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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOLUME XXXVII,' 1926 - / <f 2. 7
JAMES RIDINGS 1803-1880
PHILIP P. CALVERT, PH.D., Editor E. T. CRESSON, JR., Associate Editor
HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus
ADVISORY COMMITTEE :
EZRA T. CRESSON J. A. G. REHN
PHILIP LAURENT H. W. WENZEL
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.:
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES LOGAN SQUARE
1926
The 'several numbers of the NEWS for 1926 were mailed at the Post Office at Philadelphia, Pa., as follows:
No. 1— January January 7, 1926
" 2— February January 29
'• 3 — March March 4
" 4-April April 1
" 5— May April 29
" 6— June June 4
" 7— July June 29
" 8— October October 15
" 9 — November Novembers
The date of mailing the December, 1926, number will be announced on the last page of the issue for January, 1927.
.BY, 1926
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXVII
No. 1
JAMBS RIDINGS 1803-1880
CONTENTS
(Junder — Several New Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) . Knight— Descriptions of Four New Species of Plagiognathus from the
Eastern United States (Hem., Miridae) McAtee- Notes on Nearctic Hemiptera A Collecting Trip for South American Lepidoptera . Editorial — A Suggestion for Subject Indexes Prof. Strand's Bibliographical Entomological Dictionary Weiss— A Few Additions to the Diptera of New Jersey. Personal Mention . Entomological Literature Snodgrass— Review of Dytiscus Marginalis ; Obituary— Henry W. Wenzel
Franz Friedrich Kohl
Dr. Walter David Hunter
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, Logan Square
Entered fit the Philadelphia, Pa., Post Office as Second Class Matter. Acceptance for mailing at the special rate of postage preset bed for in Sf;ctw»«. Act of October 3, 1917, autha'iied January 15, ic>ai
9
17
is
19
42
n
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
published monthly, excepting August and September, by The American Entomological Society.
Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., Associate Editor ; Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII.
Plate I.
\ f
13c
I3b
13
13a
NEW ABERRANT RHOPALOCERA-GUNDER.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOL. XXXVII JANUARY, 1926 No. 1
Several New Aberrant Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera).
l!y I. I). (irxi)KR, Pasadena, California.
(Plate I.)
1 understand that several well known collectors will soon publish descriptions of their aberrant butterflies. Lepidopterists will be interested to know just what some of these primal forms in the rarer species look like and to note how their lineage is portrayed by the character of their change. For example, com- pare the aberrant secondaries of Fig-. / with those of Fig. 8 on Plate I. These are closely related Melitacas. The allied /•'itp/iydryus group rarely have this type of maculation contour. The secondaries of the above compared specimens represent the style of their aberrants which is furthest possible from nor- mal. It is well known that aberrations run from a degree near normal to a fixed amount furthest possible from normal. This fixed amount does not necessarily mean totally melanism nor
-> J
completely without color maculation. Each genus has a fixed maculation beyond which its aberrants do not go. Fig. 1 shows the final stage of that butterfly. I believe Fig. 7 represents the limit of aberrancy in its species. Intermediate degrees of aber- rant variation can be named provided each step is obvious and does not encroach on the other. Of course slight variation be- tween degrees should never be named. An attempt has been made in this paper, in conjunction with the descriptions, to state or fix the aberrant degree of each specimen named. It is hoped that this will help to establish rank and order among future specimens as they are described.
It selected aberrations of all species in a genus could be placed side by side, it would perhaps prove or disprove' gvneric placing and certainly rearrange the order of the species in some genera. As yet, too few aberrations have' been described and, what makes the task more difficult is that, too few have
2 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '"26
been figured in conjunction with their descriptions. An old Chinese saying goes — "One look is worth a thousand words." Authors contemplating describing their aberrations might do well to remember this proverb. Clear black and white cuts are good.
The specimens on this -plate are slightly reduced in size. Their colors are normal.
1. Euphydryas, nubigena Behr., var. beani Skin (half- fig, la), ab. c? blackmorei nov. aberr. (fig. 1).
Upper side. Primaries : entirely black, excepting row of red normal spots at outer margin and mere traces of several white spots remaining from second row following ; two red cell spots conspicuous. Secondaries : black as in primaries with marginal row of red spots followed by row of four smaller red spots ; no white maculation : single small red spot at end of cell.
Under side. Primaries : band of red at outer margin ; fol- lowed by a band of black of equal width ; followed by a parallel row of five white spots in red fused over with black, all midway between costal and inner margins ; darker black basal and cell areas with outstanding red cell spots. Secondaries : maculation of outer half somewhat normal with more black suffusion through the cell and basal areas.
Aberrant grade and decree: melanic ; final, (fully melanic).
Data: Holotype c?, (Author's Coll.), Mt. Cheam, British Columbia, Canada. August 3, 1903. Expanse : 45 mm.
Mr. E. H. Blackmore, Victoria, B. C., Canada deserves to have this wonderful little black aberration named after him.
2. Melitaea pola Bdv., var. arachne Edw. (half-fig. 2a), ab. c? polingi nov. aberr. (fig. 2).
Differs from typical specimens on the upper side of the primaries in having a broad black band extending from the costal to the inner margin. The exterior margin of this band follows the contour and includes that third row of black ex- curved line maculation typically found on normal specimens. Its interior margin starts near the base on the inner margin ex- tending up and around the cell to the costal margin, the inter- ruption of the cell causing the band to be narrow near this part. ( ^i the under side, this band is represented by a series of ir- regular interspace black spots across the wing. The secondaries are normal on both upper and under sides.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; first, (primaries black banded).
Data: Holotype c?, Expanse: 33 mm., (Author's Coll.), White Alts. Arizona, August, 1925.
Named for Mr. O. C. Poling, Laguna Beach, California.
3. Melitaea wrighti Erhv. (half-fig. 3a), ab. <3 carolynae nov. aberr. (fig. 3).
Upper side. Primaries : black and red ground color in un- changed position ; conspicuous for lack of all white maculation which becomes black, excepting that of first row near outer margin which remains only as white dots, entirely unrimmed by black. Secondaries : ground color entirely jet black ; remains of four smaller white spots left midway from first row normally found at outer margin.
Under side. Primaries : basal and discal areas red, lacking all white maculation ; single row of indistinct submarginal white spots in red through limbal area entirely lacking those ex- terior black borders found in normal specimens ; heavier black along costal and inner margins, being more pronounced at both outer angles. Secondaries : all margins deeply bordered with black, leaving central disk area only, streaked through inter- spaces with white ; mere black line marking position of former transverse white spotted black band ; several small white marks at extreme base.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; final?, (secondaries final).
Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 36mm., (Author's Coll.), Mint Canyon, Los Angeles County, California, Alay 5, 1925.
I take pleasure in naming this exquisite little wighti aberra- tion in honor of Dr. Carolyn Comstock of Los Angeles, Cali- fornia.
4. Euphydryas rubicunda Hy. Edw. (half-fig. 4a), ab. d albiradiata nov. aberr. (fig. 4).
Upper side. P>asal and cell areas of primaries and second- aries more darkly marked ; immediately beyond these darker areas are white rays extending through interspaces to original submarginal row of white spots, an extra row of fused white spots not found on normal specimens, is hen- noticeable nearer the apex on the primaries; the white rays are not so noticeable
4 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
on the secondaries and do not extend out to the row of white spots.
Under side. Same changed condition prevails with white rays more pronounced.
Aberrant grade and degree: albinic ; first, (white-rayed).
Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 38 mm., (Author's Coll.), Loyal- ton, Sierra County, California, July 19, 1922.
Note: Similar to Dr. J. A. Comstock's ab. umbrabasana of En ph. sierra Wright.
5. Euphydryas perdiccas Ed\v. (half-fig. 5a), ab. c? nigri- supernipennis nov. aberr. (fig. 5).
Upper side. Primaries : entirely black, except for normal red border at outer margin and two red cell spots which remain as in typical specimens. Secondaries : outer row of white spots partly suffused with black, otherwise normal.
Under Side. Primaries : outer row of white maculation some- what reduced and white streaks at end of1 cell absent, otherwise red and black as usual. Secondaries : slight black suffusion over submarginal lunate spots, otherwise normal.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic ; first, (primaries final). Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 40 mm., (Author's Coll.), Chil- cotin, British Columbia, Canada, July 17, 1915.
6. Euphydryas taylori Edw. (half-fig. 6a), ab. ? victoriae nov. aberr. ( fig. 6).
Upper side. Primaries : outer marginal row of red spots normal; followed by a band of black of equal width; followed by a full series of white streaks completely filling" interspaces to cell and outer basal line just below cell, black veining pro- nounced, these white interspaces cut midway transversely by a thick black line ; base and cell area black, except for the two normal red cell spots. Secondaries : base and cell area dark with no white marks; outer half maculation somewhat suffused, left wing more darkly suffused.
Under side. Base and cell areas as on tipper side ; both wings broadly streaked with white through interspaces as on upper side primaries, these interspaces cut midway by a narrow band of faint red edged with black; row of red spots at outer margin normal, but black band following" becomes a black line.
Aberrant grade and degree: albinic; first, (white streaked).
XXXVJi. '26 1 KXTOMOLi KilCAI. NFWS
Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 39 mm., ( Author's Coll.), Vic- toria, British Columbia, Canada, April 4, 1921.
Note: This aberration closely resembles ab. fieldi of Eupli. editlia. It helps ])rove that edltlui and taylori are correctly placed in our Check Lists.
7. Melitaea acastus Ed\v. ( half-fig-. 7a), ab. ? pearlae n<>v. aberr. ( fig. 7).
Upper side. Primaries: fine submarginal black line found in normal specimens here becomes quite broad at apex tapering off at inner angle ; followed by a very wide immaculate area of yellow-brown, only cut by thin black veining lines through limbal and discal areas, to cell and basal areas which areas remain normal ; a semblance of lighter yellow shading marking position of former second row of darker yellow roundish spots ; small pointed black area extending down from costal margin between terminals of subcostal nervule 3 and 4 to upper radial. Sec- ondaries: black line at base of fringes normal : fine subma-i'-'iv'l black line lacking, being replaced by a narrow band of yellow cut by veins; followed by a wider band of black; followed by a series of roundish yellow spots which correspond in shape and location to those normally found in the second row; entirely black from here on through the discal and basal areas, except- ing for a reniform yellow spot at extremity of cell which spot is slightly larger on normal specimens.
Under side: Primaries: as on upper side, excepting no pointed black area on costal margin; central area shading to white near submarginal black line and shading to clear yellow through cell and base which lack usual variegated markings. Secondaries: outer bands of yellow and black as on upper side; fi>l lowed by a very broad band of white to cell and basal areas which are checkered yellow and black, the yellow being in nor- mal position, while that of the black occupies all former white locat'ons.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic : final.
Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 40 mm.. (Author's Coll.), Casa Diablo Hills, Mono County, California, June 23. 1«>25. Para- type 1-?. (Geo. Malcolm Coll.). same locality June 24 1921
Xamed for Mrs. Pearl .Malcolm who with her son, Ceo. Mal- colm, have found so much new butterfly material in the high Sierra Mountains.
6 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
Note: The paratype is identical in design and marking with the type.
8. Melitaea palla Bdv. (half-fig. 8a), ab. ? blackmorei nov. aberr. (fig. 8).
Upper side. Primaries: red-brown spots at outer margin slightly wider, otherwise normal; followed by a sinuated band of black replacing original submarginal row of lunate yellow spots; followed by a complete series of rather larger reddish- yellow spots which become clearer yellow at costal margin; followed by a similar row whose spots opposite cell are elongated ; base and cell areas broadly suffused with black, only deeper reddish maculation remaining. Secondaries : black and red-brown only with no intermediate yellow shades ; border at outer margin as in primaries; row of five red-brown spots from anal angle reaching up to upper radial, repeating those darkest red spots found on normal specimens ; single red-brown spot at extremity of cell as in normal specimens.
Under side. Both wings quite aberrant. Outer red margins wider; immediately followed by a complete series of intense black lunate spots replacing and repeating the white ones of normal specimens ; immediately followed by a broad white central band, slightly red clouded, more so on primaries, to an outer thin black base line; base and cell areas uniform red- brown, except for a small irregular black spot at extremity of cell on primaries and on secondaries four black spots replacing and duplicating the white spots found there on regular speci- mens.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; ?, (secondaries final).
Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 43 mm., (Author's Coll.), Lytton, British Columbia, Canada, July 4, 1922.
Named for Mr. E. H. Blackmore, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Note: Melitaea palla, ab. c? -icardi Obthr. lias been nicely illustrated on both upper and under sides. The specimen is only slightly aberrant (possibly a melanic first degree only) com- pared with the one above described. It lacks a few transverse lines on upper side primaries and has a black band across disk- on secondaries. I believe a study of this specimen, now in the I>arnes Collection, will place it as an aberrant of whititcyi Bi-hr.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 7
9. Brenthis epithore Bdv. (half-fig. 9a), al). V obscuri- pennis nov. abcrr. (fig. 9).
Upper side. Primaries : entirely fogged over with dark shad- ing, obscuring and submerging maculatinn, especially on tin- inner half with cell quite dense where only a single yellow-brown spot shows ; normal row of round black spots indistinctly visible. Secondaries : outer half normal ; confused yellow-brown macula- tion of inner half externally edged by black shading which ex- tends also along the costal margin, basal area quite dark.
Under side. Primaries: outer half confused yellow-brown only, shading to bluish near apex; inner half a yellow-brown submerging black macnlation, basal area intense black. Sec- ondaries: outer half normal, but faded in color; inner half red-brown and yellow-brown duplicating upper side maculation.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic ; unknown, (well clouded over).
Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 44 mm., (Author's Coll.), Chil- colin, British Columbia, Canada, May 30, 1915.
Mote: ab. Mi^'onae lacks row of round black spots of sec- ondaries, with those on primaries obsolete. It has no melanic shading.
1(J. Brenthis myrina Cram, (half-fig. lOa), ab. c? serrati- marginata nov. aberr. (fig. 10).
Upper side. Primaries : normal, except at outer margin which is black, lacking submarginal row of small yellow dots, also the maculation is somewhat less heavy over the entire wing. Secondaries : margin black with row of yellow spots obsolete, it^ interior edge joins through the interspaces with the row of round black spots giving the entire black outer margin a ser- rated appearance; less maculation towards base with bn^al area well suffused with black.
Under side. Primaries;: normal. Secondaries: marginal dark markings connected as on upper side; basal area entirely silvered.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; first, (marginal black- spotting joined).
Data: Holotype c?, Expanse 36 mm., (Author's Coll.). Yer- non, British Columbia, Canada. August 12, 1904.
Note: This specimen is slightly rubbed, but in it enough to hinder a first degree aberrant description.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
11. Heodes cupreus Ethv. (half-fig. Ha), ab. V maculinita nov. aberr. (fig. 11).
Similar to ab. fasciata Stkr. of Heodes hypophlaeas in having the black spots elongated inwardly through their interspaces. This tendency has always been more noticeable on the primaries. Seldom is the maculation of the under side affected.
Aberrant grade and decree: melanic ; first, (black spots elongated).
Data: Holotype ?, Expanse 28 mm., (Author's Coll.), Mam- moth, Mono County, California, July 12, 1920. Paratype 1-?, (Geo. Malcolm Coll.), same date and place.
Note: An aberrant cupreus has been taken at Mammoth which is identical with hypophlaeas. I believe it only suggests an atavistic tendency towards the parent Eastern race and that hypophlaeas cannot be therefore recorded from the \Yest. However, it proves the necessity of noting aberrants in order that ancestry may be tentatively traced.
12. Plebeius icarioides Bdv. (side-fig. 12a). ab. J1 spini- maculata nov. aberr. (side-fig. 12).
Upper side. Normal.
Under side. Primaries : inner row of black spots elongated through their interspaces towards base ; starting with an abrupt outside bottom edge, as formed by their original shape, they taper inward to sharp points, as defined by their respective in- terspaces ; they appear thornlike or spinelike in shape. Sec- ondaries : normal.
Aberrant grade and degree: melanic; first, (black spots elongated).
Data: Holotype c?. Expanse 30 mm., (Author's Coll.), Delta, Trinity County, California, May 22, 1925.
Note: icarioides from Northern California appear to have a whiter ground color than those from the South. This speci- men was taken by Mr. Sternitzky of San Francisco.
13. Parnassius clodius Men., var. baldur Edw. (part-fig. 13a), ab. <$ binigrimaculella nov. aberr. (fig. 13).
Primaries: Normal as in typical baldnr.
Secondaries: two spots black, smaller and with no red centers
xxxvii, '26 1 ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS 9
showing' on either tipper or under sides. \Yhat ub. )ii^t r \\ right is to siniiit/icus, so is this aberration to c/odiiis. Fig. 13d shows Wright's ab. niger of suiinthcits.
Aberrant ^rudc (tin! decree: albinic ; first, (black spots with- out red ) .
Data: Holotype <$, Expanse 59 mm., (Author's Coll.), Gold Lake, Sierra County, California, July 14, 1922.
Xotc: Order in degrees of aberrancy is nicely shown as follows :
Fig. 13a is typical clodius baldur.
Kig. 13 is above described specimen; 1st degree.
Fig. 13b is ab. immaculata Skin., secondaries without spots; 2nd degree.
Fig. 13c is ab. lorqulni Oberth., lacking the second black band on primaries ; 3rd degree.
EXPLANATION OF PL-ATE I.
The numbers of the figures on this plate correspond to the numbers placed in front of the species in the text.
Descriptions of Four New Species of Plagiognathus from the Eastern United States (Hem., Miridae).*
By HARRY H. KNIGHT, Ames, Iowa. Plagiognathus atricornis new species.
Color aspect of chrysanthcmi Wolff, but distinguished by the pale pubescence and black antennae.
c?. Length 3.5 mm., width 1.2 mm. Head: width .77 mm.. vertex .27 mm.; eyes prominent, black. Rostrum, length 1.17 mm., just attaining posterior margins of intermediate coxae. greenish yellow, apex black. Antennae: segment 1, length .24 mm.; IT, 1.07 mm.; Ill, broken; uniformly black, narrow tip of segment I pale. Pronotum : length .54 mm.; width at base 1.03 mm.
Color pale greenish testaceous, pronotum distinctly green. calli yellowish; hemelytra somewhat translucent, membrane and veins uniformly pale fumate, anal area slightly darker border- ing vein, a small whitish opaque spot lying just outside apex of larger areole. Clothed with simple, pale yellowish puhe-
* Contributions from the Department of Zoology and Entornoln Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.
10 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '26
cence, embolar margins and lateral margins of pronotum set with dusky to fuscous pubescence. Leg's pale, femora and tibiae with black spots nearly identical witii chrysanthemi, pubescence pale yellowish, tibial spines black.
?. Length 3.4 mm., width 1.34 mm. Head: width .67 mm., vertex .31 mm. Antennae: segment T, length .24 mm.: II, 1 mm.; Ill, .66 mm.; IV, .34 mm. !;<>rm and coloration simi- lar to the male.
Holotypc: <3. July 26, 1918, Point Trevioton, Pennsylvania (J. G. Sanders) ; author's collection. .-Illotypc: same data as type. Paratypc: ?. taken with type.
Plagiognathus carinatus n. sp.
Suggestive of annuhitns L'hler but with rostrum shorter, also the yellowish femora somewhat obscured with fuscous on apical half yet not forming a distinct line above and below ; left genital clasper with dorsal angle distinctively carinated along anterior margin.
3. Length 4.2 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .79 mm., vertex .31 mm.; black, vertex yellowish. Rostrum, length 1.28 mm., just attaining posterior margins of intermediate coxae, black, segments two and three sometimes brownish. Antennae : segment I, length .27 mm., black, narrow apex pale; II, 1.11 mm., brownish to black, black at base; III, .74 mm.; IV, .37 mm. ; last two segments yellowish to dusky. Pronotum : length .64 mm., width at base 1.28 mm.
General coloration dark brownish black, base of cuneus somewhat translucent but not distinctly pale ; femora pale to yel- lowish and provided with a double row of black spots on anterior face nearly as in anniilatus Uhler, but hind femora obscured with dusky on apical half, with a subapical black spot above although never forming a distinct black line above and below. Dorsum clothed with simple, golden yellow pubescence, nearly as in anmtlatus. Left genital clasper distinctive, the dorsal angle being deeply impressed and distinctly carinated along anterior margin, terminating above in a rather blunt point, before which arises a single, rather long bristle-like hair.
$. Length 3.8mm., width 1.57 mm. Head: width .74mm.. vertex .34 mm.; antennal segment II, length .97 mm. Very similar to the male in pubescence and coloration although antennal segment II more yellowish in middle.
Holotypc: <$ June 2, 1917, Dewitt, Virginia (H. IT. Knight) ; author's collection. Allot yj^c: same data as the type. Para-
xxxvii, '26] ENTOMOI.OC.ICAI. \K\VS 11
types: 10 <$ 5 $, taken with types mi persimmon 1 1 iiospvras virginiaiui) where the species was evidently breeding. 1'ara- types deposited in Cornell rniversity collection and Iowa State College collection.
In my key to the species of Plagiognathus in the "1 Ic-miptera of Connecticut," carinntiis runs to rcpclifus Knight, from which it may he separated by the double row of prominent black spots on anterior face of hind femora, also by the larger size. Some specimens of carinatus have antennal segment IT more yellowish than black, and such individuals will run to punctatipes Knight, in my key to the species of Flagiognathns. These species may then be separated by the relative length of antennal segments as compared with the haul. In the male of carinatus the lengtb of antennal segment II is equal to the width of head across eyes plus the width of vertex, while in the male of piinciatipcs the length of segment II is distinctly less than width of head plus width of vertex. In the female carinatns the length of antennal segment II is greater than width of head across eyes plus the dorsal width of an eye, while in the female pwnctatipes the length of segment II is less than width of head plus dorsal width of an eye.
Plagiognathus dispar Knigbt.
This species was originally described as a variety of puncia- tipcs Knight, but more recent examination of the genital characters under the high power binocular microscope reveals a distinct difference in structure of the left genital clasper. In punctatipes the dorsal projection of the left clasper takes the form of an incurved acuminate claw, while in dispar the dorsal angle of left clasper is distinctly impressed and w'lh anterior margin carinate much as in carinatus.
Plagiognathus inopinus n. sp.
This species runs to punctatipcs and dispar in my key to tin- species of Plagiognathus in the "Hemiptera of Connecticut." but differs from both in that antennal segment 11 is equal to (?), or greater than (c?) width of pronotum at base.
cT. Length 4 mm., width 1.4 mm. llead: width .77 mm., vertex .34 mm. Rostrum, length 1.6 mm., reaching upon middle of posterior coxae, yellow, basal and apical segments becoming fuscous. Antennae: segment 1. length .Jd mm.,
12 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS |Jail., '26
black, apex slenderly pale ; II. 1.26 mm., yellow, narrowly dusky or fuscous at base; III, .80 mm., yellowish to dusky: IV, .43 mm., dusky. Pronotum : length .60 mm., width at base 1.17 mm.
Dark brownish black, moderately shining, clothed with simple, yellowish pubescence ; base of vertex pale to yellowish, lateral margins of mesoscutum yellowish, cuneus narrowly pale at inner basal angle, the extreme apex of embolium also pale ; membrane fuscous, somewhat paler on middle, veins and bor- dering apex of cuneus pale. Legs pale yellowish, femora with black spots similar to dispar but the tibia with much more prominent black spots at base of spines.
5. Length 3.8 mm., width 1.4 mm. Head: width .71 mm., vertex .36 mm. Antennae : segment I, length .24 mm. ; II, 1.11 mm., yellow, narrowly fuscous at base; III, .66 mm.; IV, .40 mm. Pronotum: length .57 mm., width at base 1.11 mm. Very similar to the male in pubescence and coloration.
Holotype: <$ June 27, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Cham- plain), on Sycamore; author's collection. Allotypc: same data as type. Paratype: d1, taken with the types.
Plagiognathus intrusus new species.
In my key this species runs to politus Uhler, but differs in the shorter rostrum and larger size ; size and coloration sug- gestive of anmilatus LThler, but differs distinctly in the short rostrum.
c?. Length 4.75 mm., width 1.7 mm. Head: width .86 mm., vertex .40 mm. Rostrum, length 1.31 mm., barely extending over posterior margin of sternum or to middle of intermediate coxae, blackish, segment three and apex of two yellowish. Antennae : segment I, length .39 mm., black, .extreme apex pale; II, 1.42 mm., black; III, 1.12 mm., yellowish to fuscous; IV, .63 mm., fuscous. Pronotum : length .68 mm., width at base 1.38 mm.
General coloration nearly as in politits Uhler, but the pubescence yellowish; size and form very near that of uinut- Id t us Uhler, but differs in the short rostrum and black femora.
Holotypc: <S July 31, 1920, Cranberry Lake, New York (C. J. Drake) ; author's collection. Paratypcs: 2<3, ?, July 3. 1904, McLean, New York (Cornell University Collection) ; these
specimens somewhat teneral.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XE\\ .- 13
Notes on Nearctic Hemiptera.
By W. L. MC.ATEE, I'. S. P>i< (logical Survey. \Vashington, I). C.
The following notes comprise extensions of knowledge of ih • range, and other interesting data relating to a variety of nearctic Heteroptera and Homoptera. They result from mis- cellaneous work on the collection of the I/. S. Xational Museum but do not imply a systematic inspection of the collection for other similar material.
PENTATOMIDAE.
NEZARA VIRIDULA var. TOROUATA Fabricius. — The present note is merely for the purpose of pointing out that this variety is the subject, there unnamed, of an article by Thos. H. Jones, entitled "A peculiarly marked adult of Nczara riridula L. (Hemin.r (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 22. No. 7. Oct.. 1920, pp. 171-172, 1 fig. The specimen Mr. Jones refers to was col- lected in Louisiana, and the form has been elsewhere recorded from that and other southern States.
ELASMOSTETHUS ATRICORNIS Van Duzee. — Found breeding on Aralia spinosa at Mt. Calvert, Maryland, September, 1920, by Messrs. H. S. Barber and William Palmer. The species has been recorded from Ouebec, New York and Indiana, a range1 to which the present record adds a considerable southward extension. It is worthy of note that at this most southern point in its known range, the insect was found feeding oji a plant which there approaches its northern limit.
ALCAEORRHYNCHUS GRANDIS Dallas. — Brownsville, Texas. Jan. K), 1923. T. C. Barber. Previously recorded, from
Florida.
COREIDAE.
LEPTOCI.OSM-S <;ox \<;R \ Fabricius. — I'rownsvilK1, Texas. Aug. 10, 1922, T. C. I '.arbor. Previously recorded from Florida.
S. \virs jckciosrs Stal. — I.rownville. Texas. Jan. 18. 1()23. T. (\ Barber. Hitherto unrecorded from the l/nited States.
LEPTOCORIS TRIVITTATCS Sav.-— In further illustration of the
14 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jail., '26
eastward trend of this species, it may be noted that in recent years several specimens have been collected in the district of Columbia and vicinity.
Til. \UMASTOTHERIIDAE.
Apparently the genus) Thaumastocorls should be known as Thaumastotherium. Kirkaldy proposed1 the latter name on pages 777-778 of the article in which it appears and used it in combination with that of the genotype, Thaiiniastotheriiini australlcum new species (p. 778, Bundaberg, Queensland). The illustrations (PI. 43, figs. 1-3) of the insect, however, are labelled Thaiunastocoris anstralicus, and an inserted slip of Corrigenda makes a corresponding correction to the text. Thaumastotherium does not seem to be preoccupied, the descrip- tion has page priority over the Plate, and the Corrigenda necessarily are subsequent to the pages they are intended to correct. Since the International Code provides : "Art. 32. — A generic or a specific name, once published, can not be rejected, even by its author, because of inappropriateness," it would appear that Kirkaldy did not take effective steps to change the name and that Thaumastotherium should stand.
The only known nearctic representative of the family is Xylastodoris hit col its Barber2 described from Cuba. A record for the insect in the United States has been published :! but in a place where it is very likely to be overlooked. The locality at which . numerous specimens were collected is Coconut Grove,
Florida.
PYRRHOCORIDAE.
DYSDERCUS OBSCURATUS Distant. — Brownsville, Texas, Jan. 18, 1923, T. C. Barber. There seems to be no previous definite record for the United States.
NABIDAE.
METATROPIPHORUS BELFRAGII Renter. — This species seems rare and previous reports have all pertained to the Gulf States.
iKirkaldy, G. W., Memoir on a few Heteropterous Hemiptera from Eastern Australia, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, Vol. 32 (1907), March 11, 1<>08.
2Bul. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 15, No. 4. Oct. 1920, pp. 100-102.
3Moznette, G. F., Notes on the Royal Palm Bug, Quart. Bui. State Plant Bd. Fla., VI, No. 1, Oct. 1921, pp. 10-15.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 15
Material examined at the! National Museum, however, shows that the species ranges north to Maryland and Illinois.
MEMBRACIDAE.
CERESA BOREALIS Fairmaire. — Oregon, Uaker Collection; Yakima, Washington, M. A. Yothers. These collections extend northwesterly the recorded distribution of this species.
CERESA vm'Li/s Fabricius. — A specimen from the Ashmead Collection is labelled Jacksonville, Florida. It seems probable that something is wrong here; however, as noted under sub- sequent species there is evidence for the occurrence of neo- tropical membracids in Florida, that at least demands further earful investigation
ATYMNA CASTANEAE Fitch. — Received from Knox Dale, Pennsylvania, with the notation, "destroying leaves of maple and apple trees." This indicates what we may expect of this species that has been so largely deprived of its customary food plant by the chestnut blight.
MEMBRACIS MEXICAN A Guerin. — Two specimens from Ash- mead Collection, labelled Key West, Florida. ' Previously re- corded from California.
AETH ALIGN OUADRATUM Fowler. — A specimen from the Ashmead Collection ticketed Jacksonville is also labelled. Type, Polydontoscelis cinctifrons Ashmead. In the description of the. latter (Psyche, 8, pp. 387-388, July, 1899), the type locality is given as St. Nicholas, Florida. Regardless of possible errors in the locality labels, the specimen here cited doubtless serves to fix the identity of Polydontoscelis cinctifrons Ashmead, which the author compares with Aethalion in the original description.
CALLICENTKTS AURIFASCIA Walker. — Florida, Snow Collec- tion. This record from a different collection lends some support to the Ashmeadian records of neotropical Membracids from Florida. The probability that they may be verified is further indicated by the accepted Florida records of such species as Cercso patntcli.i Stal, .-lutiantlie c.rpansa dermar, and Um- bonia crassicornis Ainyot et Serville. Investigation of the status of these various forms as we'll as rediscovery of the
16 E.NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
Walker species from St. John River, are interesting lines of field research for Florida collectors. Dr. W. D. Funkhouser writes me "I see no reason to question the Florida record (Snow Coll.) for Callicentrus aurifascia Walker. This species was descrihed from Jamaica, is found in Cuba, and I should think might well be in Florida."
CICADELLIDAE.
EUSCELIS STACTOGALUS Fieber. — The taxonomic wanderings of this species have been discussed by Chris E. Olsen (Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 16, No. 2,! April, 1921, pp. 33-37) who mentions its occurrence in California, Texas, Missouri, New York and New Jersey. There may now be added Tempe. Arizona, May 24, 1923, E. Y. Walter and M. Martinez ; and Botanical Garden, Brooklyn, New York, July 12, 1921, S. E. Griffith.
FlJLGORIDAE.
ASARCOPUS PALMARUM Horvath. — Dr. F. S. Stickney sent in from Indio, California, May, 1923, ample material of all stages of an insect attacking the crown leaves of the date palm. It was recognized as an Issine of the tribe/ Caliscelini, and by good luck the description* of Asarcopus palmarum from crown of the date palm, Cairo, Egypt, was found. Our insect is undoubt- edly the same thing" introduced with the host plant. How long it may have been established in this country i? not known, but probably it was thriving here prior to the date it was first scien- tifically described from its native land.
A Collecting Trip for South American Lepidoptera. Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Porter and Mrs. Emma Young, Mrs. Porter's mother, were to leave Decorah, Iowa, on November 10, and New York on November 21, for Rio de Janeiro, where they should arrive December 3. After a month there they plan to go to Sao Paulo, where Dr. Bruno Pohl will meet them, thence to Santos, thence to Montevideo where they expect to be met by Dr. Florentine Felippone. About June 20, 1926, they hope to be at Buenos Aires. Their further itinerary includes Mendoza,
j
Santiago and Valparaiso, La Paz, Lima, Bogota and other points in Colombia. Mr. Porter expects to return to New York in April, 1927, the ladies having preceded him.
*Bul. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de 1'Afrique du Nord, 12, 1921, pp. 179-180.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., JANUARY, 1926.
A Suggestion for Subject Indexes.
Catalogs of species with references to the literature appertain- ing to them, bibliographies and abstracts are useful and often indispensable to the biologist, be he taxonomist. morphologist, physiologist, Geologist, or what not. A bibliography brings to- gether the literature on a given topic and, if approximately com- plete, lists all the papers of R. S. T. thereon. A bibliographical catalog of species gives the references to R. S. T.'s remarks on each of these species. Both this bibliography and this catalog repeat titles and references that have already been listed in the annual record, or summary, published for that science. Thereby arises repetition, republication, that means additional expense for printing, paper and shelf room. The catalog of species is to a considerable degree self-indexing as to topic. The bibliography is often incompletely indexed or not at all. Indexes to the literature of biology are quite as much needed as the other bibliographical aids referred to above. Can not useful indexes be provided with little republication of titles and references and hence with a minimum of expense?
Thus, suppose the topic be the physiology of the Malpighian tubes of the Itonididae. Under this heading we might find such entries as R.. R. S. 1857, pp. 603-627; C, A. V. 1841. pp. 3-6; IT., J. P. 1873a, pi). 10-37: X., L. F,. 1916, pp. 7-20. In each entry the names would be spelled out, not merely the initials given as here, or the dates in each case might come first, then the author's name and the entries be arranged chronologically, instead of alphabetically as above.
A preface at the beginning of this Index would explain that all dates previous to 1862 referred to papers in Hagen's Biblio- thcca Entomologica under the author and the date quoted ; dates subsequent to 1863, unless otherwise designated, referred to the given year of the Zoological Record, in which volume, in the Insect (or Diptera) section, one would find the paper here referred to. If there were several papers by the same author in the same year, then the paper would br designated by the appropriate letter of the alphabet (/, h. c. etc.. to show whether it was the first, second, third, etc., of that author's in that year.
17
18 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
In later volumes of the Zoological Record, where each title has a number, that number could be used, instead of these small letters. It might, or it might not, be 'desirable to give the page references.
Of course such an index could only be used by one having access to the Bibliotheca and the Record, but this disadvantage is hardly important enough to overbalance the great saving in expense in printing and in page space which this suggestion would accomplish.
Prof. Strand's Bibliographical Entomological Dictionary.
Science for November 20, states that the manuscript for this work, notice of which appeared in Science for November 7, 1924, page 431 [and in the NEWS for May, 1924, page 178 1. will be sent to the press during the Christmas holidays. Any entomologists or arachnologists who have not yet submitted a sketch of their lives are urged to do so without delay. Sketches may be sent direct to Prof. Embrick Strand, director of the Sys- tematic Zoological Institute, University, Kronvalda bulvars 9, Riga, Latvia, or Prof. H. P. K. Agerborg, James Milliken University, Decatur, Illinois, or Prof. C. L. Metcalf, Natural History Building, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, will forward such sketches.
A Few Additions to the Diptera of New Jersey.
While making with Mr. Erdman West, a plant and inject survey, during 1924, of a restricted area along the coast of New Jersey, one mile below Seaside Park, the following species, which are not recorded in Smith's "List of the Insects of New Jersey" (N. J. State Mus. Rept. 1909) were collected. Mr. Charles W. Johnson very kindly identified our canturt-s.
CHIRONOMIDAE: Ceratopogon levis Coq. May 29. Chirono- nius dti.r Johann. May 7.
BOMBYLIIDAE : Villa shaitn John. Sept. 20, Oct. 24.
EIMPIDAE: Endrapctis parricomls Mel. May 15. Cnlnbo- neura imisitata Mel. July 2.
PIPUNCULIDAE: Pipuncnlns scoparius Cress. May 15. 29, Sept. 8.
SARCOPHAGIDAE : Sarcophaga pachyprocta Park. May 15, Tune 16, July 15, August 20,' Sept. 8." S. bnllata Park. 'May 29, Sept. 26.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 19
SEPSIDAE: Sepsis si^nifcra Mel.-Spul. May 29, Oct. 24.
OSCINIDAE: Hi^clatcs snhi'itlcitiis Mall. June 16,' July 2, 15, August 5, Sept. S, 26. Chlorous iufcf/ni Heck. Sept. 8. Botanobia dorsalis Lw. June 16. July 12. B. inrlancliolica B. June 16. B. minor Ad. May 29. Diplofo.va inicroccra Lw. June 16, Sept. 8.
AGROMYZIDAK: Rhicnocssa parrnla Lw. May 29, July 2. August 5. Agroin\za pnsilh Meig. Aug. 5. A. coqulllcUi Mall. July 15. ./." fntinosa Coq. \\iig. 20.
HARRY I',. WEISS, New I.runswick, Xew Jersey.
Personal Mention.
Recent numbers of Science state that :
Franklin Sherman, of the North Carolina State College, has been appointed head of the division of entomology at Clemson College, South Carolina.
Glenn W. Herrick, professor of entomology in the Colli-cr^ of Agriculture at Cornell University, is going abroad to spend his sabbatic leave, visiting entomologists and laboratories in France and Italy.
Dr. W. E. Britton, Connecticut State Entomologist, has been appointed to succeed the late Dr. H. H. Robinson as super- intendent of the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey and will carry on the work in connection with his duties as state entomologist.
Dr. E. D. Ball, director of scientific work in the United States Department of Agriculture, has been appointed associate entomologist of the Florida State Plant Board.
Dr. E. P. Felt, state entomologist. State Museum, Albany. New York, completed his thirtieth year of service on Septem- ber 14.
From another source we learn that Miss Grace Snndhouxr has been appointed to the position of Senior Scientific Aide with the Federal Horticultural Hoard. Washington. She will continue her studies in the hymenopterous genus Osiniu and its allies.
Recent visitors to the entomological collections at the Aca- demy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia have included Messrs. C. F. W. Muesebcck, Melrose 'Highlands, Massachusetts, con- sulting the type collection of the hymenopterous family llracon- idar; Fmil Liljc'blad, of the Field Museum of Xatural History, who examined the coleopterous familv Monldlidac. and Alan S. Xicolay of Upper Montclair. Xew Jersey, who studied vari- ous Coleoptera.
20 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON. JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed.
4 — Canadian Entomologist. 9 — The Entomologist. 14— Entomologische Zeit., Frankfurt a.M. 17 — Ent. Rund- schau, Stuttgart. 18 — Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 22 — Bulletin of Ent. Research. 26 — Ent. Anzeiger, Wien. 30— Tijdschrift v. Ent., Holland. 39— The Florida Ento- mologist. 49 — Ent. Mitteilungen, Berlin. 51 — Notulae Ent., Helsingfors. 60 — Stettiner Ent. Zeit. 69 — Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci. Paris. 101 — Biolog. Bull., Woods Hole, Mass. 103 — Proc. Zool. Soc. London. 105 — Proc., Biol. Soc. Washington. 107 — Biologisches Zentralblatt. 1C8 — Jour. ^Washington Acad. Sci. Ill — Archiv f. Naturg., Berlin. 113 — Jour. Agric. Research, Washington. 118— Die Naturwissenschaften, Berlin. 119— Proc., Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington. 131 — Ent. Blatter, Berlin. 135 — Quart. Jour. Microsc. Sciences. 138— Ainer. Mus. Novitates, New York. 139 — Bulletin, So. California Acad. Sciences. 147- Arch. Zool. Exper. et Gen., Paris. 158 — Boll. Mus. ZooL ed Anat. Comp. R. Univ.' Torino.
GENERAL. — Aue, A. U. E.— Entomologisches allerlei.
-14, xxxix, 109-10 (cont.). Bright, P. M.— Over-collect- ing.—9, 1925, 273-5. Cockerell, T. D. A.— Tertiary fossil insects from Argentina. — Nature, cxvi, 711-12. Felt, E. P.
—Insects and human welfare.— Sci. Month., xxi, 649-53. Jacobs, W. - - Vernachlassigten insektenordnungen. - - 14, xxxix, 117-8. Johnson, C. W. — Insects that infest birds.— Bui. Northeastern Bird-Band. Assoc., 1, 51-3. Lankester, E. R. — Blindness of cave animals. — Nature, cxvi, 745-6. Lefroy, H. M. — Obituary. — Nature, cxvi, 651-2. Meyer, P.
-Ein wort zur lokalfaunenfrage. — 49, xiv, 358-60. Scheer- peltz, O. — Reichert'sche stereoaufsatz als entomologisches universalinstrument. — 26, v, 153-6 (cont.). Schuster, W.— Der letzte warmwinter 1924/25 und seine einwirkung auf
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \FAYS 21
kerbitiere. — 18, xix, 221. Tragardh, I. — Entomological analysis of trees. — 22, xvi, \6<>-74. Zerkowitz, A. — ISericht uber den dritten internationalen kongress fur entomologie. —18, xix, 210-11.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.— Bridges, C. B. — Elimination of chromosomes due to a mutant in Drosophila. Haploidy in Drosophila. — 119, xi, 701-6; 706-10. Gatenby, J. B. — Reinvestigation of the spermatogenesis of Peripatus. — 135, Lxix, 629-42. Jeannel, R. — Sur lesjiomologies des articles de la patte des insectes. 142, Ixiv, 37-55. McEwen, R. S. — Concerning the relative phototropism of vestigal and wild type Drosophila. — 101, xlix, 354-64. Malan & Malan. — Spermatogenesis of Locust- ana pardalina (Brown tree locust). — Trans. R. Soc. So. Africa, xii, 1-22. Metz, C. W. — Prophase chromosome be- havior in triploid individuals of Drosophila mel. — Genetics. x, 345-50. Nath, V. — Mitochondria and sperm-tail forma- tion, with particular reference to moths, scorpions and centipedes. — 135. Ixix, 643-59. Strohl, J. — Giftproduktion bei den tieren von zoologisch-physiologischen standpunkt. -107, Ixv, 513-36.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Thor, S.— Ueber die phylogenie und systematik der Acarina. mit beitragcn zur ersten entwicklungsgeschichte einzelner gruppcn.— Nyt Mag. f. Naturvid.. Oslo, Lxiii, 260-313.
(N) *Chamberlin, R. V. — Notes on N. Amer. spiders heretofore referred to Coelotes. — 105, xxxviii, 119-24. *Ewing, H. E. — New mites of the parasitic genus Haemo- gamasus. — 105, xxxviii, 137-44.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.— Macna-
mara, C. — Insects of the snow. — Nature Mag., 1925, 349-50. Snyder, T. E. — Notes on fossil termites with particular reference to Florissant, Colo. — 105, xxxviii, 149-66.
(N) *McDunnough, J. — Ephemeroptera of Covey Hill. One.— Trans. R. Soc. Canada. (3), xix, 207-23.
(S) *Karny, H. H. — Ueber Phloeothrips sanguinolentus, iK'l.st einer revision der Diceratothripinengenera. — 51, v. 77-84. *Navas, R. P. L. — Neuropteros del museo de Ber- lin.—Rev. Ac. Cien Zanigoxa, ix, 20-34. *Watson, J. R.- A New sp. of Symphyothrips from Argentina. — 39, ix. 2() 30 (cont).
ORTHOPTERA.— Hoffmann, C. C.— Las migraciones
dc la langosta. — Soc. Cien. Antonio Al/atr. Mexico, xliv, 191-27. Voinov, D. — Les elements sexuels de Gryllotalpa vulgaris.— 142, Lxiii, 437-523.
22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
HEMIPTERA.— (N) *Hungerford, H. B.— Study of the Notonecta mexicana series, with descr. of n. sps.-— 4, Iviii, 238-41. *Knight, H. H.— Descr. of 12 n. sps. of Polymerus from No. Amer. (Miridae). — 4, Ivii, 244-53. *List, G. M.- Three n. gen. and three n. sps. of Cimicidae from N. Amer. -105, xxxxviii, 103-110. *McAtee & Malloch.— Another annectant genus (Cimicoidea). — 105, xxxviii, 145-8. *Mc- Dunnough, J. — Notes on Saldula obscura, with descr. of a new sp. — 4, Ivii, 257-60.
LEPIDOPTERA.— Ebert, H.— Wie totet man Zygaenen. 18, xix, 219-20. Engelhardt, G. P.— Chapters from the long life of a butterfly collector. — Brook. Mus. Quart., xii, 171-7. Gibson, A. — Observations on the spruce budworm. — Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3), xix, 195-205, col. pi. Pfeiffer, L.- Eineges uber die Uraniiden und Sematuriden der alten und der neuen welt. — 14, xxxix, 118-9 (cont.). Schwanwitsch, B. N. — On a remarkable dislocation of the components of the wing-pattern in the satyrid genus Pierella. — 9, 1925, 266-9. Snodgrass, R. E. — Cankerworms. — Smiths. Rep.. 1924, 317-34.
(N) *Comstock, J. A. — Eight new races, forms or aber- rations of California butterflies.- — 139, xxiv, 62-8. *McDun- nough, J. — Euxoa ridingsiana and its allies. — 4, Ivii, 242-4.
(S) *Kohler, P. — Fauna argentina. Theil 2, Heterocera. Syst. Katalog u. Stud. Bericht, Neubeschr., 28 pp. pis. *Prout, L. B. — New Geometridae in the collection of the Deut. Ent. Inst.,— 49, xiv, 309-12. *Roeber, J.— Neue falter (Papilio)— 17, xlii, 42-3 (cont.).
DIPTERA.— Buxton & Hopkins.— Race suicide in Stegomyia. — 22, xvi, 151-3. Martiis, L. C. de — Contribute alia conoscenza istologica delle ghiandole rettati dei Dit- teri. — 158, xxxix, N. 25. Meijere, J. C. H. — Larven der Agromyzinen. — 30, Ixviii, 195-293 (cont.). Puri, 8. — On the life history and structure of the early stages of Simu- liidae. — Parasitology, xvii, 335-69. Tillyard, R. J. — Alleged rhaetic crane flies. — Nature, cxvi, 676-7. Whitfield, G. F. S. -Relation between the feeding-habits and the structure of the mouth-parts in the Asilidae. — 103, 1925, 599-638.
(N) *Curran, C. H. — American sps. of the tachinid genu .. Peleteria. — Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3), xix, 225-57. *Cur- ran, C. H. — Four new Nearctic diptera. — 4, Ivii. 254-7. *Duda, O. — Aussereuropaischen arten der gattung Lepto- cera. — 111, 1924, A, 11, 5-215. [There may not be any new sps. from North America described in this voluminous. poorly presented paper, but it will prove interesting to all
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\VS 23
students of this family.) Frey, R. — Zur systematik der Diptera Haplostomata Sepsidae. — 51, v, 69-76. Seguy, E.—
Sur les caracteres conmiuns aux Ocstrides et aux Calli- phorines.— 69, 1925, 735-36.
(S) *Curran, C. H. — New exotic diptera in the Am. Mn>. Xat. History. — 138, No. 200. Lichtwardt, B. — Uebcr Nemestriniden. — 49, xiv, 392-94.
COLEOPTERA.— Cook, W. C.— Distribution of the alfalfa weevil (Phytonomus posticus). A stud}- in physi- cal ecology.— 113, xxx, 479-91. Fink, D. E.— Physiological studies on hibernation in the potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. — 101, xlix, 381-496. Jeannel, R. — Morphol- \gie cle elytre des coleopteres adephages. — 142, Ixiv, 1-84. Kern, P. — Beitrage zur biologic der Caraben. — 131. xxi, 114-9. Roepke, W. — Zur vermeintlichen myrmekophilie dc> Trochoideus desjardinsi ( Endomychidae). — 107, Ixv, 572-4. Zimmermann, A. — Beitrage zur kenntnis der sudamerikan- isclien wasserkaefer.-«-158, xxxix, N. 29.
( X ) Blunck, H. — Syllabus der insektenbiologie bear- beitet von zahlreichen fachleuten und herausg von. Coleop- eren : Lief. 1. 136pp. *Fisher, W. S. — New cactus weevil from Texas. — 108, xv, 425-6.
(S) *Corporral, J. B. — Ein neuer Clerus (Cleridae).— 49, xiv. 394-5. *Horn. W.— Ueber 16 alte und neue Cicin- delicleii der welt.— 131, xxi, 131-9. *Knisch, A.— Coleoptera aus dem tropischen Amerika.^158, xxxix, X. 30. *Reich- ensperger, A. — \Veitere Histeriden-beitrage. — 49, xiv, 351-7.
HYMENOPTERA.— Chittenden, F. H.— Note on a sec- ondary egg parasite of the celery leaf-tyer. — 4, Ivii, 260. Gray, H. E. — Observations on tripping of alfalfa blossoms.
—4, Ivii, 235-7. Hintzelmann, U. — Beitrage zur morphol- ogic von Trichogramma evanescens. — Arb. Miol. Reichs. f. Land-u. Forstw., Berlin, xiv, 225-30. Wasmann, E. — 1 )ic ameisenmimikry. — 118. 1925, 925-32. Whiting & Whiting.
-Diploid males from fertilized eggs of hymenoptera.— Science, Ixii, 437.
(X) Bluthgen, P.— Bienengattung Xoiiiioi(U->.— 60, 1925, -98. Emery, C. — Genera insectorum. Formicidae. Subt". l-'ormicinae. 302pp.. 4pls. Ferris, G. F. — Generic types of tlu- Diaspidae.— 22, xvi, 163-7. :i:Viereck, H. L.— Prelim- inary revision of some Chan>p-inae. a subf. of Ichneumon- oidca.— Trans. R. Soc. Canada, (3). xix. 25(>-73.
(Sj *Menozzi, C. — Oualche formica miova o<l interes- sante del Deut. Ent. Inst. (Formicidae).— 49, xiv, 3(«8-71.
24 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., "26
SPECIAL NOTICES.
Monographic des Bathysciinae (Silphidae). By R. Jean- nel. Arch. Zool. Exper. et Gen., Paris. This monograph of 436 pages, although treating of European species will probably be useful to American students of this family of the Coleoptera. Sinopse dos Hemipteros Heteropteros de Portugal. Por A. F. cle Seabra. Mem. e Estud Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra, Ser. 1, N. 1, Fasc. 1-2, 48 plus 19 pp. This faunistic paper may be of interest to American students.
Recent issues of the Catalogue of Indian Insects are Part 6 — Staphylinidae by Malcolm Cameron, lately Systematic Ento- mologist, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun ; 126 pp., listing 194 genera and over 1100 species. Part 9 — Zygaenidae by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, Imperial Entomologist ; 92 pages, 56 genera, 225 species. Both parts are dated 1925, Calcutta: Goverment of India Central Publication*Branch.
DYTISCUS MARGINALIS, the first monograph of "BEARBEITUNG EINHEIMISCHER TIERS," edited by DR. E. KORSCHELT, of the University of Marburg. Two volumes, 1827 pages in1 all. with 876 text figures. Published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1924. Price, 40 gold marks, $10.00 in New York.
Probably every investigator in scientific work has many times wished that he might have a collaborator to assemble and abstract for him the literature of his subject. The conscien- tious worker is beginning to find that, if he shall be compelled to spend much more of his time in reading, he is in danger eventually of being barred by his books from his microscope. And now, just as our trouble is becoming acute in entomology, there appear these two comprehensive volumes on the morphnl- ogy and biology of the water beetle, Dytiscus mcwginalis, in which is brought together in edited form the work of a score of special investigators whose numerous publications on this one insect have heretofore been scattered through the various German zoological journals over a period of sixteen years.
This great work on Dytiscns, however, which appears under the editorship of Dr. E. Korschelt, is not a mere assemblage of independent papers ; it is the result of a broad project conceived and brought to a successful finish by Dr. Korschelt. The various chapters in the books, all modeled on a general plan, are from the works of a group of men who have been, at various times since 1907. students at Marburg under Dr. Korschelt, or
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS
collaborators with him on this project. Dr. Korschelt records many unfortunate interruptions in the \v<>rk owing to the advent of the war, and the loss of four of the workers on the battle front. Some of the chapters, therefore, have been left in the stage at which they were first written, and consequently do not take into account more recent papers on related subjects ; yet, this defect does not invalidate the facts recorded, and these-, together with the ample bibliographical lists accompanying each chapter, must relieve the student, who would carry the subject further, of a great amount of preliminary research.
Specialists in insect morphology, who have read the various papers comprising these volumes as they have appeared will be already familiar with their contents ; to those who will better appreciate the work in its unified form, a brief review of the chapter subjects will probably give best an idea of its scope.
A description of methods found most satisfactory in making dissections is given in the first chapter ; in the other chapters each worker furnishes a detailed account of his own special technique. Chapters 2 and 3 have to do with the outer parts of the beetle; the fourth, based on the work of A. Casper, con- tains an exhaustive account of the structure of the body wail and the hypodermal glands, and constitutes an important con- tribution to insect histology.
The following four chapters are devoted to the sense organs. In the first, R. Hochreuther gives a full description of the sense organs of the hair type, and contributes much to an understanding of the general morphology of insect sense organs. The next chapter, by R. Lehr, treats in particular of the sense organs of the wings, including the external sensory pits and hairs and the internal chordotonal organs. In the succeeding chapter Lehr describes the sense organs in the pedicel of the larval antenna, where, besides a simple organ of Johnston, he finds four associated true chordotonal organs. Chapter 8 details the structure of the eyes of both the beetle and the larva, and it is shown here by K. Giinther that the compound eye of the beetle is developed from the ,hypodermis independent of the similarly placed ocelli of the larva, remnants of the larval eyes being found in the adult associated with the strands of the optic nerve.
Chapter 9, from the work of (i. I lolste, takes up the nervous system, and is illustrated with beautiful halftone drawings show- ing the distribution of the nerves throughout the body and ap- pendages. In the following chapter 1 lolste goes into the finer structure of the brain and, while his study is not exhaustive, it adds a few details to what is known of the brain in other
26 K.XTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
insects and extends the foundation of our knowledge of the insect nervous mechanism.
Next come three chapters on the muscles, mostly by A. Bauer, and then one on the respiratory system, hased on several papers by W. Alt. Chapter 15 contains a thorough study of the organs of circulation, taken from recent papers of W. Kuril and E. Oberle. This chapter constitutes probably the most up-to- date treatment on the circulatory organs of any insect, and may well be taken as a model for other studies on these organs.
Volume II opens with a chapter on the fat body and the oenocytes of the beetle and of the larva, by A. Kreuscher. It is shown that the fat cells of the larva store up both fatty and albuminoid substances, the former, however, being almost replaced by the latter when the larva is ready for pupation. The fat cells suffer but little destruction during metamorphosis, most of them being carried over intact to form the fat body of the adult. The alimentary canal of the beetle and the larva is the subject of Chapter 19, the work of H. Rungius. Partic- uarly interesting is the description of the mouth of the larva and its connection with the channels of the mandibles.
The series of four chapters following, on the reproductive organs, mating, the laying' of the eggs, and the embryological development, contain much that is of interest. Especially instructive are the painstaking studies of H. Blunck on the manner of the formation of the spermatophore, its transfer to the copulatory pouch of the female, and the entrance of the sperm into the spermatheca. These investigations furnish an excellent example of a thoroughgoing piece of anatomical re- search. The subject is illustrated by a series of twenty-seven figures showing concisely all stages of the process — the exit of the sperm into the penis, their envelopment by mucous from the mucous glands and the final discharge of the completed sperma- tophore into the copulatory pouch of the female. The relative position of the female and male genital parts and the position of the spermatophore within the female are well shown in a dia- grammatic longitudinal section. The wall of the spermatophore turned toward the vaginal opening is now apparently dissolved by a secretion of special vaginal glands, the sperm are forced into the vagina by compression of the surrounding parts, and are sucked up through the vagina by the action of the muscular walls of the latter. From the anterior end of the vagina they enter the spermatheca, probably by their own motion. Most females of Dyliscns marginalis are fertilized in the fall : egg- laying begins the following spring, continuing into July. When
xxxvii, '26] KNTO. \ioLor.ir\T. NEWS 27
a ripened egg passes into the vagina a small mass of sperm, in a liquid from the spermathecal glands, is discharged upon the egg through a channel in the anterior wall of the neck of the spermatheca, by the contraction of the muscular walls of tin-
organ.
The chapter on the laying of the eggs, also from the work of Blunck, contains data on the time of oviposition, the number of eggs laid by a single female, the place, and the manner of oviposition. The female beetles always entrust their eggs to healthy chlorophyll-bearing parts of the plants, and it appeals that the production of oxygen by the plants promotes metabol- ism in the eggs, and, therefore, the development of the embryo. A history of the development from segmentation to the fully- formed larva is given in Chapter 23. Though there is little in this account that throws new light on general insect ontogeny, it is satisfactory to rind established ideas verified and further exemplified. A number of points, however, are worth a special notice. The curved side of the Dytiscus egg is not necessarily the ventral side of the future embryo. The micropyle apparatus consists of a disc at the cephalic pole of the egg surrounded by a circle of about 60 pores through the chorion. Water diffuses rapidly through the chorion and causes the latter to separate from the vitelline membrane, until finally, the chorion bursts, leaving the older embryos covered only by the vitelline membrane. The inner germ layer, or mesoderm, is formed by proliferation of cells from a ventral groove of the germ band, but there is no invagination (gastrulation) as in Hydrophilus. The description of the segmentation of the embryo is somewhat confusing, because the antennal segment is enumerated as a segment following the procephalon, which latter, it is stated, consists of three segments. Then there are three gnathal seg- ments, three thoracic, and eleven abdominal segments besides a terminal telson, giving 21 segments and the end piece, or telson. Later, in this same chapter, however, as well as in the former chapter on the nervous system, the brain of Dytiscus is shown to be composed of the ordinary three procephalic ganglia, and is followed by three gnathal, three thoracic, and eleven abdominal ganglia, the telson alone lacking a ganglion in the embryo. This is the complete number of ganglia typical for insects, and the enumeration must assume the presence of only 20 segments he-sides the last one. or telsun — a total of 21.
Chapter 24, entitled the "Larval Development." treats principally of the anatomy of the larva. The following chapter, one of 111 pages, on the metamorphosis, mostly the work of
28 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
ISlunck, deals with the life and changes of the larva, and with the structure, life, and transformation of the pupa. Under the many sub-headings are described the locomotion, respiration, and senses of the larva, its feeding, digestion, and the function of the various parts of its alimentary canal. Also, there is given a great mass of observations on the influence of tempera- ture, food, light, etc., on the larval life.
The next three chapters treat of the biology of Dytiscns, of its diseases, enemies and parasites, and of the economic phase of the water beetle, the last arising from its destructiveness to fish. Chapter 29 gives a history of the water beetle in literature, with a long bibliographical list beginning with the year 1536. The subject matter of the final chapter is palaeontologic, sys- tematic and faunistic. The earliest fossil remains of Dytiscns, mostly elytra, come from the Oligocene and Miocene.
The foregoing outline is sufficient to suggest that this work on Dytiscns contains a fund of information that should become familiar to every student in entomology. Though few Ameri- can students are likely to read through the two volumes con- secutively, the chapters taken individually will furnish some of the best working models available on any subject of insect anatomy. Too much of our morphological work ends with a mere description of structure, making no effort at contact with the physiological aspect of the subject. The study of form in itself has generally been regarded as sufficient for purposes of classification and' phylogeny, and so it may be in many cases, but even here a knowledge of function is likely to be a great help in determining the most probable line of evolution of an organ.
There is a more important reason, however, for the study of insect anatomy from the physiological standpoint, and this is the increasing importance of physiology itself in modern ento- mology. The natural steps in the expansion of a biological science lead through taxonomy, morphology, physiology, and psychology. Entomology is now entering the third field of its growth, and is looking toward the fourth, but is finding, in many cases, that the second has been too hurriedly traversed. In insect physiology too much can not be assumed from a knowledge of vertebrate physiology. Though physiological processes may be fundamentally alike in all animals, the means of arriving at the same results often differ widely in differ- ent groups. A thorough knowledge of comparative anatomy, therefore, is fundamental to the study of physiology. In ento- mology there is now, more than ever before, a need of good ref-
ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII.
Plate II.
HENRY W. WENZEL.
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NF.VVS 29
erence books on the detailed structure of insect organs, aiul the timely appearance of this assembled work on Dytiscus should be welcomed by all entomologists, and especially by every student in the more advanced fields of insect physiology and biology. R. E. S.NODGRASS.
OBITUARY.
HENRY W. WEN z EL died on November 7, 1925, at his home in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 68 years, of a linger- ing illness. He was born in Philadelphia on May 16, 1857. He received his education in the Public Schools of Philadel- phia, and for a period in one of the then German Schools.
From boyhood days he was interested in Natural History, and under the leadership and guidance of his grandfather, Henry Feldman, he finally confined his studies to the Cole- optera, in which order he accumulated one of the finest collec- tions of North American species extant. The collection contains many paratypes, and all the specimens are properly labeled with place of capture, date and name of collector, and such as have been bred have biological notes on a supple- mentary label.
Air. Wenzel had corresponded with nearly every North American Coleopterist of note, who lived in his time, and had entertained many of them at his home, and in most cases his visitors went away richer than when they came to him, as he was always liberal in dividing his specimens with those who were especially interested in Coleoptera. He did not describe any new species. He was satisfied to have that done by those who specialized in the various families and groups. His chief collecting ground in the early part of his career was in the "Philadelphia Neck," in the southern part of the city, close to which neighborhood he lived at that time; later he worked in the Pine-barrens of Southern Xew Jersey for many years, and in the latter locality established many new records which were published in Smith's famous List of Insects of Xew Jersey in 1909. Since that time he made a number of extended collecting trips, notably to the mountains of Xorth (Carolina, also along the Gulf of AFexico, in Alabama, and his last trip
30 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
was to the Province of Ontario, Canada. Besides the above mentioned trips his son Harry A., made a trip to the Huachuca Mountains in Arizona in company with H. A. Kaeber, another to Tybee Island, off the coast of Georgia, and also a trip with Wagner Green through Texas ; the material collected on the trips of his son were divided between the respective collectors and Harry's share all went into the collection of his father and I want to lay stress on the fact that he has been an enthusiastic and never tiring collector. On all of these expeditions many new species were discovered and turned over to specialists for description, and the collection is adorned with paratypes of nearly all such.
Mr. Wenzel was the organizer and really the sponsor of the Feldman Collecting Social, which was started in Decem- ber, 1887. The greater number of the meetings of the Social were held at Mr. Wenzel's home which was always a wel- come place for Entomologists ; members and friends would always bring boxes of current capture for him to identify, which he did willingly and patiently.
I have personally collected Coleoptera but incidently, and will always recall with much pleasure, the many afternoons and evenings which I spent with him going over my material and he determining the same for me.
Besides collecting' Coleoptera he was interested in Natural History in every phase ; he was anxious to know the trees and smaller plants ; he knew all the common and many rare birds as well as the reptiles. He always collected some speci- mens in other orders of the Insect World and turned them over to his friends who were interested in such orders. I have in my collection of Lepidoptera, many specimens which bear the label collected by H. W. Wenzel and 1 1. A. Wenzel.
Since about a year the Feldman Collecting Social has not held a meeting, on account of Mr. Wenzel's illness, but 1 hope that we can get the boys together again, as I am sure that if he could express himself it would be his wish that the Social live on after him.
He was elected a member of The American Entomological
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 31
Society April 23, 1S96, was Vice President from 1901 to I'M 5 and a member of the Advisory Committee of the XE\VS since 1906.
Mr. Wenzel has published a number of faunistic papers which were of value to science, several of which are men- tioned in "Bibliography of Taxonomic Coleopterology" by Charles W. Leng, B. Sc. published in 1920.
We have lost a dear friend and a good fellow.
FRANK HAIMBACII.
Under date of September, 1925, the German Folk Song Union in Vienna, in conjunction with Frau Angela Kohl and friends and admirers of the late FRANZ FRIEDRICH KOHL, has issued a memorial portrait of the deceased entomologist. It announces also that a memorial committee has been formed in Traismauer, where he died, which plans to place a tablet to his memory on the house in which he passed away. The sculptor Karl IMiii'rn. creator of the Adalbert monument in the Tiirkenschanz Park in Vienna, has undertaken the work. Contributions for this purpose are solicited and may be sent to Herr Richard Gutscher, chairman, Hofrat Kohl Stiftung, Kunstmiihle, Trais- mauer, Austria.
Dr. F. Maidl, curator in the Natural History Museum in Vienna, has published in Volume 38 of the Annalcn of the Museum (pages 174-179, April, 1925) an obituary notice of this distinguished hymenoptenst. He was born January 13, 1851, at St. Valentin auf der Heide (Vintschgau, Tyrol) and died December 15, 1924. In his early years he lost his father, Jo- hann Kohl, and removed with his mother to- Bozen where he attended the Volksschule and the Franciscan Gymnasium. One of the professors of the latter institution, P. Vinzenz Gredler, appears to have awakened in the young Kohl an interest in the natural sciences. Later Kohl went to the university at Inns- bruck, where he studied under Adolf Pickler, Kerner and Heller. The period that followed was a struggle for existence. After five years of teaching at I'.o/en and at Innsbruck, he abandoned the profession and worked with Frey-Gessner in Geneva, then in Miinich, where he became acquainted with Kriechbaumer and
32 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Jan., '26
then on December 31. 1885, was appointed scientific assistant in the museum at Vienna. Here he eventually was placed in charge of the collection of Hymenoptera which, "under his direction, expanded from a small store-box to fill a large room, and became indispensable for everyone who investigated this subject anywhere in the world, just as Kohl's advice and aid were willingly placed at the service of hundreds of corres- pondents."
He published seventy-five papers on entomology and zoology from 1878 to 1923 ; Dr. Maicll gives a list of them, twelve being monographs.
Most extensive were those treating of the genera of the Pom- pilidae. Larridae and Sphecinae (1885), Thyrcopus (1888), the monograph of Sphc.v (1890, 1895). PhilatitJnts (1891), Aiupnlc.r and allies (1893), genera of the Sphegidae (1896), Ammophila (1901, 1907), Pndium (1902), Ccrccris (1915), Sccliphron (Pclofaeus) (1918) and Bclomicrus H923) and many on the Hymenoptera of different geographical areas and descriptions of new species.
DR. WALTER DAVID HUNTER, chief of the section of insects affecting southern field crops, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, and a member of the Federal Horticultural Board, died suddenly at El Paso, Texas, on Octo- ber 13, 1925, in his fiftieth year. He received the A.B. from the University of Nebraska in 1895, continuing there as an assistant in entomology, became assistant entomologist in the Iowa Agri- cultural Experiment Station in 1901. assistant entomologist in charge of boll weevil investigations of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture in 1902; in 1905 was placed in charge of all southern field crop insect investigations and made a member of the Federal Horticultural Board in 1908. He took a large part in the eradication of the pink boll worm in Louisiana and Texas and also had direction of investigations of insects affect- ing the health of man and animals. Dr. L. O. Howard con- tributes an appreciative notice of the man and his work to Science for November 13, from which we have taken the above.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NKWS for December, 1925, was mailed at the Phila- delphia Post Office on December 11, 1925.
FEBRUARY, 1926
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXVII No. 2
JAMES RIDINGS 1803-1880
CONTENTS
Crampton — A Phylogenetic Study of the Thoracic Sclerites of the Psychodoid Diptera, with Remarks on the Interrelationships of
the Neraatocera 33
Davidson — A New Californian Syrphid (Diptera) 4u
Skinner — Euodia ponlandia, andromacha and creola (Lep., Rhopalo-
cera 42
Barber— A Short List of Scntelleroidea Collected in New Mexico in 1916 4 - Alexander — Uudescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Eastern United
Stated and Canada. (Dipt.: Tipulidae). . . 4-1
Osburn — A New Species of the Genus Condidea (Diptera, Syrphidae). 52
Smith — Assistance Wanted in the Study of Ants (Ilym. : Formicidae). 53 Editorial — Entomology at the " Convocation Week" Meetings. Dec^m-
ber 28, 1925, to January 2, 1926 54
Personal Mention . . i
Changes of Address . 56
Aldrich — The Dognin Collection of Lepidoptera at the U. S. National
Museum 46
i Lecture by Dr. E. P. Felt 57
Ingham — Collecting in the West 57
.McMurray — Oviposition of Brenthis bellona (Lep.: Nymphalidae) . .
(Entomological Literature 5s
> Review — Herrick's Manual of Injurious Insects 62
^Review — Fox's Insects and Disease of Man 62
i Obituary — Professor Harry Arthur Gossard '4
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' ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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Philip P. Calvert, Ph.D., Editor; E. T. Cresson, Jr., Associate Editor; Henry Skinner, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
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ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXVII.
Plate III
Fig.*
BJTT4CC*IORPHi
THORACIC SCLERITES OF PSYCHODOID DIPTERA CRAMPTON.
ENT. NEWS, VOL. XXXIV.
Plate IV.
si.
CULICOlDEA BIBIONOIDEA
PSYCHODOIDEA
NEMOPALPUS
Fig.8
BLEPHAROCEROIDEA
TIPULOIDEA
PHLEBOTOlflJS
Fig. 9
PROTODIPTERA
Fig. 12
3 1C
Fig. 10
BRUCHOMYIA
111,
Fig. II
PSYCHODA
THORACIC SCLERITES OF PSYCHODOID DIPTERA.-CRAMPTON.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOL. XXXVII FEBRUARY, 1926 No. 2
A Phylogenetic Study of the Thoracic Sclerites of
the Psychodoid Diptera, with Remarks on the
Interrelationships of the Nematocera.
My (>. C. CRVMPTOX, Mass. Agricultural College,
Amherst, Mass. (Plates III and IV.)
Through the kindness of Dr. J. W. Campbell and Mr. T. R. Harris, I have been able to make a study of the anatomy of such rare and primitive New Zealand Diptera as Nem&palpus. Tanydcrus, etc., and Dr. C. P. Alexander has very generously permitted me to make a detailed study of the amber Dipteran Macrochilc, which is in some respects the most primitive Dip- teran of which we have any knowledge and presents many features common to several groups of Diptera. Mr. R. Shan- non and Mr. H. S. Barber have very kindly given me a num- ber of specimens of Plilcbototnus, and through the kindness of Mr. F. W. Edwards, I have been able to study several other types of Psychodidae. For the specimens of Nannochorista studied, I am indebted to Dr. Campbell and Mr. Harris. Since most of the insects here figured are extremely rare and valu- able. I am more than grateful to the above-mentioned gentlemen for permitting me to make this study.
The principal point brought out in this study, is the close relationship between the Ptychopteridae, Tanycleridae and Psychodidae, indicated by the thoracic sclerites. Mr. Edwards has very kindly consented to allow me to quote his statement, made /'// liltcris, that the Tanyderidae and Psychodidae should be grouped in a single superfamily, the Psychodoidea. Just after learning of Dr. Edwards' view, I had an opportunity of making a detailed anatomical study of MacrochUc contained in a collection of amber Diptcra received by Dr. Alexander; and the study of Mncrochllc, which offers the key to the whole
33
34 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
situation, clearly indicates that the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae should he grouped in a single superfamily or similar division of the Nematocerous Diptera, since Macro- chile is in a sense a synthetic type combining characters occur- ring in the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae. In fact, I consider that Mocrochile is the nearest living representa- tive of the common ancestor of these families, although Macro- chile is itself an "out and out" Tanyderid, as Dr. Alexander points out from its venational characters — and as is indicated by its head and thoracic structures as well.
Before taking up the discussion of those features in which Macrochilc is annectant between the rest of the Tanyderidae and the Ptychopteridae and Psychodidae, I would call atten- tion to some of the thoracic characters which all of these in- sects have in common, and which indicate that they should be grouped in a single superfamily, the Psychodoidea.
In all of the Psychodoidea, the meral region of the middle coxa becomes detached from the coxa and fuses with the lower portion of the mesothoracic epimeron to form the area labelled iupl in all figures. The only other lower Diptera in which this occurs are the Eriopterine Tipuloids* and this fact may have some phylogenetic significance. There is a fusion of the meral region with the lower portion of the epimeron in the mesothorax of the Blepharoceridae, also, but the meron does not become detached from the coxa as in the Psychodoidea and Eriopterine Tipuloids, so that the end result in the Blepharo- ceridae is different, and hence has no particular phylogenetic significance.
A second feature common to all Psychodoids is the fact that the scutal suture labelled .? in all figures is incomplete, while in the Tipuloids. and of course in the Eriopterine Tipu- loids as well, the scutal suture forms the well-known "V- shaped" suture familiar to all systematists.
In practically all Psychodoids, the suture labelled a in all figures, is incomplete, and in all of these insects, the sclerite labelled saf is more or less clearly demarked.
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 35
Macrochile exhibits all of the above-mentioned features common to all Psychodoids, and in addition, it offers certain characters indicating" that it is anatomically intermediate be- tween the different Psychodoid families, and hence has de- parted less than any of the other forms here studied, from the condition characteristic of the common ancestor of these Psy- chodoid families.
Thus, in the length of the coxae, Macrochile (Fig. 1) is intermediate between the Tanyderid types with short coxae shown in Figs. 2 and 4, on the one hand, and the Psychodid types with extremely long coxae shown in Figs. 8 and 10, on the other ; and it is aproached by the Ptychopterid shown in Fig:. 6. This fact taken alone, has no particular significance, since short and long types of coxae occur in some members of all three Psychodoid families, but taken in connection with the other features here mentioned, this fact does have some significance.
In the relative sizes of the prothorax, and the pronotum in particular, Macrochile (Fig. 1) is intermediate between the Tanyderid types shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, with their greatly elongated pronota and the Psychodid types shown in Figs. 8 and 10, with their greatly reduced pronota ; and again, the con- dition exhibited by Macrochile is approached by that of the Ptychopterid shown in Fig. 6. In fact, the general character of the thorax of Macr&chile, which is not as depressed as that of the rest of the Tanyderids, nor as elongated as that of the lower Psychodids, furnishes a more suitable "starting-point" from which these other types (and that of the Ptychopterid shown in Fig. 6, as well ) could be derived, than does any other of the forms here shown ; and I think that Macrochile repre- sents more nearly than any other, the type ancestral to the Psychodoidea in general, although, of course, this does not mean that MacrocJiilc is the actual ancestor of the Psychodoidea.
Since some Mecoptcra (which are very like the ancestors of the Diptera ) have a rather broad pronotum, as in the Mecopteran Nannochorista, shown in Fig. 5, this might be taken to indicate that the broader type of pronotum exhibited
36 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
by the Tanyderids shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, represents a more primitive condition than that of Macrochile. On the other hand, some Mecoptera also have quite narrow pronota (as in Bittacns and other members of the order) so that the narrow pronotum of Macrochile is not of necessity a specializa- tion, and its pronotum is assuredly more like those of the rest of the Psychodoidea than is the case with pronota of the Tanyderids other than Macrochile.
Although the enlarged pronotum of such Tanyderids as the ones shown in Fig. 2, may not represent a specialization, the greatly elongated neck plate Ic of this insect certainly seems to be a case of specialization in the direction of extreme length, when we compare this region in Tan yd cms (Fig. 2) with the same region in a Mecopteran such as Natuiachorista (Fig. 5), and it would seem that the elongated lateral cervical Ic of the Tanyderids shown in Figs. 4 and 3 shows more specialization than does the more normal type of lateral cervical Ic in the insect shown in Fig. 1. If the lateral cervical plates of these Tanyderids are more specialized than that of Macrochile, it is also possible that their pronota are likewise more specialized than that of Macrochile: and the huge pronotum of Peringncy- omyina (Fig. 3) seems to indicate that there is an orthogene- tic tendency in the group to develop an unusually long prono- tum, so that the large pronota of these Tanyderids may pos- sibly denote a degree of specialization rather than a retention of a condition more primitive than that exhibited by Macrochile. Whether or not Macrochile's pronotum is more primitive than the pronota of the other Tanyderids, it is none the less true that MacrocJiilc's pronotum is more like that of the rest of the Psychodoidea ; and the rest of the Psychodoidea exhibit marked tendency toward the reduction of the pronotum which is carried to the extreme in such Psychodoids as the one shown in Fig. 7. or in those shown in Figs. 11, 10 etc. Macrochih would thus offer a better "starting point" than any other Tanyderid, in attempting to trace the modification of the pro- nota of the Psychodoidea in general.
In regard to the metanotum, this region is extremely large
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XliXVS 37
•
in Xcinopulpits, Bnte/ioinyia and Psychotla ( I. c., the region labelled ////// in Figs. 8, 10 and 11 ), although in such a Psycho- did as Phlebotomus ( Fig. 9, inln ) it becomes markedly narrow in the median region. The metanotum intii of Macrochile ( Fig. 1 ) is somewhat intermediate in type between that of the Tanyderids and Psychodids, so that even in this particular also, Macrochile occupies an intermediate anatomical position in keeping with its general annectant character.
It is rather disappointing to find that Phlebotomus' meta- notum is narrowed in the median region, since the combina- tion of peculiarly broad metanotum and extremely narrowed pronotum would otherwise serve to differentiate the Psy- chodidae from the other Psychodoid families. The very narrow pronotum and medianly narrowed metanotum of Bittacomorpha ( Fig. 7 ) however, would indicate that Bitta- coniorpJia might have inherited some of the tendencies which affect the mode of development of Phlebotomus (Fig. 9) also, and the Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae thus exhibit in some of their members peculiar tendencies which may have been inherited from a common ancestry. The type of pronota, however, is not precisely similar in the Psychodidae and in the Ptychopteridae with reduced pronotum (Fig. 7), so that there is no difficulty in distinguishing the two groups thorac- ically, and the suture b, present in the Psychodids, is lacking in the Pty chop ter ids.
All of the Ptychopteridae which I have examined have a peculiar "prehaltere" labelled />/•// in Figs. 6 and 7. This "pre- haltere" may possibly serve as an organ for detecting currents of air in Might, or for directing flight, or some similar func- tion, although its real significance is not known. It seems to lie peculiar to the Ptychopteridae, since I have seen no mention of its occurrence in other groups of Diptera, although in the Syrphidae an organ having a somewhat similar appear- ance occurs under the fore wing in the region of the subalar plate, but of course it is not in any sense homologous with the organ in question in the Ptychopteridae.
The location of the metathoracic spiracle extremely close to
38 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS- [Feb.. '26
the base of the cut-off halter in the Ptychopterids here figured is a character they share with all Psychodoids, while the very tiny mesothoracic spiracle (located just back of the pro- notum) is peculiar to all the Psychodidae and the tendency toward the reduction of the mesothoracic spiracle is not shared by the rest of the Psychodoidea. It may be remarked in pass- ing, that the mesothoracic spiracle of the Mecopteran Nannochorista (Fig/ 5) is very tiny also, but the meso- thoracic spiracle is proportionately much larger in the Mecopter*an Bittacns.
The thoracic features indicating a close relationship between the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae. then, are the location of the metathoracic spiracle very close to the halter, the fusion of the detached mesothoracic meron with the lower portion of the epimtron, the demarcation of the sclerite saf, and the incomplete character of the suture a, and of the suture .v (of all figures). The nature of the thoracic struc- ture would thus indicate that the Ptychopteridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae were descended from a common ancestry (from which Macrochile has departed but little) and should be grouped in a single superfamily, the Psychodoidea.
I formerly thought that the subfamily Bruchomyinae, placed in the Tanyderidae by Dr. Alexander, represents a distinct family, the "Bruchomyidae," but the thoracic sclerites of Brnchornyia and Xcmof>alpns (Figs. 10 and 8) are so similar to those of such Psychodidae as Phlcbotomus (Fig. 9) that it is necessary to place the Bruchomyines in the family Psychodidae. The male genitalia. venation, etc., of Brtich- omyia, however, are of a quite different type from those of Phlcbotomus and Psychoda, and I would prefer to retain the subfamily Bruchomyinae instead of sinking it in the Phlebo- tominae as Mr. Edwards seems inclined to do.
(To he continued.)
ABBREVIATIONS.
a Anepisternal suture
acm Pteropleurite or ancpimerum
acs Anepisternuni
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 39
apu Antepronotum
b Anepimeral suture
bp Basalar pit
c Pleural suture
ex Coxa
cc Eucoxa
em Epimerum
es Episternum
lc Lateral cervical plate (laterocervicale)
mpl Meropleurum
mt Mediotergum
intn Metanotum
p Prescutal suture
pat Paratergum
pn Pronotum
poh Posthaltere
ppn Postpronotum
prh Prehaltere
psc Prescutum
psl Postscutellum
pt Postalare or pleurotergum
s Scutal suture
saf Subalifer
xc Scutum
si Scutellum
spl Sternopleurum or katepisternum
st Sternum
EXPLANATION OF PLATES III AND IV. Fig. 1. . . .Thorax of Tarry derid Macrochile spectrum Fig. 2.... Thorax of Tanyderid Tanydcrus forcipatus and
another species combined
Fig. 3 . . . . Prothorax of Tanyderid Peringueyomyina barnardi Fig. 4. . . .Thorax of Tanyderid Protoplasa filchii Fig. 5. . . .Prothorax of Mecopteran Nannochorista diptcroidcs Fig. 6. . . .Thorax of Ptychopterid Ptychoptcra rnfocincta Fig. 7. . . .Thorax of Bittacomorpha clavipes (a Ptychopterid) Fig. 8. . . .Thorax of Psychodid Nemopalpus seylandlae Fig. 9. . . .Thorax of Psychodid Phlebotomus sp. Fig. 10. . .Thorax of Psychodid Brnclnmiyui (ir^cntimi Fig. 11... Thorax of Psychodid Psychoda sp.
All figures are lateral views, and the anterior end is directed toward the left hand margin ; the dorsal region is toward the top of the plate.
40 ENTOMOLOGICAL \ii\vs [Feb., '26
A New Californian Syrphid (Diptera).
By W. M. DAVIDSON, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Vienna, Virginia.*
Ceriodes durani sp. nov.
Medium-sized species; pedicel of antennae very short; third antennal joint longer than second ; abdomen slightly longer than head and thorax combined, basally constricted; black and yellow species with rufous legs.
$. Length (antennae excluded) 12mm.. Length of wing 9mm. Antennal process or pedicel short, below practically obsolete, one-fifth as long as first antennal joint, testaceous, black at base where it joins the frons. First antennal joint a little shorter than third, third nearly three times as long as
Antennae of Ceriodes durani.
second, style two-thirds as long as second joint ; first joint rufo-testaceous, second fuscous, shining, third dull velvety black, style bright yellow, terminal ; first two joints short black pilose. Front yellow, a broad transverse black band across the ocelli reaching the eyes, pile fulvous. Rugose areas of the chitin are present adjacent to the upper eye corners. Post- ocular orbits black, yellow pollinose and pilose and enclosing an irregularly-shaped orange spot at lower third of the eyes. Below the eyes' is an elongate orange spot widening at its junction with the mouth edge and enclosed by the black of the cheeks and the black oblique facial stripe which connects the lower eye margin with the mouth edge. Sparse fulvous pile on cheeks and lower face. Face yellow, about the base of the antennal pedicel black, a small black dash on either side of the median below the antennae, a brown median spot just above the oral margin, an oblique black stripe connecting the lower eye corner with the mouth edge. Profile almost straight, a hardly perceptible tubercle just above the center of the mouth. Thorax dull black, with two narrow yellow parallel dorso-
* Published with permission nf the Secretary of Agriculture.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XKNVS 41
lateral stripes behind the suture and not attaining any margin or suture. Posterior angles brown. Humeral and ante-alar callosities yellow ; a large oval yellow spot on the mesopleura, a smaller one on the sternopleura below, no yellow spot on the pteropleura. Halteres orange. Squamae white ; pile fulvous, short. Wings without bristles except on the costa ; anterior half clouded light brown ; discal portion of third vein obtusely angulate and petiolate midway between its apex and the anterior cross-vein. Legs reddish-yellow ; femora on distal half below armed with two rows of short black spines. Pile of legs ful- vous. Coxae brown, light pilose. Scutellum yellow, anterior margin narrowly black, pile yellow. The thoracic pile is white and recurvent on the dorsum and fulvous on the yellow side areas. Post-scutellum black.
Abdomen constricted) at the suture between first and second segments, widest at middle of third segment. First segment black, sides narrowly brown, pile mostly whitish and erect at sides. Second segment about two-thirds as long as third or fourth, black, sides narrowly brown, the posterior bojrder broadly yellow, annulate and shining; pile mostly fulvou? and recurvent. Third and fourth segments black, each with a broad posterior yellow shining fascia and fulvous recurvent pile. On the dull disc of the third segment are two small triangular areas of yellow pollen, separated narrowly in the middle, their bases almost attaining the yellow posterior fascia. Similar but more extensive pollinose areas occur on the fourth segment, and these almost reach the anterior and lateral mar- gins of the segment. Fifth segment and venter of fourth black, entirely clothed with yellow pollen. Pile of the posterior segments fulvous and recurvent. The yellow fasciae reach the lateral margins for their full width.
<3. Length (antennae excluded) 11.5mm.
Vertical triangle black, shining. The enclosed yellow stripe below the eyes reduced to two small spots, and the orange spot behind the eyes much less extensive than in the female. The brown spot on the face below darker and more extensive than in the female, and produced upwards almost to the antennal pedicel in two narrow brown lines. Eighth tergite black, yel- lowish pollinose, with two small testaceous spots in front, the pile yellow and black. Sixth and seventh tergites light brown, chiefly black pilose.
Type female collected on April 18, 1915, in Mitchell Canyon at the base of Mt. Diablo, Contra Costal County, California.
42 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
Allotypc male collected on April 23, 1916, in the same locality. Both were taken about blossoms of poison oak (Rhus divcrsi- Icba), a plant much favored by syrphids. Types in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 28121).
Named for Mr. Victor Duran, who has collected extensively in California.
Enodia portlandia, andromacha and creola (Lep., Rhopalocera).
By HENRY SKINNER.
Mr. George P. Engelhardt, Curator of the Department of Natural Science of the Brooklyn Museum, has recently sent me six specimens of an Enodia, one from Mobile. Alabama, and five from Gainesville, Florida, all taken in the month of May.
There were five specimens here at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia : four from Chicasaw, Alabama, taken near the end of August, by W. C. Dukes, and one from Macon, Georgia, caught by Fred. W. Walker, April llth, 1915. The specimens from Florida and the other places are a form or race that have been sent to me as creola Skinner. However, it is not the same form or species. I only know of creola from the type and allotype in the collection here at the Academy and the perfect figure of the insect in Dr. Holland's Butterfly Book.
The southern form from Florida, Alabama and Georgia is very well figured under the name andromaclia in Hiibner's Samm. Exotischer Schmetterlinge, Band I. It is also beauti- fully figured by Boisduval and Leconte, Hist. Gen. Lep. Amer. Sept. pi. 58, under the name portlandia. Typical portlandia is well figured by W. H. Edwards in his great work on the But- terflies of North America, volume three We have some nice specimens of portlandia from as far north as Miniota, Mani- toba, Canada, taken by Hugh Gibbon, in the latter part of June. Andromacha represents the Gulf State form of port- ion diet, or a different species, according to whether you are a lumper or a splitter.
The exact status of creola is not known ; the spaces between the veins on the primary wings are filled by plush-like scales.
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 43
olive-green in color and on each of these spaces is a fawn- colored spot, wedge-shaped, and at the outer end of each of these is an ocellus ; the first, third and fourth are of the same size and the second and fifth are almost ohsolete. The ocelli in androiuacha vary in size and are twice as large as in crcola. There is no white on crcola below, which is so conspicuous in andromacha. If one compares Dr. Holland's figure of crcola with the figure of andromacha ( as portlandia ) in Boisduval and Leconte, the differences will be readily seen. What their relationship is, time, study and plenty of material will deter- mine.
^^H — *** —
A Short List of Scutelleroidea Collected in New Mexico in 1916.
By GEO W. BARBER,
Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations, Bureau of Ento- mology, United States Department of Agriculture. During the summer of 1916 at a field station located at Max- well, New Mexico, the writer was engaged in a study of a Pentatomid (Chlorochrou sayi Stal) injurious to the immature heads of grain. Several species of Scutelleroidea were collected from May to September of that year and the following list of these captures is offered here in the interest of geographical distribution.
Maxwell, Colfax County, New Mexico, lies in the north- eastern corner of the state on the Santa Fe railroad, about 20 miles from the Colorado line. The immediate country is a rolling plateau, the elevation of Maxwell being 6,078 feet ac- cording to Gannett's Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (1890, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 160). This plateau is bounded by mountains on the north, east and west, but is open towards the south. On the west Culebra range lies, some 30 miles distant while the Raton range lies about 10 miles to the east and borders the plateau on the north. At Maxwell, a small irrigation project supported a population of a few hundred people in 1916, the principal crops being alfalfa, sugar beets, beans and so forth.
44 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS | Feb., '26
Several years ago Mr. Otto Heidemann determined several
of the species listed, while Prof. E. P. Van Duzee has more
recently named several others. A list of the species collected during 1916 follows :
Homaemus parvulus ( Germ, i VIII 18; IX 18, 30.
Amncstns pusillus Uhl. IX 2.
Rhytldolouiia vlridicata ( Walk. ) V 28.
Rhytidolomia faccta (Say) V 19.
Chlorochroa ligata (Say) V 22 IX 16.
Chlorochroa sayi Stal Throughout season.
Carpocoris reuwtus Horv. VII 14.
Aelia aincricaiia Dall. V 25.
Thyanta cnstator (Fabr.) Throughout season.
Thyanta rugnlosa (Say) V 18.
Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) V 19.
Perillus biocitlatus (Fabr.) V 28.
Perillus virgatus Dist. V 22; VI 14.
Apateticns marginiventris (Stal) VII 21.
Podisus acntissiimis Stal \'1TI 7.
Undescribed Species of Crane-Flies from the Eastern United States and Canada. (Dipt. : Tipulidae).
Part II.
By CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege, Arnherst, Massachusetts.
In the present paper a few of the more interesting novelties that have recently come to hand are described. These were included in extensive collections submitted by Professor Rogers and Mr. Curran, and smaller lots received from Dr. Crampton, Mr. Lacroix and Mr. Shannon. The very interesting Hc.ra- toma was included in the extensive collections of the Vienna Museum, kindly sent to me for study by Dr. Zernv in 1921.
j j j j
The fly was described at that time, but the diagnosis withheld from press in the hope that more material would be forthcom- ing in some one or another of the extensive collections of North American Tipulidae now being studied. No further material has come to hand, however, and it seems best to describe the species without further delay. My sincere thanks are extended to all of the gentlemen mentioned for their kind co-operation in makincr known this still insufficiently-known fauna. Where
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 45
not mentioned to the contrary, the types are preserved in tin- writer's collection.
Dicranomyia rogersiana sp. n.
General coloration shiny brown and yellow; antennae brown- ish black throughout ; head gray, the center of the vertex black ; mesonotal praescutum with three broad darker stripes; win-s with a faint brownish tinge, stigma oval, darker brown ; Sc long, Sci and Sc-2 subequal ; cell 1st M>> closed; male hypopy- gium with a single dististyle that is narrowed at apex into a .slender finger-like lobe.
c? Length about 4 mm. ; wing 4.8 mm. $ Length about 5 mm. ; wing 5.4 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black. Antennae brownish black throughout, the flagellar segments short-oval, becoming more elongate outwardly, the verticils longer than the segments. Head dark gray, the center of the vortex black.
Pronotum dark brown above, paler laterally. Mesonotal praescutum shiny yellow with three broad shiny brown stripes, the median one broad, more widened posteriorly ; lateral stripes widely separated from the median one, occupying the lateral margin of the praescutum and not confluent with the scutal vittae ; remainder of mesonotum shiny light brown. Pleura dark brown. In the type male, the colors are much paler and the specimen is presumably teneral. Halteres short, yellow, the knobs brown.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters brownish testaceous: femora dark brown, the bases paler ; tibiae and tarsi brownish black.
Wings -with a very faint brownish tinge, the oval stigma darker brown ; veins dark brown. Macrotrichiae of veins rela- tively long and conspicuous. Venation : Sc long, ending op- posite two-thirds the length of Rs (?) to four-fifths this dis- tance (J1) Sc-2 at tip of Sci, Rs arcuated to slightly angulated at origin; r at tip of R] , provided with macrotrichiae, the tip of RI pale and subobsolete ; cell 1st M ^ large, short-rectangular, about one-half longer than vein J/4 beyond it; in-cit close to fork of M. In the female. //; is longer and arcuated.
Abdomen dark brown, the ninth segment of male more yel- lowish ; hypopygiuni dark. .Male hypopygium with the basis- tyles elongate, with a simple lobe near base of the ventro-mesal aspect. A single dististyle, this broad on basal two-thirds, the apical third suddenly prolonged into a slender, finger-like lobe; outer face of style with a few long powerful setae, the
46 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
lower or cephalic face with more abundant microscopic setulae. Ovipositor with the tergal valves slender, acute at tips, gently upcurved.
Habitat. — Georgia, Florida. Holotype : <$, Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida, May 30, 1924 (/. S. Rogers') ; Col- lector's No. 156. Allotype: ?, 2 miles north of Vienna, Dooley County, Georgia, June 1, 1923, at light (J. S. Rogers).
This interesting crane-fly is named in honor of my friend, Professor J. Speed Rogers. Of the described Nearctic species the fly may be confused only with D. ghbithora.r Osten Sacken, from which it differs in the normal structure of the mesonotum, the venation, and structure of the male hypopygium. The type is preserved in the writer's collection, the allotype returned to Professor Roers.
Dicranomyia lacroixi sp. n.
General coloration brownish ochreous. the praescutum with three conspicuous dark brown stripes ; pleura uniformly och- reous : antennae black throughout: winrs narrow, cell 1st M-> closed ; male hypopygium with a single dististyle. this produced into an elongate powerful rostrum bearing a single small spine nepr midlength.
c? Length about 6 mm. ; wins: 6.9 mm.
Rostrum brownish vellow, the palpi black. Antennae black throughout, the flagellar segments oval with short verticils. Head dark gray, the anterior vertex more infuscated, the occi- put paling into brownish ochreous : anterior vertex about one- half wider than the diameter of the basal scapal segment.
Pronotum brownish ochreous with a broad, dark brown, dorsal stripe. Mesonotum brownish ochreous the praescutum with three conspicuous dark brown stripes, the short lateral strines crossing the suture and including the scutal lobes ; re- mainder of mesonotum dark-colored, pruinose. Pleura uni- formly brownish ochreous, this color likewise including the postnotal pleurotergite. Halteres relatively short, dark brown, the extreme base of stem yellowish.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow; re- mainder of legs elongate, dark brown, the femoral bases paler.
Wings long and narrow, tinged with yellowish ; a vague dusky seam along vein Cu^ and the anal angle strongly infus- cated ; veins of the costal region yellowish, the distal arid posterior veins darker. Venation : Sc-^ ending about opposite
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 47
one-fifth the length of Rs, Sc2 not evident ; Rs gently arcuated,- about one-half longer than the basal section of ^4+5 which is almost in alignment ; r faint, at extreme tip of RI ; cell 1st M2 closed, rectangular, approximately equal in length to the veins beyond it ; transverse elements closing cell 1st KI^ very pale ; m-cn at fork of M.
Abdomen brown, the sternites paler. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite deeply notched medially, each lateral lobe rounded and with about a dozen powerful elongate setae, with additional smaller ones. Basistyles relatively small, the mesa! lobe slender, the setae on its cephalic face longer. A single developed dististyle, this a* small fleshy lobe that is provided with long setae, the mesal face produced mesad into a long, gently curved rostrum with a single, gently curved spine near midlength of caudal margin ; apex of rostrum with a few small setae. Gonapophyses with the mesal lobe long and slender, the tip subacute.
Habitat. — Massachusetts. Holotypc: <$, Rochester, Ply- mouth County, on cranberry bog, July 9, 1924 (D. S. Lacroix).
Dicranomyia lacroi.vi is named in honor of the collector of the type-specimen, Mr. Donald Lacroix. The species is very isolated although bearing a superficial resemblance to D. longi- pcnnis (Schummel), to which species it would run by the author's key to the Eastern species of Dicranomyia (Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 25: 894-895; 1919). The fly is readily distinguished by the diagnostic characters indicated above.
Dicranomyia cramptoni sp. n.
General coloration dark brown, the pleura yellowish gray pruinose ; antennae black throughout ; rostrum dark ; halteres short, the knobs inf uscated ; wings tinged with gray, the stigma brown ; Sc 1 long, ending opposite or just beyond the origin of Rs: male hypopygium large and very complicated in structure.
<$. Length 5.5-5.8 mm. ; wing 6-6.5 mm. ?. Length about 6.5-7 mm. ; wing about 6.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi brownish black'. Antennae black through- out, the flagellar segments oval. Head gray, the anterior vertex about twice as wide as the diameter of scape.
Pronotum dark brown. Mesmmtum dark brown, the prae- scutum laterally with a sparse yellow pollen, the median stripe remaining shiny, scutellum dark brown with an obscure yellow basal median spot ; postnotum dark brown, gray pruinose.
48 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
Pleura dark brown, heavily yellowish gray pruinose. Halteres relatively short, obscure yellow, the knobs dark brown.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters obscure yellow ; femora light brown, the bases extensively more yellowish, the tips nar- rowly dark brown ; tibiae brown, the tips somewhat darker, tarsi brownish black.
Wings with a faint grayish tinge; stigma small, circular, brown, veins dark brown. Venation : Sc-[ ending opposite or slightly beyond the origin of Rs, 5Y2 some distance from its tip, Sci alone about equal to or longer than in- en ; vein RI curved toward ^2+3 at the stigma, the tip pale and subobso- lete ; Rs arcuated, about twice the basal deflection of /?4 + .-> ; cell 1st A/o closed, rectangular, shorter than any of the veins beyond it ; in-cn at or before the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the sternites obscure brown- ish yellow ; hypopygium dark. Male hypopygium very large and complicated in structure. Ninth tergite with a stout lobe at each caudo-lateral angle, each of these provided with two tufts of stout vellow setae, the space between the lobes extensive, broadly U-shaped. Basistyle stout, the ventro-mesal lobe large and complicated, with a duskv, more basal, cylindrical lobule terminating in a brush of yellow setae ; apex of lobe broadly expanded into a flattened pale blade that is further split into three conspicuous divisions, the margins of which are conspi- cuously fringed with setae. At the base of the ventral dististyle, on ventral side, a powerful, terete, boomerang-shaped structure, pale in color, directed ventrad and caudad. Ventral dististyle large and fleshy, the usual rostriform structure here greatly complicated by supernumerary outgrowths, including a long, pale tail-like blade near the usual two spines ; apex of rostrum expanded into two flattened, divergent blades, the more basal of which is densely set with setae and short spinulae. Dorsal dististyle strongly curved, the tip .suddenly narrowed to an acute point. Ovipositer with the tergal valves relatively small and slender, gently upcurved, projecting very slightly beyond the level of the stout, straight sternal valves.
Habitat. — Massachusetts. J-lolotyfe: d. Fish-hatchery, near Sunderland, Franklin County, altitude 200 feet, October 16, 1924 (C. P. Alexander). Allotofotype, 9. Paratopotvpes, 3 al- coholic c?cT, October 15, 1924 (G. C. Crampon); 3 <$<$'. 3 $?. with the type (C. P. Alexander).
Dicranomyia eraniptoni is named in honor of Dr. G. C. Crampton, who collected the first-discovered specimens. The
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\YS 49
fiies were swept from small patches of Jnnciis in a single res- tricted locality. The fly is very different from any known to the writer. The structure of the male hypopygium is exceed- ingly complicated by outgrowths that involve not only the basis- tyles but even more strikingly the rostral region of the ventral dististyle. The hypopygium is more complicated in structure than in either of the Palaearctic species, D. ni-agnicanda Lund- strom (Northern Europe) or D. inc^dcanda Alexander (Northern Japan").
Hexatoma microcera sp. n.
General coloration gray pruinose ; antennae of male short, if bent backward barely attaining the wing-root; praescutum with three blackish stripes ; legs comparatively short and stout ; wings subhyaline, faintly tinged with brown; r on ^0+3 near the fork.
c?. Length 5.8-6.5 mm. ; wing 7.1-8 mm.
Rostrum short, brown, pruinose; palpi dark brown. Anten- nae relatively short, if bent backward barely attaining the wing- root, dark brown ; seven antennal segments, the terminal one microscopic ; first flagellar segment about equal to the follov. ing two taken together ; flagellar segments 2, 3 and 4 gradually shortened. Head dark brown, the orbits narrowly light gray pruinose, the low vertical tubercle likewise pruinose.
Mesonotum light gray, the praescutum with three blackish stripes; scutum gray, the centers of the lobes blackish; scutel- lum and postnotum gray pruinose. Pleura dark brown, pruin- ose, the dorsopleural membrane dark brown. Thorax clothed with moderately long erect white setae. Halteres pale, the knobs infuscatecl.
Legs comparatively short and stout ; coxae gray pruinose ; femora reddish brown, the tips passing into black ; tibiae and basitarsi similar, their tips narrowly darkened ; remainder of tarsi dark brown.
Wings subhyaline, faintly tinged with brown in cells C and Sc, along Rs and the radial veins and along the cord ; veins dark- brown. Venation: Sc~i ending immediately before the fork of Rs, Sc2 some distance from its tip, Sc-[ alone about equal to r-;//; r on T^o-j-^ a little more than its own length before the fork; cell R>2 larger than cell 2nd RI ; veins ^/iH-^, A/ 4 and Ciii subevanescent at tips ; m-cu at or just before the fork of M.
Abdomen dark brown, provided with erect white setae.
50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NE\v.s [Feb., '26
Habitat. — North America, without exact data. Plolotypc, d1, Labelled "Smiths, Amer. bor., 1867." Paratopotypcs, 2 dtf.
Type in the collection of the Vienna Museum.
Compared with He.vatoina megacera (Osten Sacken), the present species is seen to bq a large light gray fly with heavier body and stouter legs. The short antennae contrast strikingly with the condition found in megacera where the organ is longer than the entire body. The fly is more closely allied to the larger H. burmeisteri (Loew) of Europe but is distinct from any of the numerous European species. It is unfortunate that the exact locality is in doubt since the species is of more than ordinary interest. Dr. Zerny suggests that the "Smiths" of the locality label may refer to the collector (as Smithson) rather than to any locality.
Dicranota currani sp. n.
d1. Length about 5 mm. ; wing 7-7.3 mm.
Closely related to D. divaricata Alexander, from which it differs as follows :
Mesonotal praescutum yellowish gray with three very con- spicuous dark brown stripes, the broad median stripe entire except near the suture. Legs stouter, especially the middle legs, brownish black with the exception of the restricted femoral bases. Abdomen uniformly dark brown, including the hypo- pygium. Male hypopygium with the ventral interbase a long flattened blade, the apex subacute to acute, the mesal or inner edge nearly straight, the lateral or outer edge gently curved to the apex. Lateral arms of gonapophyses much broader and stouter than in D. divaricata.
Habitat. — Ontario, Quebec. Holotypc: d1, Ottawa, Ontario, May 9, 1923 (C. H. Cnrran). Allotype, 9, Hull, Quebec, May 9, 1924 (C. H. Cnrran). Paratopotypes, 8 <?c?; paratypcs, 23 c?9, with the allotype.
Type in the Canadian National Collection.
This interesting Dicranota is named in honor of the collec- tor, Mr. C. Howard Curran, to whom I am indebted for many favors in the past.
Rhaphidolabis (Rhaphidolabis) avis sp. n.
Very similar to R. (R.) tcnuipcs Osten Sacken, from which it differs strikingly in the structure of the male hypopygium.
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XFAVS 51
Median lobe of ninth termite slender, as in the ten ni fit's group. Dorsal interbase produced into a slender chitinized rod, at about two-thirds the length narrowed and bent at a right angle to the acute tip. Ventral interbase in its general contour suggesting the body of a bird, the flattened body portion with about eight delicate setae, the head produced mesad into a strong- chitinized beak, the region of the frons with a smaller squat spine. Disti- style a long flattened blade that narrows gradually to the subacute apex.
Habitat.— Virginia. H oh type: d, Dead Run, Fairfax Coun- ty, September 27, 1914 (R. C. Shannon).
A New Species of the Genus Condidea (Diptera, Syrphidae).
By RAYMOND C. OSBURN, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
The genus Condidea was erected in 1907 by Coquillett (Can- adian Entomologist, XXXIX, p. 75) to include only his new species Condidea lata, which thereby became the genotype. Although Condidea is related rather closely to Sericoinyia Meigen, it has been generally accepted as a distinct genus. C. lata has been taken a number of times and shows a consider- able range in distribution, from the New England states to Wisconsin, but it has nowhere been reported as common. John- son (Fauna of New England. 15, Occasional Papers of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, Feb.. 1925) has placed the Seri- comyia se.vfasciata of Walker, also a rare species, in the genus Condidea- Both of these species are probably quite northern in their distribution. Tn consideration of these facts, it will K- of interest to describe and record another species of Con- didea. This is also northern, taken at Fargo. Xortli Dakota, and thus far is known from a single female. The specimen has been in my hands for a number of years, but I have delayed describing it in the hope that more material might come to hand.
Condidea transversa n. sp.
General characters very similar to those selected by Coquil- lett in C. lata for defining the genus, but differing in a number of ways, especially in the character of the abdominal markings.
52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
9. Face yellow, with yellowish pollen and fine yellowish white pile ; a black facial stripe connects on the antennal process with the black of the front, and below with a broad oral margin of the same color, which also covers the cheeks broadly. Front narrowed above with a well-marked median groove; whitish pollinose on the lower part, a supra-antennal spot and the upper part more shining, pile short and black. First two antennal joints black, third joint reddish brown, sub-quadrate, with rounded angles ; arista also reddish and long reddish plumose. Occiput with long yellow pile behind the vertex and on the lower part, between these the pile is very short and is black near the eye margins. Face and tubercle moderately produced.
Thorax bronze, with blue reflections, humeri distinctly white pollinose, pile above very short, dark yellowish, becoming blackish on the disc, on the pleurae longer and light yellowish. Scutellum purplish bronze, with pile above very short and black, longer on the margin and mixed with yellow on the sides. 'There is a transverse band of light yellow short pile between the black pile of the thorax and that of the scutellum.
Abdomen ovate, distinctly broader than thorax, depressed, hind margins of the third and fourth segments somewhat shin- ing and the whole of the fifth conspicuously shining. Seg- ments 2, 3 and 4 each with a pair of conspicuous, straight, transverse yellow spots, broadly separated on the midline, more narrowly separated from the lateral and anterior margins. The spots on segment 2 are very striking, more than half the length of the segment and fully twice as broad as the following spots, which are about equal in size. The anterior and pos- terior borders of all the spots are straight and parallel. Pile very short, longer and yellowish on the anterior angles and on the yellow spots of segment 2 ; otherwise black. Venter red- dish yellow on sides near base : otherwise black.
Femora black, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the knees nar- rowly reddish brown, pulvilli yellowish. Wings somewhat infuscated at base and on anterior part, veins black, pleuros- tigma brown, venation like that of C. /a/a, the 'third vein con- siderably incurved into the first posterior cell. Halteres light reddish yellow ; alulae white, with long whitish yellow pile. Length, 13 mm.
Holotype, a single female taken by O. A, Stevens at Fargo,
North Dakota, June 22, 1913, on flowers of Rnbits strigosus.
The species of Condidcd, /a/a, sc.rfasciata and tmuxrrrso.
differ from Scricomyia in the curved third vein, the very broad
*first pair of abdominal spots, and the more depressed form of
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOOICAI. \K\VS 53
the abdomen. These species may be separated by the shape and position of the abdominal spots, as follows :
1. First pair nearly round, the following ones reniform or broken into spots, the third noticeably oblique . . . .C. lata
2. First pair constricted at the middle or abruptly widened at the outer end, the following ones similar in form but narrower C. sexfasciata
3. First pair nearly twice as long as wide, the anterior and posterior borders straight and parallel, the following spots much narrower, all the spots transverse C. transz'crsa
Assistance Wanted in the Study of Ants (Hym. : Formicidae).
EDITOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS :
The writer, who is a graduate student in the Department of Entomology at the University of Illinois, has chosen as a sub- ject for his doctorate thesis a study of the ants of a Middle- Western town, with especial reference to those infesting houses.
Among the eight or ten species of ants known as common house pests in Urbana, Illinois, there is one species that is extremely abundant and annoying ; this species is Tapinoma sessile Say.
This ant is about 2.4 mm. long, varies from a light brown to almost a pitch black in color, and is easily recognized by the absence of a well-developed scale or node on the petiole. The workers when crushed have a peculiar rotten cocoanut-like or nauseating odor. These ants have a fondness for nesting in the soil under logs, stones, planks or leaves and are often found nesting in rotting wood or under the loose bark of fallen logs and limbs. As it is a native ant, it has a wide distribution and should be found in everv state in the Union.
j
I wish to fully investigate the distribution, biology, and con- trol of this species and also attempt to definitely ascertain whether it has sub-species or varieties. If you have alcoholic or mounted specimens of Tapiiioma sessile, will you not kindly loan them to the writer for study? Any information you are in position to furnish concerning any phase of this ant's biology, distribution, control, natural enemies, etc., will be very help- ful to me and will be greatly appreciated. In the event that I publish, I shall be glad to make the proper acknowledgments.
Trusting that I may secure your interest and co-operation in this investigation, and assuring you of my willingness to reciprocate in any possible way,
M. R. S.MITM, Natural History Uldg., Urbana, Illinois.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, 1926.
Entomology at the "Convocation Week" Meetings, December 28, 1925, to January 2, 1926.
Our annual summary of the papers on Tracheate Arthropods is based, this time, exclusively on the printed programs of (a) The American Association for the Advancement of Science and Associated Societies meeting at Kansas City, Missouri, and (&) The American Society of Naturalists and The American Society of Zoologists at New Haven, Connecticut. It is proper to admit that the term "Convocation Week," so widely em- phasized some years ago, appears to have fallen into disuse and would not appear in our title if it were not that it gives a certain continuity to the editorials of the February numbers of the NEWS.
The programs for Kansas City listed entomological papers for the following bodies ('after deducting duplications) :
Entomological Society of America alone 27
The same with American Association of Economic En- tomologists 7
American Association of Economic Entomologists alone . .83
Section F (Zoology), Amer. Asso. Adv. Science alone .... 7
The same with Ecological Society of America 5
The same with American Society of Parasitologists 2
American Society of Parasitologists alone 1
Botanical Society of America, Joint Genetics Sections .... 3
The same with Ecological Soc. Amer 1
Ecological Society of America alone 5
American Phytopathological Society alone 2
The same with Potato Association of America . 1
Total 144
The corresponding numbers on the programs for New Haven, after similar deductions, were
American Society of Naturalists 7
American Society of Zoologists 7
Total 14
Total for both localities 158
54
xxxvii, '26 1 i \ T(I.M<IL<H;H-AI. NK\VM
The subjects treated in these 158 papers follow; where two numbers are given separated by a comma, the first refers to Kansas City, the second to Xew Haven; otherwise the number is that of papers announced for the Missouri City.
i Do. Fruit 12
Teaching entomology .... 2 Do. Stored Products 4
Technique 2 Do. Forest & Shade Trees . . 3
Cytology 3.3 ii
Anatomy 3 Comprehensive Groups ... 4
Physiology 8. 2 Myriopoda 1
Ontogeny 3. 1 Araneina 1 . 1
Genetics 3. 4 Acarina 1
Ecology 17 Orthoptera 8, 2
Parasites -of Insects ... .8. 4 Isoptera 2. 2
Insects affecting Man and Odonata 2, 1
Animals 6 Neuroptera 1
Bibliography 1 Homoptera 12
Nomenclature 1 Heteroptera 4
General Subjects 3 Coleoptera 16
General Economic Ento- Hymenoptera (c.rcl.
mology 11 Apis) 3
Insecticides 20 Apis 7
Apiculture 11 Lepidoptera 14
[nsects affecting Cereal, Diptera (c.vcl. Droso-
Forage and Field Crops. 15 phila) 8. 2
Do. Truck Crops 7 Drosophila 1. 5
Do. Greenhouse Plants ... 2 Siphonaptera 1
Many of these figures are duplicated, both between sections i and ii and also within each section.
It will be noted that the total number of papers, 158, is lower than that of the two preceding years: 166 (Washington, 1924-5) and 180 (Cincinnati. 1923-4).
The annual public address of the Entomological Society of America was by Dr. Yernon Kellogg, "Cooperation or Isola- tion in Science," while Dr. L. O. Howard reported to both entomological societies on the International Congress of En- tomology of Zurich. A joint meeting of the two societies was held for a symposium on Insect Parasitism, seevn speakers hav- ing been announced.
Another symposium, participated in by Section F, A. A. A. S. and the new American Society of ParasitologistSj entitled
56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
''Medical Aspects of Parasitology," included two entomological titles, and two such were also announced for the symposium of the joint session of the Botanical and Ecological Societies of America on "Prairie Ecology."
Notes and Ne\vs.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
Personal Mention.
Dr. Vernon Kellogg has been made Commander of the Order of Leopold by King Albert.
H. H. Knight, assistant professor of entomology, Iowa State College, has been advanced to associate professorship.
F. M. Hull has been appointed an instructor in zoology and entomology at the State College, Pullman, Wash.
H. G. Barber is working on a catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the world, in co-operation with other hemipterists.
C. F. Muesbeck is preparing a revision of the American braconid flies belonging to the subfamily Braconinae.
—Journal of Economic Entomology.
Changes of Address.
Wm. F. Lawler, Jr., Pompton Plains, N. J. W. S. Blatchley, Box 374, Dunedin, Fla. Owen Bryant, Banff, Alta., Canada. A. B. Wolcott, Field Mus. N. H., Chicago, 111. R. A. Leussler, 115 South 52nd Street, Omaha, Nebr. L. G. Centner, 225 Bailey Street, East Lansing, Mich. Lawrence Bruner, 3033 Deakin Street, Berkeley, Cal. Hugo Kahlj Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. S. W. Frost, Penn State College Laboratory, Arndts- ville, Pa.
Bennet A. Porter, 2 East Locust Street, Vincennes, Ind. J. N. Knull, 1120 North 17th Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
The Dognin Collection of Lepidoptera at the U. S. National Museum.
Last spring Dr. Wm. Schaus carried on a successful cam- paign to raise the money for the purchase of the Dognin col- lection of Lepidoptera for the National Museum. Mr. Dognin, a well-known French Lepidopterist, offered his collection for $50,000. This amount Dr. Schaus succeeded in raising, largely among his personal acquaintances. In the early summer he went to France, accompanied by Mr. J. T. Barnes as assistant, and they personally attended to the packing- of the collection,
XXXvil, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL N'KWs- 57
which reached the National Museum in good condition in Sep- tember. It contains about 82,000 specimens of butterflies and moths, among which are types of about 3,300 species, nearly all American.
This is the second notable addition to the Division of Insects within the year, the first having" been the late Colonel Thos. L. Casey's large collection of Coleoptera. These collections represent the life work of two distinguished entomologists and are the greatest additions which the Division of Insects has ever received since its establishment, except the gifts of Dr. Schaus himself. J. M. ALDRICII.
Associate Curator, Division of Insects, U. S. X. M.
Lecture by Dr. E. P. Felt.
A course of free public lectures will be given in the lecture room of the Education Building. New York State Museum, Albany, New York, from January to April, 1926, on Friday afternoons. The opening lecture was to be on January 8, "Social Life Among Insects," by Dr. E. P. Felt, State En- tomologist.
Collecting in the West.
Many Lorquin Entomological Club members and associates spent the past summer months of 1925 collecting in new territories on the Pacific Coast. The attached list of names and localities visited may be1 of interest to Eastern collectors who desire exchange of specimens from these places.
Jack Beller — Sierra Madre Mts. California, Dr. J. A. Comstock — Desert Mts. of Nevada and Utah, J. E. Cottle— Shasta County, Calif., Geo. Field — Colorado Desert, Calif., Chas. Fox — Oregon and Washington, J. D. Gunder — Plumas County, Calif., Chas. Ingham — Northwestern Calif., Geo. Malcolm — Owens Valley district, Calif., Hal Ncwcomb — San Bernardino Mts., Calif., R. F. Sternitzky — Northwestern Calif., John Strohbeen — Sierra County, Calif., V. Wyckoff — Kern County, Calif. CHAS. INGHAM, Secretary.
Oviposition of Brenthis bellona (Lep.: Nymphalidae).
Brcntliis bellona has enough originality to depart from the usual custom of butterflies, of placing eggs only Ion the food- plant. One year on the 13th of May, a meadow fritillary was Hed in a bag over a clumn of violets, \vas fed daily, but ova failed to appear on the foliage. The butterfly was exceedingly restless, it seemed useless to keep her longer and on the 16th she was freed. The bag was torn open and it was a surprise
58 ENTOMOLOC.ICAI. \K\VS | 1'Vh., '26
to find little, yellow, pointed eggs had been scattered over the end of the paper bag — in a moth-like manner — where you couldn't see when you peeped in. There were fifty-nine of them, stouter than philodicc eggs, conical, flattened at the apex, with many longitudinal lines, joined by minute cross lines. On the 29th of May the eggs vverd turning gray and on the 31st the hairy, dirty-colored larvae, with dark heads, came out. At the end of June nearly all had grown and become pretty brown chrysalids trimmed with gilt spots and were pendant from the cover of the can or the stems of the violets. The first adult emerged on the second of July.
N. McMuRRAY, Clearfield, Penna.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted; but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in the paragraph beginning with (N). Those pertaining to Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed.
A — Canadian Entomologist. 9 — The Entomologist. 10— Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 12 — Journal of Economic Ent. 14 — Ent. Zeitschrift, Franfurt a. M. 15 — Insecutor Ins. Menstruus. 18 — Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 21— The Entomologist's Record. 33 — Hull, et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 50 — Proc. U. S. National Mus. 69 — Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci., Paris. 70 — Bui. Ent. Pologne. 72 — Eos. Rev. Espanola, Ent. 74 — Acta Ent. Mus.. Pragae. 75 — An- nals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 101 — Biol. Bulle- tin, Woods Hole, Mass. 130 — Ohio jour, of Sciences. 140 -Oc. Pap., Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan. 143— Bui.. i)iv. Nat. Hist. Surv., Urbana. 144 — Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.. Paris.
GENERAL. — Bibliographia Zoologica. Vol. xxxv, 530 pp. Campbell, F. L. — Insect toxology. — Science, Ixiii. 45-6. Coker, R. E. — Fauna of Penikese island [Identification of the insects by various entomologists]. 1923. — 101, 17-37. Graves, P. P. — Ovgr collecting. — 9, Iviii, 297-8. Hayward,
xxxvii, '2<>| ENTOMOLOGICAL \K\Vs
K. J. — Miscellaneous notes from Argentina. — 21, 151-4 (cont. ). Hunter, W. D. — Obituary.-- 12. xviii. 844-8. Keler, S. — Ein versuch der amvendung mathcmatischer methoden auf die entomologische systematik. — 70, iv. 14'^- 96. Kiefer, O. — Jugend und entomologic. — 14, xxxix. 125-n. Richardson, R. E. — Illinois River bottom fauna in 1923.— 143, xv, 391-422. Schuster, W.— Blaul)lindlK-it der vogel und blaue schmetterlinge und kaefer. — 18, xix, 241-2.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.—
Clare, M. R. — Study of oxygen metabolism in Dros. melano- gaster. — 101, xlix, 440-60. Grandori, R. — Studi sulla blasto- cinesi degl insetti. — Rend. Atti, R. Ace. Xaz. Lincei, 1925. ii. 449-55. Pruthi, H. S. — Moulting of insects. — Nature. cxvi, 938.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Brazil e Vellard.
— Contribuicao ao estudo do veneno das aranhas. — Mem. Inst. de Butantan, Sao Paulo, ii, 5-78. Ewing, H. E.— Sulphur-impregnated clothing to protect against chiggers.
-12, xviii. 827-9.
(N) Mueller, A. — Zur kenntnis der jugendformen einiger Opilioniden. — Senckenbergiana, vii, 210-24.
(S) *Mello-Leito. — Pequenas notas arachnologicas.— Bol. Mus. Xac., Rio de Janeiro, i, 455-63. *Vellard, J.— Urn novo genero e duas especies novas de aranha do estado de S. Paulo. — Mem. Inst. de Butantan, Sao Paulo, ii, 79-84.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.— <X)
*Cockerell, T. D. A. — Xe\v fossil Inocellia (Xeuroptera)
from Florissant.— 9, Iviii, 295-7. *Tillyard, R. J.— (see under Hymenoptera).
(S) *Cockerell, T. D. A. — Trichoptera (see under Coleop- tera). *Gravier et Page. — Sur une nouvelle espece de Peripate du Chili (Opisthopatus costesi). — 144, vii, 185- 200. *Laing, F. — On a n.g. and sp. of Psocoptera from Br. Guiana.— 9, Iviii, 289-90.
ORTHOPTERA.— Caudell, A. N.— P\ cnoscelus surina- mensis ; on its nymphs and the damage it does to n»r bushes. — 10, xxvii, 154-7.
(S) *Vignon, P. — Essai de classification du genre Typo- phyllum.— 72, i. 248-8i.
HEMIPTERA.— Cutright, C. R.— Aphid- new to Ohio. -130, xxv, 313-4. Torre-Bueno, J. R. On a small collec- tion of Heteroptera from Br. Columbia. — 4, l\ii. 280.
(t() ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
(N) Muir, F. — On the genera Amblycotis and Bostaera. (Delphacidae) .— 4, Ivii, 279.
(S) *Bergroth, E. — ( )n some Neotropical Tingidae. — 33, Ixii (1922), 149-52.
LEPIDOPTERA.— Detwiler, J. D.— Further studies of the ventral prothoracic gland of notodontid caterpillars.— 4, Ivii, 266-71.
(N) Barnes & Benjamin. — Notes on the genus Obrima in the U. S. (Phalaenidae).— 10, xxvii, 168. *Dyar, H. G.- Notes on some American Phycitinae (Pyralidae). — 15, xii. 220-6.
(S) Dyar, H. G. — Note on the larva of Sabine hyperoche (Limacodidae). — 15, xii, 218. *Dyar, H. G. — New corn and boll worm from Peru (Pyralidae). — 15, xii, 219-20. *Her- ing, M. — Die gross-schmetterlinge der erde. Faun. Amer., Lief. 178-9. Fam. Dioptidae in part. *Joicey & Talbot.— Notes on some L., with descr. of new forms. — 75, xvi, 633-53. Krueger, R. — Mesenopis albivitta. Papilio bogotanus. Perisama hazarma. — 18, xix, 235 ; 242-3 ; 249. *Krueger, R. -Eine neue Catagramma. — 18, xix, 250. *May, E.— Papilio kuhlmanni sp. n. — Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, i, p. 405.
DIPTERA. — Crampton, G. C. — Evidences of relationship indicated by the thoracic sclerites of certain eriopterine tipuloid diptera. — 15, xii, 197-213. Hubault, E. — Contribu- tion a la biologic du genre Medeterus (Dolichopodidae).— 144, vii, 133-42. Mercier et Villeneuve. — Contribution a etude de anatomic de la tete des dipteres cyclorhaphes. La ptilin et le muscle ptilino-pharyngien. — 69, clxxxi, 882-4.
(N) *Curran, C. H. — Some apparently new Nearctic Tachinidae. — 4, Ivii, 281-6. *Curran, C. H. — Contribution to a monograph of the Syrphidae from north of Mexico.— Bui. Univ. Ivans., xxvi. No. 7; Sci. Bui. xv, 1-216. [This number is dated April 1, 1925, and was received at Phila- delphia Academy Jan. 5, 1926.] Dyar, H. G. — Phoniomyia and Dendromyia again. (Culcidae). — 15, xii, 226. *Dyar, H. G. — A New No. Am. Dixa and note (Culicidae). — 15, xii, 217-8. Greene, C. T. — Tentative arrangement of the muscoid flies based on the puparia. — 10, xxvii, 157-62. Hull, F. M. — Review of the gnms Eristalis in No. Am.— 130, xxv, 285-312. Johnson, C. W.— Diptera of the Harris collection. — Proc. Boston Soc. N. IL, xxxviii, 57-99. *Wal- ley, G. S. — New Canadian Chironomidae of the genus Tany- pus. — 4, Ivii, 271-8.
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61
(S) *Dyar, H. G. — Some mosquitoes from Venezuela.— 15, xii, 213-6. *Hine, J. S. — Tabanidae of Mexico, Central Am. and the West Indies. — 140, Xo. 1()2.
COLEOPTERA.— Swaine, J. M.— Factors determining the distribution of N. Am. bark-beetles. — 4, Ivii, 261-6.
(N) *Obenberger, J. — Revision monographique du genre Taphrocerus. — 74, ii, 45-83.
(S) *Champion, G. C. — Studies in Phalacridae. II. Asiatic and tropical Am. forms. — 75, xvi, 601-21. *Cockerell, T. D. A. — Tertiary insects from Argentina. — 50, Ixvii, Art. 1. *Obenberger, J. — Deuxieme serie de nouveaux genres de Buprestides. De Buprestidarum speciebus novis. — 74, ii. 7-44; 93-115. *Pic, M. — Nouvelles especes de coleopteres exotiques du Mus. Nat. de Prague. — 74, ii, 85-90. Plavil- stshikov, N. N. — 'Revision des especes eurasiques du genre Judolia.— 72, i, 291-320.
HYMENOPTERA.— Combes, M— Les fourmis jettent- eiles les objets volontairement ? — 144, vii, 295-300.
(N) *Cockerell, T. D. A. — Descriptions and records of bees. — 75, xvi, 621-29. Cushman, R. A. — Synonymy and generic position of two No. Am. ichneumon-flies. — 10, xxvii. 164-6. *Gahan, A. B. — New encyrtid parasite in the eggs of Moneilema (Chalcidoidea) .— 10, xxvii, 167-8. "Tillyard, R. J. — Kansas permian insects. Pt. 6. Additions to the orders Protohymenoptera and Odonata. — Amer. Jour. Sc., xi, 58- 73. *Viereck, H. L. — Two new Canadian Ichneumonoidea. -4, Ivii, 278.
(S) *Banks, N. — Psammocharidae from Panam.a — Bui. Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge, Ixvii, 329-38.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Fauna Amer.. I'ts. 109-70. These parts are finishing the family Arctiidae.
Opinions rendered by the International Commission on zoological nomenclature. (Smiths. Misc. Coll.. Ixxiii, Xo. 3. Opinions 82-90.) Includes the following of interest to entomologists: Suspension of rules for Musca Linn., 1758. < )p. 83, The principle of the rule of homonyms is that any properly published identical name of later date is "stillborn and cannot be brought to life." Op. 87, Printer^ proof- sheets do not constitute publication. . . . Op. 88, The name of a species is not disqualified because the author included in his conception bodily parts of more than one species.
62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.. '26
MANUAL OF INJURIOUS INSECTS, by GLENN \Y. HERRICK, Professor of Economic Entomology, Cornell University. Henry Holt and Company, New York. — This new work is dedicated to the founder of Cornell University, Ezra Cornell, who knew the value of such studies and their application to the farmer. The book is profusely illustrated, there being 458 fig-tires. The typography is all that could be desired. The first chapter is devoted to the position, structure, and transforma- tion, and subsequent chapters on losses caused by insects : as disseminators of plant and animal diseases ; useful insects ; the uses of various insecticides and spraying" apparatus ; followed by an account of the insects affecting the various kinds of plant life. A valuable feature is the references to the more important literature under each special heading. ^re would especially call attention to the little maps of the United States, showing the distribution of injurious species, which are interesting and useful. Prof. Herrick is an economic entomologist of wide experience and he has produced an admirable and useful addi- tion to the works on injurious insects. H. SKINNER.
INSECTS AND DISEASE OF MAN, by CARROLL Fox, M. D., Surgeon, U. S. Public Health Service. Published by P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1012 Walnut St., Philadelphia. Pages XII + 349. Figures 92. Price $4.00.
Dr. Carroll Fox, well known as an authority on the Sipho- naptera, is to be congratulated on the way in which he has accomplished his purpose of gathering together "in a concise and practical way, the information necessary for a student taking up the study of medical entomology, or for the health officer working in the field of preventable diseases transmitted by arthropods." He has produced a book which will be found equally valuable in the class-room and in the field. Although the text devotes especial attention to the arthropods which transmit diseases of man in the United States, it by no means confines itself, either to forms of importance in human medi- cine or to those which occur in this country.
The subject matter is divided into two portions. Part I (230 pages) dealing with the arthropods themselves and I 'art II (98 pages) with the diseases which they transmit. In Part 1, a short introductory chapter is followed by a detailed consid- eration of the disease-carriers among the Diptera, Siphonap- tera, Anoplura, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Acarina, and this division of the book comes to an end with a chapter on rodents of importance in connection with Puboiiic Plague, and "A Few Xotes on Technique."
In Part II we find first a well-written Introduction, which deals in a general way with such subjects as the relation of
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL XEWS 63
arthropods to disease, modes of transmission, parasitism, etc. This is followed by chapters on Malaria, Yellow Fever, I Vngur Fever, Filariasis, Pappataci Fever, Trypanosomiasis, Tulurae- mia, Plague, Typhus, Trench Fever, Relapsing Fever. R-tcky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Tsutsugamushi Irever. The book concludes with a general index.
Control measures are, in general, treated in connection with the various diseases, but the discussion of means of eradicat- ing fleas, lice, bugs and roaches accompanies the text dealing with these insects.
One of the most valuable features of the book is the space devoted to keys for the identification of disease-carrying arthropods. Some of the keys are original, but the majority are copied or adapted from authoritative publications. On the whole, the selection of keys has been very well done, although some improvement is still possible in this respect. Tt should be' feasible, for example, to give a key to the fly larvae which cruise myiasis that would be more valuable to the student than the one constituting Chapter XIV of the present work, which is taken without obvious alteration from Ranks' paper of 1912. Tt is a pity, also, that after reprinting in full the latest keys to the subfamilies and genera of American Culicidae by Dyar and Shannon, time could not be taken to "adapt" Howard. Dyar and Knab's keys to the species of adult and larval Anophelines even to the extent of including Anopheles barben (treated under Coelodiazesis by these authors ) and correcting the names of certain species to conform with modern usage. I rather regret, too, that the splendid key to the genera of fleas of the world (pages 120-130) was included in a book of this type. This key itself is an excellent piece of work and will be of the greatest value to students of the Siphonaptera. but it is much more detailed and complete than is advisable for the ordinary student or sanitarian and occupies space which might well have been devoted to other purposes.
Of the 92 figures in the book, about three-quarters ( 6S. to be exact) are original, being the work of Mr. L. II. Wilder, of the Hygienic Laboratory. These are all uniformly excellent, those of the fleas being particularly noteworthy. Of the remainder, 14 come from Stilt and the other 10 from the works of various authors. They, too, are good illustrations, although some of them do not come up to the standard set by Mr. Wilder. The figures copied from Stitt are reprinted word for word, including the legends, which was unwise, in a few cases. Thus number 8 of Fig. 45 (page S3 i perpetuates the error made by Stitt in labelling a figure of the antenna of the tsetse lly, "(ilossimi, pulps and arista." and in the legend for Fig. 50 (page 98), we meet with "Suriopluii^i" inn^ntficu instead of
64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., '26
ll'olilfahrtla, and find a recognizable figure of the larva and adult of Fannia masquerading under the pseudonym of "Antliomyia pluvial is." In this connection, also, it may be noted that the book contains rather more than the usual allowance of typographical errors, a point which will doubtless be corrected in future editions.
In spite of these minor criticisms, however, the book may be whole-heartedly recommended as the best of its kind yet published on this side of the Atlantic. It will be a real pleasure to the teacher of Medical Entomology to have a book like this for the use of his students : one which is at once comparatively low in price, especially adapted to American needs, and com- bining those features which are of value both in class-room and laboratory and in subsequent work in the field.
FRANCIS M. ROOT.
OBITUARY.
The daily papers and Science announce the sudden death of Professor HARRY ARTHUR GOSSARD, President of the American Association of Economic Entomologists for 1925. at Wooster, Ohio, on December 18 last. He was born at Ames, Iowa, February 7, 1868, received the degrees of Rachelor of Science (1889) and Master of Science (1892) from Iowa State Col- lege and was assistant entomologist in the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station from 1890 to 1893. For the next six years he instructed in science in high schools and academies. In 1899 he became Entomologist of the Florida Experiment Station and professor of zoology, entomology and geology at the University of Florida. During this period he wrote Bul- letin 67 of the Station on The ll'liite Fly, .-llcyrodes citri (1903). In 1904 he was made Entomologist of the Ohio Ex- periment Station at Wooster, where he remained until his death. Since 1917 he had been non-resident professor of en- tomology of Ohio State University. The early volumes of the Journal of Economic Entomology contain his \otcs of the Season and The Catalpa Bud Maggot ( 1908) and an inter- esting essay. Relation of Insects la Human II 'elf are (1909). Among the bulletins of the Ohio Station are his The Catalpa Midge, Cccidoinyia eatalpae (No. 197, 1908) and Orchard Bark Beetles and Pinholc Borers (No. 264, 1913).
MARCH, 1926
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
Vol. XXXVII No. 3
JAMES RIDINGS 1803-1880
CONTENTS
Cfampton — A Phylogenetic Study of the Thoracic Sclerites of the Psychodoid Diptera, with Remarks on the Interrelationships of the Nematocera 65
Weiss — The Entomological Observations of John Esquemeling, Buc- caneer, on the Island of Hispaniola in 1666 70
Painter — Notes on the Genus Parabombylius (Diptera)
Barnes and Benjamin — On the Genus Anomis (Lepid., Phalaenidae) .
Changes of Address 81
Editorial— Proof-reading and the News
Weiss — An Early Record of a Commercial Entomologist
Lepidoptera Added to the British Museum
Ants as Vermin-Exterminators
Ingham— Butterfly Show in Los Angeles, California
Weiss — Hoplothrips major (Hood), a Correction (Thysanoptera) . . .
Mason — Coleoptera from Nevada and Arizona
Holt — On the New Arachnid Genus Tijuca, Mello-Leitao. . . .
Entomological Literature
Review— Walker's The North American Dragonflies of the Genus So-
matochlora 90
Doings of Societies — The Third International Congress of Entomology, Zurich, 19th-26th July, 1925
Obituary — Prof. Harold Maxwell Lefroy
" — George Alexander Ehrman •
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ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
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_ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
VOL. XXXVII MARCH, 1926 No. 3
A Phylogenetic Study of the Thoracic Sclerites of
the Psychodoid Diptera, with Remarks on the
Interrelationships of the Nematocera.
By G'. C. CRAMPTON, Mass. Agricultural College,
Amherst, Mass. (Continued from page 38.)
The Tanyderidae and such Psychodids as Bruchomyia are extremely primitive Diptera, and in many respects, the Psy- chodoidea are as near the type ancestral to the rest of the Diptera, as any known forms. On the other hand, none of the Psychodoidea of which we have any knowledge, has a meral region not completely fused with the lower portion of the epimeron in the mesothorax, and since the fused condi- tion represents a considerable degree of specialization, this and other specializations (such as lack of ocelli etc.) preclude our regarding the Psychodoidea as the common stock from which the rest of the Diptera have sprung. The most that can be said of the Psychodoidea in this respect, is that they have retained as many ancestral characters as any Diptera have, and in making a "phylog-enetic tree'' of the Nematocera. such as that shown in Fig. 12, the lowest place might be assigned to the Psychodoidea.
The Tipuloidea, including the families Tipulidae and Lim- nobiidae — and possibly the Trichoceridae also, although the latter are extremely close to the Mycetophiloid family Anisopodidae — are likewise extremely primitive Diptera, and if the Trichoceridae be included among them, some have re- tained the ocelli lost in the I 'sychodoidea. The Tipuloidea how- ever, are also specialized in many particulars (although some of them have retained the mermi as a distinct sclerite still ad- herent to the middle coxa) and cannot be- regarded as the common stock from which the rest of the I )iptera were de-
65
66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
rived. We are apparently justified in stating that the Proto- diptera such as Aristo psyche represent as nearly as any known forms, the ancestral stock of the Diptera, and from this common stock, the first lines of development to branch off were the Psychodoid line (at whose base are such forms as Macrochilc) and the Tipuloid line, at whose base are such forms as ArcJritipnla, etc. As Dr. Alexander points out, the Architipulidae (and the Cylindrotomine Tipuloiods) are annec- tant between the Limnobiine and Tipuline types, and he is inclined to regard the Limnobiidae as merely a subfamily of the Tipulidae. German Dipterists, however, generally recognize the family Limnobiidae, and there is considerable to be said in favor of the latter view.
The Trichoceridae are at the base of the line of development leading to the Anisopodidae and other "Mycetophiloid" types, and it is very difficult to determine whether the Trichoceridae are Tipuloids or "Mycetophiloids." Dr. Alexander tells me that the larvae of the Trichoceridae are remarkably similar to those of the Anisopodids, in being eucephalous and amphi- pneustic, and in this respect the Anisopodids and Trichocerids are quite different from the true Tipuloids, and are on the side of the "Mycetophiloids." I do not know where the Trichocerid line of development could have come off from any known Tipuloid or Psychodoid type, since the Trichocerids have well developed ocelli and other primitive features lacking in the Psychodoids and Tipuloids. The ancestors of the Trichocerids were apparently some form related to the Protodiptera, and at present this is all that we are justified in saying concerning their ancestry. In their general habitus, the Trichoceridae are Tipuloid, but they have so many features in common with the Anisopodidae that it might be preferable to group them in the same .superorder with the Anisopodidae, which were un- doubtedly descended from Tric!wccra-\\ke. ancestors.
The Anisopodidae are so closely connected with the "My- cetophiloids" such as Mycetobia, Sclara, etc., that it is neces- sary to include the Anisopodidae (the old family "Rhyphidae")
'26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67
in whatever superfamily includes the Mycetophilidae. My- cetobia is anatomically annectant between the Anisopodids and the rest of the "Mycetophiloids" and Mr. Edwards believe^ that Mycetobia is actually an Anisopodid, while other Dip- terists have claimed that Mycetobia is a Mycetophilid. Ana- tomicallv. there is no doubt of its annectant character, and
r
because of the synthetic nature of Mycetobia I have no hesi- tancy in grouping the Anisopoclidae in the same superfamily with the Mycetophilids. The adult Anisopodids are more primitive, anatomically, than any Mycetophilid,* so that they must be regarded as occupying a position at the base of the "Mycetophiloid" line of development : and, in fact, the adult Anisopodidae are anatomically astonishingly similar to what we know must have been the type ancestral to the rest of the Nematocerous lines of development presently to be discussed. The Itonididae (Cecidomyidae) were undoubtedly descended from Mycetophilid-like ancestors, and hence should be grouped in the same superfamily with the Mycetophilids. Furthermore, such forms as Plecia, which is either a Bibionid, or is extremely close to the Bibionids, is anatomically just like Hcsperinus,
* As every student of comparative anatomy knows full well, living thincrs exhibit "heterospecialization (i. c., thev are not uniformly specialized in all particulars and may retain some rather primitive features, while they are much more highly specialized in other respects) ; and a group "B," for example, may retain a single feature in a more primitive condition than is true of the s?me feature in another group "A," which in general is much more primitive than group "B." This i? well illustrated in the feature of respiration in the larvae of the Mycetophilid and Anisopodid groups, which have a common ancestry. Larval Mycetophilids. being peripneustic, are in this one respect more primitive than are the larval Anisopodids and Trichocerids, which are amphipneustic. Tn other respects, however, the Anisonodids and Trichocerids are much more primitive than the Mvcctophilids are: con^quentlv. it would be folly to assign to the Mycetophilids a lower position in the evolutionary scale, in deriving all of these, forms from an ancestry from which the Anisopodids and Trichocerids have departed much less Cin general) than the Mycetophilids have.
68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
and both of these genera are extremely like PacJiynenra, which Mr. Edwards thinks is an Anisopodid, and all of these genera are very like the Anisopodids Olbiogastcr and Lobogaster in numerous anatomical details. These insects connect the P>ibionids so closely with the Anisopodidae, and the Myceto- philicls intergrade with the Anisopodidae so markedly, that there can be no doubt that the Bibionids and the Mycetophilids (with the Ttonidids ) were descended from Anisopodid-likc an- cestors ; and I would unhesitatingly group together the Bibion- ids, Mycetophilids and Itonids in a single assemblage to which the superfamily designation Bibionoidea might be applied.* The only question in the matter is where to place the Tricho' ceridae, which are like the ancestors of the Anisopodids. The Anisopodids themselves are undoubtedly "Mycetophiloid" in character (i. e., should be grouped among the Bibionoidea) but the Trichocerids have remained so like certain Limnophiline Tipuloidea in many respects, that it is extremely difficult to decide whether to place them with the Bibionoidea. next to the Anisopodidae, or to leave them with the Tipuloidea. As Dr. Alexander points out, the amphipneustic, eucephalous larvae of the Trichoceridae are remarkably like those of the Anisopo- dids, and they differ from the typical Tipuloid larvae, while the adult Trichocerids have ocelli, which are lacking in the Tipu- loids and the typical Tipuloid "Y-shaped" suture is practically wanting in them. Dr. Alexander, however, is inclined to regard the Trichocerids as true Tipuloidea, and the opinion of such an authority on the group Tipuloidea is worthy of the utmost consideration. My own inclination would be to group the Trichoceridae with the Anisopodidae in the superfamily
* There is considerable need of a group intermediate in rank between a superfamily and a suborder, to contain the superfamilies Mvcetophiloidea and Bibionoidea, since these superfamilies, although extremely closely related, are neverthe- less quite distinct. Since there is no such group of which I have any knowledge, T have "lumped" the suoerfamilies Mycetophiloidea and ISibionoidea into a single unwieldy "super- family'' Bibionoidea (scusn hita'} in order to express the close relationship between the twro.
xxxvii, '2<>\ ENTO.\IOI.O<;H-.\L XKWS 69
Bibionoidea, and in any case, I would place the Anisopodidae in the superfamily Bibionoidea, irrespective of the Trichoceridae, leaving the ultimate disposition of the Trichocerids to be finally determined when a wider knowledge of the types con- necting them with their nearest relatives has been gained.
The Simuliids, Thaumaleids (Orphnephilicls), Chironomids, Dixids and Culicids could readily be grouped in a single assemblage or superfamily, the Culicoidea, whose line of devel- opment arose from the Anisopodid-like ancestors of the Bibionoidea, as is indicated in the diagram of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 12.
The origin and affinities of the Blepharocerids are still a mystery, and the Blepharocerids form such an isolated group, that it is preferable to consider them as constituting a distinct superfamily, the Blepharoceroidea. It is extremely probable that the Blepharocerids arose from ancestors allied to the Ani- sopodid-like common ancestors of the Culicoids and Bibionoids.
In brief, we may say that there were three main lines of development leading from ancestors like the Protodiptera, as is indicated in the "tree" shown in Figure 12. One of these 1'nes of development (with Macrochile at its base) leads to the Psychodoids ; another line (with Architipula at its base) leads to the Tipuloids; and a third line (with the Trichocerids at i:s base ) leads to the Anisopodid-like forms in the group Bibionoi- dea. The Culicoidea were apparently derived from Bibionoid forms, and the Blepharocerids were probably derived from a similar source.
Since the Tipuloids and Psychodoids are the most primitive representatives of the Xematocera, they might be grouped to- gether in an assemblage to which the old designation Poly- neura, used in a new sense, might be applied — or if confusion would arise from this peculiar usage, they might be called Protonematocera, since they are the most primitive of the Xematocera. The rest of the Nematocera (i. c., the Bibionoids, ( 'ulicoids and LUepharoceroids ) might then be designated by the old term Oligoneura, used in a new sense — or if this un- accustomed usage of the term would give rise to confusion, they
70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
might be called Eunematocera. This grouping, and the arrang- ing of the Nematocerous families in natural assemblages ex- pressing their phylogenetic development more accurately, seems preferable to the older arrangement which did not take into consideration the various interrelationships of the lines of descent of the Nematocerous families.
The Entomological Observations of John Esqueme-
ling, Buccaneer, on the Island of
Hispaniola in 1666.
By HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
The firm of George Routledge and Sons, Ltd., of London, has recently reprinted as one of their Broadivay Translations, the "Buccaneers of America, a true account of the most re- markable assaults committed of late years upon the coast of the West Indies by the buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga, both English and French, wherein are contained more especially the unparalleled exploits of Sir Henry Morgan, our English Jamai- can hero, who sacked Porto Bello, burnt Panama, etc.," by John Esquemeling, "one of the Buccaneers who was present at these tragedies." In 1914, Esquemeling's account was published by Stokes under the title "Pirates of Panama or Buccaneers of America," edited and illustrated by G. A. Williams and very likely there have been other previous printings in this country, but the entomology in the account has remained in obscurity.
According to Mr. William Swan Stallybrass, the editor of the first account mentioned in these notes, Esquemeling's narrative was written originally in Dutch and published in Amsterdam in 1678, under the title "De Americaenische Zeerovers." In 1681 a Spanish translation appeared under the title "Piratas de la America'' by Alonso de Buena-Maison, M.D., and this was fol- lowed by translations into other European languages. The Broadway Translation edition is a reprint of the first and second editions of the English translation printed in London in 1684.
Nothing appears in the standard encyclopedias about John
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71
Esquemeling, but in the "Dictionary of Universal Biography'' by Albert M. Hyamson ( 1916), Alex. Olivier Exquemelin angli- cized as John Esquemeling is listed as a Flemish traveler, sea- man and writer on travel (1645-1707). No mention is made of his activity as a pirate and one must turn to his book for a state- ment of his occupations and observations. The English trans- lator wrote as follows about him. "I take him to be a Dutchman, or at least born in Flanders, notwithstanding that the Spanish translation represents him to be a native of the kingdom of France — his printing this history originally in Dutch, which doubtless must be his native tongue, who otherwise was but an illiterate man, together with the very sound of his name, con- vincing me thereunto."
According to his own account, he sailed from Havre de Grace, Franee, in the service of the West India Company of France, on May 2, 1666 and reached Tortuga, a small island on the north side of Hispaniola or Haiti on July 7 of the same year. After a brief description, of some of the plants of this island and the quarrels between the French and the Spaniards for possession, Esquemeling tells how he was sold twice, once as a servant of the West India Company when they disposed of their holdings and again while sick, to a surgeon for 70 pieces- of -eight. Upon recovering he was given his liberty with the understanding that he was to pay his late master 100 pieces-of- eight when able to do so. Following this he joined "the wicked order of the Pirates, or Robbers at Sea" and continued with them until 1672. Previous to his recital dealing with their thieving and bloodthirsty activities, he describes some of the fruits, trees and animals found at Hispaniola and the follow- ing portion relating to insects is quoted on account of its general historic interest :
"As to the insects which this island produces, I shall only take notice of three sorts of flies, which excessively torment all human bodies, but more especially such as never before, or but a little while, were acquainted with these countries. The first sort of these flies is as big as our common horse-flies in Europe. And these, darting themselves upon men's bodies, there stick
72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I. Mar., '26
and suck their blood till they can no longer fly. Their impor- tunity obliges to make almost continual use of branches of trees
f C5
wherewith to fan them away. The Spaniards in those parts call them mosquitos or gnats, but the French give them the name of marang nines. The second sort of these insects is no bigger than a grain of sand. These make no buzzing noise, as the preceding species does, for which reason it is less avoidable, as being able also through its smallness to penetrate the finest linen or cloth. The hunters are forced to anoint their faces with hog's-grease, thereby to defend themselves from the stings of these little animals. By night in their huts or cottages, they constantly for the same purpose burn the leaves of tobacco, without which smoke they were not able to rest. True it is that in the daytime they are not very troublesome, in case any wind be stirring, for this, though never so little, causes them to dissipate. The gnats of the third species exceed not the big- ness of a grain of mustard. The colour is red. These sting not at all, but do bite so sharply upon the flesh as to create little ulcers therein. Whence it often comes that the face swells and is rendered hideous to the view, through this inconvenience. These are chiefly troublesome by day, even from the beginning of the morning until sun-setting, after which time they take up their rest, and permit human bodies to do the same. The Spaniards gave these insects the name of rojados, and the French that of calarodcs.*
"The insects which the Spaniards call cocliinillas, and the English glow-worms, are also to be found in these parts. They
* With the approval of Mr. Weiss, his article has been submitted to Dr. F. M. Root, of the Department of Medical Zoology, The Johns Hopkins University, who has studied the blood-sucking flies of certain of the West Indies, in the hope that he might lie able to definitely identify Esquemeling's "three sorts of flies." Thanks to his kindness, the following is added from his letter, addressed to the editor :
"I have delayed my answer to your letter for several days in order to get the opinion of mv former assistant, Dr. W. A. Hoffman, \\h" has just returned from Haiti, where he has been working' on the ento- mological side of a morbidity survey made by the International Health Board. His opinion is the same as my own, fortunately. We feel that the most probable identifications are as follows:
"Esquemeling's 'first sort' of flies probably refers to true mosquitoes, perhaps especially to the coastal species Acdcx i(icini>rJiyiicliiix form
XXXVJi, '20 1 KNTOMOI.UCICAI. NEWS 73
are very like unto such as we have in Europe, unless that they are somewhat bigger and longer than ours. They have two little specks on their heads, which by night give so much light that three or four of those animals, being together upon a tree, it is not discernible at a distance from a bright shining fire. I had on a certain time at once three of these cochinUlas in my cottage, which there continued until past midnight, shining so brightly that without any oilier light I could easily read in any book, although of never so small a print. I attempted to bring some of these insects into Europe when I came from those parts, but as soon as they came into a colder climate they died by the way. They lost also their shining upon the change of air, even before their death. This shining is so great, accord- ing to what I have related, that the Spaniards with great reason may well call them from their luminous quality inoscas dc fnci^o, that is to say fire-flies.
"There be also in Hispaniola an excessive number of grilloncs or crickets. These are of extraordinary magnitude, if com- pared to ours, and so full of noise that they are ready to burst themselves with singing, if any person comes near them."
a
Notes on the Genus Parabombylius (Diptera).
By REGINALD H. PAINTER, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio.
The group to which the following species belong was first recorded when Coquillett referred the species syndesiiins and •itcr to Rondani's genus Thlipsogastcr (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 21, p. 108). In 1899, Williston (Psyche, p. 331) showed that these species do not belong to this genus but left the question of their generic status in abeyance. In Biolo^ia Ccntral'-
niijcr, which 'is often very abundant and troublesome. His 'second sort' are evidently Culicoides, of which f. fnrcns is the commonest coastal form throughout the Greater Antilles. The 'third species' is more difficult to identify, hut the day-biting habits would indicate some species of Sii/ni/jinn. and Ksqucmeling's statement that 'they sting not at all, but do bite so sharply upon the fk-sh as to create little ul therein' might be his way of expressing the- fact that the actual bite of Simulium is painless, but an ulcer-like lesion develops later."
I;K \ Mis M.
74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
Americana (Diptera Suppl., p. 286) the same 'author rede- scribed Bombylins albopenicillatus Bigot and referred this species and a new one (dolorosus) to this same group. 'In 1907 (N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., p. 1) he erected the genus Parabombylins for these four species with atcr Coq. as geno- type.
This genus is separated from Bombyliits by having cell R5 narrowly open or closed in the margin of the wings, and by having- a conspicuous patch of silvery scales between the base of the antennae and the eyes. All the species have several short, thin spines or bristles on the third joint of the antennae, which spines are lacking in most of the species of Bombylius known to me. They are present however in fulvibasis Macq., validns Lw., and possibly lancifer O. S. The species of Para- bombylius are all small and the sexes often differ, sometimes quite remarkably.
Notes concerning a considerable extension of the known range of some of the species are given here, also descriptions of four new species. I am indebted to Prof. Jas. S. Hine and Mr. R. C. Shannon for loan of material. Also to Dr. Aldrich of the U. S. National Museum for a loan of cotypes of P. atcr and syndcsmits and other material for study.
Key to Species.
1. Ground color of tip of male abdomen and entire abdomen
of female yellow syndesmus Coq.
Ground color of abdomen entirely black or very dark brown 2
2. Entire pile and tomentum of clorsum of abdomen and thorax
unicolorous, orange or dark yellow atcr Coq.
Pile and tomentum of clorsum of thorax or abdomen partly white or black 3
3. Pile and tomentum of dorsum of thorax and abdomen with
no black intermixed subflai'its n. sp.
Some black intermixed with pile and tomentum 4
4. Light colored pile of dorsum of thorax and abdomen partly
white or yellow 5
Light colored pile of dorsum of thorax and abdomen reddish orange or wanting 6
5. A stripe of short white pile above the base of the wing to the humerus .7
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
No such stripe present . . . . • albopenicttlatus Hi got
6. No orange pile on abdomen dolorosiis Will
Orange pile and tomentum present on abdomen pnlclier n. sp.
7. Pile on face longer than first joint of antenna and on an- tennae also long, no patch of white scales on occiput.
irittatus n. sp.
Pile on face shorter than first joint of antennae and on antennae short, a patch of white scales on occiput.
inacnlosns n. sp.
Parabombylius ater ( Coq. )
Two females and one male taken at Brownwood, Texas ; September 11 to 16 on Broomweed (Gutierrezia te.rana). Two females and ten males taken near Abilene, Texas, Septem- ber 14. These latter were all taken in in a patch of Broom- weed less than four feet square. They seemed to be continually coming out of the center of the patch. Mr. Frank M. Hull has collected a number of specimens of this species near A. & M. College, Miss. They were hovering over hot red sand. There are also several specimens in the Ohio State University Collection from Vinton, Ohio, in June. Most of the specimens I have seen have a bright orange-colored pile instead of yellow as is the type. The exact shade of the specimens in the series is variable, however. The females are like the males except that there is less black pile on the venter.
Parabombylius albopenicillatus ( Bigot)
One male taken April 30, on the west face of Alt. Barker, near Austin, Texas. It differs from the description in having a scattering of orange tomentum on the dorsum of abdomen and scutellum, and a few long yellow hairs among the black below the antennae. In my specimen there is a patch of yellow tomentum on either side between the characteristic white patch of the genus and the antennae.
There are two females in the collection of Mr. R. C. Shannon which agree with the description of this species. They are from Alto Pass, Illinois, July 29. All previous records are from Mexico.
Parabombylius dolorosus (Will.)
One female taken on Shoal Creek m-ar JSth Slivet. Austin,
76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I Mar., '26
Texas. March 31, hovering over some water plants, may per- haps not be this species, although it differs only slightly. It lacks the white tomentnm. as apparently did some of Williston's specimens : there are also no spots of tomentum on the sides of the abdomen, but those on the center, tho small, are strik- ingly prominent on the black background. These, with the orange-red tomentum on the scutellum, give this specimen a very characteristic appearance.
Parabombylius pulcher n. sp.
¥. Ground color opaque black, pleurae grayish, face with long black hairs and shorter, shining" orange ones. Front orange! tomentose with scattered, long, black hairs, more abundant on the ocellar tubercle. Occiput with bushy orange pile. Antennae black, first joint with long spiny hairs and with a few orange scales on the outside, second joint one half as long as the first, with shorter spines ; third about equal to first two together, fusiform and slender, a scattered group of short spines towards its distal end. At the end of the third joint are three annuli, the last of which is light yellow. Meso- notum and scutellum with long black hair and scattered orange- red tomentum ; mixed orange and black hair above the wings and on the pleurae, shorter and mostly orange below. Ab- domen with scattered orange-red tomentum and long black hairs. Two small, but conspicuous, spots of yellow scales at the apex of the first segment, in the center 'below the tip of the scutellum ; a patch of orange-red, stiff hairs on the sides of the first segment and on the dorsum of this segment for about one-fourth of the way across from each side ; second and third segments with similar patches of hairs, but black on the basal half; fourth segment with shorter but similar hairs. \Tenter orange tomentose with long- black hairs. Legs yellow, bases and under part of femora dark brown ; spines black ; underside of front femora with scattered, long, black hairs : the last joints of the tarsi dark brown ; legs covered with yellow and black scales. Wings hyaline, basal half of cell R and cell C f umose, the former ending in a darker spot. Length 6 mm.
Holotype female collected at Austin, Texas, May 17, 1924. in my own collection.
Parabombylius subflavus n. sp.
c?. Ground color black, venter somewhat gravish ; face with
XXXV11,
'26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77
long- hairs, dark yellow on the lower part, brown and black above ; a tuft of long black hairs above the ocellar tubercle. Occiput yellow pilose, a patch of silvery white scales opposite each humeral angle of the thorax. Antennae black, first two joints with long, stiff hairs, a few, short, scattered spines toward the end of the third; third joint about equal to the first two together, fusiform and slender with a distinct constriction near its base. At the end of the third joint are three annuli the last of which is light yellow. Most of the thorax and abdomen covered with whitish yellow pile. A patch of silvery scales in the center of abdominal segments, 2. 3, 4,, 5 and 6; a tuft of blackish pile on the sides of segment 2; the pile at the bases of segments 3, 4 and 5 is more white than at the apex. On the venter there are a few, long, black hairs toward the apex ; the pile on the coxae is mixed black and yellow. Legs yellow, coxae, tarsi, basal half of four front femora, basal fourth of hind femora, and tips of tarsi dark brown. Spines black, most of scales on legs yellow. Wings hyaline. Length 5.5 mm.
Holot\pe male, from Wilcox, Ariz., August 1 (A. K. Fisher), in the collection of the U. S. National Museum.
Parabombylius vittatus n. sp.
?. Ground color black, face, front, and first joint of anten- nae with long, stiff, black pile. Front with appressed, orange- red, curly tomentum ; occiput with orange-red tomentum, lighter below. Third joint of antennae longer than first two together, broader than either : second and third with short bristles: three annuli -is in the other species. Thorax and scutellum orange-red tomentose and sparsely black pilose. A stripe of short white pile from the humeri to the bases of the wings is continued as a yellow stripe above the bases of the wings ; two patches of similar white pile just back of the .-nicies of the eyes on the mesonotum, a third in the middle i'ist in front of the scutfllum. Abdomen (greasy) is largely black tomentose, orange-red tomentose towards the apex with scattered, very long, black hairs here and on the scutellum. The pile on each side of the first segment is yellow, with repressed, white tomentum at the apex: similar tomentum occurs on the sides of the dor<um of -egments 4 and 5 and in. the center of 2, 3, 4 and 5. Venter, pleurae, and coxae entirely black tomentose and pilose. Le^s a d:irk chocolate brown, ligther toward the tips. Wings hyaline, lightly tinged with brownish. Length 7.5 mm.
78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
Holotypc female from Filmore Canyon, Organ Mountains
(alt. about 5700 ft.), New Mexico (Townsend). in the collec- tion of U. S. National Museum.
Parabombylius maculosus n. sp.
?. Ground color black, lighter beneath, face with short, stiff hairs, black with a few yellow ones intermixed ; front orange tomentose with scattered, black hairs. The white scales occupy the entire area between the antennae and the eyes. Occiput yellow pilose, a patch of white scales opposite each humerus. First two joints of antennae with short, scattered, bristly hairs; third with a few shorter ones ; third joint broader than first or second, longer than first two together, with three annuli, the third yellow. Thorax and scutellum with appressed, short, golden-yellow pile ; a stripe of short, white pile above the bases of the wings between the humeri and post-alar callosity ; a shorter, similar stripe opposite the dorsal angle of each eye; another short stripe in the center anterior to the base of the scutellum ; scutcllar spines yellow. Abdomen with appressed, yellow pile, white tomentum on the base of segment 1, on each side of the dorsum of segments 3 and 4 and the center of 6, a patch of black pile on the sides! of segment 2 ; venter and pleurae yellow pilose, the latter lighter toward the front ; coxae with a few black hairs. Legs yellow, base of femora, coxae and tarsi darker. Wings hyaline. Length 5 mm.
Holotypc female from Tucson, Ariz., August 14, 1909 (A. K. Fisher), in the collection of the U. S. National Musteum.
This may possibly be the female of snbflavus, but since it differs greatly and since it comes from a quite widely separated locality, I have described it as distinct.
On the Genus Anomis (Lepid., Phalaenidae).
By WM. BARNES & F. H. BENJAMIN, Decatur. Illinois.
Anomis Hbn. Type Anomis crosa Hbn.
1821?, Hubner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett., II. 19, No. 144. ff. 287-
288, crosa sole species and therefore type. 1823?, lliibncr, Samml. Exot. Schmett., II, pi. 411, ff. 1-4,
c.racta sole species mentioned. 1825. Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 249, mentions e.vacta and
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79
crosa but gives no reference to exact a as if at the; time of
writing the Verzeichniss the name exact a was unpublished. 1874, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. N. S., II, 23, type desi-naU-d
erosa. 1895, Grote, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 100, type designated
erosa; p. 122.
The genus A no-mis presumably should be used in place of Cosmophila Bdv. Gonitis Gn., type cditrix Gn., is probably synonymous. Alabama Grt., type argillacca Ilbn., is closely allied and likely synonymous. Grote, 1895, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, XIV, 122, has proven that his prior designation of argillacca as type of Alctia is not valid, the Verzeichniss having priority over the Zutrage as far as this genus is concerned. Hampson, 1905, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 436, is appar- ently correct in designating vitcllina as type of Alctia, a species belonging to the Hadeninae (sensu Hampson). Here it falls to the genus Hampson calls Sideridis (type evidcns by Hampson, 1905, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 436) but Mythimna Ochs. (type albipnncta by Duponchel, 1829, Hist. Nat. Lep. Fr., VII, (2), 71) will replace Sideridis Hbn. on our lists, with addi- tional synonyms Hyphttare Hbn. (type albipnncta by Hampson, 1905, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., V, 436) and Crocigrapha ( irt. (type normani, sole species). In place of Mythimna Ochs. on our lists Ccrastis Ochs. (type rubricosa by Duponchel, 1829. Hist. Nat. Lep. Fr., VII, (2), 72) may be used. Orthosia < )dis. takes as type instabilis by Curtis, 1828, Br. Ent, I, 237. which, if Hiibner's Tentamcn be accepted, will fall as a synonvm of Graphiphora Hbn. (type gotlnca sole species). This would take the place of Moninia Hbn. as used by Hampson, replacing Orthosia of the Check List. If, however, the Tentamcn is re- jected, OrtJwsia may stand.
Anomis flava Fabr.
1775, Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 601, Koctita.
Mr. Tarns has shown that tiara Fabr. is apparently the oldest available name for the species with serrate male antennae ; that il takes as synonyms stigmatizuns Fabr. ( 1775, Syst. Knt., p. 601), xoHthindyma Bdv. (1833, Lep. Mad., p. 94), indico (in.
80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
(1852, Noct., II, 396), variolosa Wlk.. (1857. C. B. M., XI, 750), cdentata Wlk., (1857, C. B. M., XI, 750), and presum- ably aurantiaca Prittwitz. ( 1867, Stett. ent. Zeit., XXVIII, 277), but that it is apparently unrepresented in the western hemisphere except by the race fimbriago Steph. (1829. 111. P>r. Ent., Haust., Ill, 67), which takes as synonym serrata B. & McD. (1913, Cohtr. N. H. Lep. N. A., II, (4), 169.).
A. flava and its synonyms should be intercalated on our lists so that fiinbriago may be given its correct status.
Anomis erosa tingescens Dyar. 1913, Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menst., I, 103, Cosnwphila. 1924, Tarns, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., (1924), p. 22, crosa, Cosriwphila.
Described from two females, Santiago, Cuba, ( W. Schaus ) .
Mr. Tarns sinks the name as a synonym of erosa Hbn., thus adding it to our lists.
Examination of Dr. Dyars types in connection with the U, S. N. M. neotropical material indicates that they represent at least a valid race.
We know of no specimens from the United States so the name should not be added to our lists.
Anomis texana Riley.
1885, Riley, 4th Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 350; Notes, p.
120; biol., (pi. II, ff. 4-5-6), Anomis.
fuscostigma Ckll. 1885, Riley, 4th Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 350; Notes, p. 120;
biol., (pi. II, f. 6 as exacta], Anomis. 1889, Cockerell, The Entomologist, (1889), p. 4, 'texana a,
Anomis.
form albostigma Ckll. 1885, Riley, 4th Rept. U. S. Ent. omm.. p. 350; Notes, p. 120;
biol., (p. IT, f. 6a as exacta var) ; texana, Anomis. 1889, Cockerell, The Entomologist, (1889) p. 4, texana b,
Anomis.
Prof essor • Cockerell applied the names fwsc&stigma and albostigma to the figures of Riley. Riley 's notes (p. 120), indicate that when he gave the name texana to exacta Auct. £ Riley nee. llbn., that he considered the form with the dark
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81
stigma typical of his species We therefore suggest the restric- tion of the name tc.vana to forms similar to Riley's fig. 6, which will cause the name fuscostigma to fall into the synonymy. The name albostigma mav be saved for the form with the white reniform.
Dr. Schaus has kindly supplied us with a specimen from Mexico similar to typical tc.vana.
Anomis editrix Gn.
1852, Guenee, Spec. Gen.. 41, Noct., II, 404, Gonitis.
1913, Dyar. Ins. Insc. Menst., I, 4. cdetri.v ( !), Gonitis.
Described from Haiti.
We possess a single specimen from St. Petersburg, Florida, December, which was sent to Dr. Schaus and by him deter- mined as cditriv. The record is presumably authentic.
We might add that the Barnes Collection possesses two speci- mens of another species of Anomis labeled "Chokoloskee, Florida," but these may be dealers' material and we will not add another name to the lists because of uncertainty as to the authenticity of the labels.
Changes of Address.
C. F. Adams, 5014 East 7-Street, Kansas City.
E. O. Essig, 201 Agriculture Hall, Univ. California, Berke- ley, California.
P. W. Fattig, 312 Randolph Street, Farmville, Virginia.
S. W. Frost, Research Lab., State College, Arndtsville, Pennsylvania.
Louise Knobel, East 3-Street, Hope, Arkansas.
Josef X. Knull. 1120 X. 17-Street, Harrisburg, Pennsyl- vania.
August E. Miller, 1004 Garridd Ave.. rrbana. Illinois.
Ik-nnet A. Porter, 2 East Locust Street. Vincennes, Indiana. fornia.
P. H. Timberlake, Citrus Expt-r. Station, Riverside-, Cali-
Owen Bryant, Banff, Alberta. Canada.
R. A. Leussler, 115 So. 52-Street. Omaha. Xebraska.
I.. G. Centner, 225 liailey St., East Lansing, Michigan.
Prof. L. Brunei-, 3033 Deakin St.. I'.crkdrv, California.
ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
PHILADELPHIA, PA., MARCH, 1926.
Proof-reading and the News.
For at least a decade, the second page of the cover of the NEWS has borne the announcement: "Proof will be sent to authors only when specially requested." This notice was orig- inally inserted in the interest of more prompt publication, with the idea of saving time which might be lost in the mails, or in non-receipt of proof by authors away from their offices or resi- dences. It appears that this notice has given rise, in some quar- ters at least, to the impression that the NEWS is disinclined to allow authors the opportunity of looking over proofs of their articles. We wish to dissipate this idea. We shall gladly send proof to every contributor who desires it, and who will mark his MS. to this effect when sending it in, or who will notify us of his wish on receiving from us the acceptance of his paper for publication. If delays occur in receipt by us of corrected proof, such delays will mean nothing more than the possible postponement of the article in question to a later number of the
NEWS.
— — » —
Notes and Ne\vs.
ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS OF THE GLOBE
An Early Record of a Commercial Entomologist.
In "The Unfortunate Traveller or the Life of Jacke Wil- ton," by Thomas Nashe, printed in London in 1594, Jack Wilton, the clever rogue of the tale, tells about his visit to Rome in part as follows: "There was a poore fellowe during my remainder there, that for a newe tricke that hee had inuented of killing Cymescs and scorpions, had his montebanke banner hung vp on a high pillar, with an inscription about it longer than the king of Spaines stile. I thought these Cymesses lyke the Cimbrians, hadde beene some straunge Na- tion hee hadde brought vnder, and they were no more but thinges lyke sheepe-lice, which aliue haue the most venimous sting that maye bee, and beeing dead, doe stinke out of meas- ure, Saint Austen compareth heretikes vnto them." In a later edition, the word "sheepe-lice" was replaced by "lice."
Thomas Nashe, who has been called the founder of the his- torical novel, was born in 1567, at Lowestoft, but nothing ap-
82
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 83
pears to be known about where and when he died. According to H. F. PJ. Brett-Smith, editor of a recent reprint of "The I'nfortunate Traveller1," it is doubtful if Xashe had ever been out of England, but it is probable that he talked with travellers or obtained suggestions from his readings. In view of this there may or may not be a trace of fact in the statement quoted above. However this is unimportant and does not detract from the drollness of the account.
HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Lepidoptera Added to the British Museum.
\\Y note from The Entomologist that the collection of Hes- periidae formed at the Hill Museum. \Vitley. which amounted to more than 30,000 specimens, and included many types has been presented to the National Collection in the I'ritish Mu- seum. Prior to this, during 1922, Mr. Joicey also handed over to the same collection the whole of his collections of the follow- ing families of moths: Notodontidae, Lasiocampidae, Limaco- didae, Epiplemidae, Thyatiridae, Callidulidae, Drepanidae. Cos- sidae, Bombycidae, Megalopygidae, Uraniidae, Psychidae. Thy- rididae and Arbelidae, consisting of 29,717 specimens, upwards of 300 types. An exchange of his collection of A grins with the Castniidae in Madame Fournier's collection was made.
Ants as Vermin-Exterminators.
\Ve read in the Entomologist's Record that in Northern Siberia there are immense areas of forests which are in- habited only by a few wandering- Tungus, nomads, depend- ing entirely upon the chase for their existence. They have a strange intolerance of vermin, a characteristic that may well be copied by many civilized peoples. They object to the presence of various parasitic insects in their primiti\e abodes, and have an original way of getting rid of them. About the end of September they collect an ants' nest and bring it into their huts. The ants quickly exterminate the vermin, and the intense winter frosts then soon cause the ants to disappear, so that these practical myrmecologists can enjoy the warmth of their primitive home> in peace.
Butterfly Show in Los Angeles, California.
The Fifth Annual Butterfly Show of the Lor<|tiiii \atural History Club of the Southwest Museum will be held during the month of February, 1926. The number of specimens to be exhibited is estimated at 11,000. loaned by fifteen members.
There will be displays of local (California) material,
Unfortunate Traveller by Thomas Xaslu, 'I In IVrcy Kc- prints, No. 1, Oxford, Basil Blackvvell, 1920.
84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Mar., '26
collections of West Coast butterflies, exhibits of Exotic butter- flies and displays of articles manufactured by commercial con- cerns.'
A large showing- of aberrant butterflies of the West Coast will be one of the many attractions.
Collections of moths will be shown, exotics, and also an espe- cially fine collection of American Noctuidae.
The prizes will be in ribbon form, and there will be nine awards, the highest award being for the discovery of new spe- cies. CHARLES IXGHAM, Secretary.
Hoplothrips major (Hood), a Correction ( Thysanoptera)
In the papers referred to below, Hoplothrips major (Hood) should replace Trichothrips itlini (Fab.).
Trichotkvips *uhni ( Fab. ) in New Jersey ( Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. Vol. XVIII, No. 3, pp. 94-97, 1923).
Additional notes on Fungous Insects ( Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Vol. 34, 1921, p. 170).
This correction is necessary in view of a recent letter from Dr. L. O. Howard ( to whom specimens had been sent for identification) enclosing a communication from Prof. J. D. Hood (to whom they had been forwarded). Prof. Hood states that the species has likely been described from some other country. He has specimens collected in Japan and is inclined to believe that the species is the one described in 1840 as Thrips fungi Zetterstedt in Ins. Lapponica, p. 312. However, in the absence of authentic specimens of that species, Prof. Hood thinks that it would be best to call it Hoplothrips major (Hood), 1914. According to his letter it is very common in New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Connecticut and appears to have been introduced into America. The two papers listed above deal with its common occurrence in fungi and under rotten bark in New Jersey.
HARRY B. WEISS, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Coleoptera from Nevada and Arizona.
Mr. Morgan Hebard and Mr. James A. G. Rehn are most indefatigable collectors. While their search is chiefly for Orthoptera, many interesting species of other orders have been added to the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia through their efforts. The Hebard-Rehn Expedition of 1924, visiting little known areas in central Nevada and southern Arizona, was no exception in this re- spect. As a result of that two months' trip the Academy is richer by three hundred seventy-one (371) specimens of Cole- optera alone.
Among the more interesting species have been added : Cratoccra capitata Chd., Lytta coopcri Lee., Elcodes wickhami
XXXVli, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85
Horn, Embaphion clon^uluin Horn, .luiniodonus ^ranosns Fall, Cymatodcra couuuis \Yolc., Estlu'supiis parcus Horn, Acmaeodera cuprina Spin, (a bright green form, not cotypVal with Jalapa specimens;, .IciiHieodera opacnla Lee., .Icuniro'/cni alicia Fall, Afctuleptns fcinonihts Schff., Cross/ Jius atcr I.cc. (a red variety which may he new), Conotruchelus arizonicus Schff., Agrilus cupreomaculatus Duges.
-l^i-ilus cnprcoiiHicnhitits Duges was taken in the l!aho<|u:- vari Mountains, southern Arizona, and is the first record of this species occurring north of the Mexican liorder; the type was described from Tupataro ; there is one example of this beautiful species labeled Tepic in the United States National Museum. FRANK R. MASON, Philadelphia, Penna.
On the New Arachnid Genus Tijuca, Mello-Leitao.
There has just come to my hands the May, 1925, number of the Bolethn do MHSCU National do Rio dc Janeiro ( \'ol. 1, Xo. 6), in which I am surprised to find a new genus of spiders of the family Zodariidae described by Dr. Mello-Leitao under tin- name Tijuca ( p. 461 ). Tijnca, the aboriginal name of the high- est peak in the immediate vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, does pos- sess a certain romantic significance, but it is not available for a lowly spider because Lesson (Ccnturic Zoologiqitc, p. 30, pi. 6, 1830) appropriated it nearly a hundred years ago for a remark- ably beautiful bird that was discovered in the same region. As I have had nothing to do with either the discovery or the diag- nosis of the new spider, it is not my place to propose another generic name for it. That should be done, and done immedi- ately, by Dr. Mello-Leitao, before the confusion has a chance to spread.
ERNEST G. HOLT, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Entomological Literature
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSOX, JR.
Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En- tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted. but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of ins- however, whether relating to American or exotic species will be record' u
The numbers in Heavy- Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered in the following list, in which the papers are published.
All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their first installments.
Papers of systematic nature will be found in tin' paragraph beginning with (N). Those pert;iining t'> Neotropical species only will be found in paragraphs beginning with (S). Those containing descriptions of new forms are preceded by an *.
For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En- tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento- mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.
Papers published in the Entomological News are not listed.
86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I. Mar., '26
1 — Trans., The .American Entomological Society. 4— Canadian Entomologist. 5 — Psyche. 8 — The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 9 — The Entomologist. 10 — Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington. 13 — Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Claremont, Cal. 14 — Ent. Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. M. 17— Ent. Rundschau, Stuttgart. 18 — Internationale Ent. Zeit., Guben. 22 — Bulletin of Ent. Research, London. 24 — An- nales, Soc. Ent. de France. 33 — Bull, et Annal. Soc. Ent. Belgique. 39 — The Florida Entomologist. 45 — Zeit. f. \Vis- senschftl. Insekentb., Berlin. 51 — Notulae Ent., Helsing- fors. 59 — Encyclopedic Ent., Paris. 63 — Deutsche Ent. Zeit., "Iris." 64— Zeit., Oesterr. Ent. Ver., \Yien. 69- Comptes Rendus, Acad. Sci., Paris. 75 — Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, London. 77 — Comptes Rendus, Soc. Biologic, Paris. 89 — Zool. Jahrbucher, Jena. 104 — Zeit. f. Wissen. Zool., Leipzig. 107 — Biologisches Zentralblatt. 108 — Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. Ill — Archiv. f. Xaturg., Berlin. 119 — Proc., Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington. 141 — American Naturalist. 154 — Zoolog. Anzeiger.
GENERAL. — Bergroth, E. E. — Obituary with portrait. 51, v, 101-5. Buckstone, A. W. W. — Migration of Insects.
9, 1926, 5-8. Butler, E. A.— Obituary with portrait. 8, 1926. 24. van Emden, F. — Zur kenntnis der eizaehn der arthro- poden, insbesondere der coleopteren. 104, cxxvi, 622-54. Forbes, S. A. — The lake as a microcosm. Bui. Nat. Hist. Surv., Illinois, xv, 537-50. Forbin, V. — Comment on nour- rit "Les infirmes" clans un jardin zoologique. — La Nature. 1925. 382-3. Hayward, K. J.— Mites on insects. 9, 1926, 14. Hunter, W. D. — Obituary with portrait and bibliography.
10, xxvii, 169-81. Light, S. S. — Fauna and flora of apple bark. 75, xvii, 126-49. Lutz, A. — Adolpho Lutz : a leader in South American medicine and biology. By M. M. Metcalf — -Sci. Month., 1926, 113-4. McAtee, W. L.— Policies relating to type specimens of insects. 10, xxvii, 181-7. Maulik, S.— Study <>f taxonomic zoology. — Nature, cxvii, 82. Meissner, O. — Zur richtigen betonung der lateinischen namen. 14, xxxix, 146-7 (cont.). Meissner, O. — Wellentod der insekten. 18, xix, 307-8. Morse, A. P. — Some rarities from Essex County, Mass. 5, xxxvii, 298. Pierce, W. D. — Principles and utilization of climatic control of insects. Lectures in Appl. Ent., (1). Pt. 2, p. 81-113. Roeber, J.— Luft und inzucht. 17, xlviii, 2-3. Ruediger, E. — Entomologie und zettelkatalog. 17, xlviii, 3-4. Uffeln, K. — Industriemelanismus. 18, xix, 301-5. Weiss, H. B. — Similarity of insect food habit types
XXXvii, '26] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87
on the Atlantic and western Arctic coasts of America. 141, Ix, 102-4. Zur klaerung cler rassenfrage in der entomologie 64, x, 109-12.
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, MEDICAL, ETC.—
Anderson, E. G. — Crossing over in a case of attached X- chromosome in Drosophila m. — Genetics, x, 403-17. Bridges & Anderson — Crossing over in the X-chroinosome of trip- loid females of Drosophila. — Genetics, x, 418-41. Demerec, M. — Reddish — a frequently "mutating" character in Droso- phila virilis. 119, xii, 11-16. Jeffrey & Hicks — Evidence as to the cause of so-called mutations in drosophila. — Genetica. vii, 273-86. Metz, C. W. — Chromosome studies on Sciara (Diptera). 141, Ix, 42-56. Muller, H. J.— Regionally differ- ential effect of X rays on crossing over in autosomes of Drosophila. — Genetics, x, 470-507. Muller & Dippel — Chro- mosome breakage by x-rays and the production of eggs from genetically male tissue in drosophila. — Brit. Jour. Exper. Biol., iii, 85-122. Payne, N. M. — Effect of environmental temperature upon insect freezing points. — Ecology, vii, 99- 106. Warren, E. — Spermatogenesis in spiders and the chro- mosome hypothesis of heredity. — Nature, cxvii, 82-3.
ARACHNIDA AND MYRIOPODA.— Hayward, K. J.
Mites on insects. 9, 1926, 14. Kuekenthal & Krumbach.^ Handbuch der zoologie. iii. Tardigrada. Von F. Richtei>. pp. 1-68; Pentastomida. Von R. Heymons. pp. 69-128. Millot, J. — La secretion de la soie chez les araignees. 77, xciv, 10-11. Savory, T. H. — Evolution in spiders. Sci. Progress, London, xx, 475-80. Zebrowski, G. — Preliminary report on the morphology of the American dog tick. 1, li, 331-69.
(N) *Chamberlin, R. V. — New sp. of the lithobiid genus Nampabius from Tennessee. 4, Ivii, 291. *Crosby & Bishop. — A new gen. and two n. sps. of spiders collected bv Bufo quercicus. 39, ix, 33-6.
THE SMALLER ORDERS OF INSECTA.— Abbott, C. E. — Relative importance of vision and the chemical sen>e in Anax larvae. 5, xxxvii, 315-8. Johnson, C. W. — Man- tispa interrupta and M. brunnea in New England; 5, xxxvii. 318. Pulkkinen, A. — Ueber die larven einiger odoiiaten. 51, v. 111-14.
(N) *Curran, C. H. — Descr. of two insects found in im- ported food-stuffs. 4, Ivii. 292-3. *Tillyard, R. J.— Kan>a-
88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Mar., '26
permian insects. VII. Order Mecopteru. Am. |<>urn. Sci., xi, 133-64.
(S) *Snyder, T. E. — New termites from Guatemala, Costa Rica and Colombia. 1C8, xvi, 18-28.
ORTHOPTERA.— Glasgow, R. D.— Specimen of Mel- anoplus differentialis with four ocelli. 5, xxxvii, 285-90. Hollande, C. — Les cellules a urates des Acridiens orthop- teres et la genese de ces urates. 69, clxxxi, 1175-6. Iwa- nowa, S. A. — Zur frage ueber die spermatophorbefruchtung bei den Acridodea (Locusta migratoria). 154, Ixv. 75-86. Rabaud, E. — Variation chromatique chez Mantis religiosa. 77, xciv, 36-7.
(N) *Hebard, M. — North American genus Inscudderia (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). 1, li, 321-30.
(S) *Hebard, M. — Dermaptera and Orthoptera from the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. II, Saltatorial Orthoptera. 1, li, 265-310.
HEMIPTERA.— Neiswander, C. R.— On the anatomy of the head and thorax in Ranatra. 1, li, 311-20. Teyrovsky, V. — Studie o larvach corixidi. (Etudes sur les larves des corixides.) Pub. Faculte Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno, 1925, Cis. 57, 13 pp.
(N) *Drake, C. J. — Concerning some Tingitidae from the gulf states. 39, ix, 36-9.
LEPIDOPTERA.— Bird, H.— New life histories in Pnpai- pema No. 23. 4, Ivii, 303-6. Clark, A. H. — Some unusual and interesting butterflies from eastern Massachusetts. 5, xxxvii, 293-8. Cook, W. C. — Some weather relations of the pale western cutworm ( Porosagrotis orthogonia). A pre- liminary study. Ecology, vii, 37-47. Ochmann. — Ein kleiner beitrag zur experimentellen beeinflussung der herbstgeneration von Van. urticae. 18, xix, 257-60. Paillot, A. — Sur un vibrion parasite des chenilles de Pieris brassicae. 77, xciv, 67-9.
(N) *McDunnough, J. — Notes on some sps. of the genus Anarta. 4, Ivii, 307-9. *Reuss, T. — Boloria reiffi. 18, xix. 279-80. Seamans, H. L. — Notes on the genus Copable- pharon in Alberta. 4, Ivii. 287-90.
(S) Cockerell, T. D. A. — Terias leuce in Argentina. 9, 1926, 11. *Ehrmann, G. A. — New sps. of exotic Papilioni- dae. 59, (B), 111, vol. i, 88-92. *Hering, M.— The macro- lepidoptera of the world. Fauna americana, Pt. 172, Fain. Dioptidae; beginning. :i:Hering & Hopp. — Fine sammelaus-