 4.0 mm wide, obtuse to rounded, both surfaces pubescent but abaxial with shorter hairs Obliquely oblong-elliptic, 6.0 mm long x 4.0-5.0 mm, obtuse, both surfaces pubescent but abaxial with shorter hairs C. javanica Schltr Sepals and petals yellowish cream or yellow with orange or reddish spots, lip white or cream with pale reddish or orange spots on their sac and side lobes with pale reddish orange stripes Elliptic, 5.0—6.0 x 3.0-3.5 mm, obtuse to rounded, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial with scattered shorter hairs Elliptic, 4.0-5.0 mm x 3.0-3.5 mm, obtuse to rounded, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial with scattered shorter hairs C. sweelimii Holttum Sepals and petals yellow with orange-brown blotches, lip white on their sac and side lobes with reddish-orange stripes Ovate, 5.0-6.0 x 3.5-5.0 mm, obtuse to acute, only adaxial surface pubescent Broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, 5.0- 6.0 x 3.5-5.0 mm, obtuse to acute, only adaxial surface pubescent Petals Oblong-obovate, 5.0-6.0 mm long x 3.0-4.0 Broadly elliptic to ovate, 4.0-4.5 x 3.0-3.5 mm, Ovate-orbicular, 4.0-5.0 x 3.0-4.5, mm wide, truncate to rounded, both surfaces obtuse to rounded, adaxial surface pubescent, obtuse, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent but abaxial with shorter hairs abaxial with scattered shorter hairs pubescent Side lobes Obliquely oblong, slightly falcate, c. 1.5 mm wide Triangular, relatively straight, c. 1.9 mm wide at Obliquely oblong, slightly falcate, c. at base and narrowed gradually to about 1.0 mm base and narrowed gradually to about 0.8 mm 2mm wide at base and narrowed near apex, truncate to obtuse near apex, acute gradually to about 0.9 mm near apex, acute to obtuse Front lobe Broadly subtrapezoid, short, c. 1.0-1.5 x 1.5mm, | Broadly subtrapezoid, short, c. 1.0-1.5* 1.5mm, | Broadly triangular, short, c. 2.0 x 1.0 apex truncate to slightly emarginate, curved, base | apex truncate to slightly emarginate, curved, base mm, apex retuse, base with large without any callus without any callus callus on either side (c. 1.5 x 1.0 mm) Lip’s sac Ovate to subrectangular from front view, forming Subrectangular from front view, forming an “L’ Triangular from front view, forming a a “V" shape in longitudinal section view with a shape in longitudinal section view witha wider — “V” shape in longitudinal section view narrower angle (45—50°), c. 2.0-2.5 x 2.0-2.3 angle (90°), c. 2.0-2.3 x 2.7-3.0 mm, apex retuse | with anarrower angle (45—50°), c. mm, apex retuse to slightly bilobed 4.0-5.0 x 3.0-3.5 mm, apex obtuse Internal lip’s An oblong fleshy thickening arises from basal to | A large and high oblong fleshy thickening arises Internal callus absence sac ornament | middle of the internal front wall, split into 2 lobed | from basal to middle of the internal front wall, split hairy callus that rises to sac opening, creating a small narrow cavity between apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe into 2 lobed long protruding hairy callus that rises to sac opening, creating a cavity between apex of the hairy callus and the thick curved front lobe Key to the species of Chiloschista in Indonesia 1 Roots very flattened with a glabrous inflorescence’s peduncle.................. 2 - Roots more or less terete with a hairy inflorescence’s peduncle............... 4 2 Sepals and petals narrowly elliptic, the lip’s sac conical with pointed apex duis se Ace oe gaa eteetcacee neaSlet Lact tee aitanyieea tettatenad Rcenaaeiet Lae eran C. taeniophyllum —- Sepals and petals broadly elliptic, the lip’s sac hemispherical with rounded OTSHGMUY- DIO BEM AD OK Sasess srs he Nh tacos fb en Ae eaten eck atrasredhede On vasdeetes 3 3 _Lip’s sidelobes obliquely quadrangular with sac apex rounded....C. treubii - Lip’s sidelobes oblong with sac apex slightly bilobed .......... C. phyllorhiza 4 _Lip’s sac has a “V” shape in longitudinal section view with a narrow angle OL aNGUPAS SSO F, Male sie, heen oot ee tet sean Ks C. tiasmantoi - Lip’s sac has an “L’ shape in longitudinal section view with a wide angle of LOUIE Oe site SE LSA. oe Meee ketenes then ote fe Rea tr ero Shea ears eens C. javanica Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Tjiasmanto Conservation Fund for providing sup- port to the project, to Windra Suffan, Alfajaruddin and Muhammad Thamrin for their assistance during the field study and for permission to use their photos; to Ong Poh Teck at the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) for providing a revised description of Chiloschista sweelimii, to Stig Dalstrom for providing information of C. /unifera and C. trudelii, to Angga Mahardika for his excellent work in cultivating orchid plants at Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, and to Jacob Phelps for his valuable comments to improve the manuscript. PhytoKeys 252: 65-76 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.138190 73 Destario Metusala: A new species and new record of the genus Chiloschista (Orchidaceae) Additional information Conflict of interest The author has declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Funding Tjiasmanto Conservation Fund and Rumah Program OR Hayati dan Lingkungan BRIN. Author contributions The author solely contributed to this work. Author ORCIDs Destario Metusala © https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-1883 Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text. References Al Farishy DD, Nisyawati, Metusala D (2017) Characterization anatomical leaf blade five species Nepenthes from Kerinci Seblat National Park, Kerinci regency, Jambi Province. 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