Yj
RA WH nth CORA Sa
=
Ses Eber eee
ses
Le WS, A Asa tan nie Ny BOM oe
a
fi ON a
A ih eS at : eat ‘
ts AS ik i a
int t 4
ee
. abet bo si ie * oa i
wees vivian :
URS
ie OS it
i Penn
a A Hy rit % i cee te Raia PART ORe
oh. i
Rete ati
ane at et at eelnsenebtait ae aye chat Mh :
ih
ae si Hee ts ry th He rt sea ees bala bict we nitath Plbtct 1} i i
i iter re
Cini sit
iat sui a
SIN eh ih ANN Hen aint
ts
mi
Wy Mi ci Ht
A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS
BY
me) Ht. MALDEN, Iso, PRS, ELS
(Lately Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
VoL. VIL. PARTS 61—70 (1923—28).
(WITH 40 PLATES.)
ivan WT ung, [ee | a, '\
i= (
JAN 10 1930
Strona muse
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
DBONED : ALFRED JAMES KENT, 1.8.0., GOVERNMENT PRINTER. 1929. #59687
A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE
GENES IUCALYPTUS,
BY
J. H’ MAIDEN, 18.0, RS, FLS.
(Lately Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney.)
WO, Wil. PARTS 61—70 (1923-28).
(WITH 40 PLATES.)
** Ages are spent in collecting maicrials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a sysien has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’’ MacauLay’s “Essay ON MILTON ”’
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Spbnep;: ALFRED JAMES KENT, 1S.0.,GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP STREET.
* 89687—A 1929,
ESE EL
\ = - s Ky amen E
INDEX.
[The names of Synonyms or Plants, &c., number of the page containing the description is printed in heavier type.]
Aboriginal names
Aborigines, Seeds for food of
Additional descriptions of juvenile leaves
Additions to range of individual species
Aesthetic aspect of the genus Eucalyptus
Age and Area a Sis
Aid in the study of ee
Albany Blackbutt
Altitude—Distribution of species
Alveolatae Series—Seeds ;
Angles of secondary veins with midrib
Animals (native other)—Enemies of Eucalypts
Aphorisms, Some
Application of zoological tests to a hetantcal species SB oe 1S oes
Area, Age and
Artificial production of vigorous trees iy hybridisation
Australia in payee bution of Eacalyots
Australian opinions on vernaculars, A few non-
Australian species cultivated abroad (Ceylon, India) ne ate at ee
Australian species. Extra-
and
Bastard Gimlet ... Use of the term
Blackbutt
Albany
Dundas Black Yate Bloodwood, Yellow Blue-leaf Mallet ... ay iY, Botanical descriptions, etc., Eucalyptus
schedule for ,
PAGE,
480
475
404
443,
incidentally mentioned are in zéalics.
Botanical names for trade purposes, Use of ... the ideal, Use of species, Application of zoological tests to a
travel, Preparation for Botany, How to further the study of Box ie 4 Hs 56 Tronbark Grey Gum-topped Broad-leaf Messmate Brown Barrel
Mallet :
Bundling or tuftiness of the stamens ...
Chaff, Use of the term ... :
Classical case of “ Splitting,” A, é
Climate, Geological formations, soils, with in-
cidental references to
Climographs, Definitions of a Species arranged according to ...
Cochleatae Series—Seeds a
Collecting seed of inferior species, Dancer ot...
Collector, Necessity for quoting the name of...
Collectors of specimens, List of
Colour of the seed
Coloured Plates ...
Coolabah . . ors Correlation of seedlings aa juvenile leaves - Corymbosae Series—Seeds 66
Winged (Series Tanminalitera) oe Non-winged (Series Naviculares) Cotyledons Curviptera Serica Seeds Cut-tail te Cycle of intermediate leave A
The
iv
D-shaped, Series Pyramidales- Definitions of Climographs : ee Demarcation between species, No fixed line of Descriptions, etc., Eucalyptus schedule for botanical ae of seeds aon Desirability of studying Eucalypts in the ioocth Diel’s Law Discal-lining Disc.of the flower fruit . s Distribution, viewer which cadacnte Yer or Papers on Range or i of Eucalypts, Australia in general New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia ... Tasmania Victoria ; Western Aastra Effect of drought conditions on species—Altitude... Dundas Blackbutt a Sh ie
Ecology : Effect of rapidity of owth on timber : “ Eucalyptographia,”’ Seeds figured by Mueller
ane Hts ne he he ved Eucalypts, Distribution of—Australia general New South Wales Northern tory Queensland South Australia... Tasmania
in
Terri-
Victoria ... Western Aust “nis
Effect of drought conditions on distribution of Enemies of ... ths
Animals and other) Epiphytes Fungi a Hemi-epiphytes
(native
INDEX
PAGE. PAGE
171 | Eucalypts, Enemies of—Meteorological (Frost, 239 Snow, Wind) 23, 24
434 Miscellaneous (hand of man) 35 443 Parasites _ 24 105 Weeds ... ae 34 394 in the bush, Desirability of studying 394
ah Eucalyptus in a scheme of education, The ies value of the study of 399
BP schedule for botanical descriptions,
4 &e. ee 443 336 seeds, Vitality of ... La 86 . The esthetic aspect of the genus... 397 325 | Eucalyptus Abergiana (Description of seed)... 108 335 acaciodes A. Cunn. i 12 333 accedens W. V. Fitzgerald 426 322 acmentoides (seed) 185 323 acmentoides Schauer var. lenurpes 394 Maiden and Blakely 464 319 affinis (seed) ts pee) lets)
agglomerata Maiden 459, 460, 461
349 (seed)... 176
337 aggregata Dean and Maiden 427
417 (seed) 146
albens (seed) ae 135
albida Maiden and Blakely 380
396 alpina Lindl. 459
325 (seed)... 174
altror (seed) 178
91 amygdalina (seed) ... 184 amygdalina Labill. var. nitida
318 Benth. : : ae 21 395 amygdalina Labill var. nitida
Baker and Smith, non Benth.... 19
335 Andrewsi (seed) 188
333 angophoroides R. T. Baker 470
322 angulosa (seed) oso) TUNG)
393 angusta Maiden 381, 403
394 Velenovsky 403
319 apiculata Baker and Smith 9
aspera F.v.M. .. 432
349 astringens Maiden ... 54, 55, 60
23 (seed) 122
Badjensis de Beuzeville and Welsh 376
35 Baileyana (seed) 120
28 Baueriana Schauer 16
28 var. conica 466
28 Bauerlent F.v.M. ... 377
INDEX. wv
PAGE, ; PAGE: ae lyptus Baxtert Maiden and Blakely . 481 | Bucalyptus corymbosa Sm. —... a ee003169 Baxtert Maiden and Blakely var. (seed). ... tes LOS pedicellata S00 S08 xe | EOL cosmophylla (seed) ie elo Behriana (seed)... 0. AL crebraF.v.M. _ ... 63, 64, 140, 370, 466 Beyert R. T. Baker dan nt 64 crucis Maiden eH es soo HOB biangularis Simmonds _... soo | OE (seed) es nas ong EHS) bicolor (seed) us 141 Cullent R. H. Cambage ... coo SHO) Blazlandi Maiden and Coiba: 458, 460 cylindriflora Maiden and Blakely... 411 (seedl) ait eens gees) ele Dawsons (seed) 9... es. «189 Bloxsomei Maiden “om sag CLE) dealbata A.Cunn.... ... ~~... ~—- 366 (seed) ... ae aco | ahdls} (seed) Ais ane aca) UGS) Bosisioana F.v.M. 200 pon EHUB) Deanci (seed) te sith noo UG Bosistoana (seed) ... Be cae Ail de Beuzevillet (seed) Bho soo | ALES botryovdes (seed)... ws coo SD decipiens (seed)... i) san) 1S) buprestium (seed) ... SA son CGS) decurva F.v.M. ... zak ie 17 Burracoppinensis Maiden and (seed) a ; og), Waail Blakely ... 367 Desmondensis Maiden and BGrely 425 (seed) ... oe OT dichromophlova (seed)... eG Caley: Maiden... 52 ace 4 diptera Andrews ... a noo Cale) (seed) vee ve =. 138 diversicolor (seed) ... ie co | UD calophylla (seed)... vs -- 110 diverstfolia ean Fv. M. » var. rosea (seed) soo NG) (seed)... : : ¢ 1t4 Camfieldi (seed)... sg iG) dives (seed) ae 184 Campaspe $8. Le Moore ... ... 420 Dongarrensis Maiden aa Blakely 3714 canaliculata (seed) ... Sn cco) doratoxylon (seed) ... aa soo SIL capitellaiaSm. ... _... sco | DormenveDominitees, juan a.) alae (seed) ... tLe soo Le drepanophylla F.v.M. ane ... 18, 379 Sm. var. (?) latifolia dumosa A. Cunn. ... 372, 405, 422 Benth. we seo LG Dundasi Maiden ... at 417, 422 Chisholmi Maiden and Blakely ... 61 Dunnit (seed) 300 40 cos MBSE cinerea (seed) Jeon set LOO Dwyeri Maiden and Boel . 363 cinerea F.y.M. var. multiflora 467, 469 Ebbanensis Maiden ee ves SUL citriodora (seed)... ... se) LI eleophora (seed) ... «.. 156 cladocalyx F.v.M. ... an Bae 2d eremophila Maiden sy se Ase) (seed) =. 9... ... 120 eremophila Maiden var. grandiflora 22 clavigera A. Cunn. aos ao! erythrocorys (seed) doo ea Ge (seed)... cue coo HUE erythronema Turcz. a cca | ALIA A. Cunn. var. Gilbertensis (seed)... ie seo, Maiden and Blakely... 432 eudesmioides F.v.M. vi so) el Cleland: Maiden... oe soe te O00 (seed)... cv A TH Cliftoniana (seed) ... 2 + 108 eugentoides Sieb. ... aa vs, 459 Claziana (seed)... ec saw AS) (seed) ... EA aug USS caerulea Baker and Smith... ee 14 var. (seed)... aR conglobata (R. Br.) Maiden 372, 420 EAT gr conica Deane and sae 63, 64, 466 AACE) i oa Te nas Goneiden anid ceed) x 179 exserta (seed) ae sae soo «| GS) coriacea (seed)... a: st fabrorum Schlecht. pe ... 456 cornuta (seed) ie py oe | NE falcata Turez. ot 60 ae 17
corrugata Lueh. ... Lye ong EH! fascrculosa (seed) ... i regs ES
vi INDEX. rss" PAGE. PAGE. Eucalyptus fastigata Deane and Maiden 1 | Eucalyptus ligustrina (seed)... te . 186 (seed) 187 lirata (W. V. Fitzgerald) Marden 409 ferruginea R. Br. ... 452 (seed) vee os ..@ 120 (seed) 106 longicornis F.v.M. 81, 406 jicifolia (seed) 106 longifolia (seed)... pan .. 164 Fletcheri R. T. Baker 16 var. multiflora (seed) ... 164 foecunda (seed) 123 Macarthuri Deane and Maiden ... 427 Foelscheana F.v.M. 107 (seed) oo eetolg Forrestiana Diels ... 429 macrocarpa (seed) ... Pes w Id fraxinoides (seed) 178 macrorrhyncha (seed) ac oe ellSO Gardneri Maiden ... O05 8,"57,.60 maculata Hook... Be ee 69 gigantea (seed) 172 (seed)... ai poe thle Gillii (seed) 149 maculosd R. T. Baker .. 373, 414, 427 globulus (seed) 154 (seed)... or ic LAO gomphocephala (seed) 119 Marden (seed)... S50 vey WBE goniantha Turcz. 424 marginata Sm... ass eI) gontocalyz; (seed) 155 (seed) ... oo ve 172 gracilis (seed) 143 Sm. var. Sterii Maiden 374 grandifolia (seed) ... 113 MeIntyrensts Maiden... poe BUY) Griffithsii Maiden ... 424 megacarpa (seed) ... bn ape lees) Guillicks Baker and Smith 373 melanoxylon Maiden ae .. 405 Gunnii (seed) 148 melliodora A. Cunn. 64, 463 haemastoma (seed) 182 (seed)... ... - 142 hemiphloia (seed) ... 135 Merricke Maiden and Blakely ... 480 hypericifolia R. Br. 60 mucrantha DC. —... ae Sip 61 Tnerassotasliabnlle 372 nucrocarpa (seed) ... bee .. 140 TnsizwacnsrsiMaiden Lanraas nucrocorys (seed) ... ss Selo intermedia R.T. Baker ... —... 66, 69 microneura Maiden and Blakely 415 interlexta (seed) 136 microphylla A. Cunn. eh 12 Isingiana Maiden ... 410 macrotheca F.v.M. ... Bh we ALG (seed) 115 (seed) ... a sod las Kalangadoensis Maiden and Mutchellana (seed) Ree es Blakely 378 Mooret (seed) Bb nab SS Kesselli Maiden and Blakely 423 | Morristi (seed)... oo =: 166 Kitsoniana (seed) ... 157 Muelleriana (seed)... ts con UII Kondininensis Maiden and Murphyi Maiden and Blakely ... 465 Blakely i ee 404, 422 Naudiniana ¥F.v.M. a8 noo tek hs} Kruseana (seed) 147 neglecta (seed) Ree sie sae LAT levopinea (seed) 177 nitens (seed) se se poo. 1) das}. Lane-Poolet (seed) 148 nitida Hook. f. ners ee eis 21 Laseront (seed) 187 notabilis (seed)... oh Be alioil latefolia (seed) 106 Nowrensis Maiden A x 68 Lehmanni (seed) 118 " (seed) ... Ae soo) MOY) leptophleba (seed) ... 134 numerosa Maiden ... Age ee 20 leptophylla F.v.M. 381 (seed) .. 2. 0. 184 (seed) ... 151 nutans F.v.M. Be an ae 82 leucoxylon (seed) 138 obliqua L’Herit __... 1 one 4 leucoculon F v M. var. pallens Benth 14 (seed) aac 209 soa lls
INDEX.
PAGE. Eucalyptus obtuszflora (seed) ... 5 ee LSE occidentalis Endl. ... ae oe 57
e (seed) ... ee aoe EI)
Endl. var. astringens Maiden 56, 59
oxymitra Diels 59 ochrophloia (seed) ... a see) gO odorata (seed) We: Bs I wild var. caleicultrix (send) scan ED Oldjieldi F.v.M. ... oe Pe ocs (seed)... ae yen oleosa F.v.M. 17, 65, 418, 422 (seed) aos ae bog | eR) orbifolia F.v.M. ... at e; 81 orgadophila Maiden and Blakely . 462 ovata (seed)... Bey a aS var. camphora (seed) =. 4J46 ovularis Maiden and Blakely ... 421 pachyloma (seed) ... om sco SUG pachyphylla F.v.M. me SOS paniculata (seed) ... 6c aco GY papuana (seed)... oe vor 4 Parramattensis (seed)... peewee GD) parvifolia (seed) ... ee wey LET patens (seed) 506 AS sco, dina? patellaris F.v.M. ... an . 408 patellaris (seed)... a sap UGK} Peacockeana Maiden ee .. 384 pellita (seed) 40 ae soo GE peltata F.v.M. a8 Be a ol6 (seed) ae wis yesh = 2, Penrithensis (seed) os LSG perfoliata (seed)... ai eet LOZ Perriniana (seed) ... Sl ... 145 phellandra Baker and Smith _... 19 pilularis (seed)... ee soo WED) var. pyriformis (seed) ... 180 Pimpiniana Maiden ee soe ENG) piperita Sra. re ahs ai 61 (seed)... ce soon) OS Planchoniana (seed) es ee TE platypus Hooker ... oe aha 82 (seed) ... we 122 polyanthemos Schauer... 16, 18 (seed) pope wmmclanoed 8) populifolia (seed) ... vs Spe NED) Preissiana (seed) ... ws con) SIG propinqua (seed) ... ; Ha L63
vil PAGE Eucalyptus pruinosa (seed)... Bi soo) Sis }5 pseudo-globulus (Hort.) Naudin ... 383 ptychocarpa (seed) ... eas soo OES pumila Cambage ... On bea | hth} (seed) nee Ns son, Gf) punctata (seed)... uae 159 pyriformis Turez. var. Rameliana Maiden Be, Hee son | Olas pyriformis (seed). ... Ae ee ealaic! pyrophora (seed)... Bie LOS quadrangulata (seed) mae : 150 radiata Sieb. ah ste 19, 20 radiata (seed) an ue aoe a kee rariflora (seed) —... aa bos WENO) Ravertiana (seed) ... vee ae > 143 redunca Schauer... ua ... 6, 426 (seed) ee lk a 144
redunca Schauer var. angustafelia Benthieese Oyo9 elata Benth. 54, 59
oxymatra
Maiden ... 59 regnans R.w.M. ... sos S45 3 (seed) wih ant Si F.v.M. var. fastigata ... il resinifera (seed)... abe soo, GIL rigidula Maiden... i 403 Risdoni Hook. f, var. alate Benth. 60 robusta (seed) dp Bas we Od rostrata (peed) (Ro iis 3. 166 rubida Deane and Maiden bo) (seed) aes an ae d45) rudis (seed)... ae a6 Rydalensis Baker and Smith Re PAL saligna (seed) ee aap boo) AK salmonophloia (seed) Aye agg | 1S salubrisE.v.M. ... ai poo 40) (seed) ve ; 162
santalifolia F.v.M. var. (2) Bae Benth. seat ie Oo Sargenti Maiden ... ae A 58 Schlechtert Diels... ae vee 7 scoparia (seed)... ey mann 46 sepuleralis F.v.M. Se .. 426 (seed) ... tis been alte) setosa (seed) 650 aa LOD Shiressvi (seed)... ae pe 60 siderophloia Benth. sa sea) ad (seed)... BA coo | HST}
var. (seed) ... LS.
viii INDEX. PAGE. PAGE, Bucalyptus siderophloia var. glauca (seed) 139 | EHucalyptus viridis R. T. Baker 12 sideroxylon (seed) ... 138 vitrea R. T. Baker 4 sideroxylon A. Cunn, var. pallens - (seed) 185 Bakerand mith 14. Watsoniana ¥.v.M. 317 sideroxzylon A. Cunn. var. pallens (seed)... ut iBenthe 14 Websteriana Maiden 81 Sieberiana F.v.M. 10 J [BER 2s (eeady 178 Westont Maiden and Blakely 413 ores Whitec Maiden and Blakely 369, 416 similis (seed) 121 , ; Sianinondacs (seed) 188 Woodwardi (seed) ... «152 uae as canthonema Turez. . 5, 59 SLC See) oe Evolution, the Leaf, with special reference to 203 spathulata Hook ; 6 aS Souneoiane Maides __.18, 416 Examination of organs and general appearance in the bush ... 397 (seed): ay Extra-Australian species 274 Stervi Maiden 374 Staigeriana F.v.M. 370 | Factors which influencd range or distribution 336 (seed)... 124 | Figures of intermediate leaves ... 310 stellulata (seed) 188 | Fimbriate, Series Lepidote (Seeds) 152 Stricklandi Maiden 418 | Flower, Disc of the 38 stricta Sieb. 9 | Food of aborigines, Seeds for 89 (seed) 182 | Foveolatz Series (Seeds) 144 Sieb. var. rigzda 9 | Fruit, Disc of the i cate 39 Stuartiana F.v.M. 467 | Fungi—KEnemies of Kucalypts ... 28 (seed) ... 155 Studleyensis (seed)... 167 | Geocols te oo 00 338 teniola (seed) 185 | Geography, Aid in the study of 395 Taylori Maiden 63 | Geological formations, Soils, with some inciden- tereticornis (seed), ... 165° tal BEAGLES climate 340 terminalis (seed)... Si Pen lOS Genus, Variation in the 438 terminalis F.v.M. var. longipedat Gimlet i 420 Maiden and Blakely 407 Bastard... 419 tessellaris (seed) 113 | Grey Box 18 tetragona (seed) 116 Gum 68 tetraptera (seed) 116 | Gum, Grey 68 tetrodonta (seed)... 168 River White 20 Todtiana F.v.M. ... 375 Spotted 68 (seed) 169 | Gum-topped Box 462 torquata (seed) 128 Hand-crushing of leaves for determination of trachyphloia (seed)... 112 species ae Ns me te 204 umbra (seed) 183 | Hemi-epiphytes—Enemies of Eucalypts 28 uncinata Turez. 381 | Heteroptera Series (Eudesmiez in part) (Seeds) 115 (seed) 150 | Hilum ie AB 94 unialata (seed) 154 | How to designate the type a 440 urnigera Hook. pao ahs) further the study of botany ... 400 viminalis Labill. ... 379, 414 | Humanistic studies, Scientific and 399 (seed) .. 157 | Hybrids, Natural : he nae Beg) ets virgata Sieb. ... 10,11 | Hybridisation, The artificial production of (seed) 117 vigorous trees by bce «. 385
INDEX. ix
PAGE. Ideal, Use of botanical name the 474 Ideal of the type, The 439 Individual species, Additions to range of 280 Industries parasitic on Science, The 400 Tnequality of species values 434
Tnflorescence, The ae ee oF vee 36
Intermediate leaf, The ... 306 leaves, a cycle of 307
Figures of 310
Tronbark ... 370 Box =. vee ca Sic seg thats) Round-leaved Re sok Pe 15
Stunted ae oa S5/ nes 14
Jack, Yellow coo IG Jacket, Yellow 315, 316 Jordan’s species ... 436 Juvenile leaves ace see te 205 Additional descriptions 209
Correlation of seedlings and ... 206
Terminology of 208
Kochioides Series (Seeds) 114 Labels and schedules 443 Leaf, The .. cho) |. Gui meh special Patereide” e volition®. 203 intermediate ... 306
Leaves, intermediate, A cycle of 307 Figures of 310
Juvenile : aoe ae cog AUS) Additional descriptions of ... 209
Correlation of seedlings and 206
Terminology of ZO
Mature ... 205, 355 Levisperme Series (eed) 144 List of collectors of specimens ... 387
Maiden, J. H., Obituary notice I, II, III just before 239
Mallee, Narrow-leaved ... 421, 430 Peeneri ... Oe ee oh ae 65 White : wa Be me ALT Yellow-flowering bec 200 wa 22 Mallet, Blue-leaf ae Pe Bea te 53 Brown... moe We ee as 55 Scrub... Poe oh A ve 56 White... ap a3 Wea ah Li
#39687 —B
PAGE Marlock a1) 429 Mature leaves ee S 205, 355 Messmate, Broad-leaf ... aN ie vs 2 White-top ... ; : ae 2 Meteorological enemies of Bcalyps ae snow, wind) it . 23, 24 Micromembrane Series (Geeasyel 118 Midrib, Angles of secondary veins with 204 Miscellaneous enemies of Hucalypts—hand of man ... aes 500 ci 606 568 30 Morrel, Red bss ate a ae ea 81 Muricate Series ... 170 Narrow-leaved Mallee... ue Bae 421, 430 Natural hybrids ... . 384 Necessity for quoting the name et a colletons 396 New South Wales—Distribution of Kucalypts 325 Neuroptera Series (Seeds) 169 Non-Australian opinions on vernaculars 473 Northern Territory—Distribution of Kucalypts 335 Notes on species of apparently anomalous range 350
Obituary Notice, J. H. Maiden I, II, ILI just before 239
Old vernaculars ... 476 Pachysperme Series (Seeds) GT Parasites—Enemies of Kucalypts sind ees 24 Peeneri Mallee... ar 550 ae we 65 Peppermint, White Top... 200 500 doo 20 Poot on sido Jk 81 Preparation for Hoeanieall travel! 394 Pyramidales-D-shaped Series (Seeds) ... 171 Queensland—Distribution of Kucalypts 333 Range or distribution, Factors which influence 336 Papers on 318
Range. Notes on iis of ey aetna ous .. 300 Sb 390 of individual species 280 Rapidity of growth on timber, Effect of 385 Red Morrel os ses bs th Ps 81 River White Gum $3, chs S06 ees 20 Round-leaved Ironbark a Doc os 15 Rufisperme Series (Seeds) 152
x
PAGE. Schedules, Labels and 443, Science, The industries parasitic on 400 Scientific and humanistic studies 399 Scrub, Mallet 56 Sculpture .. 95 Secotidary 4 veins tat aah, waeles of 204 Seed, The 84 Colour of 97 Size of 100 Wing of 92 Seeds, Description of .. ae = eenlOD
figured by Mueller in ‘“ Eucalypto- graphia ” at fee SBE 91 for food of aborigines 89 of species not seen 104 Sterile 90 Seedlings and juvenile leaves, Correlation of... 206 Series Alveolatz (Seeds) 151 ve. Cochleatee 168 | Corymbose | 108 Curviptera 117 Foveolate.. aA 144 Hetero itera (uuddsrnieed: in a) 115 Kochioides 114 Lepidote-Fimbriate 152 Levisperme 144 Micromembrane ... 118 Muricate ... Be 170 Naviculares (Non- ed Coe tee 109 Neuroptera 169 Pachysperme Bae 167 Pyramidales-D-shaped ... 171 Rufisperme 152 Scutelliformes 119 Scutiformes aes Hs foot pull Striolate ... ALD 121, 133 Terminaliptera (Winged Seana 105 South Australia, Distribution of Eucalypts ... 322 Silver Top Rs 2 Bpevies arranged eae to ee a 242 States . 264 Additions to range of ceevaduel 280
Application of zoological tests to a botanical 437 Danger of collecting seed of an niaeSni 85 Distribution of —Altitude 337 Extra-Australian 274
Species Hand-crushing of leaves for determina-
tion of Jordan’s .
No fixed The of Pt eee of apparently anomalous range, Notes
one: i! not seen, Seeds of Question, The Tropical ... : abt Valuez, Inequality of ... Variety or What is a ; Specimens, List of collectors of “ Splitting,” A classical case of Spotted Gum : ee Stamens, Bundling or tiftiness of the.. Stocking Tree Stringybark aie Struggle for taxonomic definiteness, The Stunted Ironbark
Tasmania—Distribution of Eucalypts... Taxonomic definiteness, The struggle for Terminology of juvenile leaves Testa Timber, Effect of fapidite of growths on Timbers, Vernacular names for Tuftiness of the stamens, Bundling or Type, How to designate the
The ideal of the ...
Use of botanical names for trade purposes
the ideal the term ‘‘ Bastard ”’ ** Chaff ”’
Variation in the genus . Variety or species Vernacular names os for timbers ...
Vernaculars, A few non-Australian opinions on
Old at Boe a Victoria—Distribution of Eucalypts ... Vitality of Eucalyptus seeds
PAGE -
204 436 434
300 104 433, 271
INDEX. x1
PAGE. PAGE. Weeds—Enemies of Eucalypis ae: 34 | Yate, Black = ee os BO ... 404
Western Australia—Distribution of Eucalyp 319 | Yellow Bloodwood ue z Ae col Ls
MieGunner | MOP MAlee Mallee er a 2 ce a Jack ay i, ae oe OLS Mallet... be ie au mn 17 Jacket... a ae ah 315, 316 Top aes ae 2 ;
Messmate ... a noe ie 2
Peppermint ... wae se oe 20 Wing of the Seed, The .. ... ....... ~—- 92 | Zoological tests to a botanical species, Appli- Woolly Butt ae ee ie8 ae wee 2 cation of ... See bo a0 cee AST
Sydney: Alfred James Kent, I.S.0., Government Printer—1929.
Pee es
ya oe Rivne
ih EAMES ey CAPT ad
1
A CRMAICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS
BY
J. H. MAIDEN, 180, FRs, FLS
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney),
y 0 “il 24 | iS Na Ao a f “oO Gs
( Saga K ‘a OCP ors.Wweu
ren z G Ok Vor. VIL Par retin tee
ee OF THE PAR i LX] COMPLETE WORK,
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
PRICE THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Zonnen ; ALFRED JAMES KENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
Brat 1923,
i.
oe
ENS
Bebb
pituty betsivte bets
INDEX OF PARTS PUBLISHED.
PART I. E. pilwaris Sm., and var. Muelleriana
Maiden. Plates, 1-4. (Issued March, 1903.)
PART II.
. EL. obliqgua L’ Heritier.
Plates, 5-8. (issued May, 1903.) PART IIL.
. &. calycogona ‘lurczaninow.
Plates, 9-12. (issued July, 19U3.)
PART IY. . merassata Labillardiére. . fecunda Schauer. Plates, 13-24. (issued June, 1904.)
PART V. . stelluluta Sieber. H. corvacea A. Cunn,
Ee
ss]
. H. coccifera Hook. t.
Plates, 25-28. (lssued November, 19U4.)
’ PART VI. - amygdalina Labillardiere.
. #H. lineuris Debnhardt. . #, Kisdom Hook. t.
*Plates, 29-32. (Issued April, 1905.) PART VIL.
. HB. regnans ¥.v.M. . H. vitellina Naudin, and EH. vitrea R. 1.
Baker. ~
. Li. dies Schauer. . &. Andrews: Maiden. A voE
dwersifuia Bonpland, Plates, 33-36. (Lssued October, 1908.)
PART VIII.
. EH, capitellata Sm. . H. Muellerrana Howitt.
HE. macrorrhyncha B.v.M.
. HL. eugenioides Sieber. . H, margumata Sm.
buprestiuum F.v.M.
Ee: sepulcralis l'.v.M.
Plates, 37-40. (Issued March, 1907.)
PART IX. alpina Lindl. mucrocorys .v.M. acmenioides Schauer. umbra R. T. Baker. virgata Siebr. apiculata Baker and Smith. Luehmannana F.v.M. Planchoniana F.v.M. Plates. 41-44. (Issued November. 1907
PART X. . piperita Sm. Sieberiana K.v.M. Consideniana Maiden. hemastoma Sm. siderophloia Benth. Boormani Deane and Maiden. . leptophleba F.v.M. . Behriana V.v.M. . populifolia Hook. . Bowmani F.v.M. (Doubtful species.) Plates, 45-48. (Issued December, 1908.)
PART XI.
. EB. Bosistoana ¥.v.M.
. EL. bicolor A. Cunn.
. EB. hemiphloia F.v.M. X . E. odorata Behr and Schlechtendal.
. An Ironbark Boz. . fruticetorum F.v.M. . acacioides A. Cunn.
. ochrephloia F.v.M. 7. microtheca W.v.M. Plates, 49-52.
E
_E
as a Thozetiana F.v.M. B
(Issued February, 1910.)
Sees
PART XII.
. Raveretiana V.vy.M. . crebru W.v.M. -
. Staigeriana W.vy M.
. melanuphlova ¥.v.M. . pruinosa Schauer.
. Smithu KR. Vv. Baker. . Naudimana F.v.M.
. sideroxylon A. Cunn. . leucuaylon VF .v.M.
. Caley Maiden.
Plates, 53-86. (1lssued Nuvember, 1910.)
PART AIIL.
. affinis Deane and Maiden. . pan.culuta Sm.
. polyunthemes Schauer.
. fuader. Maiden.
. Baueriana Schauer.
. cneorijolia DC.
Plates, 57-60. (Issued July, 1911.)
PART XIV.
. melliodora A. Cunn.
. fasciculosa .v.M.
. uncinata ‘Turezaninow. . decipiens Wndl.
. concolor Schauer.
. Cléeziana ¥.v.M.
. oligantha Schauer.
Plates, 61-64. (Issued March, 1912.)
PART XY.
. oleosa F.v.M. . Gulu Maiden. . falcata Turez.
Plates, 65-68. (Issued July, 1912.)
PART XVI.
. oleosa V’.v.M., var. Flocktunie Maiden . Le Souefit Maiden.
}. Cleland: Maiden,
. decurva F.v.M.
. doratozylon F.v.M.
. corrugata Luehmann.
. goniantha Turcez.
. Stricklandi Maiden.
. Campaspe 8. le M. Moore. . diptera Andrews.
. Griffithsii Maiden.
. grossa F.v.M.
. Pimpiniana Maiden.
. Woodwardi Maiden.
Plates, 69-72. (Issued September, 1912.)
PART XVII.
. salmonophloia F.v.M.
. leptopoda Bentham.
. squamosa Deane and Maiden. . Oldfieldii F.v.M.
. orbifolia V.v.M.
. pyriformis Turcezaninow.
Plates, 73-76. (Issued February, 1913.)
PART XVIII.
. macrocarpa Hook.
. Preissiana Schauer.
. megacarpa F.v.M.
. globulus Labillardiére, . Maideni F.v.M.
. urnigera Hook, f.
Plates, 77-80. (Issued July, 1913.)
PART XIX.
. goniocalyxa F.v.M.
. nitens Maiden.
. eleophora F.v.M.
. cordata Labill.
. angustissima F.v.M.
Plates, 81-84. (Issued December, 1913.)
Bop ;
PART XX. . gigantea Hook. f. . longifoha Link and Otto. . dwersicolor F.v.M. \ : . Guilfoyler Maiden. . patens Benthain. . Lodtiana ¥.v.M. . mecranthera .v.M. Plates, 85-58. (Issued March. 1914.) PART XXI. . cmerea I.v.M. . pulverulenta Sims. . cosmophylla ¥.v.M. . gomphocephala A. P. DC. Plates, 89-92. (lssued March, 1914.) PART XXII. . erythronema Turez. . ucacieformis. Deane & Maiden. . pallidifolia F.v.M. . cwsia Benth. . tetraptera Turez. . Horrestiana Diels. . miniata A. Cunn. » . phonicea V.v.M. Plates, 98-96. (Issued April, 1915.)
PART XXIII. . robusta Smith. . botryoides Smith.
. suligna Smith,
Plates, 97-100. (Issued July, 1915.) PART XXIV.
. Deanei Maiden.
. Dunnii Maiden.
. Stuartiana F.v.M.
. Banksii Maiden, i . quadrangulata Deane and Maiden.
Plates, 100 bis-103. (Issued November,
1915.) PART XXV. . Macarthuri Deane and Maiden, ~ \ . aggregata Deane and Maiden. . parvifolia Cambage. . alba Reinwardt. Plates, 104-107. 1916.) PART XXVI. . Perriniana F.v.M. Gunnii Hook ¢. . rubida Deane and Maiden. Plates, 108-111. (Issued April, 1916.)
PART XXVII. . maculosa R. T. Baker. . precoz Maiden. . ovata Labill. . neglecta Maiden. : Plates, 112-115. (Issued July, 1916.)
PART XXVIII. . vernicosa Hook f. . Muelleri T. B. Moore.
(Issued February,
. Kitsoniana (J. G. Luehmann) Maiden. . viminalis Labillardiére. Plates, 116-119. (Issued December, 1916.)
PART XXIX. . Baeuerleni F.v.M. . scoparia Maiden. . Benthami Maiden and Cambage. - propinqua Deane and Maiden. . punctata DC.
. Kirtoniana F.v.M. Plates, 120-123. (Issued Yebruary, 1917.) PART XXX.
. resinifera Sm.
. pellita W.v.M.
. brachyandra F.v.M, Nits Gola Plateg, 124-127. (Issued April, 1917.)
PERO RieN INsVISION OF THE
GENUS UCM YETUS
BY
ele VES S NIeS: OF bsReSs F.L.S,
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney}.
WOE. WMS Veena be Part LXI of the Complete Work.
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
“Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’’ Macautay’s ‘Essay ON MILTON.”
PRICE THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE,
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
Svpnev :
ALFRED JAMES KENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
-9021—A 1923
CCCLI, Eucalyptus fastigata Weane and Maiden.
Range . Affinities
Description Synonym Range. Affinities
CCCLIV. Eucalyptus Scehlechteri Diels. Deseription 2 : d : ‘ 3 : ‘ : Range.
Affinities
XXIX. Fuecalyptus apiculata Baker and Smith. Range. : : : : : : : : 6
Affinities
XXXII. Eucalyptus Sieberiana Fv M. XXVIII. Eucalyptus virgata Sieb. XIVI. Eucalyptus acacioides A. Cunn.
LVI. Eucalyptus Naudiniana F.v.M. Range : ; ; : é : : : :
LIX. Eucalyptus Caleyi Maiden. Synonyms . : : ; : ; : 4 : Range.
CCCLITI. Fuealyptus xanthonema Turczaninow.
TO
IT
I2
15
14 14
LXIV. Eucalyptus Baueriana Schauer.
LXXV. Eucalyptus faleata Turcz.
Range.
CCI. Eucalyptus radiata Sieb.
Synonyms.
CCII. Eucalyptus numerosa Maiden.
CCHIT. Eucalyptus nitida Hook. f.
CXCIV. Eucalyptus Spenceriana Maiden.
PAGE,
16
17
18
19
20
21
CCLIT. Eucalyptus eremophila Maiden, var. grandiflora n. var.
Synonym
ENEMIES. OF EBEUCALYPTS.
Meteorological . Parasites—
Mistletoes (Loranths)
Fungi Weeds . Animals (Native and other) Hand of Man .
22
23
24 28 34 35 39
VII. The Inflorescence, and
VIII. The Fruit — continued).
Deciduous Staminiferous Ring
(a) Continuous
(bo) Discontinuous (Eudesmiee). Dise of the Flower
Historical Dise of the Fruit
Dise or Diseal Jining
Explanation of Plates (248-251)
DESCRIRMION.
CCCLIT. EF. fastigata Deane and Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. WV., xxx, 809, with Plate lxi (1896).
See also Part VII, p. 185, of the present work, where the description is printed, and where the species is looked upon as a form of EL. regnans F.v.M., but not described as a variety. At the same time, some specimens have been issued from the National Herbarium, Sydney, under the name of EL. regnans var. fastigata, in the ordinary way of exchange.
I for a long time looked upon £. fastigata as an environmental form of EF. reqgnans, but after further travel and examination of specimens, and consultation with other botanists, | have come to the conclusion that they are distinct species. See “* Affinities.”
Mr. Harry Hopkins, speaking of the jungle near Bendoc, north-eastern Gippsland, says this species has leaves the thinnest, most translucent and of the palest green that he has found in the district. The leaves of both it and LZ. reqnans are always thin.
[lustrations—It seems to have been sufficiently figured in Part VII, Plate 33, as follows :—Figures 3, 6, 6a (exceptionally flat-topped), 7, 8, 9. In addition, the buds 1b, and the fruits Ic, belong to F. fastigata. They were collected at Monga, near Braidwood (W. Baeuerlen), but were in error cited as from the Dandenong, Victoria, where Figs. 1 and la, type of 2. regnans, came from. All the rest of the figures on this Plate belong to EB. regnans, and it will be observed that while (see below) a general character of the fruit of 2. fastigata is domedness, in comparison with the truncateness of that of 2. regnans, specimens occasionally occur which render this differentiation exceedingly difficult. .
RANGE.
It is a tree of comparatively cool, mountain localities, and appears to be confined to eastern Gippsland (Victoria) and to the tablelands of New South Wales. The type comes from Tantawanglo Mountain, near Cathcart, Bombala district, N.S.W.
2
The following localities may be added to those given in Part VII, p. 187.
VICTORIA. I cannot do better than cite the remarks of Mr. Harry Hopkins of Bairnsdale, a careful student of the genus :—
It is known as “ Cut-tail.’ I have found it in some of the jungle gullies between the Bemm River and the Cann River in East Gippsland, also in the jungles on the north-east side of the Drummer Range where the Orbost-Genoa road crosses the range. It occurs only, so far as I know, on the red-coloured jungle soils (which I think are probably of volcanic origin). This is very noticeable at the Drummer Range, where, as soon as the red clayey jungle soil is left and the granitic formation entered upon, it ceases altogether. I noted the same thing at Bendoe, and other places. £. obliqua grows freely in these localities on the poorer granitic soils, and overflows on the “jungle soil” country, but LZ. fastigata never crosses the border line between the two soils.
>
New Sourn WaAtzEs.
Southern Localities.‘ Stem up to first branches covered with thick fibrous bark, like #. eugenioides, branches quite smooth, clean and almost white, like the branches of a very clean Gum.” Half way up the cutting, Big Jack Mountain, Eden- Bombala Road (H. Hopkins). “ Woolly Butt, a large tree, something like EL. gigantea in appearance, shows a rough stringy bark, but cleans at the limbs. Timber in good demand for milling.” Parker’s Gap, Parish of Ollabulla, between Queanbeyan and Braidwood (W. A. W. de Beuzeville, No. 1). “ White Top. Very like No. 1, but has a comparatively smooth bark, more like a Messmate, but cleans up well at the large limbs. A large tree. Timber in demand for sawmill work.” Parker’s Gap (W.A.W. de Beuzeville, No. 2). “ Broad-leaf Messmate. A large Messmate-looking tree, esteemed for milling.” Parker’s Gap (W. A. W. de Beuzeville, No. 3). State Forest No. 577, Tallaganda, Braidwood district (C. J. Weston, No. 55). Clyde Mountain, near Nelligen (J. L. Boorman). Fibrous bark to branches, Nelligen Road, 6 miles from Braidwood (R. H. Cambage, No. 2067). ‘*‘ White Top Messmate,” Fern Gully, Reidsdale-Braidwood district (F. W. Wakefield, No. 20). “* Tree of 60 feet, 2 feet in diameter. Bark persistent to the uppermost branches and fibrous.” Reidsdale (F. W. Wakefield, No. 26). Currockbilly, Wog Wog district (J. L. Boorman). Close to summit of Mount Dromedary (Forest Guard William Dunn, No. 139). “‘ Called ‘Silver Top’ on Tantawanglo Mountai at Montgomery’s Mill. Also ‘Cut Tail’ im Coast Range. (Both names used by timber inspector of Railway Construction Department.) “Brown Barrel.’” Rossi, near Bungendore (Forest Guard Boyd). “ Affinity to a Messmate. Large tree on the red soil near Robertson.” (Forest Guard W. Dunn, No. 50).
Western Localities.
“ Tall tree of the Stringybark character.’ Marrangaroo (Dr. E. C. Chisholm). “Top of Mount Werong, 30 miles south of Oberon, basalt formation, 3,900 feet above sea-level.” (R. H. Cambage, No. 2257). Jenolan Caves- Oberon Road (F. W. Wakefield, No. 20). “ Blackbutt, 80 feet, bark at butt of a blackish colour, varying to a reddish brown, extending to the branches.’’—Oberon (Assistant Forester H. W. Garling). “ Blackbutt, one tree measured 83 feet to the
3
first limb, others measured from 50 to 60 feet. Considered a useful timber. Grows in deep gullies in the mountains.” Forest Reserve 43,276, Parish Turon, County of Roxburgh (District Forester A. R. Samuels).
Northern Locality.—“* Stringybark, has a rough bark on the barrel, with smooth limbs.” On the Tomalla Tablelands, Hunter River Watershed (H. L. White, of Belltrees).
APPINITIES:
1. With E. regnans F.v.M.
This is the species to which it is closest allied, and I will contrast both species under the headings of Bark and Fruits, the most obvious characters. (I may remark that there are some differences in the seedlings, but this is not the proper place to go into particulars. )
Bark (E. regnans).—The following detailed description is from the pen of Mr. Harry Hopkins, and will appeal to everyone who has travelled amongst the Big Trees of Victoria.
The amount of variation in the bark, so far as I know it in Gippsland, is very slight. The butts of large (and medium-sized) trees are usually clothed with a moderately thick coat of persistent old bark, not at all * stringy,” but more like the base of large Peppermints (radiata), or even White Gums (viminalis), quickly tapering into a moderately rough softish bark, like that on the upper bole of most Peppermint trees, which again taper (or “ fine ”) off into a quite smooth bark at a few feet to, say, 8 or 12 feet from the ground. Above that the bark is quite smooth, whitish or tinted with green, and the old bark peels off in very long narrow ribbons, which often hang loosely on the tree, fast at the upper end, sometimes at both ends, and make a considerable noise in windy weather flapping against the tree trunks until they become further loosened and blow off. Asa rule, the tree trunks above the first 5 to 10 feet are remarkably clean. The trees, where well grown, have, as a rule, small or scanty tops or heads, and there is very little loose ribbony bark hanging from the branches. In the Warragul district, where, on the lands cleared of the original forests, there are a good many young trees of HL. reynans, growing by the roadsides or in, waste places, the tree develops quite differently. It usually branches at a low height from the ground, say, generally 10 to 20 feet, with, proportionately, fairly large branches, and a rough scaly or flaky bark persists on the bole and to the basal parts of the large branches, and the upper part is less “clean” ; a good deal of the smaller “ribbons” of old bark clings to the branches, or is caught in the forks of the branches, and the tree often resembles a somewhat ragged specimen of HL. viminalis much more than it does the noble reqnans, as seen in the primeval forest. So much do the local conditions and environment alter the appearance and character of a tree.
In answer to a specific question as to any exceptional amount and character of rough bark in E. reqnans, I received the following reply :—‘ I do not know of anything that could be called Stringybark regnans or anything resembling a Stringybark form in E. reqnons.
B
4
Bark (E. fastigata)—In defining the type it was stated to be to all intents and purposes a Stringybark. The tops of the trunks, and also, as a rule, the branches, are smooth.
Fruits (E. regnans).—Pear-shaped, truncaté, valves not exsert. The fruit has a somewhat broad reddish disc, resembling that of EL. hemastoma. Sometimes the disc is oblique, and when the fruit is not contracted at the orifice, it bears a striking resemblance to HL. obliqua, but it is smaller.
Fruits (BE. fastigata)—Pear-shaped. domed, valves sometimes much exsert. The rather prominent domed dise with the exsert valves appears to be a fairly constant character of the species. It appears to be the only character which can be safely used to separate it from FH. regnans on herbarium specimens. But see the remarks at p- , under “ Illustrations.” The domed character of the fruit is constant in
cultivated specimens.
E. regnans is by far the commoner species in Victoria, and FL. fastigata in New South Wales. The latter species also occurs in north-eastern Victoria, and I strongly suspect that HZ. regnans will be found in the extreme south of New South Wales, e¢.g., in the Delegate district. I have some specimens attributed to this species, but they are not satisfactory.
2. With E. obliqua L’Herit.
The two species closely resemble each other in their fibrous barks, and they often occur in similar localities. In FZ. fastigata the branches are smooth, and in E. obliqua the reverse is the case. Mr. Hopkins, speaking of north-eastern Victoria, says that the timber of F. fastigata resembles that of the mountain or highland variety of Messmate (1. obliqua) (this has already been stated in describing the type), but is more free from gum-veins, and that it is a very useful timber for all builders’ works. E. obliqua is figured at Plate 6, Part II, and in the coarseness of the juvenile foliage and in its leaf-obliquity generally, and in its fruits, it can be readily seen that the two species are very different.
3. With E. vitrea R. T. Baker.
E. fastigata is a Stringybark, while Z. vitrea has the thinner Peppermint class of bark. As regards botanical details, Plates 33 and 34 may be compared, thus it is closely allied to #. vitrea in the buds, fruits and venation. Of the fruits of B. vitrea, some show a rather well-marked disc, but they are flat-topped as a rule with enclosed valves, not domed with exsert vaives as in LE. fastigata. The leaves of FE. vitrea are thicker, and on the whole narrower, and the venation more longitudinal than those of
E. fastigata.
DES CRA Ean
CCCLIIT. EF. xanthonema TVurezaninow.
In Bull. Moscow, xx, Part I, 163 (1847).
FoLLowINe is the original description :—
Eucalyptus xanthonema ramis teretibus a basi ad inflorescentiam nudis; foliis super flores sitis alternis anguste lineari-lanceolatis, utrinque acuminatis, viridibus, pellucido-punctatis, subfalcatis ; umbellis axillaribus 5 floris in paniculam contractum collectis; pedunculis erectis (demum forte deflexis) compressis, petiolo pedicellisque multo longioribus; pedicellis cupulam turbinatum aequantibus; operculo (immaturo) conico cupulam subaequante. Filamentis rufo aurantiacis insigne; habitus singularis. Nova Hollandia. Drum. Coll. N. 67.
A translation of the above will be found at Part XXXIV, p. 97, of the present: work. It will be observed that the type is No. 67 of Drummond’s third collection. The type is figured at Part XXXIV, Plate 140, fig. 8, and at figs 9a and 9b, Drummond's 5th Collection, No. 187 is also figured, the two numbers forming the co-types of FH. redunca Schauer var. anqustijolia Benth. As 1 am satisfied that it does not belong to E. redunca. the original name of 2. xanthonema should be restored. When the amplest material is collected. the position can be reconsidered. If it be not a distinct species. we cannot say to what species it belongs. My present suggestion will best secure the interests of science.
SYNONYM.
£. redunea Schauer, var. angustifolia Benth. (in part).
“ Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. H. xvanthonema Turez. in Bull. Mose. 1847. 1. 163; W. Australia, Drummond 3rd Coll. n. 67, 5th Coll. n. 187 (Drummond’s No. 187 had better be kept separate for the present); S. side of Stirling Ranges and eastward to Phillips Ranges, Maxwell.” B.FI. ili, 253. It has been already figured, as stated. In the absence of complete material, I provisionally label Drummond’s No. 187 E. zanthonema afi.
Rea NIG.
It is confined to Western Australia so far as we know at present. No. 67 was collected with James Drummond’s 3rd Collection, which was made in a somewhat indefinite part of the south of the then colony. I have not seen Maxwell’s specimens. which Bentham quotes under his FL. redunca var. angustifolia. See Part XXXIV, p. 97.
Ae NTT TES:
1. With F. spathulata Hook.
This has been already seen by Bentham (B. Fl. iii, 253; quoted in the present work, Part XXXIV, p. 98), but it has not the spathulate leaves of that species.
2. With EB. redunca Schauer.
We have already seen that Bentham looks upon this as a narrow-leaved form of FH. redunca, and simply says “ Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate.’”” We have not good fruiting specimens of £. xanthonema, but the obvious differences from EF. redunca are the thicker, paler, more falcate lanceolate leaves of the latter.
In Part XXXIV, p. 97, while pointing out that H. redunca var. angustifolia is not an entirely satisfactory variety, I quote some specimens from Cunderdin and near Knutsford which should be further investigated, with complete material. They are figured at Plate 140, figs. 6a, 6b, and may be referable to #. redwnca, but it is not probable that they belong to EH. wanthonema.
DESCRIP TON:
CCCLIV. EF. Sehlechteri Niels.
In “ Beitrage zur Flora von Papuasien vil,” 423, (1922).
I HAVE not seen a specimen of the plant, nor a figure of it. Following is the original description :—
Arbor mediocris. Rami juniores (sicci) atropurpurei quadranguli. Foliorum petiolus brevis, lamina subcoriacea, supra lucida, late elliptica vel-ovato-elliptica, apice obtusa vel brevissime acuminata, nervi laterales primarii circ. 6 a costa abeuntes (sicci) subtus prominuli. Panicula pyramidalis, gracilis floribus parvis. Pedicelli2-8 mm. longi. Receptaculum subhemisphaericum, operculum hemisphaericum, illi subaequale, vix vel brevissime apiculatum haud rostratum. Stamina omnia fertilia in alabastro inflexa. antherae minutae. Ovarium 3. loculare. Fructus parvi, valvis protrusis.
A tree only about 10 m. high (according to Schlechter). Petiole 5-8 mm. long, blade 9-10 cm. long, 6-7-5 em. in width. Panicle 15-18 cm. long, and just about as broad at the base. Flower peduncle 2-3 mm. long, receptacle 2 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad. Stamens (dried) about 4mm. long. Fruit, including the operculum, about 5 mm. long and just as broad.
RANGE.
Confined to Papua, so far as we know at present. North Hastern Papua (New Guinea); at Waria, near Jaduna, 50 m. above sea-level (Schlechter, n. 17398—fruiting 3rd March, 1908 !); Forests of the mountains near Jaduna, about 200 m. above sea-level (Schlechter, n. 19242—flowering 15th April, 1909—type of species)
E. Schlechter’ is the first forest Eucalypt which has been shown from the New Guinea mainland. Species previously recognised from there are all elements of the Savanna flora (Diels, 1c.).
PENT TES:
With FE. Naudiniana F.v.M.
The species is allied to £. Naudiniana, but has broader leaves, not so tapering towards the apex, and almost obtuse, as well as distinctly smaller flowers and fruits. Moreover, according to Schlechter, it is not so tall as H. Naudiniana, which very
frequently forms very tall trees (Diels, /.c.).
In the same work Dr. Diels gives a Review of the Papuan species. and this may be a convenient place to give his comparison with the three other species from that
territory.
A. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, sickle-shaped. Inflorescence few flowered on a short peduncle. Flowers with pedicels . . . . .1 EB. papuana.
B. Leaves broad lanceolate to ovate or broad elliptical.
A. Leaf stalk thin, up to 3.cm. long. Inflorescence axillary with a short broad peduncle. Flowers sessile . . . . 2. E. alba. B. Leaf stalk thick, at the most 1 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal, many- flowered panicle. Flowers stalked. i. Leaves gradually tapering towards the apex, acute. Receptacle about 2mm.long . . . . 3. H. Naudiniana. uw. Leaves slightly tapermg towards the apex, obtuse. Receptacle about 1 mm.long . .. . 4. E. Schlechteri.
XY XIX. FE. apieulata Baker and Smith. Syn. &. stricta var. rigida, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxii, 710 (1897), with a fig. (fig. 189, Plate 31). See Part IX, p. 286, and also Synonyms quoted.
RANGE.
Wentworth Falls, N.S.W. (in fruit, Henry Deane, about 1886); Leura (shrub 3-5 feet, December, 1907): Wentworth Falls (Dr. E. C. Chisholm, January and February, 1923). Hitherto the species has only been recorded from a southern locality (Berrima), while Wentworth Falls and Leura are westerly (Blue Mountains). Mittagong (see under Affinities) is at no great distance from Berrima. I expect to see the species from various localities connecting the southern and western records.
AFFINITIES.
1. With E. stricta Sieb.
In “Some Eucalypts about Mittagong ” (Aust. Nat. v, 98, 1923), Mr. D. W. C. Shiress refers to“. . . . a single tree with every appearance of FV. stricta, a Gum with scribbly bark, just before the turn off to Joadja.” Mr. W. F. Blakely has since visited the district, in company with Mr. Shiress, and has brought back additional specimens. He says :—
It is a slender tree 20 to 30 feet high and about 9 inches in diameter at 2 feet from the ground, growing in association with #. radiata and E. maculosa. Viewed from a short distance, it has the general appearance of a young sapling of £. altior, i.e., a smooth powdery white-barked Gum, with the old bark slightly adherent at the base in long broad strips. It has, however, the narrow rigid leaves of H. stricta, and when this character is taken into consideratiou the thought of connecting it with #. altior (other than in the nature of the bark) is dismissed from the mind, and one wonders whether it is, after all, only a white- barked form of £. stricta. This idea is also dispensed with, for not more than 150 yards away, fringing Joadja Creek, £. stricta is seen in profusion, and when a comparison is made, both species of #. stricta and E. apiculata are found to be very dissimilar in habit and bark, and to some extent in the leaves. A branch, 3 inches in diameter, was cut and showed a white timber throughout.
Some of these specimens show the extreme difficulty, and perhaps impossibility, of separating EL. apiculata from EL. stricta, except perhaps as a variety, owing to the slightly greater width of the leaves in the Blue Mountains form. I have already (this - work, Part IX, p. 286) alluded to the difficulty of separating the two species. But the Mittagong specimens indicate that 2. apiculata and LE. stricta may be a small-sized tree and a tall shrub respectively in the same locality. At the same time, eg., Blackheath, I have seen ZL. stricta exceptionally attain the size of a small tree. The broken country in the vicinity of the Berrima Coal Mine (type locality of 2. apiculata) should also be searched for the tree-form of LH. apiculata. for only bushy shiubs have been found there hitherto. The relations of EL. apiculata and E. stricta are not yet settled.
10
XXXII. E. Steberiana '.v.M.
At p. 194, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tas., 1912, Messrs. Baker and Smith attempt to prove that EL. virgata Sieb. is identical with F. Sieberiana F.v.M. At Parts IX and X of the present work, I have very carefully gone into the subject, quoting my authorities. - At p. 307 of Part X (1908) I said :—
In “ Eucalyptographia,” under LZ. Sieberiana ¥.v.M., Mueller gives E. virgata Sieb., as a synonym. It is not proper to state it so. Mueller thought, when describing it, he was suppressing the “‘ misleading ” name virgata for it. The explanation is that #. virgata Sieber, was for many years confused by Bentham. by Mueller, and other botanists with the tree Mueller, in spite of himself, properly separated from virgata under the name Sieberiana. I have explained the situation under Z£. virgata at Part TX, p. 275 of this work, and need not repeat myself here.
I know no true synonyms of EF. Sieberiana F.v.M.
Now Messrs. Baker and Smith, by an argument that is not clear to me, completely reverse my conclusions, returning, as I maintain, to the old confusion I had cleared up. This is part of their argument :—
It seems hardly likely either that Sieber, having himself collected his two species in the field, should have given separate names to one and the same tree, for he was thus able to speak from actual acquaintance with their field characters, an experience that is invaluable as regards a knowledge of the Eucalypts.
In regard to this remark, [ can say that, having examined every one of Sieber’s numbered Kucalypts in the great herbaria of Kurope, he is not always infallible m regard to this difficult genus, and little blame to him, while, as regards the reference to actual acquaintance with their field characters, the present writer speaks with infinitely greater experience that this old worthy could have possibly obtained during his rapid and brief collecting tours in New South Wales in the year 1822.
Messrs. Baker and Smith’s cancelling of H. Sieberiana F.v.M. for the Tasmanian ‘“ Tronbark ” after it has been adopted by Mueller (““ Kucalyptographia ” and “ Second Census ”’), Rodway (“ The Tasmanian Flora ”’) and myself, seems to be one of the most unfortunate confusions of nomenclature they have introduced into their paper. (Maiden in Journ. Roy. Soc., Tas., p. 30, 1914.)
11
XXVIII. E. virgata Sieb.
In Part XXXIX, p. 283, I have given a resumé of the facts concerning the identification of E. wrgata Sieb., which makes the position perfectly clear. We have had specimens of the type of E. Sieberiana, distributed by Mueller himself for very many years, besides which, correspondence with him has made it clear (if any doubt existed, of which I am not aware) as to what he meant. As regards Sieber’s type of E. virgata, specimens have been in existence in herbaria for a century; they consist of leafy twigs bearing buds. It was therefore obvious that it would be only a matter of time when these specimens would be fully interpreted. I have explained my successful labours in the identification of the type, which are available for everyone to check.
In “* Research on the Kucalypts,” Ed. II, p. 310 (1920) Baker and Smith give a figure of two fruits of an imaginary F. virgata, with the localities Springwood, Lawson and Mount Victoria, all in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales; also Tasmania, in which the species does not occur.
\
Then follow the ad captandwm arguments which in critical matters of taxonomy we are not unaccustomed to get from Mr. Baker’s pen. At p. 310 he says:—* Our (Mr. Smith’s and his own, but Mr. Smith is a chemist) action in regard to this species will no doubt be thought to be arbitrary, but we, on our part think that Oldfield, Woolls, Mueller and others, when dealing with type herbarium specimens, were in error in supposing that Sieber’s specimens and specific name belonged to the “* Mountain Ash” (E. Sieberiana). Sieber must have collected from a “ Mallee’ when he bestowed the name F#. virgata on his species.’ And so on. Mr. Baker has not fully figured E. virgata, and insists on not knowing what that species is. He therefore is incapable of understanding the position of the botanists (three named, “ others ’’ unnamed) he has quoted. I am content to leave it at that.
XLVI. E. acacioides A. Cunn.
Syn. Z. viridis R. 'T. Baker in part.
I have received specimens of the above from the British Museum (through Dr. A. B. Rendle, F.R.S.) “near Peele’s Range, N.5.W. (Oxley’s 1st Exped., 1817), No. 203.” Two of them were inadvertently labelled /. stricta by the British Museum. Peele’s Range is in the neighbourhood of Rankin’s Springs. 50 miles westerly of Wyalong, and was first named by Oxley (p. 45). The “ Kuryalean” brush, near the Range, was named at p. 50. “Mr. Cunningham went up Peele’s Range in search of plants and found a few new ones” (p. 66). Peele’s Range is different from Peel’s Range, Liverpool Plains.
Allan Cunningham (Barron Field’s Geog. Mem., p. 350) named one of his Blue Mountain plants 2. microphylla, and he cannot be held responsible for the act of someone who subsequently mislabelled it #. acacioides in the Hookerian herbarium in the year 1835. His EF. acacioides was subsequently named FE. viridis by Mr. Baker. I have already pointed out that that gentleman first amply described the plant as 2. viridis, but I have no power to suppress 1. acacvoides.
13
LVI. E. Naudiniana F.v.M.
The following notes by Dr. L. Diels are taken from “ Beitrage zur Flora von i,” 422, 1922. edited by Dr. C. Lauterbach, and somewhat supplement those in Part XII, p. 79, of the present work.
EB. Naudiniana F.v.M., in Australasian Journ. of Pharmacy, July, 1886; in Botan. Centralblatt, xxviii, 1886, 179. Rechinger in Karsten V. Schenck “ Vegetations- bilder,” vi. Reihe, Taf. 11, 1908; in “ Streif zurge in Deutsch New Guinea,” (p. 423), Taf. i (1908): in Denschr. Math. Naturu. Kl. Akad. Wien. Ixxxix, 143 (1913).
Ie NG:
Philippines. Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain: Spacious Bay, J. Turner, following F. v. Mueller. (Type of the species.) Baining Mountains, Matava, twig of a young tree, as well as a flowering branch of an old one, January, 1894 (Anonymous in Herb. Berol !); the same locality (Rechinger, n. 5347); Gazelle Peninsula (sent by Schmiele to F. yv. Mueller, in Herb. Berol!). Without more definite locality (Parkinson !). New Ireland: Namatanai, on the Ouna, a tree 70 m. high in damp forests. Native name “ Kumurere”’ (Peekel, n. 708—with young buds and young fruits. on the 19th November, 1910). This reference confirms the record of the Rev. G. Brown mentioned by F. v. Mueller as the first record of a EKucalypt for the Papuan country. He had noticed Eucalypts on his missionary travels in New Ireland. The young leaves (from a tree from Baining Peninsula about 1-3 years old) are somewhat narrower and thinner than those of the old tree, besides being all opposite, (Dr. L. Diels, /.c.)
14
LIX, E. Caleyi Maiden. See Part XII, p. 95.
Synonyms.
1. E leueoxylon ¥.v.M. var. pallens Benth. (B.Fl. ii, 210), through Mueller’s confusion of his 2. leucoxylon with EF. siderorylon A. Cunn. This is explained in Part XII, pp. 84, 88, 91, 96.
2. The above is quoted without reservation as H. siderorylon A. Cunn., var. pallens Benth., by Baker and Smith in ‘“‘ Research on the Eucalypts,’” Ed. I, p. 161, but Bentham never said so, so far as I am aware, and therefore the correct citation involving F. sideroxylon should be F. sideroxylon var. pallens Baker and Smith.
3. E. eerulea Baker and Smith. “Stunted Ironbark,’ Murrumbo, N.S.W., December, 1893 (R. T. Baker), at p. 271 “‘ Research on the Eucalypts,”’ 2nd Ed.
Some statements with the object of proving that £. cw@rulea is not EH. Caley: will be found at pp. 271 and 272, op. cit., but I have for many years endeavoured to find a difference and have failed. These authors, it seems to me, make insufficient allowance for variation from type through changed environment in the case of #. Caleyi. I have had careful drawings made of the type of 2. cwrulea, but as I have been unable to show any essential difference between them and those of #. Caleyi in Plate 56, I could find no justification in publishing them. Some day oils of 2. Caleyi from different sources will be obtained, and they will be compared with various oils from reputed FH. c@rulea.
RANGE.
See Part XII, p. 95. “ Stunted Ironbark,’ Murrumbo, Rylstone (R. T. Baker, December, 1893), is at p. 96 quoted by me, and this is the plant which forms the type of E. cerulea. It extends from the Upper Hunter, N.S.W., to southern Queensland ; the range in the latter State requires further investigation.
15
Following are additional localities for 2. Caley: :—
New South Wales.—Baerami, 14 miles west of Denman (R. H. Cambage, No. 2670); height 60-80 feet, diameter at 4 feet from the ground 2-4 feet. Sometimes stunted in growth, short bole. Used for fencing, building and fuel. Attunga State Forest, County Inglis, mountain slopes on the western side of the New England Range, altitude above sea-level 1,200-2,500 feet. (Assistant Forester T. W. Taylor); Bundarra (Assistant Forester A. Julius); Round-leaved Ironbark, a large tree with straight barrel; girth 10 feet. Bark dull grey, not deeply furrowed. Forest Reserve 35664, Parish Ironbark, County Darling, Barraba district. (Forest Assessor W. A. W. de Beuzeville); Parish of Dungowan, County Parry (District Forester Gordon Burrow) ; New England Ironbark. Trees of stunted growth, 20-30 feet high being a maximum growth, generally below 20 feet, with a girth of 2-4 feet, growing under similar conditions as £. siderorylon, but inferior in quality, makes excellent fuel, Tent Hill, Emmaville district (J. L. Boorman); Westphalen’s Lease, Parish of Elsmore, Inverell district (Forest Guard L. B. Peacocke); Road to Wallangarra-Ashtord, 7 miles from the latter (Assistant Forester T. W. Taylor); Fraser’s Creek, Ashford (J. L. Boorman).
Queensland.— Blackdown (R. N. Jolly); Brush Creek, Inglewood (J. L. Boorman).
16
LXIV. EF. Baueriana Schauer. Syn. H. Fletcheri R. T. Baker.
See Part XLII, p. 62, of the present work, also my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” Part LVII, p. 149, Plate 215. Also my paper in Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xxxiv, p. 73 (1922), as to Victorian specimens. In “ Research on the Eucalypts,” Baker and Smith (2nd Edn.), p. 225, under F#. Fletcheri the authors say— |
“Maiden places this species under £. Baueriana, which was founded on an imperfect description and specimen ‘in plump bud and an expanded flower’ [Mr. Baker omits that the type specimens are branchlets 9 inches long—J.H.M.], surely worthless data on which to perpetuate a systematic name. FE. Baueriana is a tropical species.”
It is not tropical, although Bentham (B.Fl. i, 214) says so in the following passage, and Baker and Smith follow his error. Under EF. polyanthemos Schauer he says—‘* The tropical specimens to which, from the character given, belong to HB. Baueriana Schauer, in Walp. Rep. ii, 924, have generally smaller flowers and fruits than the southern ones, but do not otherwise differ.” (B.FI. iii, 214, 1866.)
Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia ” under H. polyanthemos, 1879-84). as quoted by me in the present work, Part XIII, p. 120 (1911) says—‘“ Bauer most probably obtained his specimens from the vicinity of Sydney, and not from the tropical regions of Australia.”
Nor did Schauer, the author of the species, 1843, say that /. Baueriana is tropical. He simply says “ In Nova Hollandia legit F. Bauer ” (see my quotation of the original description in this work, Part XIII, p. 120). [If Mr. Baker has got evidence to modify or contradict Schauer, Mueller and myself, he should produce it.
I have seen the type, and it is imperfect to the extent that it only consists of mature leaves, plump buds and flowers. I only wish that all herbarium specimens of Eucalyptus were equally well furnished.
Mr. Baker repeats his depreciatory remarks as to the type specimens, and his observation as to “ tropical origin” of #. Baueriana under E. conica, p. 95 (“ Research, &c.”). Besides Part XIII, p. 120, of the present work, see Part XLII, pp. 62 and 64.
Ettingshausen (“ Die Blatt-Skelete der Dikotyledonen,” p. 204, 1861) figures a leaf of H. Baueriana.
17
EXKV.E. faleava Duct.
(Syn. E. Dorrienii Domin in Fedde’s “ Repertorium specierum nov. reg. veget.,”” xi, 388, 1913.)
The author says that in his opinion it is nearest to £. decurva F.v.M., and also compares it with Z. oleosa F.v.M., and EF. falcata Turez. In comparing it with the last species, he says “ F. falcata reminds us of it in the ribbed calyx-tube. but differs from it greatly in the operculum.”
I am im possession of a quarto drawing of the type in the Kew Herbarium done by Miss M. Smith, and also of a fragment of the type. I fail to see in what way E. Dorrienii differs from £. falcata. The opercula of the two species are similar. See Plate 68, Part XV of the present work. The suggestion of the affinity of H. Dorrieni ( faleata) with E. decurva is doubtless founded on the same error that I have pointed out in the present work, Part XVI, p. 193. The above note is taken from a paper by myself in Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xliv, 328, 1915.
Mr. C. A. Gardner says this species is known as “ White Mallet.” It is a tree of 20-30 feet, with erect, or scarcely spreading branches; trunk to 12 feet high, and 12 inches in diameter; bark about } inch thick, of a yellowish silver-grey colour in the summer when the outer layers have recently decorticated, almost pure white in the winter and blotched with large or smaller grey patches. Bark pink in fracture, the deepest colour near the external lavers, the innermost almost white; timber light yellowish-brown, dense and very hard. Leaves thick, drooping, dull green, but shining. On laterite hills, 10 miles north-east of Wagin, in gravelly soil (shallow), forming open forests with FE. redinca var. elata, and with a dense thicket-like undergrowth of Dryandra.
18
CXCIV. E. Spenceriana Maiden.
Height 20 to 35 feet, but occasionally attaining a height of 50 feet. Trunk to 20 feet and 18 inches diameter. Branches spreading or erect, few, and sparsely foliaged. Bark light grey, persistent and flaky, rugged or almost smooth, and very similar in texture to that of the Tuart (£2. gomphocephala). Timber dark reddish-brown, dense with an interlocked grain. Sapwood thin, light yellow. The timber is termite- resisting. Leaves alternate, narrow lanceolate, drooping vertically, of a glaucous green, flat, the midrib prominent, but the veins inconspicuous, the intramarginal close to the edge. Veins at an angle of about 45 degrees to the midrib. Flowers not seen, but small and apparently white, in loose slender panicles, terminal or inserted just above the axils, not exceeding the leaves in length. Pedicels slender, slightly flattened. Calyx-tube turbinate, slightly compressed, tapering into the slender pedicel. Operculum depressed-conical, the line of separation fairly distinct. Stamens inflected in the bud. Style short, straight and thick. Fruits thin, ovoid, 3- or 4-valved, the rim thin and truncate, the obtuse points of the valves sunk.
(The above notes are by C. A. Gardner, and refer to Kimberley trees.)
RANGE.
Western Australia—The common Grey Box of the basaltic areas of the Kimberleys, and the commonest Eucalypt of the district, and known as “ Box” or *Qoolabah.”’ (I have seen a specimen from Walcott Inlet, Calder River, C. A. Gardner. No. 1589). The following are Mr. Gardner’s notes :
Extending from the Lennard River in the south to Napier, Broome Bay, in the north, west to Camden Sound and Walcott Inlet, and indefinitely.eastwards. The species covers the granite and basaltic areas of Kimberley, being restricted to this formation. It often forms pure savannah forests, but its most frequent associate is 2. clavigera, a tree common to both igneous and sedimentary rocks. The foliage is never a bright green, and from a distance the trees indicate the best pasture land, their undergrowth being almost entirely Graminex, with larger shrubs. J have not seen a tree otherwise than on basaltic or granite country. It was undoubtedly the tree mentioned in Fitzgerald’s Kimberley Report (1907) under the name of E. microtheca, when he stated “ On the plains and frequently sparsely covering the basaltic hills, Coolibah or Box (E. microtheca) and Bloodwoods (E. terminalis and #. pyrophora) prevail, often forming open forests of fair extent, the species ultimately extending to the coast. (I have not seen either FE. terminalis or E. pyrophora on. the basaltic country).”
Northern Territory.—l provisionally refer the followmg specimens, received
from the Melbourne Herbarium before 1900, to this little-known species. They are quite small, and in mature leaf and flower bud.
1. “North Coast and Bay 3” [Northern Territory —J.H.M.], Robert Brown, 1802-5. Sent from the British Museum by direction of J. J. Bennett in 1876 as E. polyanthemos Schauer, and labelled by Mueller £. drepanophylla (7).
2. “Cape River’? (Northern Queensland) “ #. polyanthemos, petioles short.” This is a modern specimen (? Stephen Johnson, Mueller’s collector), and is in flower as well as bud.
19
CCl. EF. radiata Si.eb
See Part XXXVIII, p. 229, where its description, synonymy and range are set out.
SYNONYMS.
1. E. phellandra Baker and Smith, ” Research on the Eucalypts,” 2nd Edn., p. 280, as follows. with a figure of an umbel of fruits.
Narrow-leaf Peppermint. A medium-sized tree, with a typical “ Peppermint” bark. Abnormal leaves lanceolate, cordate, sessile, usually under 5 inches long and } inch broad, upper surface darker in colour, branchlets scabrous, particularly so when young. Normal leaves thin, lanceolate or narrow lanceo- late, sometimes falcate, up to 7 inches in length and 1 inch broad, on slender pedicels; venation distinct, intramarginal vein looped and well removed from the edge; a secondary less prominent vein often occurring nearer the margin, lateral veins very oblique, occasionally almost parallel to the midrib, distant and spreading. Peduncles usually axillary, 2 to 3 lines long, bearing umbels of ten or more flowers. Buds clavate; calyx-tube tapering into a slender pedicel; operculum hemispherical, umbonate. Fruit pyriform, sometimes hemispherical, more or less: shining, on a pedicel | line in length; rim reddish, truncate, somewhat countersunk or even slightly convex; valves not or only slightly exserted; 3 lines long and under 3 lines in diameter.
Mr. Baker's figure is of seven fruits (with scars of a few more) in the umbel. They are not pyriform, but hemispherical; their comparative fewness and shape indicate EF. radiata. It is quite evident that Mr. Baker has confused ZL. radiata, redescribing it under the name of FH. phellandra.
2. E. amygdalina Labill., var. nitida Baker and Smith, but not of Benth.
Under this name Messrs. Baker and Smith, “ Research on the Kucalypts,”” 2nd Edn., p. 278, have included two species. Specimens from Blackheath, N.S.W., September, 1919 (C. F. Laseron), furnished by the present Curator of the Technological Museum (Mr. George Hooper) are the common #. radiata of the Blue Mountains. No wonder the authors write, a little higher up the page, “The data given under £. phellandra applies (sic) in almost every particular to this species, so that no systematic description is required’!!! Material was distilled from Blackheath. In “ Research on the Eucalypts,” 2nd Edn., Messrs. Baker and Smith say “ As illustrating the comparative constancy in results with the products of individual species, it may be mentioned that the above localities are over 600 miles apart.’’ The two trees so many miles apart, with the same oils, are, however, not the same species, but two, viz., E. radiata and EF. nitida, and this is not the only case of two different species yielding similar oils.
20
CCIT. EF. numerosa Maiden.
See Part XXXVIII, p. 233, where the synonomy is set out.
The plant noted as /. radiata Sieb., by Messrs. Baker and Smith (“ Research,” 2nd Edn., p. 306), with a figure of an umbel of pyriform fruits and called ““ White Top Peppermint or River White Gum” is E. nwmerosa, a very characteristic graceful tree, with ribbony bark used as tying material by the blacks. It is found on river banks and hill-sides. It has fruits more numerous and more pyriform than 2. radiata. I have sufficiently characterised #. numerosa, where quoted above, and well know my own species both in the bush and in the herbarium. It is quite obvious that Mr. Baker has confused my L. numerosa with the older EL. radiata.
CCI. E. nitida Hook. f.
Syn. F. amygdalina Labill., var. nitida Benth. See Part XXXVIII, p. 235, of the present work. See also Part XX XIX, p. 302, for a note, and at fig. 1, Plate 160, the broad juvenile foliage of this species (reproduced from the figure accompanying my paper in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1918) will be found.
The specimens labelled £. amygdalina var. nitida, Guildford Junction, Tasmania (L. G. Irby, September, 1918—specimens received from Mr. George Hooper, the present Curator), referred to by Messrs. Baker and Smith in “ Research on the Eucalypts,”’ 2nd Edn., p. 279, are H. nitida. Messrs. Baker and Smith include E. radiata and E. nitida under the one name of LE. amygdalina var. nitida, and I have drawn attention to the matter under /. radiata at p. 19.
In the absence of complete material, the Mount Victoria specimens (Maiden and Cambage, Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xlvii, 415 (1914, Kydra Trig. Station, 7b. 416), and certain anomalous specimens from Blackheath (Maiden, Paper and Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., p. 84, 1918) should be eliminated from F. nitida. E. nitida has only been proved to occur in Tasmania up to the present time.
no i)
COTE. eremophila Maiden, var. grandiflora n. var.
Synonym.
E. occidentalis var. grandiflora Maiden, Part XXXVI, p. 149. and figs. 1-2. Plate 150.
The Kurrawang specimen (J. B. Cleland) there quoted is the type, and I look upon the Elder Exploring Expedition specimen, Camp 63 (R. Helms). as also belonging to this variety. The variety grandiflora differs from normal FE. eremophila in the longer calyx and in the larger fruits. The calyx is remarkably long and cylindrical, being nearly twice as long as that of the normal form. It also appears to be much thinner in texture, the normal form being more cupular and thicker.
Concerning this little known species. Mr. James Richardson of Parker’s Road, KB. Goldfields Railway (through Mr. E. Le Souef), writes :—
“Yellow flowering Mallee. The flowers sent (3.11.21) were the top of Mallee shoots 7 feet in height, and had previously bloomed. The butt of the suckers was no larger than a walking stick. These are the first to bloom, others will be in during the next two weeks. I have found about fifty clumps of it, and it certainly deserves a piace in every public garden.”
A week later {letter of 10.11.21; he sends more, under the name of “ A large flowered Mallee, colour canary-yellow. [t grows about 7 miles west of Parker’s Road on the old Merredin to Southern Cross Road near iron telegraph pole No. 2804, and near the railway at 2174 miles, near telephone pole No. 4322. It is quite distinct from the red-flowering Mallee, and not a colour sport. The late Mr. E. Simpson, manager of Jones’ Station, 30 miles north of Nungarin, reported to me over twelve months ago that he discovered a yellow Mallee on Jones’ Stacion; it is probably the same.”
23
ENEMIES OF EUCALYPTS.
Tuts subject is dealt with, as regards trees in general, at Part LVIII, p. 209, of my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales.” The Synopsis is as follows, and as the details there given refer to Eucalypts, amongst others, I refer my readers to the paper, and will content myself with some supplementary notes.
Ile Meteorological. (a) Frost. (6) Snow. (c) Wind. Twist in Timber. (d) Lightning. (e) Drought. (f) Rain. II. Fires. III. Soil. (a) Unsuitable soil. Alkali. (6) Sand encroachment. IV. Parasites (a) True Parasites. (Mistletoe, &c.). (6) Hemi-epiphytes. (Strangling Figs). (c) Fungi. (d) Weeds. VY. Animals. (a) Grazing. (b) Native animals. (c) Birds. (d) Insects. VI. Miscellaneous. (a) Fumes from furnaces, &e. (b) Artificial lighting. (c) Destruction by aborigines.
I. Meteorological. (a) Frost. 1. Graham Officer (Proc. Roy. Soc., Tas., 1892, p. 155) referring to the Nive Plains near Lake St. Clair, speaks of them being “ covered with dead and fallen trees, the result of a severe frost 50 or 60 years ago.”
24,
2. “ Relative Frost Resistance of Kucalyptus in Southern California,’ by E. N. Munns, Journ. of Forestry, XVI, 412 (April, 1918). In this paper twenty-six species are dealt with. A few of the vernaculars are open to possible correction, e.g., E. polyanthema, which is called ‘ Australian Beech,” perhaps a misplaced label, for such a name is quite unknown in Australia. £. amygdalina is called “ Giant Kucalypt.”’ Perhaps FH. amygdalina var. regnans—E. reqnans—is meant. FH. leucoxylon, “ White Wood.” This is a mistake, although it is sometimes called ““ White Ironbark.” The author of the specific name regnans (p. 422) is Mueller. H. goniocalyx, “ Box-wood.” Box-wood is not an Australian wood, though “ Box” is. H. calophylla, “ Feather- veined Gum.”’ This is evidently a Californian name for the “ W.A. Red Gum,” but it
is descriptive of all the Corymbosee.
One of the conclusions in a useful paper is that #. viminalis is the most frost- hardy species of the genus that has so far been planted in Southern California, followed by EF. polyanthemos, BE. Gunnii, E. bicolor, and E. reqgnans. It is quite evident, however, that the original seeds were not obtained from the most frost-resistant localities im’ all cases
(6) Snow.
See Dudley Le Souef, “ Effect of Snow on Eucalyptus trees,” (Vict. Nat., 18, 108-110, 1901).
(c) Wind. Effect of wind. See Fissility (timbers), Part LIV, p. 208. See my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,” Part LX, tor two remarkable photographs showing :— (a) “ Wind-blown trees, Stanley, North-west Coast, Tasmania. (These illustrate the dwarfing or nanism caused by strong sea-breezes in exposed situations.)
(b) “ A Cypress Pine (Callitris robusta. R.Br.) after a Cyclone, Cambo Cambo Station, Collarenebri district, N.S.W.’ This shows the devastation in a forest, including the cyclonic or twisting force, and the disintegration of the timber into long splintery masses.
IV. Parasites. (a) True Parasites (Mistletoes).
I am indebted to Mr. W. F. Blakely, my Botanical Assistant, for the following lists, and hope the publication of them will lead to much fuller interest bemg taken in the subject. (Suggestions as to dealing with Australian Mistletoes have been scanty. ) See the non-Australian reference, ‘‘Some Suggestions on the Control of Mistletoe in the National forests of the North West” (U.S.A.). (Forestry Quarterly, XIV., 567 December, 1916.) [See also Schlich’s “* Manual of Forestry,” IV, 366. ]
25
Phrygilanthus eucalyptifolius (Sieber) Engler, has been found on ‘the following
species :—
. acmeniordes. . amplifolra.
. Baeuerleni.
. Bancroft.
. capitellata.
. cmered.
. corymbosa.
. crebra.
. eugeniordes. . Exim.
. ficifolia.
. haemastoma. . hemiphloia.
. longifolia.
bebe eee eeeeeees
. melanophlora.
&
. macrantha. . notabilis. . ochrophlova.
S &
P. celastroides (Sieb.) Hichl., on EL. tereticorms.
Loranthus sangumeus F.v.M. on
BE. grandifolia.
L. bifurcatus Benth. on E. clavigera. E.. dichromophloia.
L. Miquelii Lehm. on
E. acmeniordes. . albens.
. Baileyana.
. Bancroftt.
. Baueriana.
. bicolor.
. Blakelys.
. Caleyt.
. calophylla.
Seeeesee &
E.
See eb eee ee ee eae
vy)
E
ovata.
. paniculata.
. Parramattensis. . pilularis.
. prperita.
. punctata,
. radiata.
. resimifera.
. saligna.
. Shoressiv.
. siderophlora. . sideroxylon. _ Sieberiana.
. squamosa.
. tereticornis. . umbra.
. vuminalas.
. Watsoniana.
. macrotheca.
. terminalis.
E. transcontinentalis.
E
. corymbosa. (Common host, Northern Rivers of N.8.W.)
E. dealbata. FE. dumosa.
E. elaeophora.
E. eugenvordes. E. fasciculosa. E.. gomphocephala. E. hemiphlov.
26
L. Miquelli—continued.
EL. leucoxylon. E.. punctata.
E. macrorrhyncha. E. redunca.
E. maculata. (Common host, E. resinifera. Northern Rivers of N.S.W.) Ei. rostrata.
E. melliodora. Li. saligna.
LE. microcarpa. Ei. Seeana.
E. odorata. E. Shiressu.
EB. Oldfieldi. 7. siderophlova.
E. paniculata. LE. sideroxylon.
E. Pilligaensis. BE. pilularis.
. tereticornis.
(Common host,
Northern Rivers of N.S.W.)
E. piperita. EL. umbra. E. propinqua. E. viminalis. L. pendulus Sieber on E. acaciaeformis. E. maculosa. E. albens. E. micrantha. E. Bancrofti. FE. Moorei. EH. Bauervana. E. Muelleriana. E. Blaxlands. E. pilularis. E. conica. LE. piperita. E. crebra, (On trunk.) LE. polyanthemos. E. dealbata. E. radiata. E. dives. E. rostrata. E. elaeophora. E. rubida. E. eugenioides. E. Svebervana. E. haemastoma. EL. stricta. E. hemiphlova. E. Stuartiana. E. ligustrina. EB. viminalis. E. macrorrhyncha. L. ferruginiflorus W. V. Fitzgerald on-— E. acmenvoides. E. microcorys. EB. Baileyana. E. pilularis. E. Bancroftz. E. propinqua. E. clavigera. E. Seeana. E. corymbosa. (Common host.) E. tereticornis. LE. eugeniordes. E. tessellaris. E. hemiphloia. E. trachyphlova. E. maculata. (Common host.)
27
L. Quandang Lindl. on E. bicolor. E. melanophloia. E. crebra.
L. grandibracteus F.v.M. on E. bicolor. E. Normantonensis. E. microtheca. E. populifolia.
L. congener Sieber on E. obtusiflora.
L. miraculosus Miq. on E. gomphocephala. E. Baueriana. E. coniea.
L. maraculosus Miq. var. Boormani n. var. on E. bicolor.
L. Exocarpi Behr. on E. populifolia. E. rostrata.
L. Exocarpi Behr. var. spathulata Blakely on E. pyrophora var. polycarpa. L. homoplasticus Blakely n. sp. on E. alba. L. odontocalyx F.v.M. on E. sp. Probably one of the Corymbosz.
L. vitellinus F.v.M. on
E.. acmenioides E. micrantha. E. Baileyana. E. notabilis. E. calophylla. E. obtusiflora. E. corymbosa. (The most common F. paniculata. host.) E. puperita.
E. eugeniordes. EE. punctata. E. eximia. (Also a common host.) LH. rubida.
E.. haemastoma. FE. Shiressv. EB. maculata. E. viminalis.
L. vitellinus F.v.M. var. glabrescens n. var. on E. alba. E. microtheca. E. melanophlova. E. terminalis.
28
See Mr. Blakely’s papers on Loranthacee in Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., XLVI. They include a very large number of references to species parasitic on Eucalyptus, together with excellent drawings of the parasites themselves.
Following is a note on a parasite allied to the Sandalwood, which is worth emphasising, as we have notes on so few parasites other than the Mistletoes.
Speaking of EL. calycogona Turez., at Pinnaroo (J. M. Black, Jowrn. Roy. Soc., S.A., XLIII, 39, 1919) In many instances specimens of Fusanus acuminatus (* Native Peach’) were growing—probably parasitically—so close to these trees that the stem ‘of the Fusanus was impressed into that of the Hucalyptus. forming a deep channel along one side.
(b) Hemi-epiphytes (Strangling Figs).
“ Effects of growing cells on Environment,” and “ Disruptive Force of Fungi, Roots, &c.”’ (Kerner and Oliver, I, 513) may be referred to. Fig. 130 shows elevation of a block of stone in consequence of the growth in thickness of a Larch root. Its weight is estimated at 1,400 kg., and the root concerned is only 30 cm. in thickest diameter. “* An instance is also known in which a stone of 160 kg. (352 lb.) was raised and shifted by the growing fructification of a fungus of the mushroom tribe ” (p. 514).
Other trees are quoted, but they all dwarf into insignificance in their effects as compared with the devastation caused by tropical Figs (Ficus). I have no illustrations of Eucalypts, but observers have often noticed what great disruptive force they are capable of exercising.
Epiphytes.
One of the most charming sights I have ever seen was that of huge masses of
Dendrobium aemulum R.Br., flowering on the trunks of £. paniculata at Wyong, N.S.W.
Cymbidium canaliculatum R.Br., is epiphytal on spp. of Kucalyptus in New South Wales, but especially on HZ. clavigera A. Cunn. in N. W. Australia (W. V. Fitzgerald). It is common on Box trees, resting in the forks. These epiphytes do not injure the trees, so far as I know. The subject of epiphytes on our Eucalypts may well be taken up by an observer.
(c) Fungi.
Tam much indebted to Mr. Edwin Cheel, my chief Botanical Assistant, who has favoured me with the following valuable list and notes of fungi recorded as having been found on various species of Kucalyptus. Unfortunately, the particular Kucalypt is not mentioned in very many cases. It is obvious that there is still a wide field of research indicated by Mr. Cheel.
The list includes 113 species, representing 31 families and 71 genera of fungi, found on 35 species of Hucalyptus. Cooke and Harkness (2) have recorded 42 species,
29
representing 32 genera, found on £2. globulus cultivated in California. Thumen has also recorded a species of Eucalyptus cultivated in Portugal. Six species of those enumerated in Cooke and Harkness (2) have also been definitely recorded as having been found in Australia, and are accordingly included in the list herewith.
It is interesting to note that of the 35 species of Eucalyptus specifically mentioned, 2. globulus is the host of the largest number of species of fungi in Australia, as well as in California, 12 species having been actually recorded on this host. This is owing to the circumstance that this species was for many years the commonest species cultivated abroad. F#. viminalis comes next with 7 species and EF. amygdalina with 4. The various species of Polyporaceze are the most numerous and worst foes of Kucalypts, as they attack the living trees as well as the dead wood. Even fence-rails and building material after it has been dressed is frequently attacked by the Polyporacez, and many thousands of pounds worth of timber are destroyed in the course of a few years by the ravages of this group alone.
Family Pezizacez. Lachnum atro-purpureum Durant on bark (12). (These numbers refer to “ Bib- hography.”’ see p. 33.) Family Heliotiacez. Phialea ceratina Berk. on leaves (Tas.) (7). Dasyscypha eucalypti (Berk.) Sace. on leaves and so on (Tas. and Vict.) (18). Family Stictidacee. Stictis radiata Fr. on bark of FH. globulus (Tas.) (13) and (2). S. emarginata Cke. et Mass. on leaves (Vict.) (13). Family Phacidiacee. Coccomyces delta Kunze on leaves (7) and (13). Family Hysteriacez. Hysterium pulicare Fr. on bark of EL. globulus (2). Lembosa orbicularis Winter on leaves of #. pilularis (13). Aulographum eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on dead leaves (Vict.) (13). Family Patellariacez. Patinella Adamsii Sace. on branches (Vict.) (13). Family Perisporiaceze. Meliola amphitricha Fr. on leaves (Vict. and Qld.) (13). M. densa Cke. on leaves, Herbert River, North Queensland (13). Family Microthyrlacee. Microthyrium amygdalina Cke. et Mass. on leaves of E. amygdalina, S.A. (species not indigenous in §.A.) (13). Micropeltis wpplanatus var. depauperata Sacc. on leaves of EF. tereticornis, Queensland (14) and (13). Asteridium eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on leaves of E. amygdalina (Vict.) (7) (12) (14).
30
Family Dothidiaces. Dothidella inequalis Cke. on dead leaves (Vict.) (13). Phyllachora maculata Cke. on leaves ( Vict.) (13). Bagquisiella rugulosa Cke. on leaves (Vict.) (13).
Family Mycospherellacee. Mycospherella (Spherella) cryptia Cke. on fading leaves (Vict.) (7). Mycospherella (Spherella) nubillosa Cke. on living leaves (Vict.) (7).
Family Pleosporacez. Montaquella rugulosa Cke. on leaves (Vict.) (18). Montaquella eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on dead leaves (Vict.) (18).
Family Massariacez.
Massarinula appendiculata F\. Tass. on E. punctata, N.S.W. (17). Massaria eucalypti Fl. Tass. on EB. Watsoniana F.v.M., Queensland (17).
Family Clypeospheeriacez.
Trabutia eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Tas. and Vict. (13).
Family Obtectacez.
Rhamphora tenella Sacc. on leaves of H. viminalis, Mariatta, S.A. (7) and (13).
Family Thelephoracee. Stereum hirsutum Willd. on EL. tereticornis, Bumbery; EF. Stuartiana, Orange (11) ; E. globulus (18). Stereum fasciatum Frier, on trunks, 8.A., Vict. and Qld. (13). Hymenochate Kalchbrenneri Mass. on trunks, Vict. and Qld. (13).
Family Polyporacee.
Polyporus australiensis Waketf., Nattai River, Colo, N.S.W. (10).
Polyporus eucalyptorum Fr. on trunks of FE. resinifera, E. tereticornis, E. corymbosa, HL. nova-anglica, E. pilularis, E. eugenioides, E. capitellata, HE. Caleyi, E. maculata, E. Sieberiana, and E. sideroxylon (10) and (18).
Xylostroma giganteum Tode. (This is the sterile mycelium in part of Polyporus eucalyptorum, and probably other species of Polyporaceee commonly found in the hollow trunks of Eucalyptus spp. See (10), pp. 505, 506, 510, 511, 514, 515; bI 522) and 523.
Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. (18).
P. Hartmanni Cke. on EF. quadrangulata, Jellore Creek, via Mittagong, N.S.W. (10).
P. pocula (Schw.) Berk. et Cart. on bark (18).
P. ochroleuca Berk., Lilyvale (10).
P. phlebosporus Berk. on trunk of E. hemiphloia, Queensland (13).
P. subradiatus Lloyd (18).
dl
Family Polyporacee—continued. P. spumens Frier., Vict. (13). P. (Lentus) arcularius Batsch. on EB. rostrata, Moree, N.S.W. (10). Polystictus cinnabarinus Jacq., Gympie, Qld. (11).
P. lilacino-gilva var. eucalypti Lloyd. (Trametes eucalypti) (Polystictus eucaly pti Kalchb.) on trunks, 8.A., Vict., Qld. (13) and (10). Fomes robustus Karst. on E. rostrata, Adelaide, E. viminalis, Tasmania, EF. Sp.,
Penshurst, N.S.W. (10). E. botryoides, Sydney, and EF. saligna, Robertson, N.S.W. (11). F. obliquus Cke., S.A., Vict. N.S.W., and Qld. (13). ; F. Robinsonie Murrill on FE. melanophloia. On EH. crebra and EF. sp., Narrabri, N.S.W. (10). R. rimosus Berk. on E. crebra and E. melanophloia, Narrabri, and E. paniculata, Brisbane (10) (18) (11). F. yucatensis Murrill on 2. saligna, Lisarow, N.S.W. (10). F. conchatus Pers. on FE. piperita (10). Trametes Feei Fr. (10). Hexagona bicolor McAlp. on Eucalyptus sp. (referred to Woollsiana) (16). H. Gunnii Berk. on EF. viminalis, Tas. (10). H. Muelleri Berk. (13) and (16). Merulius lachrymans (Dry-rot Fungus).* Poria mollusca Cke. on FE. obliqua, S.A., Vict. (18).
Family Agaricacez. Pleurotus eucalyptorum Fr. on trunks (8) (13). P. afficus Berk. on bark of 2. amygdalina (3) (13). P. applicatus Batsch. on EF. viminalis (7) (13). Crepidallus haustellaris Fr. on trunks of E. viminalis, S.A. (13). Paxillus eucalyptorum Berk. (A). Marasmius putredinus B. and C. (7). M. lygnyodes Berk. on leaves (7). M. meloniformis Berk. on leaves and branches (13). M. eucalypti Berk. on fruits and twigs (1). Naucoria horizontalis on E. piperita (9). Lentinus hepatotrichus Berk. on Stringy-bark Gum tree (EH. ? sp.) (1). Panus lateritius Sacc. on rotten wood (13). Lenzites aspera (K1.) Fr. on L. globulus (18).
Family Lycoperdacez. Xylopodum australe Berk. on trunk of EL. hemiphloia, Vict., N.S.W. (15).
* G. A. Julius (W.A. Timber Tests, 1906, Schedule 5) gives chemical analyses of seven Western Australian timhers, and at p. 22 he has some remarks on the relation between Dry-rot and the decomposition of the sap. See also J. Mann’s ‘‘ Australian Timber; its Strength, Durability, and Identification,” p. 68. Also ** Dry-rot in Timber,” by G: P. Darnell- Smith in Aust. Forestry Journ., October, 1919, p. 314. There are also treatises entirely devoted to the subject of Dry-rot
in Timber.
32
Family Sclerodermatacez. Pisolithus crassipes (Polysaccum crassipes). This species is nearly always found on the soil under FE. spp. in Australia. E.C. (18).
Family Nidulariacez. Cyathus pusio Berk., Qld. (4).
Fungi Inperfectee. Family Spheerioidacee. Macrophoma Molleriana (Thuem.) on leaves of 2. globulus, Vict. (7). Phoma australis Cke. on leaves, Vict. (7). P. viminalis Cke. et Mass. on EF. viminalis, Vict. (7). P. eucalyptidea Thuem. on leaves, Vict. (7). P. purpurea Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Qld. (13). Staganospora orbicularis Cke. on dead leaves, Vict. (13). Dothiorella eucalypti Sacc. on leaves, Vict. (13). Spheropsis phomatoidea Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Vict. (13). S. eucalypti Berk. et Br. in Nat. Herb. Syd. S. stictioides Karle, in Nat. Herb. Sydney. Diplodina Watsoniana FI. Tassi. on E. Watsoniana, Queensland (17). Hendersonia eucalypti Cke. and Hark. on twigs of EZ. globulus, Vict. (2) and (18). H. grandispora McAlp. on leaves, Wangaratta, Vict. (15). Camarosporium eucalypti Wint. on leaves, Vict. (7) (13).
Family Nectroidacez. Martinella eucalypti Cke. on leaves, Vict. (12) (13).
Family Leptostromatacez. Leptothyrium aristatum Cke. on dead leaves, Vict. (7) and (13). L. eucalyptorum Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Vict. (7) and (13). Piggotia substellata Cke. on leaves, Vict. (7) and (18). Melasmia eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on dead leaves, Vict. (7) and (13). Sacidium eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on dead leaves of HL. globulus, Vict. (13). Leptostromella eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on leaves of 2. incrassata, Viet. (7) and (13).
Family Excipulacee. Protostegia eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on leaves of F. incrassata, Vict. (7) and (18).
Family Melancoriacez. Gloeosporium eucalyptt McAlp. on leaves of FE. cladocalyx (EF. corynocalyz) (16). G. nigricans Cke. et Mass. on leaves of 2. coriacea (pauciflora), Vict, (6) and (16).. G. ochrostichum Sace. on leaves of EF. coriacea (16). G. capsularum Cke. et Hark. on fruits (6). Pestalozzeite circulare Cke. et Mass. on leaves of E. coriacea (13). Also on E. parviflora (7).
33
Family Melaucoriacee—continued. Pestalozzina exilis F\. Tassi. on leaves of F. eximia, N.S.W. (17). Stilbospora foliorum Cke. on leaves, Vict. (13). Pestalozzia monocheta Desm. on leaves of FL. globulus (2) and (13). P. funerea Desm. on twigs of EF. globulus (2) and (13). P. inquinans Cke. et Hark. on leaves (6). Coryneum viminale Cke. et Mass. oti leaves of EF. viminalis, Vict. (13). Cylindrosporium eucalypti McAlp. on E. melliodora, Dandenong Creek, Vict. (15).
Hyphomycetes. Family Mucediniacez.
Penrerllaum glaucum Link. on twigs of EL. globulus (2) and (13).
Family Dematiacee. Hormiscium pithophyllum Nees, on leaves and branches, 8.A., N.S.W. (13). Clasterosporium clavatulum (Cke. et Hark.) (Bactrodesmiwm clavatulum Cke. et Hark.) on bark (7). Cercospora epicoccoides Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Vict. (13). C. eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Vict. (13).
Family Tuberculariacee. [llosporium obscurum Cke. et Mass. on E. globulus, Vict. (13). Hymenula eucalypti Cke. et Mass. on leaves, Vict. (13).
Family Stilbacee. Fusarium rubicolor Berk. et Br. on leaves, Qld. (13).
Mycetozoa (Myxogastres). Family Liceacee.
Tubulina cylindrica (Bull,) var. nitidissima on leaves of HE. microtheca, Qld. and Tas. (13).
Schizomycetes. Family Bacteriacee.
Bacterium eucalypti Greig Smith, in “ Manna” from E. punctata. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxviii, 831 (1903) Bibliography : 1. Berkeley, M. J., Flora of Tasmania, 11, 249 (1860). 2. Cooke, M. C., and Harkness, H. W., Fungi on &. globulus, collected in Califernia, Grevillea, [X, 127 (1880).
3. Cooke, M. C., Grevillea, IX, 146 (1880). 4. wae x X, 60 (1881). 5. iy # XII, 82 (1884). 6 : Pi XU 94 (1884) ih yi “ Handbook of Australian Fungi” (1892).
34
Bibliography :—continued.
8.
9;
10. 11.
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Cheel, E., and Cleland, Dr. J. B., “ Bulletin (No. 12) Forestry Commission, N.S.W.” October, 1918. Cleland, Dr. J. B., and Cheel, E., Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., XLVIII, 436 (1914). Cleland, Dr. J. B., and Cheel, E., vbed, LI (1917). i Trans. Roy. Soc., S.4. XLII, pp. 298, 301, 302 (1919) Engler-Prantl. “* Die Naturlich. Pflanzenfam..” I Tiel, 1 Abteil. (1897). McAlpine, D., “ Systematic Arrangement of Australian Fungi,” Melb. (1895). Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., XXII, 699 (1898). * if XXVIII, 97, 99 (1903). ; : XXIX, 122-123 (1904). Tassi, Dr. FI. “‘ Bull. del Laborat. ed Ort. Bot. della R. Univers. di Siena.” Bijl, Paul A. van de, “ Kew Bull.” 180-181 (1922).
d. Weeds.
In Annual Report, Forestry Commission, N.S.W. (up to 30th June, 1919), p. 27, is a note on the growth in twelve months of certain trees (2. maculata, FE. pilularis, EF. * saliqna) affected and not affected by the strangling vines of Kennedya rubicunda, near Wyong, N.S.W. It had been brought under notice by Mr. F. G. McPherson, the local District Forester, Wyong, who reported—
“This vine is superabundant at present throughout the forests in this district, especially on areas which have been improved, where they attack and cover up the young hardwood trees in a very short space of time. I know areas where re-afforestation 1s good and young trees up to from 2 to 5 feet high are plentiful, but they are all hidden from view by this vine. I am afraid it will menace the forests by retarding the growth
by
of the young trees.’
The answer that I gave was as follows :—
‘A native of Australia. In open sandstone country it is usually a trailer, but in the scrub it is a vigorous climber. The point you raise is a very interesting one; there is, in effect, a struggle going on between the vine and the young trees. Probably it would not pay for the forester to interfere in the struggle asa rule. But I expect that, in the vast majority of cases, the young trees will shoot up and leave the humbler vine, the leaves of which may have some manurial value for the forest. Firimg the land very much helps the dissemination of a vine like this, as it burns off its enemies and facilitates the germination of the seed of the vine.”
Vines twine round other plants and sometimes destroy them, but some of them (Vitis) have the redeeming quality that they contain water, which can be obtained by
35
cutting them in pieces about a foot long, and draining them into a receptacle. Tpomaeas (Morning Glory), and many other twiners develop the strangling habit. I have referred to the matter and given illustrations under the title “* Aboriginal Method of obtaining Water,” at p. 14, Part LI, of my “* Forest Flora of New South Wales.”
V. Animals (Native and other). See my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,’ Part LXX, p. 444, where the subject is, although inadequately, dealt with at some length.
VI. Miscellaneous. Hand of Man.
The deliberate destruction has arisen from two causes—(1) the destruction of trees to convert them into timber; and (2) the destruction of trees and shrubs in the formation or improvement of pastoral and arable land.
In (1) the requirements of engineering and mining works, building, fencing, furniture, &c., have to be provided for. Under (2), the burning off has been incessant, but a fair percentage of dead timber has been converted into household fuel in the vicinity-of towns. In Western Australia the cutting of green timber for fuel purposes in the vicinity of the goldfields is, because of the local scarcity of coal, carried out to an extent unknown in eastern Australia. Since the removal of all large timber in the vicinity of the gold-fields areas is complete, data should be obtainable in regard to the rate of growth of many species in definite areas, natural re-afforestation being usually allowed to proceed. Chiefly in South Australia there are large forest plantations, this being largely a treeless State. Victoria and New South Wales are doing some planting.
The compensating extent of natural re-afforestation is considerable, although sometimes lost sight of. Some species, e.g., Hucalyptus pilularis Sm., re-afforest rapidly in forest land, and it is believed that the seeds of forest trees, which pass through sheep and cattle, and which are trampled into the soil, are responsible for the conversion of large areas of grass land into forest in the eastern States. (See Part XLVIII, p. 248.)
The removal of the trees of a forest destroys the plant equilibrium, and interesting changes, which, however, cannot be discussed at this point, take place, particularly in
the brush.
36
VII. THE INFLORESCENCE, and VIII, THE FRUIT—( cluded). DECIDUOUS STAMINIFEROUS RING.
a. —Continuous. b.—Discontinuous (Eudesmiee. )
>
Bentham (B. FI. II, 185) speaks of “‘ Stamens numerous, in several series ’ Mueller “ Stamens inserted close to the edge of the calyx tube in several rows ”’ (Eucalyptographia).
The staminal ring is an annular membrane to which are attached the stamens in more than one row. It is persistent in the majority of species, but deciduous in a few. In those cases in which it is deciduous, the ring may be pulled off (or drops off) with the stamens attached. Probably in most species (in which it passes as persistent) it is deciduous at an early date. In a number of cases it is semi-deciduous, that is to say, while its presence is obvious, it is not always deciduous.
These “staminiferous rims or rings” are called also “annular rim” and “ deciduous rim.” (I have occasionally used the term “ halo ring.’’)
Following are the species in which they have been observed :—
EL. Dawson, figs. 7a, 7b, Plate 175 (shows well the stamens attached; the ring may be likened to a collar in this species).
As a rule, one notices this deciduous ring better in the fruit, for example— E. affinis, Figs, 3d, 5, 6, 7, Plate 57. E. Behriana, Fig. 6d, Plate 48. E. Beyert, Fig. 3c, Plate 199. E. bicolor, Fig. 5d, Plate 49. E. Bosistoana, Figs. 2b, 4f, Plate 49. E. Caleyi, Fig. 13f, Plate 56. E. crebra, Fig. 9, Plate 53. E. diversicolor, Figs. 11 and 12, Plate 86. E. dwersifolia, Part XX XIII, p. 86. E. eremophila, Figs. 7d and 10, Plate 149. . grossa, Fig. la, Plate 72. . Guilfoyler, Figs. 3a, 3b and 4, Plate 87. . hemiphloia, Figs. 4 and 5, Plate 50. . leucorylon, Fig. 8, Plate 56. melliodora, Figs. 1c, 8b, Plate 61. . paniculata, Figs. 14, 15, Plate 57, and 1d, Plate 196. patens, Fig. 4, Plate 88. . polyanthemos, Figs. 7c, 10c, 10d, Plate 58 and 3b, Plate 59. . pruinosa, Fig. 7a, Plate 54 (so labelled, but it is really #. Shirleyt). . Shirleyi, see E. pruinosa. . sideroxylon, Fig. 12, Plate 55. . Websteriana, Fig. 4b, Plate 143. See also the Eudesmiez, under the caption “ Bundling or Tuftiness of the
SecBoBcsicsi icici hhc
Stamens.” at p. 37.
37
In EF. Bakeri the stamens may be persistent on the ring even as long as the valves are extruded, so that we may have ripe fruit and stamens together.
So far as I can see, botanists rarely refer to this deciduous rim, and then only in connection with the fruit, as its presence can be easiest seen in that stage.
Mueller refers to “ Rim of the young fruit encircled inside by a flat annular membrane ” (7.e., staminal ring), (F. stderophloia, “ Kucalyptographia,” which I suggest may be a slip of the pen for L. sideroxylon).
There is some correlation, but not a marked one, between species with marked annular rings, and the Terminales, eg., E. siderorylon, E. leucorylon, EH. Caleyi, EB. Dawsoni.
(6) Discontinuous. Bundling or Tuftiness of the Stamens (Kudesmiez).
Robert Brown (“ Appendix to Flinders’ Voyage,” II, 599, t. 3) proposed to establish the genus Hudesmia, as separate from Eucalyptus, partly by reason of the arrangement of the stamens indicated above. Under EF. erythrocorys, Part XLV, p. 135, with figures, I have, I think, sufficiently explained the arrangement.
Bentham makes reference to what I have called the Bundling or Tuftiness of the stamens in the case of the following three species. He calls the group which includes them the Eudesmiez.
Stamens . . . forming 4 bundles alternating with the calyx-teeth, the claw or entire part very short and broad, or four clusters, if the claw be considered as a mere dilatation or lobe of the margin of the staminal disk. (E. erythrocorys.)
Stamens . . . more or less distinctly arranged in four clusters or bundles, alternating with the calyx-tube, but the claws or dilatations of the disk very short or scarcely perceptible (E. tetragona.)
Stamens . . . distinctly arranged in four clusters or bundles alternating with the calyx- teeth . . . (E. eudesmioides.)
Mueller remarks —
E. tetragona shares with FE. erjthrocorys the remarkable characteristic of having its stamens united into bundles, which alternate with the teeth of the calyx, though the filaments do not actually unite, but are inserted on semiorbicular lobes, different in colour and consistence. On this distinction rests R. Brown’s genus Eudesmia, which to some extent holds the same position towards Hucalyptus as Melaleuca towards Callistemon, and as Tristania towards Metrosideros; the coalescence of the filaments of Melaleuca is one of degree only, and even in the typical M. Leucadendron affects merely the very base of the staminal bundles. But as in all three hitherto known Eudesmias, hardly any concrescence of the filaments themselves is traceable, I deemed it best to include them in the genus Eucalyptus. especially as calyx-teeth are still more strongly developed in EL. odontocarpa and £. tetrodonta. (“ Kucalyptographia,” under F. tetragona.)
In the Eudesmiz (except FH. tetrodonta) the four depressions are where the stamens
are, or have been inserted.
38
I will content myself with some references, in the present Part, and it will be seen that the attachment of the stamens is to a deciduous, white, undulating staminal ring, the stamens not continuous as in the non-Eudesmiez, but broken because of the tuftiness already alluded to.
E. erythrocorys; see Part XLV, article “ Bundling and Tuttiness of the Stamens,” at p. 135, and figs. 2d and 29, Plate 184.)
Two characters may arise from the undulations in the Eudesmieze—- (a) The width of the staminal ring may be greater at the crests or tops of each undulation, becoming narrowest in each trough. (See fig. 2d, Plate 184.)
(6) The lengths of the filaments vary, the longest emerging from the crests of each undulation. (See Part XLV, p. 135.)
E. eudesmioides. See Part XLV, p. 136; Part XLVI, p. 165. E, tetragona. See Part XLV, p. 136; Part XLVI, p. 163.
EL. tetrodonta.—It is expedient to again refer to this species in connection with figs. 2 and 3a, Plate 185, and top of page 136, Part XLV. Calyx distinct, as depicted, the lobes prominent, thick, obtuse, free from the operculum at the apex; operculum thin. Staminal ring cylindrical, raised above the undulate calyx lobes. Filaments numerous, slender, attached to the top of the staminal ring in an almost uniform manner, and not in four clearly distinct bundles. That the four bundles are not clearly marked is shown in fig. 3a. The undulate calyx-lobes in this species are not to be confused with the undulate staminal ring common in the Eudesmiez.
EF. Baileyana. See Part XLIV, p. 113; Part XLV, p. 136.
DISC OF THE FLOWER.
Historical.
Bentham, 1866. Mueller, 1879-84.
Following are the species in which Bentham refers to the disc, so far as the stamens are concerned, but I cannot trace where he gives a definition of the disc :—
E. macrocarpa. “ Their insertion (stamens) raised to about 2 lines above the edge of the calyx by the thick edge of the disc, which is also often slightly raised within the stamens in a ring round the ovary.” (B.FL, iii, 224.)
E. globulus. “Stamens . . . raised above the calyx by the thick edge of the disc.” ([b., 225.
39
E. pyriformis. “ Dise very broad, forming within the stamens a thick prominent ring round the depressed top of the ovary.” (Zb., 226.)
E. conoidea (erythronema). “‘Stamens . . . raised by the thick disc $ to 1 line above the border of the calyx.” (Ib., 227.)
E. robusta. “Stamens. . . somewhat raised above the calyx-border by the annular margin of the disc.” (Zb., 228.)
BE. Preissiana. ** Disc broad and concave, the ovary with as many protuberances in the centre as valves.” (b., 232.) :
E.annulata. “. . . the margin of the dise that bears them (stamens) forming a raised inflexed ring about # line broad.” (Jb., 234.)
E. spathulata Hook. “. . .- the border of the staminal disc inflected over the sunk Oem 6 .c 6 (UM, AB)
E. pachyloma. ~ Disc concave.” (Ib. 237.)
E. Oldfieldii. “ Disc forming a more or less raised ring within the stamens round the flat-topped ovary.” (Jb., 237.)
E. Drummondii. ** Disc very broad, nearly flat, forming a prominent ring round the ovary, of which the obtusely conical centre protrudes about 1 or 14 lines above the disc at the time of flowering.” (Ib., 237.)
E. orbifolia. ‘* Dise narrow round the conical summit of the ovary, which protrudes 3 or 4 lines above the border of the calyx, tapering into the short thick style.” (1b., 238.)
E. resinifera. “Stamens. . . raised above the calyx-border by the disc. (Ib., 245.) (
E. pellita. “Stamens . . . somewhat raised above the calyx-border of the disc.” (b., 246.)
Mueller (“‘ Eucalyptographia”’) uses the term “ staminiferous disc’ (under E. occidentalis). He also uses the terms “ discal summit” and “ discal portion, &e.”’ (See Part LX, p. 604.)
DISC OF THE FRUIT.
In the definition of the genus, Bentham says—
“Fruit . . . the persistent disc usually thin and lining the orifice of the calyx-tube when the capsule is deeply sunk; concave, horizontal, convex, or conically projecting, and more or less contracting the orifice when the capsule in not much shorter than, as long as, or longer than the calyx-tube; the capsule always adnate, &c.” (B. FI. III, 185.)
E. pachyphylla and E. Oldfieldii. “ Disk forming a raised ring or prominentrim. . . .” (1b., 196.)
LE. pachyloma, EB. Drummondii, and FL. orbifolia. “‘ Disk concave in the flower, very convex in the ECT aero ieas (LOS a1 962)
E. macrocarpa. Bentham, says, “the very broad disk forming a raised rim.” ([b., 224.)
E. globulus. He uses the terms “ flat-topped ‘ disk’ or ‘rim.’ (Ib., 225.)
E. pyriformis. He refers to the ring formed by the “ disk.” (Jb., 226.)
He uses the term “ disk ”’ in the sense of “ rim” under erythrocorys, see p.
4()
Mueller, in the definition of the genus (‘‘ Eucalyptographia ’’) says—
discal space intervening between the (inner, J.H.M.) edge of the calyx and the base of the valves from narrow to very broad in different species, and not seldom protruding.”
3
: discal expansion forming a narrow rim beyond the calyxsteeth.” (Specific description of EF. tetrodonta.)
it discal lining generally much extended beyond the ovary.” (Generic definition of
Eucalyptus—* Eucalyptographia.’’)
The following are synonyms :—
Discal-lining. Floral disc (flower). Capsular dise (fruit).
Let us begin with some preliminary observations.
Dise or Discal-lining. In BE. Preissiana, E. megacarpa, LE. globulus, and E. alpina, which we take as examples, the thick band or expansion at the top of the fruit is an enlargement of the floral disc. Its development in the fruit or capsule can be traced from the floral stage. In all species examined it varies somewhat, but its presence, as far as I have observed, is indicated by the usually dark zone or lining at the base of and on the sides of the calyx-tube. In the species mentioned, the pulvinate gland-like processes are present on the floral disc, and‘as the ovary develops, so also does the disc. As the ovary develops, it grows upwards and outwards, and apparently more so in the centre, until it is carried, with the’dise, beyond the level of the calycine rim. The rim then increases in thickness, and at the same time gradually extends over the valves of the capsule, but in all cases leaves the tips of the valves free. In H. Preissiana the disc is entirely free from the valves, and forms a thick crenate layer above them on the inner margin, while the outer edge is fused to the calycine portion of the capsule. The disc therefore derives its nutriment from the calycine portion, and not from any portion of the valves or ovary.
The term “ discal-lining ” applied by Mueller to some species is a very appro- priate one, for in the species mentioned the calyx-tube cup is deep, and has a dark carnose lining which extends towards the ovary in a wave or crenate line, and is differentiated from the ovary by the colour, that of the latter organ being always much paler. The discal lining is naturally more noticeable in species with large flowers and fruits. The term could be conveniently used in descriptions when the disc is obscure, because it is, like the disc, an important character, as it is very largely responsible for the morphosis of the fruit.
Tae
sa
or Ot be
64. 6B. 6c.
41
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 248-251. PLATE 248.
Bracts and Bracteoles.
(a) Bracts (there are up to three, fused at the edges, to each bud), enveloping the single bud. Where the pedicels are attached to the peduncle, the scar of the more inclusive bracts which envelop the umbel will also be seen.
. Bract at base of pedicel eae the entire umbel, of which only one bud is shown.
. Plan of a bud and bracts (1a (a) ), the bracts surrounding the bud (6). All are from HE. pyr iformis
Turez. var. elongata, cultiv ae in Botanic Gardens, Sydney (W. F. Blakely, eer 1917).
. Twig of 2. Camfieldi Maiden, showing leaves and undeveloped umbels.
- Umbel, enlarged, showing (a) bracts, enveloping the buds. From the type locality of £. Camfieldi,
viz., about 100 ent south of the 17 mile: post, Galston-road, Hornsby, Sydney (W. F. Blakely and D. W. C. Shiress).”
. Immature buds, somewhat irregular in contour, of EB. de Beuzevillei Maiden.
. Young umbel, showing enveloping bracts, still fused by their edges. Same species, and all specimens
from the type locality (W. A. W. de Beuzeville).
Enveloping bracts, as yet jomed together, H. mimiata A. Cunn., Goody Goody, Western Australia (W. V. Fitzgerald).
. An umbel, natural size, showing a bract at (a).
. The same umbel, greatly enlarged. (a) a bract; (b) a bracteole. The enclosed buds are shown
shaded. Although in the enlarged drawing the bracts have the appearance of being continuous with the flattened peduncle, this is really not so, for at an early stage the bracts wither, and, being articulated to the peduncle, drop off. #. pyrophora Benth., Saxby River, Northern Queensland (Miss Florence Sulman). See Part LVIII, p. 465.
Buds with enveloping bracts (a). The enveloping bracts, with the buds removed.
Enveloping bract, much enlarged. J. tetrodonta F.v.M. All Darwin, Northern Territory (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer, 1911). ; These bracts are in pairs, more or less persistent, confluent with the peduncle, broad lanceolate to navicular, concave, thick, slightly keeled, the margins uniting, subperfoliate, 5-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad. They are not unlike the bracts of some of the Loranthacee. Enlargement concave and hooded, superposed by astrong solid apicular process which is also slightly concave. The lower or larger cavity appears to be the impression caused by the outer bud: the smaller upper cavity represents the impression of the top of the central bud, which is usually longer than the lateral or outer buds. It would appear that in the early stage the bracts enve ler the three buds, are free at the apex, and the apicular portion is a protection for the lower part of the bract.
. Umbel, natural size, of Z. ficifolia F.v.M., showing subtending bract. . Umbel, natural size, showing bracts (a) and bracteoles (6). :. Showing the bracts (a) and bracteoles (6) in plan.
. Umbel, natural size, showing bracts (a) and bracteoles (6).
74, 7B, and 7p show progressive stages of development of the buds. Note that the opercula in 7B and 7p show more or less clearly where a second operculum has fallen off from-each bud. All the above from £. ficifolia, cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Te. Showing two bracts, Z, calophylla, cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
42
Membranes of Bud. 8. (a) Calyx-tube.
) (0)
(c) Outer operculum (No. 1).
Inner operculum (No. 2).
(d) Fragments of an outer scurfy layer. (e) External membrane of the calyx-tube. (c) and (e) appear to correspond, so do also (a) and (b). (All of #. eximia Schauer.)
The membranes covering the calyx-tube and operculum in £. eximia appear to consist of the outer coverings of both organs. Hach membrane is of such a tough, gelatinous-like nature that it can be separated without laceration.
If (c), the outer operculum, is of calycine origin, then what about (¢), which is obviously of similar origin ? It seems to me that they both represent the calyx, and we have a key to the position in the Hinged Operculum (see Part LVIII, p. 492), where, in numerous species of the Corymbosz, it is shown that in what corresponds to (c) and (e) there is a tearing, in other words, there is an indication of some continuity between them. In the present case there is a sharp line of demarcation between (c) and (e), but this must not be relied upon too much, as there is occasionally a fusion (and consequently a tearing) of (c) and (e) in Z. eximia also.
Scurfiness—The minute dark patches (d) on the outer membrane or outer operculum are due to a scurfy substance which more or less envelops the young buds and is not uncommon in the Corymbose. — It is therefore present on the calyx as well as the operculum.
We have a somewhat similar condition in Z. terminalis, except that, in the latter species, the scurfiness is more persistent, and also in £. corymbosa, where there is a note on ** Scurfiness of Fruits,” at Part
XXXIX, p. 243.
The Operculum (double, solid and hinged). 9a. (a) Outer operculum (of an amber colour when fresh) ; (6) Inner operculum (of a green colour when fresh).
E. maculata Hook. f. See also Part LVIII, p. 489. When the outer operculum is cast in this species, the inner one is seen to be smooth and shining; in this character it appears to differ from all other species.
10. Showing the operculum, a little pyramidal cap, which has ceased to grow, and which is gradually pushed off by the expanding stamens. JL. tetraptera Turez., cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
11a. Side or oblique view of fleshy operculum.
118. Longitudinal section of the same. Note the increasing thickness as the apex is approached, and also the cavity which serves to enclose the stigma and the upper part of the style.
llc. The same, looked at from above; the mould-like cavity for the stigma is seen as a small inner circle. E. macrocarpa Hook., cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Sydney, 13th August, 1917.
12a. External view of operculum.
128. Oblique view of operculum.
Note how fleshy it is. At the centre of the inside of the operculum (7.e., at the top of the operculum) is a cavity which encloses the stigma and the top of the style. In the lithograph, this cavity is not as clear as in the original. It is not as deep as in #. macrocarpa, as may be readily inferred from the greater length of the umbo in this species. H. pyriformis Turcz., Mullewa, Western Australia (C. E. Chapman, October, 1919. It had shrunk a little when I received it).
13a. The winged, solid calyx-tube, which is orange-scarlet in colour. Note the slightly protruding stigma.
138. The almost solid operculum, square, with rounded corners at the base. Note the deeper shaded circle in the centre, which indicates the sheath for the top of the style and of the stigma. £. tetraptera Turez., cultivated in the Botanic Gardens, Syduey, 17th September, 1919.
This method of protection of the stigma has been shown in three conspicuous instances. It is, however, probable that in Eucalyptus the stigma is protected in a similar manner in all or most cases, though it is obvious that in very small or thin opercula it would not be readily seen.
43
14. Flowers showing the persistent operculum. EF. hematorylon Maiden, cultivated Botanic Gardens, Sydney. :
15. Flower showing the persistent operculum. 2. ficifolia F.v.M., cultivated Botanic Gardens, Sydney. The same has also been observed in #. calephylla R.Br.
In these cases (and it has been observed in other species, see Part LVIII, p. 492), it will be observed that the calyx-tube has continued to grow, leaving the operculum in arrested development, adherent to the calyx-tube in the manner of a hinge.
Sepals and Petals. 16. Comparatively young buds of FE. tetragona F.v.M., showing oil-glands (dots) and also faint lines of demarcation indicating the margins of petals. Lynburn, Alexander River, Western Australia
(H. P. Turnbull).
17. This calyx indicates clearly the partial division into sepals (K. tetradonta ¥.v.M., Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Nicholas Holtze). It shows a bud free from insect action, and the raised tubular staminal ring behind the sepals. We have in this specimen something more than “a distinctly toothed calyx,” as originally remarked by Robert Brown.
E. tetradonta ¥.v.M., Bathurst Island, G. F. Hill, No. 466. See figs. 18a, 188, being plan and elevation of a bud. (Compare also figs. 2 and 3a, Plate 185, Part XLV.)
Figs. 18a and 188 represent a bud attacked internally by insects, but externally they clearly demonstrate certain morphological characters. They not only show the young calyx separated into its sepals, but also the petals fused into an operculum. The four petals’ are partly united, but not perfectly so, for the demarcation lines are still present, which indicate the original line of cleavage of the petals before metamorphosis took place. This seems to indicate that at one time the petals of this species were free and valvate in the bud, with a thickened keel or raised line down the centre, but somewhat thicker towards the top. (I am aware that in the Myrtacez the petals are very much imbricate in the bud. It may be that in the process of fusion of the petals the overlapping or imbrication has become obliterated, or is represented only by a thickening.)
The buds at this stage also show the sutural line of the operculum, which indicates that the petals were deciduous in a very early state.
Raised lines indicating the shape of the opercula are to be seen in at least two other species of the Eudesmiex, e.g., H. erythrocorys, fig. 2f, Plate 184. See also its presence in E. tetragona, as shown in fig. 16. Operculum fairly thin, hemispherical, copiously dotted with somewhat prominent oil-glands, and marked by four very fine lines which are sometimes only discernible with the aid of a lens, but often are much more distinct.
The less closely-related E. pyriformis also shows these raised lines, ¢.g., figs. 1b, 4e, Plate 75, and figs. 1d, 44, Plate 76. In these cases, although there are more than four ribs, there are four principal ribs. See also fig. 6a, Plate 75, of E. pyriformis var. minor, which is B. pachyphylla, as shown in Part XLI, figs. 1-3, Plate 171.
Although in the previous examples we have been dealing with the evidence of petals in the operculum, it is proper to suggest that, in some cases, the ribs or wings in the calyx-tubes indicate the lines of demarcation of sepals. For example :—
“Hudesmia (tetragona) . . . differs from Eucalyptus solely in having a striated operculum placed within a distinctly toothed calyx, and in its filaments being collected into bundles. The operculum in Eudesmia, from the nature of its striee, and their relation to the teeth of the calyx, appears to be formed of the confluent petals only; whereas that of Eucalyptus. which is neither striated nor placed within a distinct calyx, is more probably composed, in several cases at least, of both floral envelopes united. . . .” (Robert Brown, in * Flinders’s Voyage,” 1814.)
In Part LVIII I promised to discuss the above two sentences when a figure or figures of operculum were available, and when discussing the affinities of the Eudesmiee,
G
44,
194. Longitudinal section of a nearly expanded bud of #. tetragona F.v.M., Stirling Range, Western
‘Australia, showing inflection of the filaments, ovules, and top of ovary.
19B is the operculum of the same, and 198 (6) and 19a (a) are the same organ. (See also fig. 16.)
6B.
OF.
The inside of the operculum is more or less striate, and a small cleft, compressed or angular, stipes-like attachment projects from the centre of the top.
If a longitudinal section of a bud is made, this stipes-like appendage is seen to project downward towards the style, and sometimes it exceeds that organ. When it is longer than the point (stigma) of the style, the latter is seen to grow to one side, as it were, to allow the projection to pass down towards the base of the style. Or it may be that the stalk-like appendage is of much harder substance than the style, and in that case the style is forced to bend when it comes in contact with it.
ndage is rare nh, , s investigation. he bud-section its 3
This appendage is rarely seen, and requires investigation. In the bud-section its presence seems to accentuate the division of the operculum into four petals, and the “‘ appendage ” may be of the nature of a stipes or claw.
PLATE 249. ANTHERS.
A. Renanthere.
. Renanthere (normal). (See Part LIX, p. 525). . Subseries Alpine. (See p. 526.) . Subseries Brachyandre. (See p. 527.)
. Anthers of #. Guilfoylei Maiden, which open very widely and have the appearance of the wings of
a butterfly. (See p. 528.)
B. Renantheroidee.
Renantheroidex. (See p. 528.)
C. Porantheroidea.
Porantheroidex. (See p. 529.)
D. Terminates.
Terminales, Note the anther erect on the filament, and oblique on the filament. There is often
absence of the gland in the Terminales. (See p. 530.)
EL. Platyanthere.
. Platyantheree, of which the anthers of H. oleosa may be taken as a type. (See p. 532.) . Subseries Graciles. (See p. 533.) c. Subseries Pyriformes. (See p. 533.)
F. Macranthere.
. Subseries (1) Tereticornes. (See p. 533.)
Subseries (2) Longiores. (See p. 535.)
». Anthers of #. miniata and EL. phanicea. (See p. 535.)
. Anthers of #. salubris and EL. Campaspe. (See p. 536.)
jn. EL: calophylla. Note the tapering of the filament at the connective, and thickening towards the base.
This also shows a specimen of a versatile anther. All anthers may be versatile except Terminales and Porantheroidee.
Globular anther—parallel sits. HEudesmie (2. erythrocorys). (See p. 536.)
45
6c. Versatile anther with large gland, 2. goniantha. One of the miscellaneous anthers indicated at top of p. 535.
6H. Anther of FE. diversicolor. (See ‘‘ Miscellaneous,” top of p. 535.) This bears considerable affinity to fig. 2 (Renantheroidew), but seems to be anomalous, and may therefore be kept apart for further information.
Lack of Uniformity.—We must be careful not to suggest uniformity where it is non-existent. It may be that we have only one specimen of a particular species, and, if other specimens were found, the anthers would probably show some lack of uniformity. Indeed, in some common species it becomes difficult to say what one would adopt as the typical form of the anther. This is but an additional instance of the fact that all the organs of a species vary within limits—that variation is a grand law of Nature.
Gland.—In judging an immature anther, it is always the case that the gland is rather large, and as growth progresses it becomes less in size, as if its partial absorption were necessary for the development of the anther. I have briefly referred to the matter under F. Shirley, Part LVIII, p. 425.
Size—In exhibiting a series of comparative drawings of anthers, one must be careful to
remember that they vary a good deal in size. Indeed, some are so small that a life-size drawing would be of little value to the person of average eyesight.
Inflection of Stamens.
I have omitted illustrations in the present work, as Mueller has so freely shown them in his longitudinal sections of the flower buds throughout the ‘‘ Eucalyptographia.” (See also the statements in Part LIX, p. 546.)
These two drawings, Nos. 7 and 8 (see also 19, Plate 248), are intended more as a reminder than anything else.
is Z. tetraptera Turcz., and
iv.)
is EL. erythrocorys F.v.M., both cultivated Botanic Gardens, Sydney, 10th July, 1922. 7a is the wing of the calyx-tube and bud generally, and Te is the wall of the bud generally.
In both figures, note that the stamens in the bud are inflected from the stigma. Notice also the section through the ovary, and the curve of the top of the ovary.
Style axd Stigma.
9. From left to right, here are shown stigmas of ZL. terminalis F.v.M. (Darwin), two drawings showing papillee round the edge of the stigma, and JZ. tetrodonta F.v.M. (Darwin) two. It is very difficult to show differences in stigmas, other than those exhibiting an enlargement (as compared with the stigma), and those practically of the same diameter as the style. The styles vary in length of course. The young stigma of L. ptychocarpa from an unopened bud has been found to be square in shape.
Evolution of the Dise.
10s-10e. LB. tereticornis Sm. Floral disc conspicuous, forming a distinct dark, carnose, raised ring of 2 2-3 mm. around the base of the conical ovary, or projecting well beyond the staminal ring. Cap- sular disc broad, domed, exceeding the calyx-rim by 3-4 mm.
Li. tereticornis, five figures (all enlarged) to illustrate the evolution of the adnate disc.
(All from Outer Domain, Sydney.) 104. (a) Calyx-tube.
(b) Calyx-rim.
(c) Staminal ring. (2) Floral disc. (e) Ovary.
46
10B. (a) Calyx-tube. (b) Calyx-rim. (c) Staminal ring. . (d) Floral disc, more advanced than in Fig. 10a. (e) Ovary. (f) Base of style.
10c. (
SS
a) Calyx-tube.
(b) Calyx-rim.
(c) Staminal ring.
(d) Floral disc, more advanced than in Fig. 10s. (e) Half-developed ovary.
(f) Base of style.
10p. (Showing capsular dise)— (a) Calyx-tube. (b) Calyx-rim. (c) Staminal ring. (d) Capsular disc. (e) Valves of the capsule.
—wo ae Sl
10k. (Showing capsular disc)— (a) Calyx-tube. (6) Calyx-rim. (c) Staminal ring. (d) Capsular disc. (e) Valves of the capsule.
It will be observed from the figures that the floral disc changes (evolves) into the capsular disc; in other words, there is no fixed line between them. The evolution of the calyx can be traced in the same way.
PLATE 250. ._ The Dise.
E. pyriformis Turez. var. Kingsmilli Maiden (14 to 18, of which 1 is alone of natural size).
1a. Longitudinal section of flower. (a) Calyx-tube with wing.
(6) Calyx-rim. ; (61) Thickness of calyx-tube.
(c) Staminal ring.
(
(e) Floral disc.
(f) A deep nectary between the ovary and the floral disc. (y) Ovary and style. (
h) Ovary.
1
) d) Nectary trough between the staminal ring and the floral disc. ”)
)
1s. A very young fruit. (a) Calyx (calyx-tube) showing prominent ribs. (b) Calyx-rim. (61) Thickness of calyx-tube.
(c) Torn membranous lining of the lower edge of the operculum.
(d) Staminal ring.
(e) Outer nectary (between the inner edge of the staminal ring and the disc). (f) Floral disc.
(g) Inner nectary, surrounding the ovary.
(k) Ovary and style.
le. 1D.
oy,
AT
Transverse section of base of style. Fruit (enlarged). (a) Calyx-tube, with its prominent ridges or wings. (6) Calyx-rim. (61) Thickness of calyx. (c) Staminal ring. (d) Capsular dise. (e) Valves of the capsule (all drawn from the type). Fruit, natural size, for comparison with the above enlarged drawings. (Near Mount Keith, north of Leonora, Western Australia, Hon. W. Kingsmill, M.L.C.)
E. pyriformis Turez.
. (a) Calyx-tube, winged.
(6) Calyx-rim.
(OL) Thickness of calyx-tube. (c) Staminal ring.
(cl) Stamens.
(d) Floral disc.
(e) Ovary and style (pistil).
. (a) Calyx-tube. Ridges of the calyx.
(b) Calyx-rim.
(61) Thickness of calyx-tube.
(c) Staminal ring.
(d) Floral disc, with impressions left by stamens.
(e) Ovary and style. The dark spots are the impressions of the anthers around the base of the raised ovary.
». Fruit (showing capsular disc).
(a) Calyx-tube, showing prominent ribs. (0) Calyx-rim. (b1) The thickness of the calyx-tube supporting operculum. (c) Staminal ring. (d) Capsular disc. (e) Valves of the capsule. (Ooldea, north of Fowler’s Bay, South Australia, Henry Deanc.)
E. macrocarpa Hook. Floral disc forming a broad, slightly raised ring around the base of the ovary,
and some distance from it, the upper surface ef the dise more or less distinctly marked by the impression of the bases of the filaments, the inner edge sharp, slightly concave, lower than the centre of the ovary and staminal ring, so that a shallow nectary trough is formed around the ovary.
Capsular disc prominent, thick, more or less oblique, or in perfect specimens rounded or domed,
exceeding the staminal rings by about 10 mm.
BA.
(a) Calyx-tube.
(b) Calyx-rim.
(b1) Thickness of calyx. (c) Staminal ring.
(d) Capsular disc.
(e) Valves of the capsule.
—
. Longitudinal section of fruit.
(a) Calyx-tube.
(6) Thickness of calyx. (c) Carpels.
(d) Cell,
(e) Placenta.
(f) Placental column.
3c.
3D.
3F,
48
Transverse section of fruit. (a) Rim of calyx-tube. (6) Thickness of calyx. (c) Cell.
(d) Placenta.
Longitudinal section of fruit. (a) Rim of calyx-tube.
(0) Carpels.
(c) Cell.
(d) Placental column.
A deep transverse section of the fruit. (a) Rim of calyx-tube. (6) Thickness of calyx-tube. (ce) Cell. (d) Placental column. (Plains north-east from New Norcia, Western Australia, Dr. A. Morrison.)
PLATE 251.
The Dise (continued).
EL. erythrocorys F.v.M. Floral dise thick, dark green, fleshy, forming a raised wheel-like design
over the top of the ovary, from the circular portion four spoke-like ridges of the same thickness as the circular portion project into the calyx-tube, midway between the calyx-teeth, and form supports for the calyx lobes or the undulating staminal ring.
—_ i
lB.
LG:
(a) Calyx-tube (showing ribs).
(6) Tooth of the calyx (of which there are four) or rudimentary sepals. (c) Calyx-rim.
(d) Undulating staminal ring attached to the rudimentary petals.
(e) Ridge supporting the rudimentary petal.
(f) Circular floral dise over the top of the ovary.
One of the four trough-like nectaries outside the floral disc. Top of ovary and nectary inside floral disc. The base of the style is also shown.
—~ ma ~~) oz
Longitudinal section of fruit. (a) Calyx-tube.
(b) Thickness of calyx-tube. (ec) Thick placental column. (qd) Cell.
Transverse section, of fruit. (a) Edge of the ribbed calyx-tube. (6) Thickness of the calyx-tube. (c) Cell. (Dongarra, Western Australia, W. D. Campbell.)
E. Baileyana F.v.M. Longitudinal séction of fruit. (a) Calyx-tube. (b) Thickness of calyx-tube. (c) Carpels. (d) Cell. (e) Placental column. (Hight-mile Plains, near Brisbane, F. M. Bailey.)
49
E. tetrodonta F.v.M. Floral disc more or less prominent, forming a dark carnose covering over the top of the conical ovary, almost up to the base of the style, and projecting in the thickish ridges over the centre of the embryonic valves of the ovary, and thus forming three or more distinct ovarian nectaries. Capsular dise forming a small dark carnose ridge over the centre of the valves as in the floral disc, and considerably lower than the staminal ring, which remains conspicuous on the ripe capsule. (No figure given of dise of Z. tetrodonta at this place.)
E. tetraptera Turez.
5a. Longitudinal section of fruit.
(a) Calyx-tube.
(6) Thickness of calyx-tube.
(e) Cell.
(d) Discal lining. (e) Top of carpel. (f) Edge of carpel. (g) Placental column.
3B. Transverse section of fruit. (a) Calyx-tube. (6) Thickness of calyx-tube. (c) Cell. (e) Placenta. (f) Wing of the calyx. (Both near Cape Riche, Western Australia, W. Dunn )
E. tetragona ¥.v.M. 44, Longitudinal section of fruit. (a) Calyx-tube.
(b) Cells. (c) Top of the carpels. (d) Ovary.
4s. Transverse section of fruit. . (a) Rim of calyx-tube. (6) Thickness of calyx. (c) Cell. (Both Bremer Bay, Western Australia, J. Wellstead.) i
E. Watsoniana ¥F.v.M. 5a. (a) Calyx-tube. ; (6) Thin jagged membrane or inner lining of the operculum, which becomes detached from the lower inner edge, as the operculum falls off. (Same as 18 (c), in &. pyriformis var. Kingsmilli.)
5B. Operculum from the inside. Note the thick texture. (Delubra, Mundubbera, Queensland, H. 8. Bloxsome.)
E. Oldfieldi F.v.M. Floral disc forming a short tubular raised disc above the base of the ovary and top of the calyx and about 2 to 3 mm. from the staminal ring. Staminal ring slightly raised above the top of the calyx, so that a shallow trough-like nectary is formed. The deeper hollow cavity around the top of the ovary would also serve as a reservoir for nectar. Capsular disc thick, semiconical (resembling the lower half of a cone), truncate, exceeding the calyx-rim by 4-5 mm. The morphosis of the disc from the flowering to the fruiting stage in this species is similar to that of &. pyriformis and the variety Kingsmilli.
64. Flower with stamens removed. (a) Calyx-rim. (6) Staminal ring. (c) Floral disc. (d) Ovary and portion of style.
50
6B. Very young fruit.
(a) Calyx-tube.
(b) Calyx-rim.
(c) Thickness of calyx-tube.
(d) Staminal ring. 5
(e) Raised floral disc.
(f) Ovary and base of style. 6c. Plan of same;
(a) Calyx-rim.
(6) Thickness of calyx-tube.
(c) Staminal ring.
(d) Floral disc.
(e) Ovary and base of style. 6p. A cluster of fruits—natural size—showing the developed disc.
(a) Calyx-tube.
(6) Rim of calyx-tube.
(c) Prominent disc.
(d) Tips of the slightly exsert valves of the capsule.
(All Minginew, J.H.M.)
E. Drummondi Benth. Floral disc forming a raised ring around the sides of the ovary and partly adnate to it, exceeding the calyx-rim by about 1}mm. Staminal ring indistinguishable from the top of the calyx, and slightly lower than it. A nectar-like trough is formed in this species somewhat similar to that of EH. Oldfieldi, except that in Z. Drummondi it is the top of the calyx which is highest, and not the staminal ring. There.is also a troughlike cavity around the conical ovary, as in £. Oldfieldi, but not nearly so deep, as the ovary is more exsert and cone-like. Capsular disc thick, domed, exceeding the calyx- tim by about 3 mm. The staminal ring which has grown outward is also present on the ripe capsule, and it is higher than the calyx-rim, or top of the calyx of the flower.
7a. Illustrating the floral disc. (a) Calyx-tube. (b) Calyx-rim. (c) Staminal ring. (d) Inner edge of staminal ring. (e) Floral disc. (f) Nectary. (7) Top of ovary and portion of style. The dark spots are the impressions of the anthers when in bud. 7B. Illustrating the capsular disc. (a) Calyx-tube. (b) Line indicating the top of the calyx or outer edge. (c) The broad band indicates the top and inner edge of the calyx-tube. (/) Staminal ring. (e) Prominent capsular disc. ) Valves of the capsule. (Cut Hill, York, Western Australia. O. H. Sargent. No. 266. All enlarged. See Plate 74, figs. 7, 9, 10. E, pellita F.v.M. Floral disc annular, carnose, purple-brown, slightly exceeding the staminal ring, as in E. resimfera. Capsular disc annular, truncate, completely absorbing the staminal ring in some cases, but in others, as in #. resinifera, the staminal ring may be present. 8a. Illustrating the floral disc. (a) Calyx-tube. (b) Calyx-rim. (61) Thickness of calyx-tube. (c) Raised staminal ring. (d) Floral dise. (e) Ovary and portion of the style.
51
8s. Plan of the top of the flower.
ig) ~]
(a) Calyx-rim. (0) Thickness of ealyx-tube. (c) Staminal ring. (2) Ovary. (e) Base of style. (Ourimbah State Forest, New South Wales, W. A. W. de Beuzeville.)
>. Ripe fruit, illustrating capsular disc.
(a) Calyx-tube. (6) Line indicating calyx-rim. (51) Line indicating the inner edge of calyx. (c) Raised staminal ring. (Zd) Capsular disc. (e) Valves of the capsule. (Kuranda, North Queensland, Miss Edwards.)
. Ripe fruit, illustrating the capsular disc, which is more domed than im 8c.
(2) Calyx-tube. (6) Calyx-rim. (61) Line indicating inner edge of calyx-tube. (ce) Capsular disc. (7) Valves of the capsule. (Wyong, New South Wales, J. L. Boorman.)
E. resinifera Sm. Floral disc annular, carnose, dark purple-brown, projecting a little beyond the
staminal ring. Capsular disc annular, truncate, the inner portion more or less sloping towards the valves ; staminal ring sometimes absorbed by the disc.
Qa.
9B.
Illustrating the floral disc. (Enlarged.) (a) Calyx-tube.
(6) Calyx-rim.
(61) Thickness.
(c) Raised staminal ring.
(d) Floral disc.
(e) Ovary and portion of style.
Longitudinal section of flower, illustrating the floral disc. . (a) Calyx-tube. (6) Thickness of calyx-tube. (c) Top of calyx-tube. (d) Staminal ring. (e) Floral disc. (f) Top of ovary. (g) Qvules attached to placenta. (h) Placenta) column. : (Tintendar, New South Wales, W. Baeuerlen.)
AAD
The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales *** with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of the Part of the Forest Flora.is given in brackets :—
acaciodes A. Cunn. (xviii). acmeniaides Schauer (xxxii). affinis Deane and Maiden (lvi). amygdalina Labill. (xvi). Andrewsi Maiden (xxi). Baileyana F.v.M. (xxxv). Baker: Maiden (1xx). Baueriana Schauer (lvii).
Baueriana Schauer var. conica Maiden (lviii),
Behriana F.v.M. (xlvi).
bicolor A. Cunn. (xliv).
Boormani Deane and Maiden (xlv). Bosistoana F.v.M. (xliii).
Caleyi Maiden (lv).
capitellata Sm. (xxviii).
conica Deane and Maiden (lviii). Consideniana Maiden (xxxvi). corvacea A. Cunn. (xv). corymbosa Sm. (xii).
erebra F.v.M. (liii). Dalrympleana Maiden (|xiv). dives Schauer (xix).
dumosa A. Cunn. (Ixv). eugenioides Sieber (xxix). Sruticetorum F.v.M. (xiii). gigantea Hook. f. (li). globulus Labill. (Ixvii). gonvocalyz F.v.M. (vi). hemastoma Sm. (xxxvii). hemiphloia F.v.M. (vi). longifolia Link and Otto (ii). Luehmanniana F.v.M. (xxvi). macrorrhyncha F.v.M. (xxvii). maculata Hook. (vii). Madeni F.v.M. (Ixix).
melliodora A. Cunn. (ix). macrocorys F.v.M. (xxxvii), microtheca F.v.M. (lu).
Muelleriana Howitt (xxx). numerosa Maiden (xvii).
obliqua L’Herit. (xxii).
ochrophloia F.v.M. (i).
odorata Behr and Schlectendal (xii). oleosa F.v.M. (Ix).
paniculata Sm. (vi).
pilularis Sm. (xxxi).
piperita Sm. (Xxxiil).
Planchoniana F.v.M. (xxiv). polyanthemos Schauer (ix). populifolia Hook. (xlvii). propinqua Deane and Maiden (lxi). punctata DC. (x).
radiata Sieb. as amygdalina (xvi).
regnans E.v.M. (xviii). resinifera Sm. (iii).
robusta Sm. (Ixvii). rostrata Schlecht. (Lxii). rubida Deane and Maiden (xliii). saligna Sm. (iv). siderophloia Benth. (xxxix). sideroxzylon A. Cunn. (xiii). Sieberiana F.v.M. (xxxiv). Smith R. T. Baker (1xx). stellulata Sieb. (xiv). tereticornis Sm. (x1). tessellavis F.v.M. (lxvi). Thozetiana F.v.M. (xlix). viminalis Labill. (Ixiv). virgata Sieb. (xxv).
vitrea R. T. Baker (xxii).
melanophloia F.v.M. (liv).
“Government Printer, Sydney. 4to. Each part contains 4 plates and other illustrations. Note BY GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
Financial conditions have so largely affected publications that it is no longer possible to continue the issue of ‘* The Forest Flora of New South Wales” at the old rates, and from this date onward, /.e., from and including Part 7, Vol. VII, the price of the individual Parts will be raised to 2s. 6d. each. _ For those Parts already published the old sale price will be adhered tu, and subscriptions already received will not be disturbed, but the new subscription rate of 2s. 6d. per part, or 25s. for 12 parts, will come into effect as from the “Ist July, 1921.
Sydney: Alfred James Kent; Government Printer—1923.
PL. 248.
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
M.FlockKron.del er lith:
CET:
(8).
Bracts and Bracteoles
Membranes of Bud Double, solid and hinged opercula (9-75).
Sepals and Petals (16-79).
CrIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS. PL. 249.
)
=~ fess Ty- \y onereaaaneaeeiaee
¢ ‘
‘
e \108
oa £ Ni is:
Ppa OIE ng
b pe VE
™M. Flockton. del. et lith- A new Anther system (1-6). Anthers enlarged. Inflection of Stamens (7-8). Some Stigmas (9). Enlarged. — Evolution of Disc (10). E. TERETICORNIS Sm. Enlarged.
etre eke.
“e5 e
Crit. REV. EUCALYPTUS. Pi250!
M.Floerron.del. et lifh-
THE DISC: : EUCALYPTUS PYRIFORMIS Tourcz, var. Kingsmilli MAIDEN (1). E. PYRIFORMIS: Turez; (2). E. MACROCARPA Hook. (8). [All natural size except IA—ID.]
© Crit. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
M.Flochron. del. ef firh-
THE DIiSC—continued. EUCALYPTUS ERYTHROCORYS F.v.M. (Lys WATSONIANA F.v.M. (6).
E. BAILEYANA F.v.M. (2). OLDFIELDII F.v.M. (6).
Ee E. Pa UST RAROMORA Porez, (3). E. DRUMMONDII BENTH. (7). E. TETRAGONA F.v.M. (4). Ee PEIELITAY Five (8);
E.
RESINIFERA Sm. (9).
py
BRR REE
toby tito ty hs
by Pa bs bb
. accedens W. . cornuta Labill. . Websteriana Maiden.
PART XXXk tereticornis Smith. Bancrojti Maiden.
. amplifolia Naudin.
Plates, 128-131. PART
(issued July, 1917.) LOOME
. Seeana Maiden.
exserta F.v.M. Parramattensis C. Hall. Blakely: Maiden.
. dealbata A. Cunn.
Morris R. T. Baker. Howittiana F.v.M. Plates, 132-138. 1917.) PART XXXII.
(Issued September,
. rostrata Schlechtendal.
rudis Endlicher.
- Dundasi Maiden. . pachyloma Berth
Plates, 1917.) PART XXXIV. redunca Schauer. V. Fitzgerald.
136-139. (Issued December,
Plates, 140-143. (Issued April, 1918.) PART XXXV.
. Lehmanni Preiss
. annulata Benth.
. platypus Hooker.
. spathulata Hooker.
gamophylla F.v.M. argulacea W. V. Fitzgerald. Plates, 144-147. (Issued August, 1918.)
PART XXXVI.
. occidentalis Endlicher. . macrandra F .v.M.
. salubris F.v.M.
. cladocalyx F.v.M.
. Cooperiana F.v.M.
. interterta R.
T. Baker. confluens (W. V. Fitzgerald) Maiden. Plates, 148-151. (Issued Japnuarv. 1919.)
PART XXXVII.
. clavigera A. Cunn.
aspera F.v.M.
. grandifolia R.Br.
E. papuana F.v.M.
Plates, 152-155. (Issued March, PART XXXVIII.
1919.:
E. tessellaris ..v.M.
. Spenceriana Maiden.
. Cliftoniana W. V. Fitzgerald. . setosa Schauer.
. ferruginea Schauer.
Moorei Maiden and Cambage
. dwmosa A. Cunn.
. torquata Luehmann. . amygdalina Labill,
. tadiata Sieber.
- numerosa Maiden.
j. nitida Hook. f
Plates 156-149. (Issued July, 1919.) PART XXXIX.
. Torelhana F.v.M.
. corymbosa Smith.
- intermedia R. T. Baker.
. patellaris F.v.M.
. celastroides Turczaninow. . gracilis F.v.M.
- transcontinentalis Maiden. . longicornis F.v.M.
- oleosa F.v.M.
- Flocktoniw Maiden.
. virgata Sieber.
. oreades R. T. Baker.
. obtusifiora DC.
. traxinoides Deane and Maiden.
Plates, 160-163. (Issued February, 1920.)
- &. . WE E.
nie j. ie . #.
PART XL.
terminalis F.v.M. dichromophloia F.v.M. pyrophora Benth. levopinea R. T. Baker. ligustrina DC.
stricta Sieber. grandis (Hill) Maiden.
Plates, 164-167. (Issued March, 1920.)
PART XLI.
latifolia ¥.v.M. Foelscheana F.v.M. Abergiana I .v.M. pachyphylla r. v.M. pyriformis Turczaninow,
var. Kings-
milli Maiden.
: a:
Oldfield F.v.M.
. Drummondii Benthan:,
eye
Plates, 168-171. (Issued June, 1920.)
PART XLII.
. eximia Schauer.
. peltata Bentham.
. Watsoniana F.v.M.
. trachyphloia F.v.M.
. hybrida Maiden.
. Kruseana F.v.M.
. Dawsom R. T. Baker. . polyanthemos Schauer. . Baueriana Schauer.
. conica Deane and Maiden. . concolor Schauer-
Plates, 172-175. (Issued August, 1920.
PART XLIII.
. ficifolia F.v.M.
. calophylla R.Br.
. hematozylon Maiden. . maculata - Mooreana (W. V. Witzgerald) Maiden, . approximans Maiden.
. Stowardi Maiden.
Hook.
Plates 1920.)
176-179. (Issued November,
PART XLIV.
. perfoliata R. Brown. . ptychocarpa F.v.M. . similis Maiden.
. lirata(W. V. Fitzgerald) Maiden, n.sp. . Baileyana F.v.M.
. Lane-Poolei Maiden. . Hwartiana Maiden. . Bakeri Maiden.
. Jacksoni Maiden.
. eremophila Maiden.
Plates, 180-182. (Issued february,
1927.) PART XLV.
. erythrocorys F.v.M.
. tetrodonta F.v.M.
. odontocarpa F.v.M.
J. capitellata Smith.
. Camfieldi Maiden.
- Blazlandi Maiden and Cambage.
. Normantonensis Maiden and Cambage
Plates, 184-187. (Issued April, 1921.)
PART XLVI.
. tetragona F.v.M.
. eudesmoides V.v.M.
. Lbbanoensis Maiden n.sp.
. Andrewsi Maiden.
i angophoroides R. T. Baker. 1,
. (dup. of 252) HZ. eremophila Maiden.
Kybeanensis Maiden & Cambage.
decipiens Wndl.
Plates. 188-191. (Issued May, 1921.)
INDEX OF PARTS PUBLISHED—ontinued.
PART XLVII.
. LH. Laseroni R. T. Baker.
266. HL. de Bewzeville: Maiden.
. HL. Mitchelli Cambage,
. BE, Brownii Maiden and Cambage.
. £, Cumbageana Maiden.
. LH. mumiata A. Cunn.
#. Woollsiana k. ‘Vv. Baker.
. EL. odorata Behr and Schlecht.
. E, hemiphloia F.v.M., var. Maiden.
42. H. bicolor A. Cunn.
270. EH. Pilligaensis Maiden.
271. L. Penrithensis Maiden.
112. E. meranthera F.v.M.
272. LH. notabilis Maiden.
273. 1. canaliculata Maiden.
Plates, 192-195. (Issued July, 1921.)
microcur pa
PART XLVI.
6i. H. paniculata Sm,
). decorticans sp. nov.
. Cullent R. H. Cambage.
. Beyeri R. T. Baker.
. globulus Labill.
i’. nova-anglica Deane and Maiden.
I. The Growing Tree.
Rate of growth. Natural afforestation. Increment curves The largest Australian trees. Plates 196-199. (Issued August, 1921.)
PART XLIX. . drepanophylla F.v.M. . leptophleba F.v.M. . Dalrympleana Maiden. . Hillii Maiden. . dichromophloia F.v.M.
re) S co lespesftshtsits}
I. The Growing Tree—continued.
Nanism. The flowering of Kucalypts while in the juvenile
leaf stage. Dominance or aggressiveness of certain species Natural grafts. Artificial grafts. lasciation. Tumours and galls. Protuberances of the stem. Abortive branches (prickly stems). Pendulous branches. Vertical growth of trees.
Plates, 200-203. (Issued September, 1921.)
PART L.
281. HL. Houseana (W. V. Fitzgerald) Maiden 282. Lf. Jutsoni Maiden.
283. LH. adjuncta Maiden. ’
1. #. pilularis Sm., var. pyriformis Maiden.
284. FB. pumila Cambage.
285. EH. rariflora F. M. Bailey.
286. H. Mundijongensis Maiden.
Il. The Bark (and Habit).
1. Barly references to Hucalyptus barks and early Eucalyptus vernaculars in general. 2. Wucalyptus bark classifications. O. Mallees, Marlocks, and other small species— (a) True Mallees. (bv) False Mallees. (c) Marlocks. Plates, 204-207 (Issued December, 1921.)
INDEX” OF PARTS. PUBLISHED—continued.
PART LI.
987. B. Sheathiana Maiden.
. H. striaticalyn W. V. iste aE taeniola Baker and Smith, Strickland: Maiden. ~
2 . wiialata Baker and. Sunith.
31. #. Planchomana I.v.M.
21. #. marginata Sm.
i. Irby: Baker and Smith. : Yarraensis Maiden and Cambage, u.sp
Te phe Bark (and Habit)—continued,
1. Lewophloie (Smooth-Barks or Gums). a ea (Half-barks). Rhytvphloie (Rough-barks). 5) . Pachyphloie (Stringybarks). - 5. Schizophlove (lronbarks). 6. Lepidophloie (Barks friable and lamellar).
_ Plates, 208-211. (Issued February, 1922,) pean PART LIL. 160, H. amplifolia Naudin. 292. x H, algeriensis Trabut. 293, x H. antipolitensis Trabut. 294. x H. Bourlieri Trabut. 295. x H. Cordieri Trabut. 296. x H. gomphocornuta Trabut. 297. x H. jugalis Naudin. BH. occidentalis Wndl., var. orunensis Trabut.
x E. pseudo-globulus (Hort.) Naudin. 299. x #. Trabuti Vilmorin.
E. Stuartiana x globulus Trabut. 300. x H, Insizwaensis Maiden n.sp.
il. The Bark—concluded.
3. Classification of Trees in General by Means of their Barks. 4, Variation in Barks of the same Species. 5. Bark in Relation to Heat and Cold. 6. Adventitious Shoots.
7. Ringbarking.
8. Coppice-growth (suckering).
9. Twist in Bark. Bark Repair.
hb Aiidrosonnia Characters of Bark.
12. Calcium Oxalate.
13. Tannin.
14, Oil in Bark. 15. Fibre in Bark.
16. Colour of Inner Bark.
17. Colour of Outer Bark.
Plates, 212-215. (Issued April, 1922.
PART LIIi.
301. x FH. Barmedmanensis Maiden u.sp. 302. x H, Tenandrensis Maiden u.sp. 303. x H. Peacockeana Maiden n.sp. 304. x H. Stopfordi Maiden n.sp.
305, x HW. Forsythii Maiden n.sp.
306. x HE. Auburnensis Maiden usp, 307. x H. Yagobiei Maiden n.sp.
. Blackburniana Maiden.
. Studleyensis Maiden n.sp.
I. Timber.
Historical.—WHarly Attempts at Classification. Modern Systems of Classification. Colours.
Plates, 216-219 (Issued May, 1922.)
PART LIV. 310. #. Melntyrensis u.sp. 311. LH. Pluti McCoy.
312. / Kayseri R. M. Jobuston.
218. HW. Milligani R. M, Johnston.
314, HW. Delftii Witingshausen.
315. H. Diemenii Wttingshausen.
316. H. Hayi Ettingshausen.
317, . Houtmanni Wttingshausen.
318, H. Mitchel Ettingshausen.
5 . cretacea Wttingshausen.
. Davidsom Httingshausen.
J, Oxleyana Httingshausen.
. scoliophylla Wttingshausen.
. Warraghiang Wttingshausen,
. praecoriacea Deane.
7. Hermani Deane
. Howitti Deane.
i}. Kitsoni Deane.
. Suttoni formerly H. Muelleri Deane. . Chapmanit formerly H. Woollsii Deane.
Ii. Timber—concluded.
Microscopie Structure. Crystals Oxalate).
A Warning Note in regard to Undue Reliance
(Calcium
on Microscopic Structure for Diagnostic Purposes. Paper Pulp. Heart-wood and Sap-wood. Seasoning.
Specific Gravity. Hardness.
Vissility and Interlockedness.
Destructive Distillation. Ash. Plates, 220-223. (Issued July, 1922.)
Inflammability.
PART LY.
Fossil Plants Attributed to Hucalyptus. A.—H. oceanica Unger. B.—E. Haeringiana Wttingshausen. C.—EH. Aegea Unger. D.—Myrtophyllum
(Hucalyptus 2) Geinitzi
Heer.
K.—Myrtophyllum 2) Sehubleri Heer.
I.—_K. sibtrica Heer.
G.—E. (?) americana Lesgx.
H.—E. borealis Heer.
I.—#. angusta Velenovsky.
J —H. dubia Ettingshausen.
KB. dakotensis liesquereux.
I . Gouldii Ward.
(Lucalyptus
i. proto-Geinitzi Saporta.
Noes Choffati Saporta
O.—E. (?%) attenuata Newberry. P.—H. (2) angustifolia Newberry. Q.—E. (7?) nervosa Newberry. R.—E. (2) parvifolia Newberry. S.—E. latifolia Hollick.
—H. Wardiana Berry. Myreia havanensis Berry.
IV. The Root. Adventitious Roots.
V. Exudates. a. (inos. b. Mannas.
Plates, 224-227. (Issued August, 1922.)
330. DB. 331. H. 332, H, 68, Z. doe, If. 24... 22. H. 41, Hi. 213. #. 334. Li, 335, FH,
146. H.
A.—Juvenile Leaf.
336, Hf. 337. H. 23. H. 200. #. 338. HE. 339. H. 240. H, 134. H.
B.——The
341. H. 212. Hi. 342. H.
343. H. B
344. H. 345. KH. 107. H. 346- H. 43. EH. SAT. Hi. 348, H.
A.—Its Branching. Plates, 236- 239, (Issued repre 1923.
54, Hi. 53. H. 139. EH. 211. #. 152, H.
major n. var.
35. H. haemastoma Sin. 349. FB. micrantha DC. 350. H. Shiressii Maiden and Blakely, m.8p, 351, #. erucis, usp, oi 212. H. Flocktonie Maiden, a! VII. Inflorescence (in part)—continued. ‘ De aeeenm. Auther. Gynoecium, Ovary, oC : i Plates, 240-243. (Issued April, 1923.) { ‘a PART LX. VII. The Fruit. Historical, Capsule. Valves. Rim,
Plates, 244-247.
PART LVI.
Jenseni n,Sp. Umbrawarrensis a.sp. leptophylla w.y.M. uncinata Turez, a angustd DSP. oe marginata Sm. ay buprestium F.y.M, + aS | Bosistoana ¥.v.M. ae altior (Deane and Maiden) Maidan: 3 conglobutu (R.Br.), Maiden. utr angulosa Schauer, | Johnstoni D.Sp. So
VI.. The Leaf. a Historical. Morphologica 1, Plates, 228-231. (Issued Peptembed
1922.)
PART LVII. 7 dgglomerata Maiden. ae Simmondsii n.sp. ‘ sepulcralis F.vy.M. torquata Luchmann.
Kalganensis n.sp. q melanoxylon, n.sp. RS Isingiana n.sp. fs agygregata Deane and Maiden,
VI. The Leaf—concluded. i if
43 Mature Leaf. Historical—Venatio: (chiefly). Hee
Plates, 239-235. (Issued January, 1923, )
PART LVI.
collina W. V. Bitagerald, n.sp. a Flocktonie Maiden. 4 Shirleyi n.sp. i ummeryi 1.Sp. Herbertiana n.sp. Comite-Vallis u.sp longifolia Link aha Otto. citriodora Hooker. hemiphloia B.v.M. microcurpa N.sp.
albens Miquel,
VII. Inflorescence. Historical. Operculum, &¢.
PART LIX. : oe | pruinosa Schauer. ~- Va a melanophloia F.y.M . & Gunnu Hook, t. ; 3 longicornis, Try. M. a
propinqua, Deane and Maiden,
(Issued, June, 1928.)
‘A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS~
BY
ee MAIDEN 150, PRS, PLS.
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney),
Weer lie art. 2
Part OE iesiccre woe. | 3
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
PRICE THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE. Rue
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Sonney : ALFRED JAMES KENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
#13639 1924.
INDEX OF PARTS PUBLISHED.
PART IL. 1. E. pilwaris Sm., and var. Muelleriana Maiden. Plates, 1-4. (Issued March, 1903.) PART Il. 2. H. obliqua L’ Heéritier. Plates, 5-8. (Issued May, 1903.) PART Ill. 3. H. calycogona Turczaninow.
xNS mits
Plates, 9-12. (Issued July, 1903.) PART IV.
. wncrassata Labillardiére. . fecunda Schauer.
Plates, 13-24. (Issued June, 1904.) PART VY.
. stellulata Sieber. . coriacea A. Cunn. . coccifera Hook. f.
Plates, 25-28. (Issued November, 1904.) PART VI.
. amygdalina Labillardiére. . linearis Dehnhardt. . Itisdon Hook. f
Plates, 29-32. (Issued April, 1905.)
PART VII.
. regnans F.v.M. 13. E.
vitellina Naudin, and E. vitrea R. VY.
Baker.
ld. EH.
15. H.
16. L.
te . . 6 . Sa SER SRBES
% bs
% pity itytats Sibi tet
is i ao
dives Schauer.
Andrewsi Maiden.
diversifolia Bonpland.
Plates, 33-386. (Issued October, 1905.)
PART VIII.
. capitellata Sm.
. Muelleriana Howitt.
. macrorrhyncha F.v.M. . eugenioides Sieber.
. marginata Sm.
. buprestium F.v.M.
. sepulcralis F.v.M.
Plates, 37-40. (Issued March, PART IX.
1907.)
. alpina Lind).
. mecrocorys F.v.M.
. acmenioides Schauer.
. umbra R. T. Baker.
. virgata Siebr.
. apiculata Baker and Smith. . Luehmanmana F.v.M
. Planchoniana ¥.v.M.
Plates. 41-44. PART X.
(Issned November. 1907
. prperita Sm. . Sieberiana F.v.M.
Consideniana Maiden. hemastoma Sm.
siderophloia Benth.
Boormani Deane and Maiden.
. leptophleba F.v.M . Behriana ¥.v.M. . populifolia Hook.
Bowmani F.v.M. (Doubtful species.) Plates, 45-48. (Issued December, 1908.)
PART XI. Bosistoana F.v.M.
. bicolor A. Cunn.
hemiphloia F.v.M.
. odorata Behr and Schlechtendal. . An Ironbark Bog.
fruticetorum F.v.M.
. acacioides A. Cunn.
Thozetiana F.v.M.
. ochrophloia F.v.M. . microtheca F.v.M.
Plates, 49-52. (Issued February, 1910.)
panne
putytytytyty
&
See ae hhh&
PART XII.
. Raveretiana V.v.M. . crebra ¥.v.M.
. Staigeriana V.v.M. . melanophloia ¥.v.M. - pruinosa Schauer. .Smithu RK. 'T. . Naudiniana ¥.v.M.
. siderozylon A, Cunn. . leucozylon F.v.M.
. Caleyi Maiden.
Baker.
Plates, 538-56. (Issued November, 1910.)
PART XIII.
. affinis Deane and Maiden. . paniculata Sm.
. polyanthemos Schauer.
. hudderi Maiden.
. Baueriana Schauer.
. cneorifolia DC.
Plates, 57-60. (Issued July, 1911.)
PART XIV.
. melliodora A. Cunn.
. fasciculosa ¥.v.M.
. uncinata Turezaninow. . decipiens Endl.
. concolor Schauer,
. Cléeziana IV.v.M.
oligantha Schauer. Plates, 61-64. (Issued March, 1912.)
PART XY.
. oleosa F.v.M. . Gilli Maiden. . falcata Turez.
Plates, 65-68.
PART XVI. oleosa F.v.M., var. Flocktoniw Maiden
(Issued July,-1912.)
. Le Souefii Maiden.
. Clelandi Maiden.
. decurva F.v.M.
. doratozylon F.v.M.
. corrugata Luehmann.
goniantha Turcz. Stricklandi Maiden. Campaspe S. le M. Moore. diptera Andrews. Griffithsii Maiden.
grossa F.v.M.
Pimpiniana Maiden.
. Woodwardi Maiden.
Plates, 69-72.
PART XVII. salmonophloia F.v.M.
(Issued September, 1912.)
. leptopoda Bentham.
squamosa Deane and Maiden.
Oldfieldii F.v.M.
orbifolia F.v.M.
pyriformis Turezaninow.
Plates, 73-76. (Issued February, 1913.)
PART XVIII.
macrocarpa Hook. Preissiana Schauer.
. megacarpa F.v.M.
. globulus Labillardiére. . Maideni F.v.M.
. urnigera Hook, f.
Plates, 77-80. (Issued July, 1913.)
PART XIX.
. goniocalyx F.v.M.
E. nitens Maiden.
. eleophora F.v.M, . cordata Labill. . angustissima F.v.M.
Plates, 81-84. (Issued December, 1913.)
. longifolia Link and Otto. |. Guilfoyler Maiden. . patens Bentham,
}. Lodtiana V.v.M.
, micrantheru |I'.v.M.
REESE
. cinerea F.v.M.
. pulverulenta Sims.
Hi. cosmophylla ¥.v.M.
. gomphocephala A. P. DC.
. erythronema Turez. . acacieformis Deane & Maiden. . pallidifolia F.v.M. . cesia Benth.
. tetraptera Turcz. . Forrestiana Diels. . mimata A. Cunn. . phenicea ¥.v.M.
. robusta Smith. . botryoides Smith, . saligna Smith,
. Deanet Maiden.
. Dunn Maiden.
. Stuartiana F.v.M. . Banksii Maiden.
. quadrangulata Deane and Maid
. Macarthuri Deane and Maiden, | . aggregata Deane and Maiden. . parvifolia Cambage. . alba Reinwardt.
. Perriniana F.v.M. . Gunnii Hook £. . rubida Deane ema Maiden.
. maculosa R. T. Baker. . precoz Maiden.
. ovata Labill.
. neglecta Maiden.
7. vernicosa Hook f.
/, Muelleri 'l'. B. Moore. . Kitsoniana (J. G. uehmann) 3 . viminalis Labillardiére.
. Baeuerleni F.v.M. . scoparia Maiden.
. punctata DC.
. resinifera Sm. . pellita F.v.M. . brachyandra F.v.M.
PART XX. gigantea Hook. f.
diversicolor I’.v.M.
Plates, 85-58. (Issued March. ]| PART XXI. &
Plates, 89-92. (Issued March, ] PART XXII.
Plates, 98-06. (Issued April, 19 PART XXIII.
Plates, 97-100. (Issued July, 1!
PART XXIV.
Plates, 100 bis-103.
(Issued No 1915.)
PART XXV.
Plates, (Issued Fel
1916.) PART XXVI.
104-107.
Plates, 108-111. (Issued April, | PART XXVII.
Plates, 112-115. (Issued July, 1 PART XXVIII. i
116-119.
Plates, (Issued De 1916.)
PART XXIX.
Benthami Maiden and esau propinqua Deane and Maiden.
Kirtoniana F.v.M. Plates, 120-123. 1917.)
PART XXX.
(Issued
Plates, 124-127. (Issued April,
A@ @RiTiCAL) INEVISION OF THE
GENUS a UGAILYVETUS
BY
eet VEAEDINGS SIO.) Ekess iets:
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
Wore \ Re barn 2: AGEN eos Part LXII of the Complete Work. | 2633 14
sus uoiw0o8 0 (WITH FOUR PLATES.) —_
** Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, -to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great - disadvantages, and
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.” Macauray’s “Essay ON MILTON.”
PRICE THREE SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES,’
Sopnev ; ALFRED JAMES KENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
*13639—A 1924.
CCCLV. Eucalyptus Gardneri nsp.
PAGE, Description ‘ 3 : : : : : : ; : Tee 53 Range. : ‘ : : : : : : A : , 54! Affinities. : ° . . ° ° ° : . . =. 54 CCCLVI. Eucalyptus astringens nsp. ISSA TOD, Bae AV Ae han i MEE PR nk aeons OIE I Synonym . : : : : : C : : : : 50 Range. : . a ; : ra : : : 2 pes (6) Affinities . 5 . 2 : ° . : : : . By) CCCLVIT. Eucalyptus Sargenti n.sp. Deseription . : : : : : é . : é sne5o Range. : ¢ : : : : : : : é 58 Affinities . : : : : F : : é : : 5 Fe) XI. Eucalyptus Risdoni Hook. f., var. elata Benth. Synonym 4 é : : 5 : é : 4 Oo)
x CCCLVIL. Eucalt spss Chisholmi Maiden and ae ILS).
Description . : ; : 61 Range : 2 4 : : : : : : : : OL Affinities . : : ; : : 4 A : : ; OZ
x CCCLIX. Eucalyptus Taylori n.sp.
Description : - ; : : : : : = A oe 03 Range. ; 3 : A A 3 5 é S : : wan sO3 Affinities . . c ; : s : : E é 4 5 or
[XXIT, Eucalyptus oleosa F.v.M. 6 0S)
CCVI. Eucalyptus intermedia RX. T. Baker.
Range. , ; 6 ; : : 3
CCCLX. Eucalyptus Nowraensis n.so, Description : . 3 : : : : ; Range.
Affinities
Explanation of Plates (252-2855)
PAGE.
66
68 68 69
. 70-80
DESCRIPTION.
CCCLV. E. Gardneri n.sp,
ARBOR GRACILIS, 20-30’ alta, “ Blue-leaf Mallet” nota; cortice tenui, astringenti ligno, dilute-fusco, denso; foliis maturis petiolatis crassiusculis rigidis, cyaneo-viridibus, lanceolatis paulum falcatis, venis indistinctis, venis lateralibus tenuissimis ex costa media 45° orientibus; nulla vena peripherica distincta ; inflorescentiz pedunclo longo, applanato, umbellas 6-7 flores in brevibus pedicellis ferentibus; alabastris ante maturitatem elongatis, teretibus, gracilibus; fructibus elongatis pyriformibus vel cylindraceis, paulum incinctis orificio, margine distincta, valvarum apicibus ex orificio non exsertis.
A tree of slender habit, about 20-30 feet, not much branched, the trunk slender, and both it and the branches erect, the foliage throughout of a bluish-green cast, hence the name “ Blue-leaf Mallet.” Bark fairly thick, decorticating in small thin flakes, silver-grey to silver-brown, very astringent. Timber light-coloured, dense.
Juvenile leaves shortly petiolate, moderately thick, ovate, lateral veins moderately distinct and nearly parallel, with intermediate ones less distinct and more or less parallel. The lateral veins making an angle of 45-60 degrees with the midrib. Intramarginal vein well removed from the edge.
Mature leaves petiolate, rather thick and rigid, of a glaucous or bluish-green when fresh. In fact they are the identical colour of the dried specimens—more blue than green. Equally green on both sides, lanceolate, slightly falcate, about 9 cm. long by 2 cm. in greatest width; venation inconspicuous, the very fine lateral veins making an angle of about 45 degrees with the midrib. Intramarginal vein well removed from the edge.
Inflorescence, a long flattened peduncle supporting umbels of 6-10 flowers, the pedicels short and nearly terete. Buds (not seen ripe) elongated, about 2 cm. long, terete, slender, slightly tapering to a sharp point which is sometimes hooked. Filaments yellowish, anthers (a little immature), long, with gland at the back, opening in lateral slits; versatile. Style slightly protruding from the calyx-tube, stigma not dilated.
Fruits elongated pear-shaped, or cylindroid, 12 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, tapering though not imperceptibly, into the pedicels, slightly constricted at the orifice, with a distinct rim; the tips of the valves flush with the orifice. The surface of the calyx-tube pitted all over, presumably the result of contraction in drying. Floral disc (or discal lining) very obscure, forming a very thin reddish lining to the inside of the calyx-tube. Capsular disc fused to the staminal ring, forming a slightly thickened ring around the top of the capsule.
Near Bendering (257 miles from Perth, on the Narrogin-Narembeen linc), Western Australia, in gravelly loam on rising ground, forming thicket-like growths with Z. astringens (C. A. Gardner, No. 1239, 6th February, 1922). This interesting species is named in honor of Charles Austin Gardner, of the staff of the Conservator of Forests of Western Australia. He has done much to elucidate this species and has done admirable botanical work.
« A scrubby form (mallee) of this species is common on the plains to the north of the Stirling Range. It attains a height of 3-4 feet, with spreading stems, otherwise typical. My Wagin specimens, collected in 1920, show the style to be as long as the filaments, also the valves to be slightly exserted (in the Bendering specimens they are level with the top of the capsule).” (Gardner.)
54
RANGE.
Confined to Western Australia so far as we ‘know at present. Its range may be stated as Lake Yearlering eastwards beyond Kondinin, westwards to some distance on the Great Southern Railway, and southwards to Katanning. (C. A. Gardner.)
Four miles north of Wagin, on laterite ridges and hills, either among E. vedunca var. data and H. longicornis, with a scattered undergrowth of Ozylobvum parviflorum and Gastrolobium spinosum, or forming dense thicket-like grows with #. astringens. (C. A. Gardner, No. 509, 15th June 1920.)
AFFINITIES.
1. With £. redunca Schauer var. elata Benth. The blue cast of the foliage readily separates H. Gardnert from EH. vedunca var. elata, the ““ Wandoo.” At the same time (compare Plate 140, Part XXXIV). The Wandoo is a larger tree, with thicker, less astringent bark. The buds and fruits of the new species and of the variety have a good deal in common.
With EF. astringens Maiden.
The “ Blue-leaf Mallet” (#. Gardnerz) closely resembles the “‘ Brown Mallet ” (E. astringens) in appearance, but the bark is slightly thinner, but also of a colder, brownish-grey. The decorticating flakes of bark are also much smaller,and the fresh bark lacks the warmth of colour so characteristic of the Brown Mallet. (C. A. Gardner.) It can readily be distinguished by its glaucous foliage.
DESCRIPTION. CCCLVI. EF. astringens nsp.
ARBOR erecta, cortice levi, “Brown Mallet ” vocata; cortice déciduo ih sttatis secedente maculas fete albas relinquente, astringente et plus minus “ kino” continente; foliis juvenilibus glaucis, crassiusculis, petiolatis, oblongis vel ovato-cordatis vena peripherica a margine distincte remota; foliis maturis crassius- culis petiolatis concoloribus, lanceolatis, paulum falcatis, non magnis, venis lateralibus fere parallelis et ex costa 35-40° orientibus ; inflorescentize pedunculis longis, umbellis circiter 7 floris in brevibus pedicellis, operculo terete cylindroideo, calycis tubum duplo xquilongd; calycis tubo levi vel cum duabus costis; antheris Cornutis similibus, filamentis glandulosis; fructibts fére hemisphericis vel ovoideis, leniter urceolatis, circiter 6-9 mm. longis 5 mm, diametro, valvis paulum recurvatis, distincte exsertis.
A smooth-barked tree of from 40-60 feet high, and erect in habit; trunk 2 + feet in diameter, often slightly angular or fluted (C. A. Gardner). The bark in course of time cracks and dikes away, leaving smooth, almost white patches. It usually contains a more or less well-defined layer of friable brown kino, contributing to the astringency of the bark and to the name “ Brown Mallet” for the tree. Timber tough, pale-brown and dense.
Juvenile leayes of a deep green or only slightly glaucous, thickish, petiolate, oblong to ovate- cordate, lateral veins spreading, making an angle of about 40- 50 degrees with the midrib, the intramarginal vein considerably removed from the edge.
Mature leayes rather thick, petiolate, equally green on both sides, lanceolate, slightly faleate, not large, say 8 to 12 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. broad, venation inconspicuous, the Tavera veins roughly paretie and making an angle of about 35-40 degrees with the midrib; the intramarginal vein close to the edge.
Inflorescenée.—Peduncles long and from rather narrow to rather broad and widening under the umbel, which consists of about seven flowers on short, nearly terete but sometimes flattened pedicels, the operculum twice as long as the calyx-tube, terete and cylindroid im shape, with a slight constriction about the middle; separated by a well-defined commisural line from a sub-cylindtoid to conoid calyx-tube,
which is smooth or with two or more ridges; anther the usual shape of those of the Cormuts; filaments glandular. Style protruding beyond the calyx-tube to a distance more than équal to the length of thie latter, and with a slightly enlarged stigma.
Fruit nearly hemispherical to ovoid and slightly urceolate, not tapering gradually into the pedicel, 6 to 9 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, rim well defined, and with well-exsert, somewhat recurved. valves. Floral dise forming a narrow dark carnose band around the top of the ovary, but quite free from it. Capsular dise forming a thin dark band around the inner rim of the capsule and slightly exceeding the staminal ring, which is thicker than the capsular disc. The lines indicating the calyx rim, staminal ring, and the disc can be seen with the aid of a lens on the top of the capsule.
The type is Broome Hill, Western Australia (J.H.M., December, 1909). Illustrations. —Plate 149, figs. 3a-3f (Part XXXVJ), depict the type, and m
conjunction vot figs. 2 and 5, seem to render any further figures unnecessary at this place.
(Figs.¥4a-4¢ are from Meare’s Lake, and belong to HL. Sargent, n.sp. described at p. 58.)
56
As regards leaves, specimens of this species afford illustrations of Diels’s Law, and of the varying shapes of intermediate leaves.
Mallet Scrub.—At Part XXXVI, p. 141, 1 have referred to the dense, heath-like scrub which goes under the above name. I examined a good deal of it on the Kalgan Plains, and figured it at figs. la-lg, Plate 149. In that Part I look upon it as a depauperate form of #. occidentalis. I am now inclined to think that it may be a depauperate form of #. astringens, and invite the attention of our Western Australian friends to the subject. Mr. Gardner informs me that there is a scrubby form at Tambellup, in sandy soil, which is a low form of £.astringens and not of L. occidentalis.
SYNONYM.
E. occidentalis Endl., var. astringens Maiden, in Journ. W.A. Nat. Hist. Soc., il, 186 (1911). Reproduced at Part XXXVI, p. 142, of the present work.
RANGE.
It is confined to south-western Western Australia. Specific localities have been dealt with in Part XXXVI, pp. 144, 145, and especially at p. 146.
A general statement as to Range will be found in the top paragraph of p. 144,
and this may be compared with the statements of Mr. C. A. Gardner :-- “Southwards from Pingelly on the Great Southern Railway to beyond Tambellup and Gnowangerup, eastwards to beyond Lake Grace and Bendering, and westwards to the vicinity of Dwarda and Arthur River (Albany Road). In the northern localities the species is confined to the laterite caps and slopes of hills. Towards the south it descends to the loam flats, but usually where laterite is present inthe soil. At Wagin, which is about the centre of the Mallet areas, the trees are very common, and some
have been seen growing in a granite soil.” (9th February, 1922, and 7th February, 1923.)
Wickepin, 27th November, 1916 (Mr. F. M. C. Schock, on behalf of the Forest Department, Western Australia); Wagin, in laterite, on rising ground. (C. A. Gardner, No. 1223.)
Owing to the demand for the bark of this species, Mr. Gardner points out that it is “now rarely seen in a mature state.” Mr. Gardner tells me that the eastern limit of E. astringens and EL. Gardneri is not known. “ It has been suggested by Mr. Schock as some distance east of Kondinin, but, owing to the comparative scarcity of either species in the Kondinin district, I am inclmed to think that they do not extend much further east than: that station.”
The specimens from near Meare’s Lake (O. H. Sargent, No. 707), referred to in detail at Part XXXVI, p. 146, belong to #. Sargenti, n.sp., see p. 58.
57
APEINITIES.
1. With F. occidentalis Endl.
This is “ Swamp Yate” or “ Black Mallet,” and is said by H. Salt to contain 20-26 per cent. of tans. There is not a great deal of difference in the shape of the fruits in £. occidentalis and EF. astringens. The buds of the latter are more slender while the fruits of £. occidentalis are more rigid, and have more exserted valves.
2. With FE. Gardneri, n.sp. See p. 53.
It differs from £. Gardnevi m the smaller and narrower juvenile leaves, smaller buds and fruits. The adult foliage seems to be constantly narrower and not by any means blue, indeed contrasting with the bluish leaves of £. Gardneri, while there is some difference in the bark, as already idicated, but we require more field-notes of
this and allied species. 3. With F. Sargenti, n.sp. See p. 58.
Some of the smaller fruits appear to run into H. Sargenti. Hxceptionally E. astringens has fruits as large.
§8
DESCRIPTION. CCCLVIT. E. Sargenti. 0,sp.
ARBOR MEDIOCRIS, cortice lmvi astringentissimo, extremitate plus minus in duris laminis secedendente ; foliis maturis petiolatis, lineayi-lanceolatis, tenuioribus, vers tennihus et indistinctis, venis lateralibus fere parallelis ex costa 15-20° orientibus; inflorescentia decumbente, pedunculo longo tenue umbellam 6-7 floram ferente; pedicellis brevibus teretibus; operculo terete erecto vel cornu simili, calycis tubum cylindricum levem duplo excedentibus; antheris Cornutis similihus; fructibus fere hemisphericis vel conoideo-cylindroideis levibus circiter 8 mm, longis 5 mm, diametro, capsule valvis subulatis et distincte exsertis.
A tree of medinm size, bark smooth and very astringent, more or less hard-flaky at the butt. Timber unknown.
Juvenile leayes thin, linear lanceolate, venation fine and not distinct (but not seen perfectly characteristic).
Mature leaves petiolate, narrow-lanceolate, rather thin, equally green on both sides, venation fine and not distinct, the lateral veins nearly parallel, and making an angle of about 15-80 degrees with the midrib. Intramarginal vein distinct from the edge.
Inflerescence decumbent, with a long, thin, nearly terete peduncle supporting an umbel of 6-7 flowers, the pedicels short and terete, and somewhat abruptly tapering into the calyx-tuke. The operculum thin, terete, straight or shaped like a horn, twice the length of the calyx-tube, which is cylindroid and smooth. The anthers the usual shape of those of the Cornute, but somewhat small.
Fruit nearly hemispherical to conoid-cylindrical, smooth, about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. in diameter, the calyx-tube tapering somewhat abruptly into terete pedicels of about its own length, rim thin but distinct, the tips of the capsule awl-like and well exserted. Floral disc dark coloured, attached to the base of the calyx-tube, projecting slightly over the top of the conical ovary. Capsular disc forming a small dark ring around the inner rim of the capsule and more or less fused to the considerably thickened staminal ring, which does not exceed the calyx rim.
Type: Meare’s Lake, County Peak, Beverley, Western Australia, O. H. Sargent, No. 707.
In honour of Oswald Hewlett Sargent, of York, Western Australia, who first supplied me with specimens, and who is well known for his researches on the flora of Western Australia.
RANGE.
Confined to Western Australia, so far as we know at present. The type is from near Meare’s Lake, County Peak, Beverley, about 45 miles from York. (H. H. St. Barbe More, O. H. Sargent, No. 707.) Mr. Sargent says that it grows only in the bed of the Salt Water River, and that it was stripped for tanning purposes all along this river.
59
AFFINITIES,
The history of some specimens may be convenient at this place.
A. E. redunca Schauer var. angustifolia Benth (B.FIl. iii, 258). This consists of three plants :—
(a) E. xanthonema Turez: See Part LXI, p. 5.
(6) Drummond’s 5th Coll. No. 187 (1849). These specimens consist of mature leaves, buds and flowers, and display a good deal of similarity to E. Sargentz, but the leaves appear to be smaller.
(c) “South side of Stirling Range (s) and eastward to Phillips Ranges (Maxwell) ” T have not seen these specimens, and would invite attention to the fact that E. occidentalis Endl. var. oxymitra Diels comes fromthe Phillips River, in the same general district. .
B. E. occidentalis Endl. var. oxymitra Diels
Oxus, sharp, mitra, a mitre (applied to the calyptra in certain mosses), hence, as applied to Eucalyptus, a sharp or pointed operculum. Specimens from “ Phillips River in Eucalyptus scrubs in sandy places” (Dr. L. Diels, No. 4885) have been distributed by Dr. Diels under the above name, but I cannot trace any published description of the reputed variety. (See Part XXXIV, p. 93.)
Figured under £. redunca var. oxymitra at figs. 5a, 5b, Plate 141. See a translation by Drs. Diels and Pritzel on #. occidentalis var. oxynutra Diels, and its affinity to E. redunca at Part XXXVI, p. 150 (top of page).
C. £. redunca Schauer var. oxymitra Maiden, var. nov.
Broad Arrow, Western Australia (R. Helms, No. 102). (See Part XXXIV, p- 98.) Figured at figs. 4a, 4b, 4c, Plate 141.
My action in making 2. redunca var. oxymitra Maiden in part only, and not wholly, a synonym of £. occidentalis var., orymitra Diels, is, however, calculated to cause some confusion. I took this action because the material of H. occadentalis var. ozymitra Diels ia my possession is poor, and I could not satisfactorily describe it, nor obtain additional material of it for distribution.
1, With Z#. redunea Schauer var. elata Benth.
E. Sargenti has narrower juvenile leaves in comparison with the apparently broad ones of those of L.. redunca var. elata. Compare the drawings of H. Sargente (figs. 4a, 4b, 4c, Plate 149, under Z. occidentalis var. astringens) with those of E.redunca var. data in Plate 140. The leaves of the former are thinner and more graceful, while the fruits are smaller and with well-exserted valves.
60 2. With FE. astringens Maiden.
E. Sargenti was included in LE. occidentalis Endl. var. astringens Maiden(in part), in Part XXXVI, p. 146, ‘‘ Grows only in bed of Salt River . . . Great Southern Railway.” Figured at 4a, 4b, 4c, Plate 149. Some of the differences from E. astringens have been already indicated at p. 54.
E. astringens has affinity with £. Sargent: in the disc.
3. With EF. Gardneri Maiden.
The principal differences between H. Sargenti and this species may be said to consist in the distinctly blue foliage of the latter. See also L. Gardneri.
XI. &. Risdont Hook. f., var. elata Benth. SYNONYM.
E. hypericijolia R. Br. See Part VI, p. 173, 1905 (“* Notes on the Synonyms ”’), where I state the conclusion: “ I cannot separate any specimens (of E£. hypericifolia) I have seen, from HL. Risdoni or its var. elata.”
In his paper, ““ Notes on Lucalyptus Risdont Hooker,” by L. Rodway (Pap. and Proc., Roy. Soc., Tas., 367,1910), the species or variety hypericifolia is dealt with. Mr. Rodway provisionally refers four forms (a, b, c, d) to it, and figures form ¢ (upper portion of Plate XI) and form d (lower portion of Plate XII), together with first year seedling of form d (upper portion of Plate XI), second year seedling of form d (lower _ portion of Plate X), third year seedling of form d (upper portion of Plate X).
In his 1917 paper (op. cit.) on “* Tasmanian Eucalypts,” p. 18, he states that E. hypericifolia is “ Cabbage Gum,” and that the juvenile leaves differ from those of E. Risdoni in being more lanceolate and long.
In spite of the caution inculcated by me (op. cit., 87, 1918), after further con- sideration I do not see how they can be kept apart. Through the kindness of Dr. A. B. Rendle, F.R.S. (British Museum, Botany), I have received a specimen of the juvenile leaves of E. hypericifolia R. Br. (type), and it is figured at fig. 8, Plate 254. The original was labelled “ Hucalyptus hypericifolia R. Br., in coll. saxos prope Risdon Cove, R. Brown.” It was subsequently given the number ‘4789.
61
DESC RIPLION. x CCCLVIL, EF. Chisholmi Maiden and Blakely, n.sp.
Assumed parents—E. piperita Sm., and EF. micrantha DC.
A SOLITARY TREE, about 50 feet high and from 18 to 20 inches through at the butt, which extends to 9 feet and then throws out three or four branches.. The stem from the ground to 9 feet above, where it branches, is covered w-th rough fibrous bark, as in typi al Z. piperita, the limbs immediately above this being smooth, creamy-white with blue m:ttlings, like those of typical H. micrantha. Timber very similar to that of EZ. piperita in colour, but it has the very short grain and brittle fracture of that of HZ. micrantha.
Juvenile leayes,—The youngest juvenile leaves available are from a- branch about 15 feet up. They are narrow-lanceolate, rather pale and inclined to be glaucous, and somewhat similar to those of E. micrantha. They appear to be intermediate.
Mature leaves_—These also resemble those of H. micrantha, and are glabrous, narrow lanceolate- falcate, without the strong peppermint odour of LZ. piperita. The dimensions of an average leaf may be sivenas 11 by 13 cm. (4$ by 3 inch). The secondary veins are fairly prominent, spreading, and make an angle of 10 to 25 degrees with the midrib. The intramarginal vein is close to the edge.
Inflorescence axdlary, the peduncle short or about 1 cm. long, semi-terete, bearing an umbel of 7-9 slender clavate buds, the operculum acute, scarcely half the length of the calyx-tube; pedicels
slender, about 3 mm. long or about as long as the calyx.
Fruits in shape approaching 2. piperita more closely than those of £. micrantha. Somewhat globular, thi-k and shining, with a small orifice, but not urceolate, showing resemblance to £. Moorei and to EB. Mitchelliana; somewhat barrel-shaped, about 6 mm. in diameter.
Both the supposed parents are common in the district, but no other example could be found which showed resemblance to the supposed parents. £2. micrantha is common on, the hills and on the flats.
The type is No. 265, Dr. Edwin Claude Chisholm, then of Marrangaroo, 102 miles west of Sydney, on the Great Western Railway (May, 1922). The name proposed for this hybrid species is a testimony to the excellent critical work that Dr. Chisholm has accomplished in regard to the Eucalypts (and other genera) of the Marrangaroo district and the Blue Mountains.
RANGE.
So far this has only been found in New South Wales, and in the one locality, viz., “ Marrangaroo, growing on top of a ridge between 500 and 600 feet above the surrounding level. In its immediate vicinity are found E. piperita, EH. micrantha, E. Sieberiana and E. eugenioides.” (KK. C. Chisholm.)
62
AFFINITIES. 1 and 2. With £. piperita Sm., and EF. micrantha DC.
“ T cohsider the trunk as of the 2. piperita type, while the limbs, leaves, and to a less extent the fruit, that of the E. micraniha type.” (KH. C. Chisholm.)
This matter has already ‘been discussed. The plant should have a name, and éthet specimens should be sought for, for it obviously differs in a marked manner from either of the species mentioned.
DESCRIPTION. x COCLIX. FE. Taylor: LSP.
Assumed parents—EF. erebra F.v.M., and FE. conica Deane and Maiden.
A TREE of medium size, usually 60 to 80 feet high, with a diameter of 14 to 24 feet. Bark of trunkrough, “half Ironbark, half Box, but more Box-like on the branches,” the branches, say, about 1 inch in diameter nearly smooth, the timber pale reddish, hard and heavy.
Juvenile leaves thickish, sub-glaucous on both sides, the lower ones very shortly petiolate, the upper ones with slightly longer petioles, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse to shortly acute, 3 to 6 cm. long, 1-5 to 2 em. broad, with slightly undulate margins, the intramarginal vein somewhat distant from the edge, the secondary veins very fine, making an angle of 830-40 degrees with the midrib; the midrib reddish and more prominent underneath.
Mature leaves thin, petiolate, narrow-lanceolate to falcate-lanceolate, sometimes tapering into a long point, 10 to 12 cm. long, | to 2 cm. broad, the intramarginal vein very close to the edge'in the narrow leaves, and moderately distant from the edge in the broad ones, the secondary veins very fine, making an angle of 30-40 degrees with the midrib.
Inflorescence paniculate, the umbels 3 to 8 in number, the buds varying from 5 to 9 in the umbel, clavate, the peduncle flattened, pedicels short terete; calyx-tube funnel-shaped, gradually tapering into the pedicel, about 3 mm. long, the operculum very small, somewhat acute, conoid, shorter than the calyx-tube. Anthers senu-terminal, opening in round pores or slits, the filament is at the base or nearly so; gland at the hack. Floral disc forming a thin discal lining to the inside of the calyx-tube.
- rAd Si 5 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter. Capsular dise slightly thicker than the floral disc, not exceeding the
staminal ring, which is present on the ripe fruit.
Fruit conoid or cylindrical-conoid, 7.c., tapering into the pedicel, truncate, the valves well enclosed,
The type is Spring Ridge State Forest, Gunnedah district, New South Wales (Assistant Forester Tom Walker Tzylor).
RANGE.
Only known from New South Wales at present, but it will probably be found further south (in New South Wales) and also to extend into Queensland.
Single specimens are to be met with in the Gunnedah district wherever Tronbark (2. cvebra) and Box (£. conica) are growing together, and throughout the whole of the Pilliga Scrub areas. In the latter places single trees are to be met with in the Tronbark-Pine-(Callitris)-Box type of forest, and are easily distinguished from the true Ironbarks and Boxes. The bark on the trunk of these trees usually partakes otf the Tronbark character, whilst the branches generally show a pronounced Box type. These characteristics vary in some specimens, some trees being distinctly Ironbark-like in appearance, and in others partaking more of the Box type.
64
AFFINITIES.
1, With F. crebra F. v M.
It resembles this species in the buds, and to some extent in the thin fruit, but the fruits of E. crebra are never so conical. The timber is red, and a good deal like that of H. crebra. The bark, however, is more flaky on the trunk, while the branches are nearly smooth. The juvenile leaves of 2. Taylori somewhat resemble those of F. crebra, that is, they are narrow or narrowish, but not as narrow as those of L. crebra. The anthers resemble those of HL. crebra.
The following note concerning the timber of FE. Taylori is from Mr. Taylor’s pen: —
“Some years ago I saw two or three logs milled at Messrs, A. and L. Schwager’s Merimborough Sawmill in the Pilliga Scrub. The logs were sawn as Ironbark for bridge-decking, and passed as such. The timber, though generally slightly peler than Z. crebra, in some cases cannot be distinguished from that timber by the colour, and almost invariably shows genuine Ironbark characteristics in texture and fissility. Unless warned beforehand, it would be well nigh impossible for an expert in timbers to detect it when mixed with F&. crebra.”
2. With F. conica Deane and Maiden.
In buds and fruits it resembles this species, but the fruits of Z. Taylori are thicker and slightly contracted at the top, while the fruits of Z. conica are broad at the top, with a very thin sharp rim, with the staminal ring enclosed. In E£. Taylori the staminal ring is flush with the top of the fruit. ‘The Box-like bark on the branches exhibits some resemblance to the bark of #. conica, which is a Box. The timber is redder than that of #. conica. There is a slight resemblance between the juvenile leaves of these two species, but the suckers of H. conica are broader than those of L. Taylovi.
3. With E. Beyeri R. T. Baker.
The affinity to this species is somewhat similar to that of £. evebra in the leaves, buds and fruits, but the timber of #. Beyer is brownish and the bark is more deeply furrowed and harder than that of H. Taylor.
4. With F. melliodora A. Cunn.
Somewhat, in the leaves being inclined to develop the triplinerved venation. Some trees, however, resemble £. melliodora in the bark, which is rather soft and flaky on the butt. Trees possessing this class of bark, and with their narrow, drooping, somewhat glaucous foliage could very easily be mistaken for HZ. melliodora. The yellow timber of E. melliodora is very different from that of BE. Taylori.
ial
LXXITII. FE. oleosa F.v.M.
Unver Part XV, p. 170 (bottom of page) will be found the following note :—
“* Peeneri’ (native name) Mallee, water bearing, @.e., the roots, if cut into portions and drained, yield drinking water. Sandhills east of Ooldea. Mr. Deane points out that this Mallee has a vertical growth—no drooping of the leaves, and that it is very rare, only one patch having been seen in a journey of 140 miles from Port Augusta.”
A leaf, buds and fruits are figured at Plate 65, 10a, b, c. We may compare this with the following :—
“ Mallee clump, 10 yards across, remarkable for its prostrate trunks, which lie on the ground for several feet, sometimes arched. The branches spread out horizontally upwards. In the clump seen one or two of the trunks were erect finally and about 9 feet high. Most of the clump was only 4 or 5 feet high. Ve-y ashy-grey in appearance. Bark light grey and rough on the prostrate trunks and small branches. Branchlets smooth and reddish. Growing in hollow between sandhills, Barton, South Australia, Transcontinental Railway Line.” (E. H. Ising, No. 1372, 19th September, 1920.)
Both the Peeneri Mallee and No. 1372 are more or less glaucous; the fruits of the former have not the awl-like tips to the valves of No. 1372 (see fig. 2b, Plate 255), but they may have been rubbed off. We have only imperfect specimens of both forms, which should be further inquired into. Barton and Ooldea are in the same general district, at no great distance from each other.
Then we have a “ Mallee form with mid-grey brown bark, peeling off in long strips, smooth right to the ground, 15 to 18 feet high; trunks fairly erect. Branchlets and leaves erect.” (KE. H. Ising, Barton, South Australia, No. 1361, 19th September, 1920.) This is nearly typical F. oleosa, with shining leaves. It was also collected by Mr. Henry Deane “ Sandhills east of Ooldea, South Australia, June, 1909.” It is different in appearance to the two preceding specimens.
66
CCVI. F. intermedia R. T. Baker.
In Part XXNIX, p. 52, I have given the history of this somewliat anofialotis, and still doubtful, species. After further consideration and examination of additional material, I cannot see any botanical characters separating EH. intermedia from B. corymbosa. Juvenile; intermediate and mature leaves; buds, flowers, fruits and seeds have been compared in this connection.
E. intermedia lias always a flaky-fibrots “ Bloodwood ” bark, sotrietines paler than that of the typical £. corymbosa bark from the Sydney district. The timber of so-called “ White Bloodwood” or E. intermedia, varies in colour
from pale red to a deep red, but neither in colour nor texture can I distinguish timbers of the deeper colours (labelled White Bloodwood) from that of #: coryinbosa.
In other words, if one were to widen the definition of the colour of LZ. corymbosa timber (it has never yét been officially defined), it would include FB. intermedia.
RANGE.
This has been dealt with at pp. 252-255 of Part XXXIX. From the localities there given I desire to exclude Mr. W. Baeuerlen’s Bateman’s Bay specimens (bottom of p. 253) as referable to E. Nowraensis n. sp.
New South Wales.—1 desire to add the following to p. 254, after thé late Forester Hardimian’s Bohnock spécitens :—‘‘ White Bloodwood; three young tréés; the only ofies I have ever noticed in my life. Thoweht they might be a cross between the Bloodwood and Spotted Gui. The trite Bloodwood flowers here about the middle of February, and this one towards the end of April.” (From Bungay, Wingham, G. F. Hill, May, 1920.)
I have known Mr. Hill as a fine bushman for very many years, and attach particular importance to his statement. The timber he sends is rather pale, but not paler than, indeed not so pale as other specimens I have received in the #. intermedia series. Whether there is any persistent differences in the flowering periods of these Bloodwoods remains to be ascertained.
Coming to the Victorian border, a note on White Bloodwood by Mr. Forest Guard Henry H. Rose of Eden will be found at Part XX XTX, p. 253, to which may be added a subsequent note by him :—
“ A specimen within the town boundary of Eden measured 9 ft. 2 in. in girth at 2 ft. 6 in. from
the ground. Small pipe, head sound. The White Bloodwood is mixed with other Bloodwood trees growing under the same conditions and with wood of a dark red colour. About 30 feet distant from the tree the
67
specimens were cut from is another mature tree with timber of a dark red colour. Bloodwood is fairly abundant along the sandy coast country north of Twofold Bay on a stretch running parallel with the sea, and about 3 to 4 miles in width. I have no doubt that a certain percentage of these trees contain wood -of a pale colour, but as far as ebserved, there being no true outward indications to prove two different species of Eucalypts, it is impossible to give any idea of quantity. There is no Bloodwood along the southern foreshozes of Twofold Bay, nor along any of the coast country. I have travelled to Cape Howe, but inland, and close te the Victorian border, I am reliably informed that there is a small quantity. The Victorian Forest Guard stationed at Genoa tells me there is plenty of Bloodwood in his district, hoth White and Red.”
Victovia.—Here follows testimony from a Eucalyptus observer who is a well- known timber expert, and this should be read in conjunction with my statement at Part XXXIX, p. 246, as to the Victorian range of E. corymbosa, and of FL. intermedia at p. 253. Mr. Hopkins is an architect, and was for very many years the Public Works Inspector for Gippsland. It will be observed that he looks upon £. corymbosa as including what Mr. Baker calls Z. intermedia. Another Victorian, Mr. C. Daley, appears to hold a similar view, and therefore it seems futile to give separate Victorian boundaries for E. inteymedia as distinct from FL. corymbosa in the present state of our knowledge. Ii £. intermedia is looked upon as a colour variety of E. corymbosa, all our queries as to range disappear. At all events, I have established a case for the fullest inquiry.
“T am much interested in the descriptive notes on Z. corymbose and its affinities. I notice you have some doubt about its southern (Victorian) limit. It is fairly plentiful around Mallacopta Inlet, intermixed with other species, such as #. Sieberiana, EL. capitellata, E. eugenioides, and it extends along the coastal tracts to about the Wingan River, which I believe is its southern limit. I have seen no sign ” of it west of the Wingan, and it does not appear to reach far inland. It touches the Cann River to Genoa-road at one point only—near the 76-mile tree, where a few scattered trees are seen. It does not appear to ascend on to even the foot-hills of the ranges in Victoria, and I believe it is there confined to a small strip, not more than 10 or 15 miles wide from the coast, and with the Wingan River as its south-western boundary. The timber generally is rather pale coloured, very full of ‘gum veins, though some trees are darker coloured, brown or reddish in the heart wood. I will send you some specimens gathered at Mallacoota.” (Harry Hopkins, Bairnsdale, Victoria, 27th April, 1920.)
“The other (No. 2) specimens are from a mature or old tree at Mallacoota West, collected in November, 1918. This tree was felled for foundation blocks foy a, school building at Mallacoota West. The wood was so pale coloured that when I saw the blocks I doubted if they were Bloodwood, and to satisfy. myself T went out to where they were got (only about half a mile) and saw the tree from which they were obtained, and took my specimens from it. Tree 24 or 3feet in diameter. Wood very full of gum-veins; but. otherwise quite sound.” (H. Hopkins, 4th May, 1920.)
I received specimens labelled No. 1 and No. 2 in due course, and do not know how to separate them from #.corymbosa. Indeed, the question of a difference between
that species and LZ. intermedia would not have been raised except in regard to the colour of the timber.
68
DESC REET TION: CCCLX. E. Nowraensis n.sp.
Arpor 60’, “Spotted Gum” nota; ligno pallidissimo, fissili; foliis matuus petiolatis saturate viridikus, lanceolatis, faleatis in petiolum apicemque, leniter angustatis; venis leniter prominentibus, secundaziis proximantiusculis parallelibus, cum costa 45° orientibus, vena peripherica a margine remota; umbellis 3-7 floris corymbum solutum formantibus, umbella quaque in pedunculis pedicellisque teretibus ; alabastris laevibus, operculo hemispherico ad conico, calycis tubi urceolati dimidium aequante; fructuum pedunculis crassis, elongatis-urceolatis, 15-18 mm. longis 10-15 mm. latis, margine tenui, capsula depressa.
A tree of 60 feet, with a diameter of 15 inches, known as “ Spotted Gum,” but occasionally as “Grey Gum.’ Timber very pale, fissile.
Juvenile leaves not seen. Mature leaves petiolate, of a bright sap-green on both sides, lanceolate, more or less faleate, tapering gradually into the petiole, and very gradually into the apex, Moderately thick and of moderate size, say 10-14 em. in length by 2-24 cm. in width. Venation moderately prominent, the secondary veins rather close together and parallel, and making an angle of about 45 degrees with the midrib. The intramarginal vein close to the edge.
Inflorescence.—Umbels 3 to 7-flowered, usually several together, on short branches, forming a loose panicle or corymb, each umbel on a long terete peduncle and terete pedicel, the latter being about half the length of the former. The buds smooth, the operculum hemispherical to conical and about half the length of the urceolate calyx-tube, the anthers those of the Corymbosz, the styles protruding beyond the top of the calyx-tube, stigma globular.
Fruits with stout peduncles of 7-15 mm., elongated urceolate, the greatest length bemg 15-18 mm. and the greatest breadth 10-13 mm., rim thin, countersunk, the capsule depressed.
Floral dise.—tIn this species (as in many of the Corymbosae), there is no well defined floral or capsular disc (the discal lining of Mueller), but the inside of the deep calyx tube is covered with a thin carnose reddish lining which extends from the top of the depressed three-celled ovary to the thin staminal ring. Capsular disc similar, but slightly thicker than the floral disc, and almost absorbing the staminal ring.
The type is that of Mr. Alexander Joseph Gallagher, who collected it 4 miles east of Nowra (Parish of Nowra). I look upon Mr. W. Baeuerlen’s specimens as co-types, or paratypes, and would have con- stituted them the type, but I cannot trace precisely where he obtained his material.
RANGE.
Hitherto only found in the South Coast of New South Wales, but careful search will greatly extend the present known area.
Mr. W. Baeuerlen’s specimens (1890) referred to at Part XXXIX, bottom of p. 253, (a) Sources of the Clyde, No. 37; (b) Mogo, near Moruya, Mogo being 8 miles from Bateman’s Bay township, are from localities practically the same.
Mr. Gallagher’s specimens were collected (1921) 4 miles east of Nowra, and 2 miles south of that town. Mr. Gallagher’s and Mr. Baeuerlen’s localities are about 60 miles apart.
69
ABEINIRIES.
1 and 2. With F. maculata Hook, and E. corymbosa Sm. E. Nowraensis undoubtedly possesses characters intermediate between these two species, and the following is the first comparison made between them.
Under “ Descriptions of New Australia Plants, with occasional other annotations,” by Baron von Mueller, in ‘‘ The Victorian Naturalist,” vol. 7, No. 6 (October, 1890), p. 77, occur. the words :—
Mr. Baeuerlen has sent from near the Clyde also specimens of a Eucalypt, which he considers a hybrid between £. corymbosa and E. maculata, in which case the characteristics of the former are prevailing ; the leaves, however, are generally narrower, the operculum is double like that of EB. maculata, and if separates bya clear transverse line ; the wood also was found much lighter in colour than that of the genuine E. corymbosa, and the bark smooth on the upper portion of the stem as in EB. maculata. The
flowering time proved later than that of the former; as many as sixteen flowers occur in an umbel; the fruits are generally not so long as those of E. corymbosa.”
See some comments on these specimens at Part LII, p. 62, of the present work. Mr. Gallagher’s Nowra specimens show—-
(a) A smooth bark—a Grey Gum, something like Spotted Gum (2. maculata). It has certainly no rough bark like Bloodwood (EF. corymbosa).
(b) A fissile, pale timber, as pale as the palest. One of the specimens has the faintest blush of pink in it; this is not unusual in Spotted Gum. It has certainly no dark timber like one of the types of E. intermedia, nor does it closely resemble any of the Bloodwoods.
The kino of £. Nowraensis appears to be red (like E. corymbosa, &c.), not olive- green (like E. maculata). I had only a small quantity, from a crack in a block of wood, and the observation should be repeated when a larger quantity is available.
On my drawing Mr. Gallagher’s attention to this tree, he wrote: ‘J am now more than ever convinced that this tree is totally distinct from ary other species, and more closely resembles Spotted Gum (H£. maculata) than any other tree.” (26th September, 1921.) I agree with him.
The angle the secondary veins make with the midrib in 2. Nowraensis is 45 degrees; in L. macuiata the angle is 35-50 degrees, which does not greatly differ, but in £. corymbosa the angle is from 50 to 65 degrees, which is distinctly different.
3. With £. intermedia R. T. Baker.
The only thing we can say about BE. Nowraensis and E. intermedia is in reference to the sometimes pale colour of the timber of the latter. But the bark and the texture of the timber of L. intermedia are closer to EL. corymbosa than to those of the very different E. Nowraensis. For further remarks see under EL. corymbosa.
70 Explanation of Plates 252-255. PLATE 252. EE. Preissiana Schau. Floral dise carnose, dark coloured, represented by 5-12 pulvinate glandular processes which project
from the inner wall of the calyx towards the ovary; those that project midway between the raised sutural line of the ovary are.very much larger than those situated opposite the sutural line.
Capsular disc broad, carnose, depressed in the centre, the outer half plain, except for the pitted impressions of the filaments and anthers; inner margin thick, crenate, with as many as twelye pulvinate processes protruding over the valves, some of them being smaller ones